DK157318B - APPLICATION OF A COLORED GLASS PANEL BASED ON NATURAL-Lime-SILICATE GLASS WITH FE2O3, SE AND CO0 AS COLORING COMPONENTS. - Google Patents

Description

1 DK 157318 B

Stained glass panes based on baking soda-lime silicate glass with 0.2 - 0.5 wt% Fe 2 O 2, 5-25 ppm Se and 0 - 20 ppm CoO as coloring components are known from DE OS 21 12 582 3 296 004. These panes are for construction purposes only.

They must exhibit an absorption of heat radiation of more than 50 og and a light transmission factor (γ) in the visible part of the spectrum of a maximum of 55 - 56 ü. Due to their properties, such windows act as heat protection against strong sunlight radiation. These well-known glass panes must also have some anti-glare effect against strong sunlight.

* For example, from the specification of German patent No. 1,134,220,

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form car windows where the transmission throughout the range comprising the large wavelengths of the visible part of the spectrum reaches a point near the maximum for the sensitivity of the eye is high and then decreases with a characteristic which runs parallel to the characteristic of The sensitivity of the eye, to a minimum between 480 and 530 nm, after which it grows again to the lower limit of the visible part of the spectrum, reaching a maximum value of approx. 30% at 400 nm. In the region of the short wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, the mean value of the transmission is only approx. 20%, while in the region of the large wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum it is at approx. 85%.

These known car windows have an anti-glare effect. In particular, due to the very reduced light transmission through the pane in the region of the short wavelengths of the visible part of the spectrum, the light in the violet, blue and blue-green area will be absorbed sufficiently that the scattering of these waves does not appear to be obtrusive in fog or mist. drizzle. However, this strong absorption in the region of the short wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum results in the fact that the distinction between green and blue is no longer marked and that, in certain conditions, especially at sunset or in bad weather, only difficult or may not be able to distinguish between these colors at all, which has a major impact on driving safety.

Other car windows made of stained glass are known, in particular gray or green stained glass. Such panes ensure high absorption in the infrared area and are essentially intended to protect against heat. On the other hand, they have the disadvantage that they have no anti-glare effect at all, especially in rain or fog.

The object of the invention is to create a car window which has physiologically improved properties and which allows, in part, to ensure the minimal transmission of light, which is dangerous to carriers, in the visible part of the spectrum and partly to obtain a clear distinction between the colors under widely varying light and weather conditions, partly to obtain a marked anti-glare effect, and partly to achieve improved general visibility.

The object of the invention is achieved by using a stained glass pane based on baking soda-lime-silicate glass with 0.2 - 0.5% by weight Fe2Üj, 5-25 ppm Se and 0 - 20 ppm CoO as dyeing components for shark carriers with shark transmissivity in the long-beamed regions of light from 550 nm to 750 nm and a steep decrease in transmissivity in the ultraviolet region, whereby the coloring components are so adjusted depending on the thickness of the glass pane that the following conditions are met:

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- total transmission in the visible range: at least 70%, - transmission in the range of 550 nm - 750 nm: 75 - 90%, - transmission in the range of 400 nm - 550 nm: 60 - 85%.

These panes have a faint bronze color. They also have a pleasant color in reflected light, which also has a favorable effect on the appearance of the choir eye.

The physiological properties of the windows are of great importance to the cross. The trials have shown that most of the people who have test cards with such windows have improved visual acuity, ie. that the contour of objects observed through such panes appears more sharp. The reduction of the transmission for the short wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum is sufficient to effectively counteract the disruptive effect of these waves in severe weather and in rainy weather. Conveniently, the transmission in the range of 550 to 580 nm is higher than the transmission in the neighboring regions, while the enhanced transmission is already present in the range of 500 to 550 nm. The latter feature gives a higher visibility in the period around sunset, as the maximum of the spectral sensitivity characteristic of an eye that has adapted to darkness is significantly shifted in comparison with the spectral sensitivity characteristic of an eye in full daylight. in the direction of the short wavelengths. There is a marked decrease in the transmission of the short-bellowed area of visible light and it is sufficient to effectively reduce the disruptive effect of these bellows lengths in raging and rainy weather. In addition to these favorable, measurable physiological effects, there is excellent visual acuity through such panes, which are therefore extremely suitable for vehicles.

The transmission, of course, depends on the thickness of the glass pane and therefore the amount of dye added must be selected depending on the desired transmission and the thickness the car pane must have.

Conveniently, as a staining component, the glass composition may contain 0-25 ppm NiO and 0 - 50 ppm Cr 2 O 2.

Conveniently, the spectral transmission in the region of the short bellows, visible light between 500 and 550 nm may be higher than in the region below 500 nm.

Optionally, the vehicle's side windows may consist of similar glass, optionally multi-colored, increasing protection against the infrared rays, accepting a relatively weaker transparency. For the side windows, windows are preferably used where the transmission is approx. 65% between 400 and 550 nm and approx. 76% between 550 and 750 nm. As for the windshield, a higher mean transmission with a value of approx. 70% in the region of the short wavelengths and of approx.

80% in the region of the large wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum.

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X according to the invention, the pane has a light transmission factor Y located between 76 and 79.5% at a thickness of 3 mm and with a normal angle of incidence, a dominant wavelength between 574 and 580 and a color unit number P 1 between 2 and 5%. The experiments have shown that silicate glass satisfying these conditions is suitable for forming solid panes having a thickness of 3 to 5 mm for the manufacture of the side windows of the vehicle or having a thickness of 2 to 3 mm for producing a colored glass plate. which forms part of a laminate pane forming the front pane.

The drawing shows the transmission characteristics of various glazing vehicles which are designed in accordance with the invention. These panes are made by means of dyed silicon-sodium-calcium glass in which a small amount of selenium and oxides of iron, cobalt, nickel and / or chromium are added in a composition used in bronze-colored panes of in and for known species, but with a much weaker coloring.

The transmission characteristics of the glass types used depend on the glass thickness and are indicated here for a thickness of 3 mm. As a light source, a standard light source C has been used according to the standards of the La Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage. Otherwise, this is not of great importance since the transmission characteristic of the examined glass species is somewhat flat.

The following examples indicate for each glass the composition and content of dyes as well as the following optical data for the light source C: - light transmission factor Y, - trichromatic coordinates x and y, - dominant wavelength Λβ, - color unit number P, --------- ------------ cj

DK 157318 B

- energy transmission factor FET.

Furthermore, the transmission characteristics of the individual types of glass are shown in the drawing.

Example I

For the manufacture of approx. 100 kilograms of glass are used for the following vitrifying mixture:

Kg - Nephelinsyenite 1.41 - Dolomite 23.39 - Limestone 1.77 - Nemours sand 71.03 - 99.5% sodium sulfate 1.20 - Sodium carbonate 22.88 - Iron kit 0.2230 - Selenium 0.0140 - Cobalt oxide 0.0024

The theoretical, ie. calculated composition of the glass is: - SiO ^ 71.60% by weight - Al 2 O 3 0.40 - CaO 9.40 - MgO 4.00 - Na 2 O 14.00 - K 2 O 0.12 - SO 3 0.68 - Fe 2 O 3 0.2366 - - See 0.0140 - - CoO 0.0022 -

It is known that as the mixture melts, certain constituents, especially among the dyes, disappear. Therefore, the glass has been analyzed, especially with regard to the content of the dye, and the following results have been found: - Total iron content (Fe2 O3) 0.23% - Selenium 0.0024% - CoO 0.0019%

The optical properties are as follows: * - Y 78.7% - x 0.3136% - y 0.3192% - λ __579__ nm

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- F 2.00% c - FET '77.6%

The transmission characteristic of this glass is denoted by 1.

Example II

The same vitriolable mixture is used as in Example I, except that to reduce the transmission in the infrared range, a slightly larger amount of jerricite is used, namely 0.2933% (0.2816 kg per 100 kg vitreous mixture). ) instead of 0.2366%.

The analysis of the dyes in this glass mixture has given the following results: - Total iron content 0, .28% - - - - Selenium ------------------- 0.0023% - CoO 0.0019%

The optical properties are as follows: - Y 77.5% - x 0.3144% - y 0.3201% - ^ - 578 nm - P 2.00% c - FET 75.2%

The transmission characteristic of this glass is shown at 2 in the same graph.

as the characteristic 1.

The comparison between the two characteristics shows that the transmission in the infrared range is slightly smaller for the glass of Example II than for the glass of Example I.

Example III

For the manufacture of approx. 100 kg of glass is used for the following vitriolable mixture: kg - Nepheline syenite 1.41 - Dolomite 23,39 - Limestone 1> 77 - Nemours sand 70,97 t - 99,5% sodium sulphate 0,88 - Sodium carbonate 22,86 - Sodium nitrate 0.40 - Iron Kit 0.3192

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- Selenium 0.0105 - Cobalt Oxide 0.00145

The theoretical, ie. calculated composition is as follows: - SiO2 71.60% by weight - Al2 O3 0.40 - CaO 9.40 - MgO 4.00 - Na2 O14 - K20 0.12 - SO3 0.50 - Fe2 O3 0.40 - See 0.0105 - CoO 0.00132

The analysis of the dyes (by X-fluorescence) gives the following results: - Total iron content (Fe2 O3) 0.398% - Selenium 0.00112% - CoO 0.00147%

The optical properties are as follows: - Y 77.7% - x 0.3161% - y 0.3239% - λ 574 nm - P 3.7% c * - FET 70.9%

The transmission characteristic of this glass mixture is shown at 3.

It will be seen that the transmission in the infrared range is significantly smaller than that of the glass mixtures according to Examples I and II, which is due to a greater content of iron oxide.

Example IV

For this glaze, a slightly different glass composition is used with the following theoretical composition: - SiO2 70.91% - Al2 O3 1.16% - CaO 9.25% - Mg 4.32% ____________- Ha-0 __________________________________________ 13.65%

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- Κ, Ο 0.56 Z

As a dye, this glass contains iron oxide, selenium, cobalt oxide and a small amount of nickel oxide. The analysis of the dyes has given the following results: - Total iron content ^ 20 ^) 0.38 - Selenium 0.0007 - CoO 0.0014 - NiO 0.0023

The optical properties are as follows: - Y 78.7% - x 0.3168% - y 0.3245% - D 575 nm - P 4% c - FET 72.3%

The transmission characteristic of this type of glass is denoted by 4, and it turns out that it is very close to the characteristic of the glass according to Example III.

The glass mixture according to the two following examples is considered particularly suitable for the manufacture of laminate panes, especially for forming the stained glass sheet.

The following examples indicate the data for such laminate panes.

Example V

A laminate pane is prepared by forming a 3 mm thick plate of colored glass according to Example III, a 3 mm thick plate of unstained glass and a 0.76 mm thick polyvinyl butyral intermediate layer. After bonding, the laminate pane has a total thickness of 6.40 mm. The laminate pane exhibits the following optical properties: - Y 74.8% - x 0.3170% - y 0.3266% P 572 nm - P 4.6% c - FET 64.3%

The transmission characteristic of this laminate pane is shown at 5 and can be compared with characteristic 3.

Example VI

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A laminate pane is prepared by forming a 3 mm thick plate of colored glass according to Example IV, a 3 mm thick plate of unstained glass and a 0.76 mm thick polyvinyl butyral intermediate layer.

After adhesion, the laminate pane has a total thickness of 6.52 mm. The optical properties are as follows: - Y 75.8% - x 0.3183% - y 0.3276% D 573 nm - P 5.3% - FET 65.3%

The transmission characteristic of this laminate pane is shown at 6.

The characteristic shown at 7 applies to a colored pane of the kind described in French Patent Specification 2 082 459, which pane is 4.8 mm thick and is shaped as a single, hardened pane and used as a side pane or rear window of a vehicle. The total light transmission is 71%. In the short wavelengths of the visible part of the spectrum, ie. below 550 nm, the mean value of the transmission is 67%, while in the region of the large wavelengths, ie. above 550 nm, is approx. 83%. The transmission in the infrared range is 65-80%, but this area has no bearing on the solution of the optical task that inventions deal with. In the ultraviolet range, the transmission decreases sharply for wavelengths below 400 nm.

The characteristic shown by 8 is the transmission characteristic of a laminate pane with a total thickness of 6 mm, in which one silicate glass plate consists of glass according to Example 7. The total transmission of the pane in the visible part of the spectrum is 75.5%. For the short wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, ie. below 550 nm, the mean of the transmission is approx. 73% and for the large wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum, ie. above 550 nm, it is approx. 77%. The transmission in the infrared range is approx. 78% on average.

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Claims (6)

1. Use of a stained glass pane based on baking soda-lime-silicate glass with 0.2 - 0.5 wt% Fe2 ° 3 * 5-25 ppm Se and 0 - 20 ppm CoO as staining components for high transmittance keratus glazing in the long arcuate light range from 550 nm to 750 nm and a steep decrease in transmissivity in the ultraviolet region, whereby the staining components are so adjusted to the thickness of the glass pane that the following conditions are met: - total transmission in the visible range: at least 70%, - transmission in the range of 550 nm - 750 nm: 75 - 90%, - transmission in the range of 400 nm - 550 nm: 60 - 85%. Use of a stained glass pane according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass composition as coloring agents additionally comprises 0-25 ppm NiO and 0 - 50 ppm (h ^ O ^. Use of a stained glass pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spectral transmission in the visible region between 550 and 580 nm has a higher value than in neighboring areas. Use of a stained glass pane according to claims 1-3, characterized in that in the region of the short-wave visible light the transmission is between 500 and 550 nm higher than in the area below 500 nm. Use of a stained glass pane according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the dominant wavelength is between 570 and 580 nm and the color unit number is 2-6%. Use of a stained glass pane according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by an energy transmission factor FET less than 66%.