DK163894B - HERMETIC ENGINE COMPRESSOR WITH INCREASED OPERATING SAFETY - Google Patents
HERMETIC ENGINE COMPRESSOR WITH INCREASED OPERATING SAFETY Download PDFInfo
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- DK163894B DK163894B DK407988A DK407988A DK163894B DK 163894 B DK163894 B DK 163894B DK 407988 A DK407988 A DK 407988A DK 407988 A DK407988 A DK 407988A DK 163894 B DK163894 B DK 163894B
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- housing
- motor compressor
- cooling fluid
- compressor according
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
iin
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Opfindelsen omhandler en hermetisk motorkompressor af den i krav l's indledning angivne art, især til anvendelse i køleanlæg, luftkonditioneringsanlæg eller varmepumper, og omhandler foranstaltninger til undgåelse af beskadigelser 5 som følge af svigtende smøring.The invention relates to a hermetic motor compressor of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1, especially for use in refrigeration systems, air conditioners or heat pumps, and deals with measures to avoid damage 5 due to failure of lubrication.
Den tætlukkede beholders nederste parti danner almindeligvis et hus indeholdende olie til smøring. Olien optages af· en oliepumpe, eksempelvis en centrifugalpumpe, der 10 normalt er fastgjort til den ene ende af krumtapakselen, der selv er rotationsmæssigt forbundet med motorens rotor. Rotoren og krumtapakselen er anbragt langs en lodret rotationsakse, og krumtapakselen kan optage pumpen og føre olie til de komponenter, der skal smøres.The lower portion of the tightly closed container generally forms a housing containing oil for lubrication. The oil is taken up by an oil pump, for example a centrifugal pump, which is normally attached to one end of the crankshaft, which itself is rotationally connected to the motor rotor. The rotor and crankshaft are located along a vertical axis of rotation, and the crankshaft can receive the pump and supply oil to the components to be lubricated.
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Da der i beholderen også forefindes kølefluidum, kan smøringen af de bevægede komponenter under visse betingelser rejse problemer, idet smøringen kan svigte især efter lange stilstandsperioder af anlægget, under hvilke en del 20 af det i anlægget cirkulerende kølefluidum kan vandre ind i motorkompressorhuset.Since there is also cooling fluid in the container, the lubrication of the moving components can, under certain conditions, cause problems, the lubrication can fail especially after long periods of standstill of the system, during which part 20 of the cooling fluid circulating in the system can enter the motor compressor housing.
Dette fænomen optræder almindeligvis af to væsentlige årsager som følger: 25 alt efter de herskende temperatur- og trykbetingelser vil smøreolien i huset i større eller mindre grad opsuge kølefluidum (som følge af blandbarheden for olie og kølefluidum) og kan altså opløse en mere eller mindre væ-30 sentlig mængde og skabe et undertryk i huset, når kompressoren er mere afkølet end de andre dele af kredsløbsopbygningen, tiltrækkes kølefluidet imod kompressoren.This phenomenon generally occurs for two main reasons as follows: 25 depending on the prevailing temperature and pressure conditions, the lubricating oil in the housing will absorb more or less cooling fluid (due to the miscibility of oil and cooling fluid) and thus can dissolve a more or less liquid. -30 late amount and create a negative pressure in the housing when the compressor is cooler than the other parts of the circuit structure, the cooling fluid is attracted to the compressor.
Når smøreolien er mættet med kølefluidum, vil sidstnævnte i flydende form aflejres i bunden af motorkompressorens 35When the lubricating oil is saturated with cooling fluid, the latter will be deposited in liquid form at the bottom of the engine compressor 35
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2 beholder eller hus på grund af sin større densitet i forhold til densiteten af olie/kølefluidum-blandingen. Når standen af det flydende kølefluidum når oliepumpens ne-derste ende, dvs. den højde, hvor pumpen foretager sin 5 udgydning, er risikoen for en fastkiling mellem de arbejdende dele ganske stor ved genstart, på grund af det flydende kølefluidums ringe smøreevne.2 container or housing because of its greater density relative to the density of the oil / coolant mixture. When the state of the liquid cooling fluid reaches the bottom end of the oil pump, ie. at the height at which the pump makes its ejection, the risk of a wedge wedge between the working parts is quite high at restart, due to the low lubricity of the liquid cooling fluid.
Til afhjælpning af denne ulempe anvendes der ofte hjælpe-10 udstyr, såsom flasker til akkumulering af indsuget væske, der muliggør at indfange det flydende kølefluidum, eller en anordning til genopvarmning af huset forud for kompressorens genstart, hvor temperaturstigningen tilvejebringer en fordampning af det flydende kølefluidum, så at 15 oliestanden atter bliver normal.To alleviate this disadvantage, auxiliary equipment, such as bottles for accumulating suction fluid that is capable of trapping the liquid cooling fluid, or a device for reheating the housing prior to restarting the compressor is often used, where the temperature rise provides for evaporation of the liquid cooling fluid. , so that the 15 oil level returns to normal.
Disse løsninger eliminerer dog ikke fuldstændigt risikoen for smøringssvigt, og de kræver ofte tvangsforanstaltninger.However, these solutions do not completely eliminate the risk of lubrication failure and often require coercive measures.
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Det kan tilføjes, at en systematisk genopvarmning af huset før genstart af motorkompressoren i et foreskrevet tidsrum kan bevirke en væsentlig forsinkelse af anlæggets genstart, især hvis genopvarmningstiden har måttet gøres 25 tilstrækkelig lang til at tilgodese en væsentlig mængde flydende kølefluidum i huset. Det kan derfor ofte være en umættet blanding af olie og kølefluidum, der befinder sig ud for oliepumpens udgydningshøjde, så at denne blanding ved kompressorens genstart endnu besidder en vis smøreev-30 ne.It may be added that a systematic reheating of the housing prior to restarting the motor compressor for a prescribed period of time can cause a significant delay of the system restart, especially if the reheating time has had to be made sufficiently long to accommodate a substantial amount of liquid cooling fluid in the housing. Therefore, it can often be an unsaturated mixture of oil and cooling fluid which is outside the oil pump discharge height, so that this mixture at the compressor restart still has some lubricating power.
Fra US patentskrift nr. 4 490 988 er det kendt at spore tilstedeværelse af forurening i et rum, der er forbeholdt et smøremiddel, og at standse motorkompressoren, hvis en 35 sådan forurening konstateres. Denne foranstaltning for hindrer, at kompressoren beskadiges, men medfører den ulempe, at hele anlægget sættes ud af drift.From US Patent No. 4,490,988 it is known to detect the presence of contamination in a space reserved for a lubricant and to stop the engine compressor if such contamination is detected. This measure prevents the compressor from being damaged, but causes the disadvantage that the entire system is shut down.
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Fra US patentskrift nr. 4 090 371 kendes et apparatur til automatisk detektering af fysiske og termodynamiske tilstande samt af komponentkoncentration i en væskeblandng i et kølesystem. Der anvendes et antal sensorer, og der 5 indgår i apparaturet forholdsvis komplekse indretninger til bearbejdning, og sammenligning af informationerne fra sensorerne.U.S. Patent No. 4,090,371 discloses an apparatus for automatically detecting physical and thermodynamic states as well as component concentration in a liquid mixture in a cooling system. A number of sensors are used, and relatively complex devices for processing and comparing the information from the sensors are included in the apparatus.
Opfindelsen har til formål at afhjælpe de nævnte ulemper 10 ved at tilvejebringe mindst ét signal, der eksempelvis kan benyttes til at forhindre kompressorens genstart, eller til dennes genstart i fuld sikkerhed, eller til start af hjælpeudstyr til genopvarmning af huset.The invention aims to alleviate said disadvantages 10 by providing at least one signal which can be used, for example, to prevent the compressor's restart, or to restart it completely, or to start auxiliary heating equipment.
15 Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen for en hermetisk motorkompressor af den indledningsvis angivne art, der er udformet som angivet i krav 1's kendetegnende del.This is achieved in accordance with the invention for a hermetic motor compressor of the type initially specified, as defined in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Opfindelsen forklares nærmere nedenfor i forbindelse med 20 tegningen, hvor: fig. 1 er en skematisk afbildning af en hermetisk motorkompressor ifølge opfindelsen, 25 fig. 2 er en skematisk afbildning af en anden udførelses form for motorkompressoren ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 er en skematisk afbildning af et hus som vist på fig. 1 og viser en særlig udførelsesform for på fig. 1 og 30 2 viste elektroder, og fig. 4 er en skematisk afbildning af huset på fig. 1 og viser en udførelsesform baseret på en kapacitansvariation til detektering af tilstedeværelsen af et flydende køle-35 middel.The invention is further explained below in connection with the drawing, in which: 1 is a schematic representation of a hermetic motor compressor according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the motor compressor according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a housing as shown in FIG. 1, showing a particular embodiment of FIG. 1 and 30 2, and FIGS. 4 is a schematic view of the housing of FIG. 1, showing an embodiment based on a capacitance variation for detecting the presence of a liquid refrigerant.
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Som vist på fig. 1 omfatter den hermetiske motorkompressor 1 ifølge opfindelsen en tæt lukket beholder 2, der rummer en motorkompressoropbygning 3 af konventionel art, her symboliseret ved et rektangel. Motorkompressoren 3 5 omfatter ikke viste konventionelle organer monteret konventionelt, eksempelvis en elektromotor til at drive et stempel i en cylinder ved hjælp af eksempelvis en krumtapaksel 4, der rager ud fra motorkompressorens nederste ende 5. Et underste parti 10 af kammeret 2 udgør et hus 10 til optagelse af smøreolie.As shown in FIG. 1, the hermetic motor compressor 1 according to the invention comprises a tightly closed container 2 which contains a motor compressor structure 3 of conventional type, here symbolized by a rectangle. The motor compressor 35 does not comprise conventional means not shown conventionally mounted, for example an electric motor for driving a piston in a cylinder by means of, for example, a crankshaft 4 projecting from the lower end of the motor compressor 5. A lower part 10 of the chamber 2 constitutes a housing 10 for the absorption of lubricating oil.
En mod huset 10's bund 7 vendende ende 6 af krumtapakselen 4 er forlænget med en oliepumpe 8 i fast forbindelse med krumtapakselen og af konventionel art, eksempelvis en 15 centrifugalpumpe, og omfatter udtagningsåbninger 9.An end 6 of the crankshaft 4 facing the bottom 7 of the housing 10 is elongated with an oil pump 8 in fixed connection with the crankshaft and of a conventional nature, for example a centrifugal pump, and comprises withdrawal openings 9.
Når motorkompressoren 1 er under normal drift, er der smøreolie i huset 10 ved en højere væskestand fra bunden af huset end afstanden D mellem pumpeudtagningsåbningerne 20 9 og husets bund 7. Antages eksempelvis, at udtagningsåb ningerne 9 er beliggende i et med kortstreglinier vist udtagningsplan 11, forløber dette i en højde NI, som er mindre end oliestanden, så at olien kan udtages af oliepumpen 8.When the engine compressor 1 is in normal operation, there is lubricating oil in the housing 10 at a higher liquid level from the bottom of the housing than the distance D between the pump take-off openings 20 9 and the bottom of the housing 7. For example, it is assumed that the take-off openings 9 are located in a sampling plane 11 with short dash lines , this proceeds at a height NI which is less than the oil level, so that the oil can be withdrawn from the oil pump 8.
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Som tidligere nævnt kan motorkompressoren 11 s omgivelsesbetingelser være således, at huset 10 indeholder både flydende kølefluidum 12 og en flydende olie/kølefluidum-blanding 13. Da blandingen 13 har end mindre densitet end 30 kølefluidet 12, aflægges dette på husets bund 7, mens blandingen 13 hviler oven på det flydende kølefluidum 12.As previously mentioned, the ambient conditions of the motor compressor 11 may be such that the housing 10 contains both liquid cooling fluid 12 and a liquid oil / cooling fluid mixture 13. Since the mixture 13 has less density than the cooling fluid 12, this is deposited on the bottom of the housing 7 while the mixture 13 rests on top of the liquid cooling fluid 12.
Dette er vist på fig. 1, hvor det flydende kølefluidum 12 har en væskestand N2, der er højere end udtagningsplanet 11's væskestand NI. Når derfor oliepumpen 8 startes under 35 disse betingelser, vil den udtage det flydende kølefluidum 12 og ikke den flydende olie/kølefluidum-blanding 13, hvilket med sikkerhed ville medføre en fastkiling af deThis is shown in FIG. 1, wherein the liquid cooling fluid 12 has a liquid state N2 which is higher than the liquid state N1 of the withdrawal plane 11. Therefore, when the oil pump 8 is started under these conditions, it will take out the liquid cooling fluid 12 and not the liquid oil / cooling fluid mixture 13, which would certainly result in a firm wedge of the
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5 roterende dele 1 motorkompressoren 3.5 rotating parts 1 motor compressor 3.
For i dette tilfælde at kunne forhindre en genstart af motorkompressoren 1 er denne ifølge opfindelsen udstyret 5 med et organ 15 til detektering af tilstedeværelsen af flydende kølefluidum 12 i huset 10.In this case, in order to prevent a restart of the motor compressor 1, the device according to the invention is equipped 5 with a means 15 for detecting the presence of liquid cooling fluid 12 in the housing 10.
I en første udførelsesform for opfindelsen finder denne detektering sted i en væskestandhøjde nær ved den, der 10 med sikkerhed vil medføre risiko, dvs. ved en tredje væskestand N3, der ligger under væskestanden NI og tæt ved denne.In a first embodiment of the invention, this detection takes place at a liquid level height close to that which will certainly cause risk, i.e. at a third liquid state N3 which is below the liquid state N1 and close to it.
Organet 15 til detektering af tilstedeværelsen af flyden-15 de kølefluidum omfatter på den ene side et par elektroder 16 og 17 anbragt i det indre af huset 10 og monteret på en af husets sidevægge 44, og på den anden side en detekterings- og styreindretning 50 anbragt uden for beholderen 2. De to elektroder 16 og 17 er hver via en isoleren-20 de og vandtæt forbindelse 19 forbundet med en første og en anden indgang 40 og 41 til detekterings- og styreindretningen 50.The means 15 for detecting the presence of the liquid cooling fluid 15 comprises, on the one hand, a pair of electrodes 16 and 17 disposed in the interior of the housing 10 and mounted on one of the side walls 44 of the housing, and on the other hand a detection and control device 50 located outside the container 2. The two electrodes 16 and 17 are each connected via an insulating and waterproof connection 19 to a first and a second input 40 and 41 to the detection and control device 50.
I en første udførelsesform er detekteringen af tilstede-25 værelse af flydende kølefluidum 12 baseret på en elektrisk resistansdifferens mellem det flydende kølefluidum 12 og den flydende olie/kølefluidum-blanding 13.In a first embodiment, the detection of the presence of liquid cooling fluid 12 is based on an electrical resistance difference between the liquid cooling fluid 12 and the liquid oil / cooling fluid mixture 13.
Eksempelvis har et handelsført kølefluidum R22 en resi- 12 30 stans, der er ca. 10 gange mindre end for smøreolie, hvor smøreoliens elektriske resistans er af størrelses- 14 ordenen 10 D cm. Under disse betingelser varierer den elektriske resistans mellem mod hinanden ombukkede ender 20 og 21 på elektroderne 16 og 17 væsentligt, alt efter 35 om de er neddykket i den flydende olie/kølefluidum-blan-ding 13 eller i det flydende kølefluidum 12.For example, a commercially available cooling fluid R22 has a resistance which is approx. 10 times less than for lubricating oil, where the electrical resistance of the lubricating oil is of the order of 10 D cm. Under these conditions, the electrical resistance between mutually bent ends 20 and 21 of the electrodes 16 and 17 varies substantially, depending on whether they are immersed in the liquid oil / coolant mixture 13 or in the liquid coolant 12.
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Antages det eksempelvis, at de hosliggende elektrodeender 2 20 og 21 hver har en overflade pa 1 cm og en indbyrdes afstand på 1 cm, er den elektriske resistans af mellemrummet E mellem de to elektrodeender 20 og 21 af størrel-5 sesordenen 100 Ω, når mellemrummet E er udfyldt med flydende kølefluidum 12. Rummet E er centreret i et tredje niveau N3. Den elektriske resistans forøges med en faktor på langt over 10000, når rummet E udfyldes af den flydende olie/kølefluidum-blanding 13.For example, if it is assumed that the adjacent electrode ends 2 20 and 21 each have a surface of 1 cm and a spacing of 1 cm, the electrical resistance of the gap E between the two electrode ends 20 and 21 is of the order of 100 når when the space E is filled with liquid cooling fluid 12. The space E is centered on a third level N3. The electrical resistance is increased by a factor of well over 10000 when the space E is filled by the liquid oil / coolant mixture 13.
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Detekterings- og styreindretningen 50 kan udformes på simpel måde, eksempelvis omfattende en detektor 18, en spændingskilde 28 og en alarmcentral 31.The detection and control device 50 can be designed in a simple manner, for example comprising a detector 18, a voltage source 28 and an alarm control panel 31.
15 Detektoren 18 kan omfatte et elektromagnetisk relæ 23 med en spole 24, hvis ene ende 25 er forbundet med den anden elektrode 17 via den anden indgang 41, og hvis anden ende 26 er forbundet med en klemme 27 på spændingskilden 28.The detector 18 may comprise an electromagnetic relay 23 with a coil 24, one end 25 of which is connected to the other electrode 17 via the second input 41 and the other end 26 of which is connected to a terminal 27 of the voltage source 28.
Dennes anden klemme 29 er via den første indgang 40 for-20 bundet med den første elektrode 16. Relæet 23 omfatter en kontakt 30, der er brudt, så længe spolen 24 ikke er tilstrækkeligt strømførende.Its second terminal 29 is connected to the first electrode via the first input 40. The relay 23 comprises a contact 30 which is broken as long as the coil 24 is not sufficiently live.
Antages det, at relæet 23 til aktivering af kontakten 30 25 kræver en strøm på eksempelvis 0,005 A under en spænding på 24 V fra spændingskilden 28, er strømmen i spolen 24 helt uden betydning og utilstrækkelig, når olie/køleflui-dum-blandingen 13 befinder sig på kølefluidets 12 sted, dvs. betingelser i nærheden af det normale. Når derimod 30 rummet E optages af flydende kølefluidum 12, aftager den elektriske resistans i rummet E og passerer omkring de 100 Ω og frembringer et spændingsfald på ca. 0,5 V, og kontakten 30 aktiveres.Assuming that the relay 23 for actuating the switch 30 requires a current of, for example, 0.005 A below a voltage of 24 V from the voltage source 28, the current in the coil 24 is completely insignificant and insufficient when the oil / coolant mixture 13 is present. say in the location of the cooling fluid 12, ie. conditions near normal. By contrast, when the space E is occupied by liquid cooling fluid 12, the electrical resistance in the space E decreases and passes around the 100 Ω and produces a voltage drop of approx. 0.5 V and switch 30 is activated.
35 Kontakten 30 kan eksempelvis være forbundet med alarmcentralen 31, hvor den ved kontaktslutning angiver tilstedeværelsen af flydende kølefluidum 12 i en væskestand nærFor example, the contact 30 may be connected to the alarm center 31 where it indicates upon contact closure the presence of liquid cooling fluid 12 in a liquid state near
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7 ved udtagningsplanet 11. Alarmcentralen 31 kan på konventionel måde udløse enten en alarm eller forhindre genstart af motorkompressoren 1, og samtidig afgive en genopvarmningsordre for huset 10.7 at the take-out plane 11. The alarm center 31 can in the conventional manner either trigger an alarm or prevent the restart of the motor compressor 1, and at the same time issue a reheating order for the housing 10.
5 Såfremt overfladen af elektrodeenderne 20 og 21 er meget mindre end de ovenfor nævnte, eller hvis der anvendes et kølefluidum, der i flydende stand har en større elektrisk resistans end det omtalte kølefluidum R22, kan der på 10 konventionel måde anvendes en eller flere strømforstærkere.If the surface of the electrode ends 20 and 21 is much smaller than the above, or if a cooling fluid having a liquid state having a greater electrical resistance than the mentioned cooling fluid R22 is used, one or more current amplifiers can be used in a conventional manner.
Fig. 2 viser en ændret udførelsesform for motorkompressoren 1 ifølge opfindelsen, hvor tilstedeværelse af flyden-15 de kølefluidum 12 detekteres nær ved husets 10 bund 7.FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the motor compressor 1 according to the invention, where the presence of the liquid cooling fluid 12 is detected near the bottom 7 of the housing 10.
Her er elektroderne 16 og 17 anbragt nær ved husbunden 7 således, at rummet E mellem de to elektrodeender 20 og 21 er beliggende i et fjerde niveau N4 tæt ved bunden 7 og 20 nærmere ved denne end ved oliepumpens udtagningsåbninger 9.Here, the electrodes 16 and 17 are disposed near the housing bottom 7 such that the space E between the two electrode ends 20 and 21 is located at a fourth level N4 close to the bottom 7 and 20 closer to it than at the oil pump discharge openings 9.
Ved denne anbringelse af elektroderne 16 og 17 kan man detektere tilstedeværelsen af flydende kølefluidum 12 i 25 huset 10 for en ringe mængde kølefluidum, dvs. kort efter smøreoliens mætning med kølefluidum.In this arrangement of the electrodes 16 and 17, the presence of liquid cooling fluid 12 in the housing 10 can be detected for a small amount of cooling fluid, ie. shortly after saturation with cooling fluid.
Det flydende kølefluidum 12 hviler på husbunden 7 og bærer olie/kølefluidum-blandingen 13, som da udgør en stor 30 reserve under udtagningsplanet 11, og oliepumpens udtagningsåbninger 9 er neddykket i olie-kølefluidum-blandin-gen 13.The liquid cooling fluid 12 rests on the housings 7 and carries the oil / cooling fluid mixture 13, which then forms a large reserve under the withdrawal plane 11, and the oil pump withdrawal openings 9 are submerged in the oil cooling fluid mixture 13.
Under disse betingelser er det eksempelvis muligt at gen-35 opvarme huset 10 og derved muliggøre en motorkompressor-genstart, så at man undgår tidstab og fordampning af det flydende kølefluidum 12 i husbunden 7 og olie/køleflui-Under these conditions, for example, it is possible to reheat the housing 10, thereby enabling a motor compressor restart to avoid loss of time and evaporation of the liquid cooling fluid 12 in the housing 7 and the oil / cooling fluid.
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8 dum-blandingen 13.8 dum mixture 13.
Det forstås, at man kan kombinere de to ovennævnte udførelsesformer for at opnå en endnu større sikkerhed.It is understood that the two above-mentioned embodiments can be combined to achieve even greater security.
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Fig. 3 viser en udførelses form for huset 10 med påmonteret første elektrode 16, der her er ombøjet således, at elektrodeenden 20 vender imod hussidevæggen 44. En indre væg 45 i huset 10 udgør her den anden elektrode. Rummet E 10 strækker sig mellem elektrodeenden 20 og indervæggen 45 i det tredje eller fjerde niveau N3 og N4 forløbende henholdsvis nær ved udtagningsplanet 11 og husbunden 7. I øvrigt fungerer denne udførelsesform på samme måde som udførelsesformen på fig. 1.FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the housing 10 with mounted first electrode 16, which is bent here so that the electrode end 20 faces the housing side wall 44. An inner wall 45 in the housing 10 here forms the second electrode. The space E 10 extends between the electrode end 20 and the inner wall 45 in the third or fourth levels N3 and N4 extending respectively near the withdrawal plane 11 and the housings 7. Moreover, this embodiment functions in the same manner as the embodiment in FIG. First
1515
Fig. 4 viser en udførelsesform, hvor den første og den anden elektrode 16 og 17, 45, der berører det fluidum, der skal detekteres i huset 10, hver udgør en kondensatorbelægning. Elektroderne 16 og 17 omfatter her et iso-20 leret elektrodelegeme 52 og 53, der hver er forlænget med en metalplade 54 og 55, der forløber i det væsentlige parallelt og udgør belægningerne til en kondensator C, hvis dielektrikum findes i rummet E mellem de to belægninger 54 og 55 og udgøres af enten olie/kølefluidum-25 blandingen 13 eller af flydende kølefluidum 12 alt efter den opnåede væskestand, som tidligere forklaret.FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the first and second electrodes 16 and 17, 45, which touch the fluid to be detected in the housing 10, each constitute a capacitor coating. Here, electrodes 16 and 17 comprise an insulated electrode body 52 and 53, each of which is extended by a metal plate 54 and 55 extending substantially parallel to the coatings of a capacitor C whose dielectric is in space E between the two coatings 54 and 55 and are constituted by either the oil / coolant mixture 13 or liquid coolant 12 according to the obtained liquid state, as previously explained.
Belægningerne 54 og 55 er orienteret parallelt med bunden 7 og kan være anbragt på hver sin side af det tredje ni-30 veau N3 nær ved udtagningsplanet 11, men det forstås, at de også kan være orienteret på anden måde og være anbragt i en anden højde, eksempelvis niveauet N4 nær ved husbunden 7.The coatings 54 and 55 are oriented parallel to the bottom 7 and may be disposed on either side of the third level N3 near the take-out plane 11, but it is understood that they may also be oriented in a different way and positioned in a different manner. height, for example the level N4 near the base 7.
35 I lighed med den på fig. 3 viste udførelsesform kan kondensatoren C også dannes af en enkelt plade 54, der udgør en belægning og er anbragt over for husets indervæg 4535 Similar to the one shown in FIG. 3, the capacitor C may also be formed by a single plate 54 constituting a coating and disposed against the inner wall of the housing 45
DK 163894BDK 163894B
9 eller husbunden 7 til dannelse af den anden belægning i form af selve huset 10.9 or housing 7 to form the second coating in the form of housing 10 itself.
Det tidligere nævnte kølefluidum R22's relative permitti-5 vitet eller dielektricitetskonstant el i flydende stand er ca. tre gange større end den relative permittivitet eller dielektricitetskonstant e2 for smøreolien, så at forholdet b1/b2 svarer til den totale kapacitansvariation af kondensatoren E, når rummet E mellem belægningerne 54 10 og 55 successivt fyldes med olie/kølefluidum-blandingen 13 med et ringe indhold af kølefluidum og med det flydende kølefluidum 12. En sådan kapacitansvariation er meget større end de ved hjælp af konventionelle organer let de-tekterbare kapacitansvariationer.The aforementioned cooling fluid R22's relative permittivity or dielectric constant electricity in liquid state is approx. three times greater than the relative permittivity or dielectric constant e2 of the lubricating oil so that the ratio b1 / b2 corresponds to the total capacitance variation of the capacitor E when the space E between the coatings 54 10 and 55 is successively filled with the oil / coolant mixture 13 with a low content of such cooling fluid and with the liquid cooling fluid 12. Such capacitance variation is much greater than the readily detectable capacitance variations by conventional means.
1515
Detekterings- og styreindretningen 50 kan omfatte en oscillatorenhed 60 med et konventionelt oscillationskredsløb, i hvilket kondensatoren C er indskudt. Oscillatorenheden 60 er forbundet med en impulsgenerator 61 og le-20 verer et eksempelvis sinusformet signal SI med en frekvens F, der afhænger af kapacitansværdien C. Ud fra signalet SI leverer impulsgeneratoren 61 et andet signal S2 bestående af impulser med konstant bredde og med frekvensen F. Signalet S2 påtrykkes en integratorenhed 63, der 25 selv leverer et tredje signal S3 svarende til en spænding, hvis amplitude varierer med frekvensen F. Det tredje signal S3 påtrykkes eksempelvis en tærskelværdikompa-rator 64 af konventionel art, der eksempelvis leverer et fjerde signal S4 eller et femte signal S5, alt efter, om 30 kondensatorens C dielektrikum består af olie/kølefluidum-blandingen 13 eller af det flydende kølefluidum 12. Det fjerde og det femte signal S4 og S5 påtrykkes alarmcentralen 31.The detection and control device 50 may comprise an oscillator unit 60 with a conventional oscillation circuit into which the capacitor C is inserted. The oscillator unit 60 is connected to a pulse generator 61 and delivers an example sinusoidal signal S1 with a frequency F which depends on the capacitance value C. From the signal S1, the pulse generator 61 supplies a second signal S2 consisting of constant-width pulses and with the frequency F The signal S2 is applied to an integrator unit 63 which itself delivers a third signal S3 corresponding to a voltage whose amplitude varies with the frequency F. For example, the third signal S3 is applied to a threshold comparator 64 of a conventional type, for example, supplying a fourth signal S4. or a fifth signal S5, depending on whether the capacitor C dielectric consists of the oil / coolant mixture 13 or of the liquid cooling fluid 12. The fourth and fifth signals S4 and S5 are applied to the alarm center 31.
35 Det forstås, at kapacitansvariationen også kan detekteres på anden konventionel måde.It is understood that the capacitance variation can also be detected by other conventional means.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8710574 | 1987-07-24 | ||
| FR8710574A FR2618537B1 (en) | 1987-07-24 | 1987-07-24 | HERMETIC MOTOR COMPRESSOR WITH IMPROVED SECURITY |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK407988D0 DK407988D0 (en) | 1988-07-21 |
| DK407988A DK407988A (en) | 1989-01-25 |
| DK163894B true DK163894B (en) | 1992-04-13 |
| DK163894C DK163894C (en) | 1992-09-14 |
Family
ID=9353566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK407988A DK163894C (en) | 1987-07-24 | 1988-07-21 | HERMETIC ENGINE COMPRESSOR WITH INCREASED OPERATING SAFETY |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0300866B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH01104983A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE61658T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3861994D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK163894C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2021450B3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2618537B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2732685B2 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1998-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | Detecting method of refrigerant penetration in compressor |
| DE4011930A1 (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-10-31 | Aero Tech Klima Kaelte | COLD WATER AND BRINE TREATMENT SYSTEM |
| US6886354B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2005-05-03 | Carrier Corporation | Compressor protection from liquid hazards |
| ES2650443T3 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2018-01-18 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Air conditioning system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2067440A (en) * | 1934-01-15 | 1937-01-12 | Newell B Finney | Safety device for refrigeration systems |
| FR1414316A (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1965-10-15 | Carrier Corp | Fridge |
| US3411313A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1968-11-19 | Carrier Corp | Compressor protective control |
| US3705499A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1972-12-12 | Carrier Corp | Oil dilution control |
| US3744267A (en) * | 1972-03-15 | 1973-07-10 | Borg Warner | Liquid level protection system for refrigeration compressor |
| US4090371A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1978-05-23 | Technological Enterprises Corp. | Monitor and control for refrigeration system |
| DE2639019C3 (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1981-09-03 | Danfoss A/S, 6430 Nordborg | Chiller |
| GB1587452A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1981-04-01 | Electricity Council | Compressors for heat pumps |
| US4490988A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-01-01 | Emerson Electric Co. | Degradation sensing and shut-down means for refrigeration motor-compressor units |
-
1987
- 1987-07-24 FR FR8710574A patent/FR2618537B1/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-07-05 AT AT88401743T patent/ATE61658T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-05 ES ES88401743T patent/ES2021450B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-05 EP EP88401743A patent/EP0300866B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-05 DE DE8888401743T patent/DE3861994D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-21 JP JP63182772A patent/JPH01104983A/en active Pending
- 1988-07-21 DK DK407988A patent/DK163894C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0300866B1 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| FR2618537B1 (en) | 1989-09-15 |
| ATE61658T1 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
| FR2618537A1 (en) | 1989-01-27 |
| DK407988A (en) | 1989-01-25 |
| JPH01104983A (en) | 1989-04-21 |
| DK163894C (en) | 1992-09-14 |
| ES2021450B3 (en) | 1991-11-01 |
| DE3861994D1 (en) | 1991-04-18 |
| EP0300866A1 (en) | 1989-01-25 |
| DK407988D0 (en) | 1988-07-21 |
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