DK161819B

DK161819B - HEAD SPRING FOR SKIN VEHICLES

Info

Publication number: DK161819B
Application number: DK407686A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Hans Dieling
Original assignee: Talbot Waggonfab
Priority date: 1985-08-27
Filing date: 1986-08-27
Publication date: 1991-08-19
Also published as: NO863282D0; DK161819C; EP0212348B1; DE3663240D1; DE3530554A1; NO166114B; DK407686A; NO863282L; EP0212348A1; DK407686D0; NO166114C

Description

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Opfindelsen angår en hovedfjedring til skinnekøretøjer med de i krav l's indledning angivne træk.The invention relates to a main suspension for rail vehicles with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Fra DE-offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 30 48 515 er det kendt at tildanne en hoved- eller primaerfjedring til skinnekøretøjer på en sådan måde, at ethvert aksellejehus har bærearme på begge sider, set i køretøjets længderetning, og at der imellem 10 disse bærearme og boogierammen findes fjedre, af hvilke den ene er en i lodret retning blød fjeder, medens den anden er en fjeder, som er konstrueret til vandrette fjederegenskaber, og som består af to oven over hinanden beliggende ikke-plane metalflader, hvorimellem der befinder sig et lag af elastomerisk 15 materiale. Denne kendte hovedfjedring har den fordel, at den er blød i lodret retning, da den i lodret retning bløde fjeder, som kan være en skruefjeder, en gasfjeder eller en elastomerfjeder, overtager hele fjedringen i lodret retning. Derudover bestemmer den anden fjeder, som, ligesom ved en akselstyre-20 stang, tjener som drejeled, og som er konstrueret til vandrette fjederegenskaber og kan være forholdsvis hård i lodret retning, elasticiteten i det vandrette plan, hvorved fjederegenskaberne i kørselsretningen - x-retningen -og på tværs af kørselsretningen - y-retningen - kan være af forskellig størrelse og 25 i vidt omfang tilpasset de pågældende forhold.From DE Publication No. 30 48 515, it is known to provide a head or prime suspension for rail vehicles in such a way that any axle bearing housing has support arms on both sides, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and between 10 these support arms and the boogie frame are present. springs, one of which is a vertically soft spring, while the other is a spring which is designed for horizontal spring properties and consisting of two superposed non-planar metal surfaces, between which is a layer of elastomeric 15 material. This known main spring has the advantage of being soft in vertical direction, since the vertically soft spring, which can be a coil spring, a gas spring or an elastomer spring, takes over the entire spring in the vertical direction. In addition, the second spring, which, as with a shaft guide rod, serves as a pivot joint, which is designed for horizontal spring properties and can be relatively hard in the vertical direction, determines the elasticity of the horizontal plane, whereby the spring characteristics in the direction of travel - the x direction -and across the direction of travel - the y-direction - can be of different sizes and widely adapted to the conditions in question.

Disse kendte hovedfjedringer er især velegnet til hurtigtkø-rende skinnekøretøjer. Det har imidlertid vist sig, at stiv-heden ved denne kendte hovedfjedring ikke i ønskværdig grad 30 er varigbar i x- og y-retningen, da elastomerfjederen ud over de lodrette afstivningskræfter også skal optage en forvridning omkring y-aksen, da elastomerfjederen jo tjener som drejeled, når den anden i lodret retning bløde fjeder giver efter.These known main springs are particularly suitable for fast-moving rail vehicles. However, it has been found that the rigidity of this known main spring is not to a desirable degree in the x and y directions, since the elastomer spring, in addition to the vertical stiffening forces, must also absorb a distortion around the y axis, since the elastomer spring serves as a pivot joint when the other in the vertical direction soft spring yields.

35 Formålet med opfindelsen er at tildanne elastomerfjederen på en sådan måde, at den også kan optage denne forvridning, uden at der herved gives afkald på den fordel, at de vandrette fjederegenskaber i x- og y-retningen i vidt omfang kan indstilles. Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved hjælp af deThe object of the invention is to provide the elastomeric spring in such a way that it can also absorb this distortion without sacrificing the advantage that the horizontal spring properties in the x and y directions can be largely adjusted. This is achieved according to the invention by means of the

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2 5 i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne træk. Underkravene angiver yderligere udførelsesformer og forbedringer.2 5 in the characterizing part of claim 1. The subclaims indicate further embodiments and improvements.

Som følge af at i det mindste ét elastomerlag er tildannet i form af en del af en kugleskal og ligger imellem to delkugleflader på tilstødende metallegemer, opnår elastomerfjederen kugleledsegenskaber, medens elasticiteten ved hjælp af det 10 yderligere elastomeriske lag, som er tildannet som et plant eller trugfor- met lag, i vidt omfang kan variere i det vandrette plan. Derved kan det yderligere elastomeriske lag, således som det er i og for sig kendt (tysk patentskrift nr. 1.755.875) bestå af to på tagformet måde imod hinanden- hældende lag, 15 eller af to imod hinanden hældende lag, hvorimellem der befinder sig et vandret lag eller af flere imod hinanden hældende lag, eller også kan det være tildannet som en halv cylinderskal.Because at least one elastomeric layer is formed in the form of a part of a spherical shell and lies between two partial spherical surfaces of adjacent metal bodies, the elastomeric spring achieves spherical properties, while the elasticity by the additional elastomeric layer formed as a plane or trough shaped layers can vary widely in the horizontal plane. Thereby, the additional elastomeric layer, as is known per se (German Patent No. 1,755,875), may consist of two roof-shaped layers against each other, 15 or two adjacent layers between a horizontal layer or several layers inclined towards one another, or it may be formed as a half-cylinder shell.

Ved hjælp af denne formgivning af det yderligere lag af elasto-merisk materiale kan der opnås alle de i praksis nødvendige 20 stivheder og stivhedsforskelle i x- og y-retningen. Hvis fje derstrækningen ved den i lodret retning bløde fjeder er stor, optræder der tilsvarende også store forvridningsvinkler i elastomerfjederen. For at forskydningsspændingen i laget af elastomerisk materiale, som er tildannet i form af en kugleskal 25 ikke bliver for stor, kan forvridningen fordeles på flere koncentrisk i forhold til hinanden anbragte delkugleskalforme-de lag. Da forskydningssspændingerne i de delkugleskalformede elastomerlag afhænger af kugleradien, kan lagtykkelserne være af forskellig størrelse i overensstemmelse med kugleradien, 30 hvorved de fordelagtigt gøres større ved voksende kugleradius.By means of this shaping of the additional layer of elastomeric material, all the practically necessary stiffnesses and stiffness differences in the x and y directions can be obtained. Similarly, if the stretching of the spring by the vertically soft spring is large, large distortion angles also occur in the elastomer spring. In order that the shear stress in the layer of elastomeric material formed in the form of a ball shell 25 does not become too great, the distortion can be distributed on several concentrically spherical shell-shaped layers. Since the shear stresses in the sub-spherical shell-shaped elastomeric layers depend on the sphere radius, the layer thicknesses may be of different sizes in accordance with the sphere radius, thereby being advantageously made larger by increasing sphere radius.

Udførelsesformer for en hovedfjedring ifølge opfindelsen forklares nedenfor under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 35 fig. 1 viser i et partielt lodret snit en hovedfjedring ifølge opfindelsen, hvor en elastomerfjeder kun omfatter ét lag i form af en kugleskal,Embodiments of a main suspension according to the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows, in a partial vertical section, a main spring according to the invention, in which an elastomer spring comprises only one layer in the form of a ball shell;

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3 fig. 2 viser et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, og 5 fig. 3 viser et lodret snit igennem en elastomerfjeder i en hovedfjedring i en anden udførelsesform med to lag, som har form af dele af kugleskaller.3 FIG. 2 shows a section along line II-II in FIG. 1 and 5 in FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through an elastomeric spring in a main suspension in another two-layer embodiment having the form of portions of ball shells.

Ved den i fig. 1 og 2 viste udførelsesform, har et akselleje-10 hus 1 på hver sin side to bærearme 2 og 3, som ligger i køre tøjets langsgående retning x. Boogierammen 13 eller karrosseriet støtter sig oven på bærearmen 2 via en skruefjeder, og oven på bærearmen 3 via en elastomerfjeder 5. Denne elastomerfjeder 5 består som vist af en ståldel 6 med en overflade 15 i form af en del af en kugle samt en ståldel 7 med en fordyb ning, som ligeledes har form af en del af en kugle, og imellem disse ståldele ligger der et elastomerlag 8. Imellem undersiden af ståldelen 7 og oversiden af en yderligere ståldel 9 ligger der et yderligere elastomerlag 10. Ståldelene 7 og 20 9's overflader, hvorpå laget 10 kan være påvulkaniseret, kan i princippet være plant og vandret liggende. I dette tilfælde er fjederevnen i x- og y-retningen lige stor. Hvis fjederevnen i x- og y-retningen imidlertid skal være forskellig, kan elastomerlaget også være trugformet tildannet, eller også 25 kan det være tagformet tildannet, hvorved trugets eller tagets længderetning kan ligge i x- eller y-retningen, alt efter i hvilken af disse to retninger, der ønskes en større elasticitet.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, a shaft bearing housing 1 has on each side two supporting arms 2 and 3 which lie in the longitudinal direction x of the clothing. The boogie frame 13 or bodywork rests on top of the support arm 2 via a coil spring and on top of the support arm 3 via an elastomer spring 5. This elastomer spring 5 consists, as shown, of a steel part 6 with a surface 15 in the form of a part of a ball and a steel part 7. with a recess which also forms part of a sphere, and between these steel parts there is an elastomeric layer 8. Between the underside of the steel part 7 and the upper side of a further steel part 9 there is an additional elastomeric layer 10. The steel parts 7 and 20 9's surfaces on which the layer 10 may be vulcanized can, in principle, be flat and horizontal. In this case, the spring capacity in the x and y directions is equal. However, if the spring capacity in the x and y directions is to be different, the elastomeric layer may also be trough-shaped or 25 may be roof-shaped, whereby the longitudinal direction of the trough or roof may be in the x or y direction, depending on which of the these two directions, a greater elasticity is desired.

30 Ved den i fig. 1 og 2 viste udførelsesform er, som det især fremgår af fig. 2, det yderligere elastomerlag 10 trugformet tildannet, hvorved truget i alt væsentligt har en U-formet opadtil åbent tværsnit. Ττ-ngaksen forløber i x-retningen.30 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the additional elastomer layer 10 is trough-shaped, the trough having substantially a U-shaped upwardly open cross section. The Ττ-axis runs in the x-direction.

Som det endvidere fremgår af fig. 2, er trugbredden i x-ret-35 ningen ikke konstant, men derimod aftager den fra elastomer fjederens 5 midte, og i begge trugaksens retninger. Ståldelens 7 fjederstrækning i den vandrette x-retning er begrænset ved hjælp af anslag 11, 12.Furthermore, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the trough width in the x-direction is not constant, but on the other hand it decreases from the middle of the elastomer spring 5 and in both directions of the trough axis. The spring section of the steel part 7 in the horizontal x direction is limited by means of stops 11, 12.

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44

Fig. 3 viser en elastomerfjeder 5’, som kan anvendes i hoved-fjedringen ifølge fig. 1 i stedet for elastomerfjederen 5.FIG. 3 shows an elastomer spring 5 'which can be used in the main spring of FIG. 1 instead of the elastomer spring 5.

5 Ved denne udførelsesform for elastomerfjederen er der imel lem metaldelen 6' og metaldelen 7' anbragt to kuglekalotformede elastomerlag 8a' og 8b', og imellem disse ligger der et metallag 6a', som har form af en kugleskal. Herved er elastomerlagets 8a' tykkelse dl lidt mindre end tykkelsen d2 10 af elastomerlaget 8b', som har større kugleradius. Det yder ligere elastomerlag 10' imellem metaldelene 7' og 9‘, er også ved denne udførelsesform trugformet tildannet og er sammensat af i hovedsagen plane dellag 10a', 10b1, 10c', som er anbragt hældende i forhold til hinanden.In this embodiment of the elastomer spring, two metal ball-shaped elastomer layers 8a 'and 8b' are arranged between the metal part 6 'and the metal part 7', and between them there is a metal layer 6a 'which is in the form of a ball shell. Hereby, the thickness d1 of the elastomeric layer 8a is slightly smaller than the thickness d210 of the elastomeric layer 8b ', which has a larger ball radius. It also provides elastomeric layers 10 'between the metal parts 7' and 9 ', is also trough-shaped in this embodiment and is composed of generally planar sub-layers 10a', 10b1, 10c 'which are inclined relative to each other.

1515

For yderligere at variere fjederegenskaberne, kan metaldelene 6 og 7 henholdsvis 6' og 7' kugleformede overflader også være anbragt lidt excentrisk i forhold til hinanden, så at tykkelsen af de herimellem beliggende elastomerlag ændrer sig fra midten 20 og ud imod randene. Til udligningen af forskydningsspændingen ved flere delkugleskalformede, koncentrisk i forhold til hinanden anbragte elastomerlag, kan der i stedet for at tildanne lagene med forskellig tykkelse også anvendes elastomerer med forskellig elasticitet. Som elastomerer kan der anvendes na-25 turlige eller syntetiske gummimaterialer eller gummielastiske plastmaterialer, hvorved det er en forudsætning, at elastomeren lader sig fast forbinde med metallerne. 1 35To further vary the spring characteristics, the metal portions 6 and 7 and 6 'and 7' spherical surfaces, respectively, may also be disposed slightly eccentric relative to each other so that the thickness of the elastomer layers located therebetween changes from the center 20 to the edges. In order to offset the shear stress of several sub-spherical shell-shaped, concentrically disposed elastomeric layers, instead of forming the layers of different thickness, different elastomers of different elasticity can also be used. As elastomers, natural or synthetic rubber materials or rubber-elastic plastics materials can be used, whereby the elastomer can be firmly connected to the metals. 1 35

Claims

1. Main springs for rail vehicles, in which any axle bearing housing, seen in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, has support arms on both sides, and on one side between these support arms and the boogie frame or body there is one vertical spring, and on the other side an elastomeric spring which is designed for horizontal spring properties, in which lies between non-planar surfaces a layer of elastomeric material, characterized in that the elastomeric spring (5) comprises at least one layer (8) of elastomeric material which is formed in the form of a ball shell and arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical direction between sub-ball surfaces with metal parts (6, 7) having substantially the same center point, and the elastomer spring (5) further comprising an additional layer (10) of elastomeric material having planar, 20 bounding faces lying horizontally, or trough-shaped with a horizontal axis of pressure.

Head suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomer spring (5) comprises two or more mutually concentric layers (8a, 8b) of elastomeric material formed in the form of a part of a ball shell.

Main suspension according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional elastomeric layer (10) is arranged below the layers (8, 8a, 8b) which form part of a ball shell.

Main suspension according to one of Claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the thickness (d1, d2) of the elastomeric layers (8a, 8b), which are in the form of parts of ball shells, increases with the ball radius.

Head suspension according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the trough-shaped additional elastomeric layers (10) consist of two or more adjacent sub-layers (10af 10b, 10c) with planar boundary surfaces.

Head suspension according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the trough-shaped additional elastomeric layer is formed as a cylindrical half shell.

Head suspension according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the trough width of the additional elastomeric layer changes from the center of the elastomeric spring and in both directions of the trough axis. 15