DK163396B - IMPROVEMENT FOR IMPROVED PARITY PARENTS - Google Patents

IMPROVEMENT FOR IMPROVED PARITY PARENTS Download PDF

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Publication number
DK163396B
DK163396B DK599984A DK599984A DK163396B DK 163396 B DK163396 B DK 163396B DK 599984 A DK599984 A DK 599984A DK 599984 A DK599984 A DK 599984A DK 163396 B DK163396 B DK 163396B
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Denmark
Prior art keywords
scrambler
parity
character
character stream
output
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DK599984A
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Danish (da)
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DK599984A (en
DK163396C (en
DK599984D0 (en
Inventor
Klaus Ruthemann
Original Assignee
Ant Nachrichtentech
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03828—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties
    • H04L25/03866—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties using scrambling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Detection And Correction Of Errors (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • For Increasing The Reliability Of Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
  • Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)

Abstract

1. An apparatus for the transfer of digital signals, comprising a character transmitter and a character receiver, having a first, continuous parity counting operation performed on n bits at a time of the character stream to be transmitted and with insertion of a parity bit, dependent on the particular results of this first parity counting operation, into the character stream to be transmitted on the transmitting side, as well as a second, continuous parity counting operation performed on the same n bits of the character stream to be received and comparison of the result of this second parity counting operation with the received parity bit for the purpose of error recognition on the receiving side, characterized in that on both the transmitting side and the receiving side, the input of the parity counter (P ; Fig. 2) is in each case preceded by a scrambler (S), in such a manner that the character stream to be transmitter and the character stream to be transferred via the transfer channel (Ü) are statistically decoupled from the input data of the parity counter (P).

Description

iin

DK 163396 BDK 163396 B

Opfindelsen angår et anlæg til overføring af digitale signaler, omfattende en tegnsender og en tegnmodtager, med en første kontinuerlig paritetstælling over i hvert enkelt tilfælde n bit af den tegnstrøm, der skal 5 sendes, og indføjning af en af det enkelte resultat af denne første paritetstælling afhængig paritetsbit i den tegnstrøm, der skal sendes, på sendesiden samt med en anden kontinuerlig paritetstælling over de samme n bit i den modtagne tegnstrøm og sammenligning af resultatet af 1 0 denne anden paritetstælling med den modtagne paritetsbit med henblik på fejlerkendelse på modtagesiden.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a digital signal transmission system comprising a character transmitter and a character receiver, with a first continuous parity count over in each case n bit of the character stream to be transmitted, and inserting one of the individual results of this first parity count. dependent parity bit in the character stream to be sent, on the send side as well as with another continuous parity count over the same n bit in the received character stream and comparing the result of this second parity count with the received parity bit for error recognition on the receive side.

Pra tysk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 22 47 662 kendes et anlæg, som ved ombytning af scrambler og fejlsikringsindretning på sendesiden og descrambler og fejl-15 detekteringsindretning på modtagesiden forøger fejlsikkerheden væsentligt (fig. 1). Denne foranstaltning træffes med henblik på på modtagesiden at undgå en flerdob-ling af overføringsfejl som følge af descrambleren og på forhånd at kunne konstatere og eventuelt korrigere over-20 føringsfejl.German Patent Publication No. 22 47 662 discloses a system which, by exchanging scrambler and error protection device on the sending side and descrambler and error detection device on the receiving side, significantly increases the error security (Fig. 1). This measure is taken in order to avoid, on the receiving side, multiple duplication of transmission errors due to the descrambler and to be able to detect and possibly correct transmission errors in advance.

Opfindelsen har til opgave at angive et anlæg af den indledningsvis omhandlede art, i hvilket paritetstællingsprocessen bliver uafhængig både af strukturen af de på sendesiden ankommende data og af strukturen af de 25 over overføringsstrækningen sendte data.It is the object of the invention to provide a facility of the kind initially referred to, in which the parity counting process becomes independent both of the structure of the data arriving on the transmit side and of the structure of the data transmitted over the transmission line.

Opgaven løses som angivet i krav l's kendetegnende del. Underkravene angiver fordelagtige videreudviklinger .The task is solved as specified in the characteristic part of claim 1. The subclaims indicate advantageous further developments.

Opfindelsesgenstanden er i det følgende forklaret 30 nærmere på grundlag af nogle udførelseseksempler under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser teknikkens stade ifølge tysk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 22 47 662, fig. 2 et anlæg ifølge opfindelsen som angivet i 35 krav 1, fig. 3 et anlæg ifølge opfindelsen som angivet i krav 3, 2The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of some exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows the state of the art in accordance with German Publication No. 22 47 662; 2 shows a plant according to the invention as claimed in claim 1; FIG. 3 shows a plant according to the invention as claimed in claims 3, 2

DK 163396 BDK 163396 B

fig. 4 et anlæg ifølge opfindelsen som angivet i krav 4, fig. 5 et anlæg ifølge opfindelsen som angivet i krav 5, og 5 fig. & en kendt opstilling til paritetskontrol.FIG. 4 shows a plant according to the invention as claimed in claim 4; 5 shows a plant according to the invention as claimed in claim 5, and 5 fig. & a known set up for parity checking.

Som fordel ved anlægget ifølge opfindelsen resulterer en væsentligt forbedret nøjagtighed ved paritetsudnyttelsen i sådanne overføringssystemer, i hvilke overføringsforstyrrelser - betinget af den anvendte mo-10 dulationsmetode - til stadighed frembringer en gruppe n-bit-fejl, som f.eks. ved 4-PSK-modulation med differentiel kodning. Det forudsættes, at der i modem'et opbygges hhv. nedbygges en overramme, hvorved en overføring af den på sendesiden talte paritetskode først bliver 15 mulig.In advantage of the system according to the invention, a substantially improved accuracy of parity utilization results in such transmission systems, in which transmission disorders - subject to the modulation method used - constantly produce a group of n-bit errors, such as e.g. by 4-PSK modulation with differential coding. It is assumed that the modem is built up, respectively. an over frame is downgraded, whereby a transmission of the parity code spoken on the sending side is only possible 15.

Der kendes opstillinger til paritetstælling i systemer, som til stadighed frembringer grupper af n-bit-fejl. De adskiller sig fra opstillinger, som ved aftastningsfejl overvejende frembringer l-bit-fejl, ved, 20 at der efter dem er indkoblet et 1/n-binæromsætningsled, hvis udgangssignal anvendes som paritetskode. Der kendes ligeledes digitalt overføringsudstyr, hvor datasignalet i datasenderen og -modtageren i hvert enkelt tilfælde scrambles med en kvasitilfældighedsfølge, og hvor pari-25 tetstællingen i relation til scramblingen med kvasitil-fældighedsfølgen enten sker ved interface-stedet til nytte-datasignalet eller ved interface-stedet til overføringsstrækningen .Parity count setups are known in systems that constantly generate groups of n-bit errors. They differ from arrays which, for scanning errors, predominantly produce 1-bit errors, know that after that a 1 / n binary converter is switched on, whose output signal is used as a parity code. Digital transmission equipment is also known in which the data signal in the data transmitter and receiver is in each case scrambled with a quasi-random sequence, and the parity count in relation to the scrambling with the quasi-random sequence occurs either at the interface site of the utility data signal or at the interface. the site of the transfer route.

Ulempen ved de hidtil kendte anlæg forklares 30 nærmere eksempelvis med henvisning til fig. 1. I dette kredsløb sker paritetstællingen umiddelbart før hhv. efter modulations- hhv. demodulationsindretningen. Der kan eksempelvis være tale om en 4-PSK-modulation.The disadvantage of the prior art systems is explained in greater detail, for example with reference to FIG. 1. In this circuit, the parity count takes place immediately before, respectively. according to modulation respectively. The despreading. For example, this may be a 4-PSK modulation.

Paritetstællerens arbejdsmåde består i, at den 35 indenfor et fastlagt interval (en ramme) kontrollerer, om antallet af deri overførte ét'er (eller nuller) i 3The mode of operation of the parity counter consists in the fact that within a set interval (a frame) it checks whether the number of ones (or zeros) transmitted therein in 3

DK 163396 BDK 163396 B

datasignalet er lige eller ulige. Dertil anvendes eksempelvis en kobling som vist i fig. 6. Deri tæller den første JK-flip-flop de i datasignalet indeholdte ét'er, idet den omstyres ved hvert ét, dvs. ændrer sin udgangs-5 tilstand. Den derpå følgende JK-flip-flop er en sædvanlig l:2-binærdeler, som her er nødvendig med henblik på konstatering af de ved 4-PSK-metoder med differentiel kodning til stadighed optrædende dobbeltfejl. Da der ved aftastningsfejl i sådanne 4-PSK-demodulatorer altid er 10 nøjagtigt to binærtegn forkerte, kan der dertil angives følgende fejlskema:the data signal is equal or odd. For example, a coupling as shown in FIG. 6. Therein, the first JK flip-flop counts the ones contained in the data signal, being redirected at each one, ie. changes its output-5 state. The subsequent JK flip-flop is a conventional 1: 2 binary divider, which is required here to detect the double error occurring by 4-PSK methods with differential coding. Since, when scanning errors in such 4-PSK demodulators, there are always exactly two binary characters wrong, the following error diagram can be specified:

Udsendte binærtegn Forfalskede binærtegn (a) 0 0 11 15 (b) 01 10 (c) 10 0 1 (d) 11 0 0 På grundlag af paritetstællerens (fig. 6) funk-20 tionsmåde kan det ses, at kun tilfældene (a) og (d) fører til paritetskrænkelser.Transmitted binary characters Counterfeit binary characters (a) 0 0 11 15 (b) 01 10 (c) 10 0 1 (d) 11 0 0 Based on the function of the parity counter (Fig. 6), it can be seen that only the cases (a ) and (d) lead to parity violations.

Da det i idealtilfældet gælder, at tilfældene (a)-(d) alle er lige sandsynlige, vil kvotienten af antallet af binærtegnfejl og antallet af paritetskrænkel-25 ser i gennemsnit antage værdien 4.Since, in the ideal case, the cases (a) - (d) are all equally likely, the quotient of the number of binary character errors and the number of parity violations will, on average, assume the value 4.

Kendskabet til denne størrelse, der sædvanligvis kaldes "fortyndelsesfaktor", muliggør nu en bedømmelse af fejlhyppigheden, hvormed f.eks. erstatningskoblingen for overføringsstrækninger kan styres.The knowledge of this size, usually called "dilution factor", now enables an assessment of the frequency of error, by which e.g. the replacement link for transmission lines can be controlled.

30 I praksis gælder den forannævnte antagelse af ens sandsynlighed for tilfældene (a)-(d) imidlertid kun med tilnærmelse. Det viser sig, at den i det foranstående definerede kvotient omtrent kan variere med en faktor på 2 i teknisk realiserede apparater, i ekstreme tilfælde 35 endog med størrelsesordener. Årsagen er, at som følge af signalforvrængninger på overføringsstrækningen er nogle30 In practice, however, the aforementioned assumption of one's likelihood of cases (a) - (d) only applies with approximation. It turns out that the quotient defined above can approximately vary by a factor of 2 in technically realized appliances, in extreme cases even with orders of magnitude. The reason is that as a result of signal distortions on the transmission line, some

Claims (6)

1. Anlæg til overføring af digitale signaler, 25 omfattende en tegnsender og en tegnmodtager, med en første kontinuerlig paritetstælling over i hvert enkelt tilfælde n bit af den tegnstrøm, der skal sendes, og indføjning af en af det enkelte resultat af denne første paritetstælling afhængig paritetsbit i den tegnstrøm, 30 der skal sendes, på sendesiden samt med en anden kontinuerlig paritetstælling over de samme n bit i den modtagne tegnstrøm og sammenligning af resultatet af denne anden paritetstælling med den modtagne paritetsbit med henblik på fejlerkendelse på modtagesiden, kende-35 tegnet ved, at der både på sendesiden og på modtagesiden er indkoblet en scrambler foran paritetstæl- DK 163396 B leren, (P, fig. 2), således, at den tegnstrøm, der skal sendes, og den tegnstrøm, der skal overføres via overføringsstrækningen (ti), er statistisk afkoblet fra indgangsdataene til paritetstælleren (P).An apparatus for transmitting digital signals, comprising a character transmitter and a character receiver, with a first continuous parity count over in each case n bit of the character stream to be transmitted and inserting one of the individual results of this first parity count depending parity bit in the character stream to be sent, on the send side as well as with another continuous parity count over the same n bits in the received character stream and comparison of the result of this second parity count with the received parity bit for error recognition on the receive side, characterized in that a scrambler is connected both on the transmitting side and on the receiving side in front of the parity counter, (P, Fig. 2), so that the character stream to be sent and the character stream to be transmitted via the transmission line ( ti), is statistically decoupled from the input data of the parity counter (P). 2. Anlæg ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at der på sendesiden både foran paritetstælleren (P, fig. 3, 4 eller 5) og foran overføringsstrækningen (ti) er indkoblet en scrambler (S, hhv. a og b), og at der på modtagesiden tilsvarende findes to descramblere 10 (S, hhv. a og b) symmetrisk med sendesidens udstyr i re lation til overføringsstrækningen (ti).System according to claim 1, characterized in that a scrambler (S, respectively a and b) is connected to the transmitter side both in front of the parity counter (P, Figs. 3, 4 or 5) and in front of the transmission line (ti). correspondingly, on the receiving side, two descramblers 10 (S, a and b, respectively) are symmetrical with the sending side equipment in relation to the transmission line (ti). 3. Anlæg ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at nyttedataene på sendesiden tilføres den første scrambler (S, a; fig. 3), at den første scramblers (a) 15 udgang er forbundet med indgangen på paritetstælleren (P) og på den anden scrambler (S, b), og at den anden scramblers udgang er forbundet med overføringsstrækningen (ti).System according to claim 2, characterized in that the utility data on the transmitter side is applied to the first scrambler (S, a; Fig. 3), that the output of the first scrambler (a) is connected to the input on the parity counter (P) and on the second scrambler (S, b), and that the output of the second scrambler is connected to the transfer line (ten). 4. Anlæg ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet 20 ved, at nyttedataene er tilført indgangen på den første scrambler (S, a; fig. 4) og på den anden scrambler (S, b), at den første scramblers (a) udgang er ført til paritetstælleren (P), og at den anden scramblers (s, b) udgang er ført til overføringsstrækningen (ti).System according to claim 2, characterized in that the utility data is fed to the input of the first scrambler (S, a; Fig. 4) and to the second scrambler (S, b) that the output of the first scrambler (a) is fed. to the parity counter (P) and the output of the second scramblers (s, b) to the transfer line (ten). 5. Anlæg ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at nyttedataene tilføres den anden scrambler (S, b; fig. 5), at den anden scramblers (b) udgang er forbundet med overføringsstrækningen (ti) og med den første scramblers (a) indgang, og at den første scramblers (a) udgang 30 er forbundet med paritetstælleren (P).System according to claim 2, characterized in that the utility data is applied to the second scrambler (S, b; Fig. 5), that the output of the second scrambler (b) is connected to the transmission line (ti) and to the input of the first scrambler (a) and that the first scrambler (a) output 30 is connected to the parity counter (P). 6. Anlæg ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at der i stedet for den af den første scrambler (a) frembragte kvasitilfældighedsfølge ved hjælp af et enkelt udtag afledes en tilsvarende kvasitilfældighedsføl-35 ge fra den anden scrambler (b), som er statistisk uafhængig af den af den anden scrambler (b) frembragte kvasitilfældighedsfølge.System according to claim 2, characterized in that instead of the quasi-random sequence produced by the first scrambler (a), a corresponding quasi-random sequence is derived from the second scrambler (b) which is statistically independent of the quasi-random sequence produced by the second scrambler (b).
DK599984A 1983-12-17 1984-12-14 IMPROVEMENT FOR IMPROVED PARITY PARENTS DK163396C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833345777 DE3345777A1 (en) 1983-12-17 1983-12-17 ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPROVED PARITY PAYMENT
DE3345777 1983-12-17

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK599984D0 DK599984D0 (en) 1984-12-14
DK599984A DK599984A (en) 1985-06-18
DK163396B true DK163396B (en) 1992-02-24
DK163396C DK163396C (en) 1992-07-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK599984A DK163396C (en) 1983-12-17 1984-12-14 IMPROVEMENT FOR IMPROVED PARITY PARENTS

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EP (1) EP0147658B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE40623T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3345777A1 (en)
DK (1) DK163396C (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775746A (en) * 1972-05-19 1973-11-27 Ibm Method and apparatus for detecting odd numbers of errors and burst errors of less than a predetermined length in scrambled digital sequences
DE2247662B2 (en) * 1972-09-28 1977-06-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München PROCEDURE FOR SECURE DATA TRANSFER
DE3006112C2 (en) * 1980-02-19 1981-11-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Method for data transmission with error protection by means of parity bits
JPS5783946A (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-05-26 Fujitsu Ltd Input and output monitoring system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK599984A (en) 1985-06-18
DE3476620D1 (en) 1989-03-09
EP0147658A2 (en) 1985-07-10
DK163396C (en) 1992-07-13
DE3345777A1 (en) 1985-06-27
ATE40623T1 (en) 1989-02-15
DK599984D0 (en) 1984-12-14
EP0147658B1 (en) 1989-02-01
EP0147658A3 (en) 1987-09-02

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