DK157274B

DK157274B - EMERGENCY POWER UNIT

Info

Publication number: DK157274B
Application number: DK432281A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Soeren Henrik Nielsen Rathmann
Original assignee: Silcon Elektronik As
Priority date: 1981-09-30
Filing date: 1981-09-30
Publication date: 1989-11-27
Also published as: DK157274C; DK432281A

Description

DK 157274 BDK 157274 B

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Den foreliggende opfindelse angâr et n0dstr0msaggregat af den i krav l's indledning angivne art. Et sâdant aggre-gat kendes fra DE-A-22 50 437.The present invention relates to an emergency power supply of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1. Such an aggregate hole is known from DE-A-22 50 437.

Ved dette kendte aggregat drives de som thyristorer ud-5 formede ventiler i str0mretterens diagonale brogrene med en til vekselstromsgeneratorens frekvens svarende grundskifte-frekvens sâledes at de skiftevist er samtidigt ledende og samtidigt spærrende. Derved styres ventilernes stromvinkel gennem vekselspændingsregulatoren pâ en sâdan mâde, at vek-10 selspændingen pâ vekselretterens vekselspændingsside i det væsentlige forbliver konstant. Nâr imidlertid ved opladet batteri vekselstromsgeneratorens vekselspænding bliver sa stor, at den overstiger vekselspændingen pâ stromretterens vekselspændingsside, medens samtidig belastningen er meget 15 lille, kan der ved en given strombegrænsningsimpedans opstâ reguleringsvanskeligheder, da den nodvendige spændingsde-ling mellem strombegrænsningsmodstanden og stromretterens ud-gangsmodstand ikke mere sikres til opnâelse af en konstant vekselspænding over forbrugeren. Ydermere stiger forbruger-20 spændingen proportionalt med vekselspændingsgeneratorens ud-gangsspænding. I den ufiltrerede, i hver halvperiode kun en firkantsimpuls udvisende vekselspænding pâ stromretterens vekselspændingsside findes sâledes forholdsvis lavfrekvente overtoner, hvis frafiltrering til opnâelse af en sinusformet 25 udgangsspænding kræver et stort opbud af fiItérélementer som pâ grund af de uundgàelige tab ogsâ forringer den samlede virkningsgrad.In this known unit, the valves designed as thyristors are driven in the diagonal bridges of the current converter with a fundamental switching frequency corresponding to the frequency of the alternator so that they are alternately conductive and blocking at the same time. Thereby, the current angle of the valves is controlled through the AC regulator in such a way that the AC voltage on the AC side of the inverter remains substantially constant. However, when with a charged battery, the AC voltage of the AC generator becomes so large that it exceeds the AC voltage on the AC side of the inverter, while at the same time the load is very small, with a given current limiting impedance, regulation difficulties may arise. more is ensured to achieve a constant alternating voltage across the consumer. Furthermore, the consumer voltage increases in proportion to the output voltage of the alternating voltage generator. In the unfiltered, in each half-period only a square impulse exhibiting AC voltage on the AC side of the current converter, there are thus relatively low-frequency harmonics, the filtering out of which to obtain a sinusoidal output voltage requires a large supply of filter elements due to the total losses and losses.

Formâlet med opfindelsen er at anvise et nodstromsaggre-gat af den indledningsvist omhandlede art med hvilket det ved 30 enklere opbygning og storre virkningsgrad er muligt at udlig-ne storre fejlstorrelser i vekselspændingen pâ stromretterens vekselstromsside.The object of the invention is to provide an emergency current generator of the type initially referred to with which it is possible to compensate for larger error magnitudes in the alternating voltage on the alternating current side of the inverter with simpler construction and greater efficiency.

Dette opnâs ifolge opfindelsen ved den i krav 1 anviste konstruktion.This is achieved according to the invention by the construction indicated in claim 1.

35 Ved denne konstruktion er det muligt at drive stromrette- ren som yderligere bêlastning for vekselspændingsgeneratoren,With this construction it is possible to operate the current converter as an additional load for the alternating voltage generator,

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- 2 - soin drager omsorg for en tilsvarende opdeling af forbrugs-spændingen over strambegrænsermodstanden. Vekselspændingen ved forbrugeren forbliver derfor konstant over et starre indstil1ingsomrâde.- 2 - soin takes care of a corresponding distribution of the consumption voltage across the limit limiter resistor. The alternating voltage at the consumer therefore remains constant over a rigid setting range.

5 Opfindelsen skal i det falgende forklares nærmere i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et principkoblingsskema for nad-stramsaggregatet ifalge opfindelsen med tilsluttet vekselstramsforbruger 10 og vekselstramsgenerator, fig. 2 et mere udfarligt koblingsskema af den brokobling, soin forekommer i fig. 1, med en belastning som omfatter veksel-stramsgeneratoren og forbrugeren, 15 fig. 3 og 4 spændings- og stramforlab til for- klaring af den réversible stramretters virkemâde, fig. 5 et mere udfarligt koblingsskema for nadstramsaggregatet i fig. 1, 20 fig. 6 et principkoblingsskema for et modifi- ceret nadstramsaggregat i henhold til opfindelsen, og fig. 7 skematisk og delvis i snit en transfor-mator, som indgâr i aggregatet ifalge 25 fig. 6.The invention will be explained in more detail below in connection with the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a principle circuit diagram of the nad-tightening unit according to the invention with connected alternating current consumer 10 and alternating current generator, fig. 2 is a more detailed circuit diagram of the bridge coupling which appears in FIG. 1, with a load comprising the alternator and the consumer, FIG. Figs. 3 and 4 show tension and tightening loops to explain the operation of the reversible tightener, fig. 5 is a more detailed circuit diagram of the power supply assembly of FIG. 1, 20 fig. Fig. 6 is a principle circuit diagram of a modified power supply assembly according to the invention; 7 is a schematic and partly sectional view of a transformer which is included in the assembly according to FIG. 6.

I fig. 1 er vist en vekselstramsforbruger 1, f.eks. en induktiv impedans, som via en forbrugertilslutning 2 til nadstramsaggregatet 1 stadig er forbundet med en vek-selspændingstilslutning 3 pâ en reversibel stramretter 6, 30 som med en jævnspændingstilslutning 4 er tilkoblet et op-ladeligt batteri 5 og omfatter en brokobling 6a af styr-bare ventiler og til disse antiparallelkoblede tilbagefa-ringsdioder samt en styreenhed 6b i form af en impuls-breddemodulator. Endvidere kan vekselspændingstilslutnin-35 gen 3 til den réversible stramretter 6 henholdsvis forbru-gertilslutningen 2 via en afbryder henholdsvis skilleafbry- - 3 -In FIG. 1 shows an alternating current consumer 1, e.g. an inductive impedance which is still connected via a consumer connection 2 to the power supply unit 1 to an alternating voltage connection 3 on a reversible tensioner 6, 30 which is connected to a rechargeable battery 5 by a direct voltage connection 4 and comprises a bridge coupling 6a of controllable valves and to these anti-parallel feedback diodes as well as a control unit 6b in the form of a pulse width modulator. Furthermore, the alternating voltage connection 3 to the reversible tensioner 6 or the consumer connection 2 can be connected via a switch or isolating switch.

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der 7 og en dermed seriekoblet udlignings- eller strombe-grænsningsmodstand 8 kobles til en tilslutning 9 for en vekselstromsgenerator 10, eksempelvis det sædvanlige lys-net. En spændingsfoler 11 tilsluttet forbindelsen mellem 5 vekselstremsgeneratortilslutning og skilleafbryder 7 udlæser automatisk denne forbindelse ved hjælp af skilleafbryderen 7, nâr spændingen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 henholds-vis netspændingen falder ud pâ grund af et ledningsbrud eller en kortslutning.there 7 and an equalization or current limiting resistor 8 connected in series therewith is connected to a connection 9 for an alternating current generator 10, for example the usual light network. A voltage sensor 11 connected to the connection between 5 alternator generator connection and isolating switch 7 automatically outputs this connection by means of the isolating switch 7 when the voltage from the alternating current generator 10 or the mains voltage drops out due to a line break or a short circuit.

10 En batterispændingsregulator 12, som med sin mâleværdi- indgang er forbundet med jævnspændingstilslutningen pâ den réversible stremretter 6 henholdsvis med batteriet 5, sty-rer via en frekvensregulator 12a fasestillingen af rektan-gulære styreimpulser, som tilfores styretilslutninger til· 15 de styrbare ventiler, fortrinsvis transistorer, i brokob-lingen 6 via impulsbreddemodulatoren 6b. Styreimpulserne bliver forskudt sâledes med hensyn til fasestilling i for-hold til udgangsvekselspændingen fra vekselstromsgenerato-ren 10, at der ved for lav batterispænding gennemsnitlig 20 flyder en stærkere pulserende jævnstrom fra vekselstroms-generatoren 10 over den réversible stromretter 6 og til-slutningen 4 til batteriet 5 end fra batteriet 5 via til-slutningen 4 til den réversible stremretter 6 og forbruge-ren 1. Derved bliver batteriet 5 ladet op til den tilsig-25 tede enskeværdi, dvs. at batterispændingen bliver stabili-seret uafhængig af belastningen med forbrugeren 1.A battery voltage regulator 12, which with its measured value input is connected to the DC voltage connection on the reversible current rectifier 6 or to the battery 5, controls via a frequency regulator 12a the phase position of rectangular control pulses which are supplied to control connections to the controllable valves. transistors, in the bridge coupling 6 via the pulse width modulator 6b. The control pulses are shifted so as to phase position relative to the output AC voltage from the AC generator 10 that at too low a battery voltage on average a stronger pulsating DC current flows from the AC generator 10 over the reversible current rectifier 6 and the connection 4 to the battery. 5 than from the battery 5 via the connection 4 to the reversible rectifier 6 and the consumer 1. Thereby the battery 5 is charged up to the intended single value, i.e. that the battery voltage is stabilized independently of the load on the consumer 1.

Pâ den anden side styrer en vekselspændingsregulator 13, hvis mâleværdiindgang er forbundet med tilslutningen 3, via impulsbreddemodulatoren 6b ved gentaget afbrydelse af 30 hver styreimpuls for den réversible stromretters ventiler og dermed af selve ventilerne under hver période impuls-pauseforholdet for hver ventil henholdsvis for ventilerne, sâledes at den vekselspænding, som frembringes ved tilslutningen 3 ved filtrering af ventilernes rektangulære udgangs-35 impulser, beholder en konstant effektivværdi.On the other hand, an AC voltage regulator 13, whose measured value input is connected to the connection 3, controls via the pulse width modulator 6b by repeatedly disconnecting each control pulse for the reversible current rectifier valves and thus by the valves themselves during each period pulse pause ratio for each valve and valves, respectively. so that the alternating voltage generated at the connection 3 by filtering the rectangular output pulses of the valves retains a constant effective value.

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Hvis vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 henholdsvis nettet og dermed den normale driftsvekselspænding ved n0dstr0msaggre-gatets vekselspændingstilslutning 9 faider ud, âbner spæn-dingsfoleren 11 straks skilleafbryderen 7, som foretrukket 5 er udfort som elektronisk afbryder, sâ forbrugeren 1, uden at dens driftsstrom bliver afbrudt, nu fedes fra batteriet 5 via den réversible stromretter 6, som da drives som vek-selretter. Herunder bevirker regulatoren 13 fortsat en stabilisering af vekselspændingen pâ tilslutningen 3 hen-10 holdsvis pâ forbrugeren 1, indtil batteriet 5 er udladet. Hensigtsmæssigt er kapaciteten af batteriet 5 imidlertid sâledes afpasset, at dets normale opladning rækker til fortsat at forsyne forbrugeren med tilstrækkelig energi, indtil den skade, som har fort til udfald af vekselstroms-15 generatoren henholdsvis af netvekselspændingen, er afhjul- pet.If the alternator 10 or the mains and thus the normal operating voltage at the AC power supply connection 9 of the emergency power supply fails, the voltage sensor 11 immediately opens the isolating switch 7, which is preferably designed as an electronic switch, so that the consumer 1 is not disrupted. from the battery 5 via the reversible current converter 6, which is then operated as an inverter. In this case, the regulator 13 continues to cause a stabilization of the alternating voltage on the connection 3, respectively on the consumer 1, until the battery 5 is discharged. Conveniently, however, the capacity of the battery 5 is adjusted so that its normal charge is sufficient to continue to supply the consumer with sufficient energy until the damage which has led to failure of the AC generator 15 or of the mains AC voltage has been remedied.

Nâr den normale driftsvekselspænding igen foreligger pâ nedstremsaggregatets vekselstr0mstilslutning 9, bliver af-bryderen 7 automatisk sluttet med spændingsfeleren 11, og 20 forbrugeren fedes igen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10. Sam-tidig sorger regulatoren 12 for genopladning af batteriet 5 via den réversible stremretter 6, som da overvejende virker som ensretter.When the normal operating AC voltage is again present at the downstream unit's AC connection 9, the switch 7 is automatically connected to the voltage fault 11, and the consumer is fed again from the AC generator 10. At the same time, the regulator 12 recharges the battery 5 via the reversible current rectifier 6. predominantly acts as a rectifier.

Fig. 2 viser i forenklet form brokoblingen 6a med ven-25 tiler, som danner en vekselretter og udgores af fire transi-storer 14-17 og fire tilbageforingsdioder 18-21, som er kob-let antiparallelt til hver sin af transistorerne, og som danner en ensretter, samt med et filter- og transformator-trin 22 pâ vekselstromssiden i den midterste brogren, Vek-30 selstremsgenerator 10, forbruger 1 og strembegrænsningsmod-stand 8 er pâ fig. 2 sammenfattet til en last 23 med impe-dans Z. Styreimpulserne til brokoblingen 6a er vist som rektangelimpulser med et fast impulsforhold (impulstid : période) pâ 1:2 henholdsvis et impuls-pauseforhold pâ 1:1, 35 men kan ved hjælp af batterispændingsregulatoren 12, som ikke er vist i fig. 2, reguleres med hensyn til fasestilling i forhold til vekselspændingen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 i lasten 23 ved samme periodelængde som vekselspændingenFIG. 2 shows in simplified form the bridge coupling 6a with valves which form an inverter and consist of four transistors 14-17 and four feedback diodes 18-21, which are coupled antiparallel to each of the transistors and which form a rectifier, as well as with a filter and transformer stage 22 on the alternating current side in the middle bridge branch, alternating current generator 10, consumer 1 and current limiting resistor 8 are shown in fig. 2 combined to a load 23 with impedance Z. The control pulses for the bridge coupling 6a are shown as rectangular pulses with a fixed pulse ratio (pulse time: period) of 1: 2 and a pulse-break ratio of 1: 1, 35, respectively, but can be used by the battery voltage regulator 12, which is not shown in FIG. 2, is regulated with respect to the phase position in relation to the alternating voltage from the alternating current generator 10 in the load 23 at the same period length as the alternating voltage

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- 5 - frà vekselstromsgeneratoren 10, Denne faseforskydning be-tyder, at en strom I , som pâ udgangssiden flyder til la-sten 23, far en faseforskydning i forhold til udgangsspæn-dingen U pâ lasten 23 med en vinkel φ , som er en funktion a.- 5 - from the alternator 10. This phase shift means that a current I, which on the output side flows to the load 23, has a phase shift relative to the output voltage U on the load 23 with an angle φ, which is a function a.

5 af styreimpulsernes faseforskydning i forhold til veksel-spændingen fra vekselstramsgeneratoren 10, af effektfakto-ren hos forbrugeren 1 samt af strambegrænsningsmodstanden 8. Alt i ait kan lasten 23 betragtes som en forbruger med resulterende effekt faktor cos<p, som kan varieres i afhængig-10 hed af faseforskydningen af styreimpulserne.5 of the phase shift of the control pulses in relation to the alternating voltage from the alternating voltage generator 10, of the power factor of the consumer 1 and of the voltage limiting resistor 8. All in ait, the load 23 can be considered as a consumer with resulting power factor cos <p, which can be varied depending 10 of the phase shift of the control pulses.

Med de storrelser, som er angivet i fig. 2 - transi-storstrommene 1^ til Idiodestremmene I1Q til I21, bat-teristrommen Ig, udgangsstrammen Ia og udgangsspændingen U_ - fâs for forskellige faseforskydninger af styreimpulser-15 ne og tilsvarende forskellige effektfaktorer for lasten 23, henholdsvis faseforskydninger p mellem Ia og UQ, eksempel-vis spændings- og stromforleb som vist i fig. 3. Transistor strommene til I^ aftages fra batteriet, medens diodestrammene til flyder tilbage til batteriet.With the sizes indicated in fig. 2 - the transistor currents 1 1 to the idiode currents I1Q to I21, the battery current Ig, the output current Ia and the output voltage U_ - are obtained for different phase shifts of the control pulses and correspondingly different power factors for the load 23, respectively phase shifts p between Ia and UQ, example show voltage and current profile as shown in fig. 3. The transistor currents to I ^ are removed from the battery while the diode currents to flow back to the battery.

20 Som vist i fig. 3 aftager middelværdien af transistorstram-mene 1^ til I^ med faldende effektfaktor hos lasten 23, dvs. med tiltagende faseforskydningsvinkel é fra et maksi-mum ved cosp = 1 til et minimum ved cos<p = 0. Den transi-storstrom, som aftages fra batteriet ved cost> = 1 og ved 25 cosΦ = 0, bliver i middel stærkere end den tilbageforte diodestr0m, medens den watteffekt, som afgives til lasten ved cosd) = 0, er nul, da der i middel bliver udtaget lige sâ megen stram fra batteriet 5 via transistorerne, som der fores tilbage via dioderne. Det vil sige, i omrâdet for po-30 sitive effektfaktorer for lasten 23, f.eks. ved cos<p= 1 el-ler cos<p = 0,7 sker der i middel en udladning af batteriet 5, dog sâledes at udladningsstrammen Ig aftager ved afta-gende effektfaktor cos<p(fig. 3 nederst). Er effektfaktoren cos<J) =0, sâ er ogsâ batteristrammen Ig = 0, og der sker 35 hverken nogen afladning eller nogen opladning af batteriet 5, sâ forbrugeren fades alene fra vekselstramsgeneratoren 10. 0ges faseforskydningen af styreimpulserne for brokob-lingen 6a imidlertid yderligere, sâ faseforskydningsvinklen - 6 -As shown in FIG. 3, the mean value of the transistor currents 1 1 to 1 2 decreases with decreasing power factor of the load 23, i.e. with increasing phase shift angle é from a maximum at cosp = 1 to a minimum at cos <p = 0. The transistor current, which is taken from the battery at cost> = 1 and at 25 cosΦ = 0, becomes on average stronger than the returned diode current, while the wattage power delivered to the load at cosd) = 0 is zero, as on average just as much current is drawn from the battery 5 via the transistors as is fed back via the diodes. That is, in the range of positive power factors for the load 23, e.g. at cos <p = 1 or cos <p = 0.7, the battery 5 is discharged on average, however, so that the discharge current Ig decreases with decreasing power factor cos <p (Fig. 3 at the bottom). If the power factor cos <J) = 0, then also the battery voltage Ig = 0, and there is neither any discharge nor any charging of the battery 5, so that the consumer is faded only from the alternator 10. Generator, however, the phase shift of the control pulses for the bridge coupling 6a is further , so the phase shift angle - 6 -

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sluttelig bliver st0rre end 90°, dvs. effektfaktoren cos-J bliver negativ, sâ betyder det, at den hidtil passive last nu er blevet en aktiv last, som i middel ikke optager, men afgiver watteffekt. Middelværdien af de diodestromme I^g 5 til I21> som fores tilbage til batteriet 5, overstiger da middelværdien af de transistorstromme 1^ til I^y, som af-tages fra batteriet 5, og batteriet 5 bliver ladet op. Ved tilsvarende styring af styreimpulsernes faseforskydning ved hjælp af regulatoren 12 bliver det pà denne mâde opnâet, at 10 batterispændingen bliver holdt konstant pâ en indstillet onskeværdi.finally becomes greater than 90 °, i.e. If the power factor cos-J becomes negative, this means that the hitherto passive load has now become an active load which, on average, does not absorb but emits wattage power. The average value of the diode currents I ^ g 5 to I21> which is fed back to the battery 5 then exceeds the average value of the transistor currents I ^ g to I ^ y which are taken from the battery 5 and the battery 5 is charged. By correspondingly controlling the phase shift of the control pulses by means of the controller 12, it is thus achieved that the battery voltage is kept constant at a set desired value.

Hvis nu hver styreimpuls efter tur desuden bliver im-pulsbreddemoduleret ved ind- og udkobling, er det pâ denne mâde ogsâ muligt at styre middelværdien af strommen I , sâ-15 ledes at vekselspændingen U„ pâ lasten forbliver konstant.If now each control pulse in turn is also pulse-width modulated by switching on and off, it is also possible in this way to control the average value of the current I, so that the alternating voltage U „on the load remains constant.

OISLAND

Fig. 4 viser dette ved eksempler pâ forskellige belastnin-ger og effektfaktorer. Her er impulsbreddemodulationen ved hjælp af regulatoren 13 uafhængig af fasereguleringen ved hjælp af regulatoren 12, sâ bâde batterispændingen og vek-20 selspændingen pâ forbrugeren 1 kan reguleres uafhængig af hinanden ved hjælp af de to regulatorer 12 og 13.FIG. 4 shows this by examples of different loads and power factors. Here, the pulse width modulation by means of the regulator 13 is independent of the phase regulation by means of the regulator 12, so that both the battery voltage and the alternating voltage on the consumer 1 can be regulated independently of each other by means of the two regulators 12 and 13.

Hvis vekselspændingen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 ved opladet batteri 5 skulle stige overdrevent hojt, sâ den bliver væsentlig hojere end vekselspændingen ved tilslutnin-25 gen 3 til den réversible stromretter 6, medens belastningen 17 desuden er meget lille, kan reguleringen ved en given im-pedans af strombegrænsningsmodstanden 8 byde pâ vanskelighe-der: Den spændingsdeling mellem strambegrænsningsmodstan- den 8 og den réversible stromretters udgangsmodstand, som 30 skal til for at give en konstant spænding, er ikke længere mulig; den réversible stromretters udgangsspænding stiger proportionalt med spændingen fra vekselstremsgeneratoren 10. Disse vanskeligheder kan undgâs, ved at den réversible strom-retter 6, ved hjælp af regulatoren 13 og impulsbreddemodula-35 toren 6b, drives som en ved omkobling styret belastningsmod-stand, idet transistorerne 15 og 17 er skiftevis koblet umoduleret med et tastforhold pâ 50%, og transistorerne 14 og 16 skiftevis kobles impulsbreddemoduleret med hojere impuls-If the AC voltage from the AC generator 10 at charged battery 5 should rise excessively high so that it becomes significantly higher than the AC voltage at the connection 3 to the reversible current rectifier 6, while the load 17 is also very small, the regulation at a given impedance of the current limiting resistor 8 presents difficulties: The voltage division between the current limiting resistor 8 and the output resistance of the reversible current rectifier, which is required to provide a constant voltage, is no longer possible; the output voltage of the reversible current converter increases in proportion to the voltage of the alternator 10. These difficulties can be avoided by operating the reversible current converter 6 by means of the regulator 13 and the pulse width modulator 6b as a switch-controlled load resistor, the transistors 15 and 17 are alternately switched unmodulated with a key ratio of 50%, and transistors 14 and 16 are alternately switched pulse width modulated with higher pulse ratios.

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- 7 - frekvens. En str0mgennemgang i batteriet 5 bliver da for-hindret, og parallelt med forbrugeren 1 ligger en kunstig belastningsmodstand, som bevirker tilsvarende mindskning af udgangsspændingen Ua pâ tilslutningen 3 og dermed pâ 5 forbrugeren 1 til onskeværdien.- 7 - frequency. A current passage in the battery 5 is then prevented, and parallel to the consumer 1 lies an artificial load resistor, which causes a corresponding reduction of the output voltage Ua on the connection 3 and thus on the consumer 1 to the desired value.

Fig. 5 viser et mere udf0rligt koblingsskema for nod-stromsaggregatet. Her har batterispændingsregulatoren 12 en differentialforstærker 24, en forbindelse mellem dens ikke inverterende indgang og tilslutningen 4 i form af en 10 spœndingsdeler med udglatningskondensator, samt en zener-diode, som leverer onskeværdispændingen, ved den inverterende indgang til differentialforstærkeren 24.FIG. 5 shows a more detailed wiring diagram for the emergency power supply. Here, the battery voltage regulator 12 has a differential amplifier 24, a connection between its non-inverting input and the connection 4 in the form of a voltage divider with smoothing capacitor, and a zener diode which supplies the desired value voltage at the inverting input of the differential amplifier 24.

Indstillingssignalet pâ udgangssiden fra regulatoren 12 bliver overlejret indstillingssignalet fra frekvensregu-15 latoren 12a i et summeringsled 25. Indstillingssignalet fra frekvensregulatoren 12a frembringes af en fasesammenlig-ner 26, som sammenligner faserne af rektangelsignaler, dan-net ved omformning i en impulsformer 27 af vekselspændinger, som stammer henholdsvis fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 og 20 fra brokoblingen 6a, og omformer fasedifferencen til en tilsvarende jævnspænding. Sumsignalet fra summeringsleddet 25 bliver via en skilleafbryder 28 tilfort en spændingsstyret oscillator 29, hvis frekvens er proportional med dens styre-spænding. Udgangssignalet fra oscillatoren 29 bestemmer 25 grundkoblingsfrekvensen for ventilerne i brokoblingen 6a og bliver pâ den beskrevne mâde impulsbreddemoduleret ved hjælp af udgangssignalet fra vekselspændingsregulatoren 13, sâle-des at udgangsvekselspændingen fra brokoblingen 6a ved tilslutningen 3 ganske vist har samme frekvens som vekselspæn-30 dingen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10, men er faseforskudt en vinkel i forhold til denne spænding, sàledes at man fâr den onskede ladespænding til batteriet 5, nâr udgangssignalet fra summeringsleddet 25 er nul eller næsten nul.The setting signal on the output side of the controller 12 is superimposed on the setting signal from the frequency controller 12a in a summing term 25. The setting signal from the frequency controller 12a is produced by a phase comparator 26 which compares the phases of rectangle signals formed by transformers in an impulse. which originates from the alternator 10 and 20, respectively, from the bridge coupling 6a, and converts the phase difference into a corresponding DC voltage. The sum signal from the summing term 25 is supplied via a isolating switch 28 to a voltage-controlled oscillator 29, the frequency of which is proportional to its control voltage. The output signal from the oscillator 29 determines the basic switching frequency of the valves in the bridge coupling 6a and is in the manner described pulse width modulated by means of the output signal from the alternating voltage regulator 13, so that the output alternating voltage from the bridge switch 30a 10, but is phase-shifted at an angle relative to this voltage, so that the desired charging voltage is obtained for the battery 5, when the output signal from the summing term 25 is zero or almost zero.

Vekselspændingsregulatoren 13 har ligeledes en diffe-35 rentialforstærker 30, som sammenligner den ensrettede og ud-glattede udgangsvekselspænding ved tilslutningen 3 med on-skeværdien af den for udgangsvekselspændingen bestemmende spænding pâ en zenerdiode og tilforer impulsbreddemodulato-The AC regulator 13 also has a differential amplifier 30 which compares the rectified and smoothed AC output at terminal 3 with the desired value of the voltage of the output AC on a zener diode and supplies pulse width modulators.

DK 157274 BDK 157274 B

- 8 - ren 6b som indstillingssignal et signal, soin er proportio-nalt med reguleringsafvigelsen, og hvis storrelse bestemmer impulsbredden.- 6 - pure 6b as a setting signal is a signal which is proportional to the control deviation and whose magnitude determines the pulse width.

I fig. 6 er komponenter svarende til de i nedstroms-5 aggregatet 1 i fig. 1 indgâende forsynet med samme henvis-ningsbetegnelser, og deres opbygning vil ikke blive beskre-vet pâ ny.In FIG. 6 are components corresponding to those in the downstream assembly 1 in fig. 1 shall be provided with the same reference numerals and their structure will not be described again.

Strembegrænsningsmodstanden 8 i nodstrvamsaggregatet 1 ifolge fig. 1 udgares ved den i 'fig. 6 viste modifikation 10 af en spredningstransformator 81, som har tre viklinger 31, 32 og 33 og en jernkerne 34. I stedet for en fælles til-slutning for vekselstremsforbrugeren 1 og vekselstromsgene-ratoren 10 forbundet med nulpunkttilslutningen for den réversible stromretter 6 ved nodstromsaggregatet ifelge fig.The current limiting resistor 8 in the emergency power supply 1 according to fig. 1 is obtained by the device shown in FIG. 6 shows a modification 10 of a scattering transformer 81 having three windings 31, 32 and 33 and an iron core 34. Instead of a common connection for the alternating current consumer 1 and the alternating current generator 10 connected to the zero point connection of the reversible current rectifier 6 at the emergency power supply according to fig.

15 1, findes der for forbrugeren 1 foruden tilslutningen 2 en anden tilslutning 2a og for generatoren 10 foruden tilslutningen 9 en anden tilslutning 9a til nedstremsaggregatet N, hvoraf tilslutningerne 2a, 9a og nulpunkttilslutningen til den réversible stremretter 6a er galvanisk adskilt.15 1, there is for the consumer 1 in addition to the connection 2 a second connection 2a and for the generator 10 in addition to the connection 9 a second connection 9a to the downstream unit N, of which the connections 2a, 9a and the zero point connection to the reversible rectifier 6a are galvanically separated.

20 Viklingen 31 sidder direkte pâ udgangssiden - tilslut ning 3 - af den réversible stromretter 6.20 The winding 31 is located directly on the output side - connection 3 - of the reversible current rectifier 6.

Viklingen 32 er i sin ene ende forbundet med den ene vekselstromsgeneratortilslutning 9 via skilleafbryderen 7 og i sin anden ende direkte forbundet med den anden veksel-25 stremsgeneratortilslutning 9a. Viklingen 33 ligger direkte mellem forbrugertilslutningerne 2 og 2a, medens tilslutningen 3 til den réversible stramafbryder 6 fortsat er direkte forbundet med indgangen til vekselspændingsregulatoren 13, men ikke (direkte) med forbrugertilslutningen 2. Forbruger-30 tilslutningen 2 er derimod direkte forbundet med en indgang til frekvensregulatoren 12a. Spændingsfoleren 11 er indkob-let i forbindelsen mellem vikling 32 og skilleafbryder og udloser automatisk denne forbindelse ved skilleafbryderen 7, nâr spændingen fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 henholdsvis 35 netspændingen faider ud pâ grund af et ledningsbrud eller en kortslutning.The winding 32 is connected at one end to the one alternator generator connection 9 via the isolating switch 7 and at its other end directly to the other alternator generator connection 9a. The winding 33 lies directly between the consumer connections 2 and 2a, while the connection 3 to the reversible circuit breaker 6 remains directly connected to the input of the AC voltage regulator 13, but not (directly) to the consumer connection 2. The consumer 30 connection 2, on the other hand, is directly connected to an input to the frequency controller 12a. The voltage sensor 11 is connected in the connection between winding 32 and isolating circuit breaker and automatically triggers this connection at the isolating circuit breaker 7 when the voltage from the alternator 10 and 35, respectively, the mains voltage fails due to a cable break or a short circuit.

- 9 -- 9 -

DK 15 7 2 7 4 BDK 15 7 2 7 4 B

Batterispændingsregulatoren 12, som med sin mâleværdi-indgang er forbundet med jævnspændingstilslutningen 4 til den réversible str0mafbryder 6 henholdsvis med batteriet 5, styrer via frekvensregulatoren 12a fasestillingen af de 5 rektangulære styreimpulser, som tilferes styretilslutnin-gerne til de styrbare ventiler i brokoblingen 6 via impuls-breddemodulatoren 6b. Disse styreimpulser bliver forskudt sâledes med hensyn til deres fasestilling i forhold til ud-gangsvekselspændingen fra vekselstræmsgeneratoren 10, at io der ved for lav batterispænding gennemsnitlig flyder en sterre pulserende jævnstram fra vekselstromsgeneratoren 10 via transformatoren 8* og den réversible stremretter 6 til batteriet end fra batteriet via den réversible stremretter 6 og transformatoren 8* til forbrugeren 1. Derved bliver 15 batteriet 5 ladet op til den tilsigtede enskeværdi, dvs., at batterispændingen bliver stabiliseret uafhængig af be-lastningen ved forbrugeren 1.The battery voltage regulator 12, which with its measured value input is connected to the direct voltage connection 4 to the reversible circuit breaker 6 or to the battery 5, controls via the frequency regulator 12a the phase position of the 5 rectangular control pulses which are applied to the control connections in the control pulses. the width modulator 6b. These control pulses are shifted so with respect to their phase position relative to the output AC voltage from the AC generator 10 that at too low a battery voltage an average of one star pulsating DC current flows from the AC generator 10 via the transformer 8 * and the reversible battery rectifier 6. via the reversible current converter 6 and the transformer 8 * to the consumer 1. Thereby the battery 5 is charged to the intended single value, i.e. the battery voltage is stabilized independently of the load at the consumer 1.

Pâ den anden side styrer vekselspændingsregulatoren 13, hvis mâleværdiindgang er forbundet med tilslutningen 3 20 via impulsbreddemodulatoren 6b, ved gentaget afbrydelse af hver styreimpuls til den réversible stremretters ventiler og dermed af selve ventilerne under Hiver période impuls-pauseforholdet for hver impuls henholdsvis for ventilerne, sâledes at den vekselspænding, som frembringes ved tilslut-25 ningen 3 ved filtrering af ventilernes rektangulære udgangs-impulser, beholder en konstant effektivværdi.On the other hand, the AC voltage regulator 13, whose measured value input is connected to the connection 3 20 via the pulse width modulator 6b, controls by repeatedly disconnecting each control pulse to the reversible flow rectifier valves and thus by the valves themselves during the Hiver period pulse pause ratio for each pulse or for the valves. that the alternating voltage generated at the connection 3 by filtering the rectangular output pulses of the valves retains a constant effective value.

Hvis vekselstremsgeneratoren 10 henholdsvis nettet og dermed den normale driftsvekselspænding pâ nedstremsaggre-gatets vekselspændingstilslutning 9 faider ud, âbner spæn-30 dingsfoleren 11 straks skilleafbryderen 7, sâ forbrugeren 1, uden at dens driftsstrem bliver afbrudt, nu fedes fra batteriet 5 via den réversible stremretter 6, som nu drives som vekselretter, samt transformatoren 8'. I den forbindelse bevirker regulatoren 14 endvidere en stabilisering af vek-35 selspændingen pâ tilslutningen 3, henholdsvis pâ forbrugeren 1, indtil batteriet 5 er udladet. Hensigtsmæssigt er kapaciteten af batteriet 5 ogsâ her tilpasset sâdan, at dets normale opladning rækker til fortsat at forsyne forbrugerenIf the alternator 10 or the mains supply and thus the normal operating voltage of the AC supply connection 9 of the downstream unit fails, the voltage sensor 11 immediately opens the isolating switch 7 so that the consumer 1, without interrupting its operating current, is now fed from the battery 5 via the reversible , which is now operated as an inverter, as well as the transformer 8 '. In this connection, the regulator 14 further causes a stabilization of the alternating voltage on the connection 3 and on the consumer 1, respectively, until the battery 5 is discharged. Appropriately, the capacity of the battery 5 is also adjusted here so that its normal charge is sufficient to continue to supply the consumer.

DK 157274 BDK 157274 B

- 10 - 1 med tilstrækkelig energi, indtil den skade, som forârsa-gede udfald af vekselstremsgeneratoren henholdsvis netvek-selspændingen, er afhjulpet, Nâr den normale driftsvekselspænding igen foreligger pâ n0dstr0msaggregatets vekselstremsgeneratortilslutning 9, 5 blïver afbryderen 7 automatisk sluttet med spændingsfeleren 11, og forbrugeren 1 fodes igen fra vekselstremsgeneratoren 10 over transformatoren 81. Samtidig sorger regulatoren 12 for genopladning àf batteriet 5 via den réversible strem-retter 6, som nu overvejende virker som ensretter, fra vek-10 selstremsgeneratoren 10 over transformatoren 8*.- 10 - 1 with sufficient energy until the damage caused by the failure of the AC generator or the mains voltage has been remedied. When the normal AC voltage is again present on the AC power supply generator connection 9, 5 the circuit breaker and the circuit breaker 7 automatically switch off. 1 is fed again from the AC generator 10 over the transformer 81. At the same time, the controller 12 provides recharging of the battery 5 via the reversible current converter 6, which now mainly acts as a rectifier, from the AC generator 10 over the transformer 8 *.

Fig. 7 viser i forenklet form opbygningen af spred-ningsfelttransformatoren 8', som sorger for galvanisk ad-skillelse af komponenterne 1, 10 og 6 og samtidig for en strombegrænsning mellem tilslutningerne 3 og 9 og mellem 15 tilslutningerne 2 og 9. Den har en Ul-kerne 34 sammensat af en U-formet kernedel 35 og en I-formet kernedel 36 med mellemliggende luftspalte 37.FIG. 7 shows in simplified form the construction of the scattering field transformer 8 ', which ensures galvanic separation of the components 1, 10 and 6 and at the same time a current limitation between the connections 3 and 9 and between the connections 2 and 9. It has an Ul- core 34 composed of a U-shaped core part 35 and an I-shaped core part 36 with intermediate air gap 37.

Pâ det ene ben af den U-formede kernedel 35 er viklin-gerne 31 og 33 anbragt, medens viklingen 32 er anbragt pâ 20 det andet ben af kernedelen 35· Mellem viklingerne 31 og 32 og mellem viklingerne 32 og 33 fremkommer der pâ grund af deres sterre afstand og luftspalten 37 en væsentlig spredningsfluks, hvis spredningsinduktivitet virker strem-begrænsende, medens viklingerne 31 og 33 er meget fast kob-25 let, sâ at man kan se bort fra deres spredningsinduktivitet.On one leg of the U-shaped core part 35 the windings 31 and 33 are arranged, while the winding 32 is placed on the other leg of the core part 35 · Between the windings 31 and 32 and between the windings 32 and 33 there are due to their star distance and the air gap 37 a significant scattering flux, the scattering inductance of which has a restrictive inductance, while the windings 31 and 33 are very firmly coupled, so that their scattering inductance can be disregarded.

Claims

A downstream power supply for an AC consumer, comprising a connection for an AC generator, a battery which can be charged with unidirectional current from the AC generator, a controllable current rectifier which is arranged between the battery and a consumer connection, an AC voltage regulator. on the AC voltage side of the inverter by pulse width modulation, and a battery voltage regulator for stabilizing the battery voltage, in which unit the battery voltage regulator (12) stabilizes the battery voltage by shifting the AC voltage on the AC voltage side of the reversible inverter (6). 10) output voltage position during phase shift of the control pulses of the reversible mains (6) depending on the battery voltage, at which the alternator (10) can be connected in parallel with the alternating voltage side of the reversible current converter (6), where between the reversible The alternating voltage side (7) of the current rectifier (6) and the alternating current generator connection (9) are arranged as a current limiting resistor (8), and where the rectifier has controllable valves with anti-parallel feedback diodes in bridge coupling, while the valves 1 are connected in series each first and a second valve are energized alternately with a basic switching frequency, characterized in that the first valve (14,16) in each series connection (14,15,16,17) below the second valve (15,17) blocking time by means of the AC voltage regulator (13) via a pulse width modulator by charged battery (5) and for high output voltage from the AC generator (10) pulse width modulating can be switched with a frequency higher than the basic switching frequency. DK 157274 B - 12 -

Emergency power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the setting signal of the battery voltage regulator (12) is superimposed on the setting signal from a frequency regulator (12a), which regulates the fundamental frequency of the control pulses of the reversible current rectifier (6) by comparing the phases. the output AC voltage of the reversible current rectifier (6) and the alternating current generator (10).