DK162854B

DK162854B - Piston pump or compressor for handling both gas and wet gas, as well as vacuum cleaners for LPG gas cylinders with such a pump

Info

Publication number: DK162854B
Application number: DK382689A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Peder Lorenzen
Original assignee: Cosan Crisplant As
Priority date: 1989-08-04
Filing date: 1989-08-04
Publication date: 1991-12-16
Also published as: WO1991002160A1; AU6171490A; DK162854C; EP0592393A1; DK382689A; DK382689D0

Description

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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en stempelpumpe eller -kompressor til håndtering af potentielt våde gasser eller gasholdige væsker.The present invention relates to a piston pump or compressor for handling potentially wet gases or gaseous liquids.

Traditionelt skelnes ret skarpt mellem væskepumper og 5 gaskompressorer, og i sædvanlige konstruktioner er de pågældende to former for maskiner velegnede til håndtering af henholdsvis væske og gas, men yderst ineffektive eller direkte uegnede til håndtering af henholdsvis gas og væske. Navnlig gælder det, at stempelkompressorer for "*0 gas normalt ikke alene er uegnede til håndtering af væske, men simpelthen vil ødelægges ved et forekommende mærkbart væskeindhold i gassen, idet bl.a. en given afstrømningskapacitet for komprimeret gas betinger en konstruktion af udstrømningsventiludrustningen, som er ganske forskelus lig fra udformningen af samme ventiludrustning, når det drejer sig om væske, der jo pr. definition ikke er komprimerbar i nogen væsentlig grad.Traditionally, liquid pumps and 5 gas compressors are rather sharply distinguished, and in conventional designs the two types of machines are suitable for handling liquid and gas, respectively, but extremely inefficient or directly unsuitable for handling gas and liquid respectively. In particular, piston compressors for "0" gas are usually not only unsuitable for handling liquids, but will simply be destroyed by a present appreciable liquid content of the gas, inter alia, a given compressed gas flow capacity, which requires a design of the exhaust valve equipment, which is quite different from the design of the same valve equipment in the case of liquid which, by definition, is not compressible to any significant degree.

I gaskompressorer skal det normalt tilstræbes, at det såkaldte "skadelige rum", dvs. det resterende cylinderrum 20 over stempeltoppen ved afslutningen af stemplets arbejds -slag, er så lille som muligt, da stemplet under det følgende sugeslag ellers først begynder at suge effektivt efter, at den komprimerede gasmængde i det skadelige rum har ekspanderet til sugetrykket efter en vis bevægel-25 se af stemplet. Lignende forhold gælder ved håndtering af LPG-gas og tilsvarende gasser, hvor gassen skal frempum-pes uden nogen voldsom kompression; hvis gassen rummer blot ganske lidt af gassen i dens flydende fase, vil denne gasvæske lægge sig på stempeltoppen og straks fordampe 30· ved begyndelsen af sugeslaget, hvorved sugningen bliver ineffektiv. Yderligere gælder det, at kompressoren eller gaspumpen kan blive mekanisk overbelastet, hvis mængden af flydende gas ved slutningen af arbejdsslaget er større end rumfanget af det skadelige rum, da den usammentrykke- 2In gas compressors, it should usually be sought that the so-called "harmful space", ie. the remaining cylinder space 20 above the piston top at the end of the piston working stroke is as small as possible, otherwise the piston during the following suction stroke will only begin to suck effectively after the compressed gas quantity in the harmful space has expanded to the suction pressure after a certain movement -25 see of the stamp. Similar conditions apply when handling LPG gas and similar gases, where the gas must be pumped without any excessive compression; if the gas contains just a little of the gas in its liquid phase, this gas liquid will settle on the piston top and immediately evaporate 30 · at the beginning of the suction stroke, thereby making the suction ineffective. In addition, the compressor or gas pump may be mechanically overloaded if the amount of liquid gas at the end of the work stroke is greater than the volume of the harmful space, as it is not compressed.

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lige væske så pludseligt hamres mod cylinderens topstykke og tilhørende ventiludrustning.straight fluid is then suddenly hammered against the cylinder head and associated valve equipment.

Jfr. eksempelvis USA-patentskrift nr. 1,901,478 har man forsøgt at udforme en ammoniakpumpe med en cylindertop, 5 hvori ventiludrustningen er anbragt på et mellemtopstykke, der er indrettet til mod virkningen af en kraftig fjeder at kunne løfte sig som en helhed, hvis stemplet under arbejdsslaget ender med at trykke en væskemængde mod topstykket, således at der herved fremkommer en lang, 10 rundtgående udstrømningsspalte for væsken. En sådan indretning vil dog være ganske bekostelig.Cf.. for example, US Patent No. 1,901,478 has been attempted to design an ammonia pump with a cylinder top 5, wherein the valve equipment is mounted on an intermediate head piece adapted to be able to lift as a whole if the piston ends during the working stroke. by pressing a quantity of liquid against the cylinder head so that a long, circumferential outlet gap for the liquid is formed. However, such a device will be quite expensive.

Opfindelsen har til formål at angive en kompressor eller pumpe, som i en simpel mekanisk udførelse kan arbejde med både tørre og våde gasser.The invention has for its object to provide a compressor or pump which, in a simple mechanical embodiment, can work with both dry and wet gases.

15 Opfindelsen bygger på den meget enkle erkendelse, at det nævnte problem m.h.t. anslag af væske mod cylinderens topstykke skyldes, at dette topstykke traditionelt netop er et "topstykke", dvs. beliggende ved toppen af stemplets opadgående arbejdsbevægelse, medens problemet principielt 20 vil blive elimineret, hvis pumpen vendes på hovedet, således at topstykket nu bliver et "bundstykke". Herved vil en eventuel væske samle sig i bundstykket, umiddelbart ved udstrømningsventilen, og under stemplets nu nedadgående arbejdsslag vil det herved stigende tryk i gassen virke 25 på udstrømningsventilen gennem væskemængden på ikke-slag-agtig måde; når det fornødne udstrømningstryk er opbyg- . get under stemplet, vil ventilen åbne på sædvanlig måde, men det vil nu være væsken, som strømmer ud først, nemlig under indflydelse af den overliggende pude af trykgas.The invention is based on the very simple realization that the said problem with respect to. impingement of liquid against the cylinder head is due to the fact that this head is traditionally just a "head", ie. located at the top of the piston's upward working motion, while the problem will in principle be eliminated if the pump is turned upside down so that the headpiece now becomes a "bottom piece". Hereby, any liquid will accumulate in the bottom piece, immediately at the outflow valve, and during the downward stroke of the piston, the increasing pressure in the gas will thereby act on the outflow valve through the quantity of liquid in a non-impact manner; when the required outflow pressure is built up. When under the piston, the valve will open in the usual manner, but it will now be the liquid which flows out first, namely under the influence of the overhead pad of compressed gas.

30 ved en passende placering af udstrømningsventilen vil herved hele væskemængden forlængst være uddrevet, når stempel-"toppen" udfører slutningen af sit arbejdsslag. Bortset fra sin orientering i rummet vil pumpen således kunne op-bygges på ganske enkel og endda traditionel måde.30 at an appropriate location of the outflow valve, the entire amount of liquid will thereby be extruded as the piston "top" performs the end of its working stroke. Apart from its orientation in space, the pump will thus be able to be constructed in a simple and even traditional way.

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Opfindelsen er på denne baggrund primært ejendommelig ved det, der er angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1.In this context, the invention is primarily peculiar to that set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Opfindelsen omfatter tillige et tomsugningsanlæg for LPG-gasflasker, idet det netop ved brug af den omhandlede 5 pumpe viser sig muligt at forenkle de traditionelle tomsugningsanlæg ganske drastisk. Ved disse anlæg er opgaven den at udsuge eventuelle rester af flydende LPG-gas fra gasflaskerne,før disse genfyldes, da man i hvert fald før en volumetrisk styret fyldning må have sikkerhed for, 10 at der ikke er flydende gas tilbage i flasken, som jo ikke må fyldes helt op med gasvæske. Den udsugede gasvæske skal føres til en samletank, og det er uundgåeligt, at det udsugede væskeprodukt på et eller andet tidspunkt bliver gasholdigt, ligesom det er ønskeligt at fortsætte 15 sugningen, indtil der kun er ren gas tilbage. Som nævnt er det ikke blot sædvanlige gaskompressorer, der er uegnede til håndtering af væske, men også sædvanlige væskepumper, der er uegnede til at håndtere gas, og opfindelsen bygger nu videre på, at pumpen ifølge opfindelsen ud-20 mærket kan være indrettet til at arbejde ikke blot med gas eller våd gas, men også med ren væske og gasholdig væske. Netop dette betinger, at man ved et tomsugningsanlæg kan tillade sig at erstatte de ellers anvendte separationstanke og tilhørende ventiludrustning med en sim-25 pel pumpe ifølge opfindelsen, idet der ved hjælp af denne kan foregå en direkte overpumpning af gasvæskeresten fra gasflaskerne til en lager- eller fyldetank, helt indtil pumpeproduktet er blevet til tør gas. Pumpen kan udmærket være en effektiv gaskompressor, dvs. indeholde et skade-50 ligt rum af små dimensioner, og tomsugningen kan således om ønsket fortsættes til opnåelse af undertryk i sugesystemet.The invention also encompasses a vacuum suction plant for LPG gas bottles, since it is precisely possible to simplify the traditional vacuum suction systems quite drastically by using the above-mentioned pump. At these plants, the task is to extract any residual liquid LPG gas from the gas bottles before refilling them, since at least before a volumetric controlled filling must be ensured that no liquid gas is left in the bottle, which must not be completely filled with gas liquid. The extracted gas liquid must be fed to a single tank, and it is inevitable that the extracted liquid product will at some point become gas-containing, and it is desirable to continue suction until only pure gas remains. As mentioned, not only are conventional gas compressors unsuitable for handling liquids, but also conventional liquid pumps which are unsuitable for handling gas, and the invention now builds on the fact that the pump according to the invention can be designed to: not only work with gas or wet gas, but also with pure liquid and gas-containing liquid. Precisely this means that a vacuum suction system can be allowed to replace the otherwise used separation tanks and associated valve equipment with a simple pump according to the invention, by means of which a direct over-pumping of the gas liquid residue from the gas bottles to a storage tank can be effected. or filling tank, until the pump product has turned into dry gas. The pump can very well be an efficient gas compressor, ie. contain a damaging space of small dimensions and the vacuum suction can thus be continued if desired to obtain vacuum in the suction system.

Opfindelsen forklares i det følgende nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken 4The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which:

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fig. 1 er et snit gennem en pumpe ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 et tilsvarende snit af en anden udførelsesform for pumpen, og fig. 3 et skematisk billede af et tomsugningsanlæg for 5 LPG-glasker.FIG. 1 is a section through a pump according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a similar sectional view of another embodiment of the pump; and FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an empty suction system for 5 LPG bottles.

Den i fig. 1 viste pumpe har en pumpecylinder 2, som i en i øvrigt ikke vist maskinopbygning er anbragt skråt nedadragende fra et krumtaphus, hvorfra en stempelstang 4 med stempel 6 føres op og ned i cylinderen 2. På den 10 nedre ende af cylinderen er anbragt et "topstykke" 7, som er udformet med en indsugningsventil 8 og en central udstrømningsventil 10. Sidstnævnte er således anbragt, at dens rundtgående sædeflade strækker sig gennem det aller-laveste område af rummet inden for topstykket 6, idet det-15 te er kegleformet udenom den endefacet, som udstrømningsventilen 10 udgør. Ventilindretningen skal ikke beskrives nærmere, da den såvel som topstykket i øvrigt kan være udført på konventionel måde.The FIG. 1, the pump cylinder 2 has a pump cylinder 2 which, in a machine structure not otherwise shown, is inclined downwardly from a crankcase, from which a piston rod 4 with piston 6 is moved up and down in the cylinder 2. At the lower end of the cylinder is placed a " head "7, which is formed with an intake valve 8 and a central outflow valve 10. The latter is arranged so that its circumferential seat surface extends through the very lowest region of the space within the head piece 6, the latter being cone-shaped outside it. the end face of the outflow valve 10. The valve assembly need not be described in more detail, as it as well as the head piece may otherwise be designed in a conventional manner.

Det vil umiddelbart forstås, at den viste pumpe vil kunne 20 arbejde med både gas og væske, og at der ved arbejde med væskeholdig gas ikke vil forekomme slagproblemer ved slutningen af stemplets arbejdsslag, da en eventuel væskeansamling under og lige efter stemplets sugeslag vil forekomme ved den bunddel, som korresponderer med udstrøm-25 ningsventilen 10, dvs. væskeansamlingen vil udtrykkes fra cylinderen, så snart stemplet ved sit nedadgående arbejdsslag har oparbejdet det tryk i cylinderen 2, ved hvilket udstrømningsventilen 10 åbner.It will be understood immediately that the pump shown will be capable of working with both gas and liquid and that when working with liquid gas there will be no impact problems at the end of the piston stroke, as any fluid accumulation during and just after the piston suction stroke will occur at the bottom portion corresponding to the outflow valve 10, i. the liquid accumulation will be expressed from the cylinder as soon as the piston has, at its downward working stroke, worked up the pressure in the cylinder 2 at which the outflow valve 10 opens.

I fig. 2 er vist en pumpecylinder 2 med lodret oriente-30 ring. Indsugningsventilen 8 er anbragt centralt i cylinderbunden i form af en konisk opragende skive, som således fra sin midte.er nedskrånende mod et ydre, lavtliggen- 5 DK 162854 & de ringområde, under hvilket udstrømningsventilen 10 er anbragt i form af en vandret ringpladedel, som er støttet af en underliggende, antydet fjeder 12. Også her gælder det,.at det laveste område af cylinderrummet er beliggen-5 de umiddelbart ved selve udstrømningsventilen, således at bundopsamlet gasvæske vil forlade cylinderen, så snart stemplet begynder sit arbejdsslag ovenfra. Ved denne udførelse kan arbejdes med forholdsvis meget sore strømningsarealer i ind- og afgangsventileme.In FIG. 2 is shown a vertical cylinder pump cylinder 2. The suction valve 8 is arranged centrally in the cylinder bottom in the form of a tapered upright disk, which thus slopes from its center towards an outer, low lying area under which the outflow valve 10 is arranged in the form of a horizontal annular plate part which is supported by an underlying, hinted spring 12. Again, the lowest area of the cylinder compartment is located immediately at the outflow valve itself, so that the bottom-collected gas liquid will leave the cylinder as soon as the piston begins its stroke from above. In this embodiment, relatively high flow areas can be used in the inlet and outlet valves.

10 Det vil ses, at der ved pumperne ifølge både fig. 1 og fig. 2 kan arbejdes med skadelige rum af meget lille størrelse.10 It will be seen that at the pumps of both FIGS. 1 and FIG. 2 can be worked with harmful spaces of very small size.

I fig. 3 er vist et tomsugningsanlæg for LPG-gasflasker.In FIG. 3 shows a vacuum suction system for LPG gas bottles.

Et antal gasflasker 14 er anbragt i omvendt stilling i 15 tilslutningssokler 16, der er lednings forbundet med en samletank 18, som forneden er forbundet med sugesiden af en pumpe 20 ifølge opfindelsen. Tryksiden af denne pumpe er forbundet med en lager- eller fyldetank 22, og pumpen kan som nævnt benyttes til direkte overførelse af rest -20 gassen fra gasflaskerne 14 til tanken 22, uanset at der herved bliver tale om frempumpning af både ren gasvæske, gasholdig gasvæske og ren gas.A plurality of gas cylinders 14 are positioned in the reverse position in connection sockets 16, which are wired to an assembly tank 18, which is connected below to the suction side of a pump 20 according to the invention. The pressure side of this pump is connected to a storage or filling tank 22, and as mentioned, the pump can be used for direct transfer of the residual -20 gas from the gas cylinders 14 to the tank 22, irrespective of the pumping of both pure gas liquid, gas-containing gas liquid and pure gas.

Til sammenligning tjener, at man ved tomsugningsanlæg hidtil har benyttet den i fig. 3 punkteret viste indret-25 ning, som omfatter to beholdere 24 med omskifterventiler 26, en gaspumpe 28 og en væskefælde 30. Ved betjening af ventilerne 26 kan man. udvirke, at der ved hjælp af gaspumpen 28 sker en indsugning af gas til den ene beholder 24 fra flaskerne 14 og en fremtrykning af 30 gasvæsken fra den anden beholder til tanken 22, idet gaspumpen 28 herved kan arbejde alene med tør gas. Ved opfindelsen er det uden betydning, om den tilsvarende pumpe tillige skal arbejde med ren væske og gasholdig væske, og derfor kan hele den punkteret antydedede indret-35 ning erstattes med den enkle pumpe ifølge opfindelsen.By way of comparison, it has been used so far to use the vacuum suction system shown in FIG. 3, shown in dotted line, which comprises two containers 24 with switch valves 26, a gas pump 28 and a liquid trap 30. The valves 26 can be operated. cause, by means of the gas pump 28, an inlet of gas to one container 24 from the bottles 14 and an injection of the gas liquid from the other container to the tank 22, the gas pump 28 being able to work with dry gas alone. In the invention, it is irrelevant whether the corresponding pump should also operate with pure liquid and gas-containing liquid, and therefore the entire punctured hinted device can be replaced with the simple pump according to the invention.

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Den i fig. 2 viste pumpe kan udmærket anbringes i skrånende stilling, endda næsten helt ned til vandret, og den er derfor velegnet til at udføres i en flercylinderudgave i form af e.t hængende V eller W. Det samme er naturligvis tilfæl-5 det med pumpen, ifølge fig. 1.The FIG. The pump shown in Fig. 2 can be very well placed in an inclined position, even almost all the way down to the horizontal, and it is therefore suitable to be carried out in a multi-cylinder version in the form of a hanging V or W. The same is naturally the case with the pump, according to Figs. . First

Claims

A piston pump or compressor for handling both clean gas and gas-containing liquid, in particular for emptying LPG gas cylinders, comprising a pump cylinder (2) with a piston (6) moving therein and a cylinder head (7) with 5 suction suits placed therein. and outflow valve devices (8, 10), characterized in that the pump cylinder (2) is oriented downwardly with the cylinder head (7) and the outflow valve (8) is designed and arranged to communicate with the lowest position in the pump cylinder. .

Pump or compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder is arranged in a sloping position and that an edge area of the outflow valve centrally located in the cylinder head is in the lowest region of the cylinder space.

Pump or compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder is arranged in a vertical hanging position and that the suction valve at the bottom of the cylinder forms an outwardly and downwardly sloping surface 20 along the outer and lower edge of the outflow valve. annular ring plate valve.

Vacuum suction system for LPG gas cylinders, characterized in that between a suction line connected to the cylinders and a storage or filling tank for the liquid LPG gas, substantially only a pump according to claim 1,2 or 3 is inserted. .