DK157270B

DK157270B - Transmission cable

Info

Publication number: DK157270B
Application number: DK507083A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Axel Andersen
Original assignee: Nordiske Kabel Traad
Priority date: 1983-11-04
Filing date: 1983-11-04
Publication date: 1989-11-27
Also published as: DK507083D0; DK507083A; DK157270C

Description

DK 157270 BDK 157270 B

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Transmissionskabel.Transmission cable.

Opfindelsen angâr et transmissionskabel, fortrinsvis til nedlægning i jord, med i længderetningen forl0bene 5 ledere med fast kappe eller beliggende i roi med eller uden tryk- eller trækaflastning, og pâ kendt mâde for-synet med vandstandsene lag og ydre kappe samt et eller flere integrerede tomrer med stor trykfasthed, og med i tomrorene indlagte trækmidler af stâl, métal el-10 1er kunststof til brug ved senere indforing af en el ler flere ledere af kendt type i roret eller rerene.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transmission cable, preferably for laying in soil, longitudinally extending 5 conductors with a fixed jacket or located in a row with or without pressure or tension relief, and in a known manner provided with the water-resistant layers and outer jacket and one or more integrated high pressure fasteners, and with stainless steel pullers embedded in steel, metal or 10 1s of plastic for use in the later insertion of one or more conductors of known type into the rudder or pipes.

Nedlægning af tomror har været kendt i mange âr som et middel til at undgâ opgravning af f.eks. stærkt befær-15 dede vejstrækninger og vejkryds, fordi nye kabler skul- le nedlægges. De kendte tomror bestâr bl.a. af korte sektioner i béton med et antal huiler og er bâde dyre i anskaffelse og lægning. Efter nedlægningen i jorden kan de forskyde sig fra hinanden, uden at det umiddelbart 20 kan konstateres, og det er herefter umuligt at trække kabler igennem dem. Betonhullerne er ru og beskadiger ofte kablernes kapper.The abolition of tomror has been known for many years as a means of avoiding exhumation of e.g. heavily navigated roads and intersections because new cables had to be laid. The known turmoil consists, inter alia, of of short sections in concrete with a number of weeping and are both expensive in procurement and laying. After laying in the ground, they can move apart without being immediately detectable, and it is then impossible to pull cables through them. The concrete holes are rough and often damage the sheaths of the cables.

Der er ogsâ nedlagt PVC rer i meget lange længder, men 25 disse har vist sig at kunne kollapse under jordsætnin- ger og er herefter ubrugelige; endvidere er det særde-les vanskeligt uden en kostbar undersegelse at konsta-tere hvor pâ en given strækning, at rerene er ubrugelige.PVCs have also been deposited for very long lengths, but 25 of these have been found to collapse during soil erosion and are therefore useless; moreover, it is particularly difficult without a costly examination to ascertain where, at a given distance, the pipes are useless.

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Der kendes i dag ogsâ kabeltyper med indbyggede tomrer.Cable types with built-in timers are also known today.

Der henvises her til USA patent nr. 3.992.565 og tysk offentliggerelsesskrift nr. 2.705.160, som begge viser kabler, der er forsynet med et antal tomr0r til frem-35 fering af forskellige medier og eventuelt tilbagesug- - 2 -Reference is made here to United States Patent No. 3,992,565 and German Publication No. 2,705,160, both of which show cables provided with a plurality of voids for the advancement of various media and, optionally, vacuum suction.

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ning af andre, ait efter anvendelsesformâlet. Kableme giver dog ikke mulighed for indforing af nye ledere i tomroret over længere afstande, idet ledere, der vil blive fors0gt skubbet ind i roret, til sidst vil af-5 stedkomme sâ stor friktion mellem leder og r0r, at lederen vil fors0ge at indtage en b0lgelignende façon i længderetningen, der vil umuliggore videre indf0ring.other people, depending on the purpose of use. The cables, however, do not allow for insertion of new conductors into the idler tube over longer distances, since conductors that will be tried to be pushed into the rudder will eventually cause so much friction between the conductor and pipe that the conductor will attempt to take a longitudinal wave-like shape that will make further introduction impossible.

Lederen vil i reglen heller ikke kunne udeve trykpâ-virkningen. Endvidere er kablerne mere opbygget som et 10 kabel med et omgivende plastprofil, som er opslidset ind til nogle hulrum, hvori kan indsnappes diverse kabler eller tomror efter behov. Kablerne er ikke beregnet til nedlægning i jord.As a rule, the manager will not be able to exert the pressure effect. Furthermore, the cables are more structured as a 10 cable with a surrounding plastic profile, which is cut into some cavities in which various cables or pipes can be intercepted as needed. The cables are not intended for grounding.

15 Tysk patent nr. 917.797 viser en ledningskonstruktion med et par tomme kanaler til senere indtrækning af flere ledere. Kabelisolationen, som kanalerne er ud-sparet i, er fremstillet af papirmel, bitumen og olie, hvilket er en sammensætning, som er fuldstændig uegnet 20 til jordkabler, da den med ârene vil gâ i oplosning, ikke kan tâle glidemidler, ingen styrke har ved brug a trækmidler, yder for stor friktion mod trækmidler, og endelig vil kollapse ved eventuel jordsætninger.German Patent No. 917,797 discloses a conduit construction with a few empty channels for later retraction of multiple conductors. The cable insulation in which the channels are cut is made of paper flour, bitumen and oil, which is a composition which is completely unsuitable for earth cables, as it will dissolve over the years, can not withstand lubricants, no strength has at use a tensile agent, give too much friction to the tensile agent, and will eventually collapse by any grounding.

25 Tysk offentligg0relsesskrift nr. 2.411.156 viser et sâ- kaldt elektrikerror beregnet til indst0bning i bygnin-gers vægge og gulve og til korte afstande, hvor hver-ken ror eller trækmidler behover nogen styrke, og glidemidler ikke er n0dvendige for at fâ som oftest under 30 10 m ledning trukket igennem.25 German Publication No. 2,411,156 discloses a so-called electric pipe intended for embedding in the walls and floors of buildings and for short distances where neither rudders nor pullers need any strength, and lubricants are not needed to obtain most often below 30 10 m wire pulled through.

Til lesning af samme problem som nærværende opfindelse angiver at l0se findes endvidere dansk patent nr. 148.129, som viser en fremgangsmâde til ved kemisk 35 indvirken eller ved varmepâvirkning, at opl0se eller - 3 -For the purpose of reading the same problem as the present invention, there is also disclosed that Danish Patent No. 148,129, which discloses a method for dissolving or - by chemical action or by heat effect -

DK 157270 BDK 157270 B

smelte det indvendige isoleringsmateriale i et telekabel, for derefter pâ forskellig mâde at fjerne resterne. Det skulle herefter være muligt ved hjælp af tilbageblivende 5 ledere at trække nye ledere i kablet. Fremgangsmâden er særdeles besvaerlig og miljefarlig at arbejde med. Nâr der nâes en vis temperatur eller op- lesningsgrad, vil det smeltede isoleringsmateriale 0ge den indvendige friktion væsentligt og umuliggere fremgangsmâden.melt the inner insulating material in a telecommunication cable, and then in different ways remove the residues. It should then be possible to pull new wires into the cable by means of the remaining 5 conductors. The process is extremely difficult and environmentally hazardous to work with. When a certain temperature or degree of absorption is reached, the molten insulation material will substantially increase the internal friction and make the process impossible.

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Indenfor lysledertransmissionssystemer foregâr i dag en rivende udvikling, der bl.a. medforer, at lysledere og elektronik forbedres med en sâdan hastighed, at alle-rede nedlagte kabelstrækninger hurtigt fâr ait for lil-15 le kapacitet. Da der endvidere hele tiden findes nye anvendelsesomrâder for elektronikken, forværres pro-blemet yderligere. Der er sâledes et udbredt behov for at optimere tidligere nedlagte kablers kapacitet efter ret kort tid.Within fiber-optic transmission systems, there is today a rapid development, which among other things. This means that fiber optics and electronics are improved at such a speed that already disconnected cable lines quickly reach low capacity. Furthermore, as new areas of use for electronics are constantly emerging, the problem is further exacerbated. Thus, there is a widespread need to optimize the capacity of previously disconnected cables after a very short time.

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Kablet ifelge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at tomr0ret(ene) indvendigt og/eller traskmidlerne udvendigt kan være forsynet med et glidemiddel samt, at trækmidlerne udvendigt kan være forsynet med en kappe eller coating, 25 eller helt være fremstillet af et friktionsnedsættende materiale. Herved opnâs, at meget lange længder nye ledere, f.eks. nemt mere end 1000 m, kan trækkes gennem reret i et træk, f.eks. flere âr efter nedlægningen.The cable according to the invention is characterized in that the inner tube (s) inside and / or the tracing means can be provided with a lubricant on the outside and that the tracing means can be provided with a sheath or coating on the outside or completely made of a friction-reducing material. This provides for very long lengths of new conductors, e.g. easily more than 1000 m, can be pulled through the net in a move, e.g. several years after the closure.

Dette gælder ogsâ lysledere, som normalt ikke tâler sâ 30 stort træk som kobberkabler. Endvidere opnâes, at glidemidlet virker forhindrene for vandintrængen i tvær- og langsgâende retning.This also applies to light conductors, which usually do not withstand as great a drag as copper cables. In addition, the lubricant acts to prevent the water intrusion in the transverse and longitudinal direction.

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I en udforelsesform af opfindelsen til itrækning af nye ledere over meget lange afstande kan tomreret indven-digt og trækmidlerne udvendigt være forsynet med et glidemiddel af kendt type. Til forhindring af vandind-5 trængen ved eventuel beskadigelse kan tomroret være forsynet med vaseline eller kan ved fremstillingen el-ler senere fyldes med et opkvældende pulver ligeledes af kendt type.In one embodiment of the invention for pulling new conductors over very long distances, the interior of the drum and the drawing means may be externally provided with a lubricant of known type. To prevent the water ingress in case of possible damage, the tumbler may be provided with vaseline or may be filled with a swelling powder of the type known or later in manufacture.

10 Kablet kan ifalge opfindelsen være udfort som et flad- kabel. Det vil her ikke være muligt at konstatere i hvilken side, tomroret befinder sig, og rorsiden er derfor udvendigt pâ kappen forsynet med identifika-tionsmidler i form af f.eks. en vulst, en kærv, en 15 farvestribe eller andre kendte identifikationsmidler.According to the invention, the cable may be designed as a flat cable. Here, it will not be possible to ascertain on which side the idler pipe is located and therefore the rudder side is provided on the outside of the casing with identification means in the form of e.g. a bead, a notch, a color stripe or other known means of identification.

Kablet kan endvidere, sâfremt det onskes, være forsynet med anvisninger pâ, hvor kablet kan deles.Furthermore, if desired, the cable may be provided with instructions on where to split the cable.

Sâfremt kablet ifolge krav 4 er fyldt til bristepunktet 20 med f.eks. vaseline, vil det være under et mindre tryk, der vil forhindre vandindtrængen, sâfremt der skulle opstâ en beskadigelse af kablet.If the cable according to claim 4 is filled to the breaking point 20 with e.g. Vaseline, it will be under a minor pressure that will prevent water ingress should a damage to the cable occur.

Pâ tegningen er vist forskellige udf0relsesformer for 25 kablet ifolge opfindelsen, idet fig. 1 viser et snit i et fladkabel, der i den ene side er forsynet med et toirmsr med ilagte trækmidler, og desuden har langsgâende deleanvisninger og tomrersmar-kering, 30 fig. 2 viser i snit et kabel med koncentrisk tomror.In the drawing, various embodiments of the cable according to the invention are shown, fig. 1 is a sectional view of a flat cable, which is provided on one side with a two-wire cable with tensioning means, and in addition has longitudinal dividing instructions and void marking; FIG. 2 shows in section a cable with concentric turmoil.

fig. 3 viser i snit et fladkabel, hvor tomroret ved vridning af kablet ikke ændrer placering.FIG. 3 shows in section a flat cable, where the twisting of the cable when twisting the cable does not change location.

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Pâ tegningen angiver 1 et fladkabel med en yderkappe 12 , der ruminer en fra fremstillingstidpunktet funk-tionsduelig kabelenhed massiv 2 eller i et rer 14 samt et tomrer 3 med indlagt trækwire 4. Pâ yderkappen 12 er 5 vist en langsgâende deleanvisning 7, hvor kablet pâ en nem mâde kan deles (afgrenes).In the drawing, 1 indicates a flat cable with an outer sheath 12 which houses a solid cable unit 2 capable of functioning at the time of manufacture or in a tube 14 and a tumbler 3 with inlaid pull wire 4. On the outer sheath 12 is shown a longitudinal dividing instruction 7, where the cable of an easy way to share (branch off).

Endvidere er yderkappen 12 forsynet med en afmærkning 9 til brug ved identifikation af tomreret 3, sâfremt det 10 skulle blive nedvendigt at grave ned til kablet og lave indgreb deri.Furthermore, the outer casing 12 is provided with a marking 9 for use in identifying the tumbler 3, should it be necessary to dig down to the cable and make interventions therein.

Ved itrækning af nye ledere forbindes trækwiren 4 pâ kendt mâde med lederne og disse trækkes ind i tomroret 15 med hjælp fra et glidemiddel 13, der i forvejen er pâ- fort trækwiren og roret under kabelfremstillingen. Sâfremt tomreret 3 er et ekstruderet polymerrer, kan det til trækaflastning af lederne være forsynet med en trækaflastningstrâd 8. Polymerreret kan endvidere pâ 20 ydersiden være forsynet med riller 10 til bedre fast- holdelse af tomraret i yderkappen.By pulling new conductors, the pull wire 4 is connected in the known manner with the conductors and these are pulled into the idler 15 with the aid of a lubricant 13 which is already attached to the pull wire and the rudder during the cable manufacture. If the tumbler 3 is an extruded polymer tube, it may be provided with a strain relief thread for tensile relief of the conductors 8. The polymer tube may also be provided with grooves 10 on the outside for better retention of the tumbler in the outer sheath.

Med henblik pâ vandtætning kan tomreret indvendigt være helt eller delvist fyldt med vaseline, eller pulver 25 hvilket ogsâ i sâdanne tilfælde kan fungere som glide middel .For the purpose of waterproofing, the interior may be fully or partially filled with petroleum jelly, or powder 25 which may also act as a sliding agent in such cases.

Formâlet med udforelsesformen i fig. 3 er at fremstille et kabel, der ved torsionsdrejning ikke ændrer tomre-30 rets placering pâ afgorende mâde, idet dette ville med- fore stærkt foreget friktion. Kablet er forsynet med dobbelte delepunkter 7.The object of the embodiment of FIG. 3 is to produce a cable which, during torsional rotation, does not change the position of the drill bit in a decisive manner, as this would cause greatly increased friction. The cable is provided with dual split points 7.

Da det er særdeles vigtigt, at opnâ et formstabilt ka-35 kabel er det ved de enkelte udforelsesformer for kablet - 6 -Since it is extremely important to obtain a form-stable cable, it is in the individual embodiments of the cable - 6 -

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tilstræbt, at placere tomr0ret eller tomr0rene sâ tæt pâ den allerede funktionsdygtige del af kablet soin muligt. Det er endvidere af samme ârsag tilstræbt, at kablets dimension er sâ lille som muligt.sought to place the drum or drum as close to the already functional part of the cable as possible. It is also for the same reason that the dimension of the cable is as small as possible.

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Transmissionskablet er fremtidssikret ved, at det sene-re kan tilferes foroget kapacitet ved itrækning af nye mâske i dag ukendte ledertyper, og at det kan gores pâ det tidspunkt, hvor der er behov for dem samt, at kab-10 lets tomrer ved hjælp af de allerede fungerende paral- lelt lobeiide ledere, konstant kan overvâges ved hjælp af disse, og at en eventuel kollaps af tomroret meget nojagtigt kan stedfæstes. Det er altsâ ikke længere nedvendigt at forsyne et givet kabel med en overskuds-15 kapacitet, som det kan forudses, der forst bliver brug for, f.eks. 5 âr senere. Det giver omfattende okono- i miske besparelser ikke at skulle grave stærkt trafi-kerede gader og vejkryds op mere end én gang med aile de felgegéner, dette medf0rer.The transmission cable is future-proofed by the fact that the later can be added to increased capacity by pulling in new, perhaps unknown types of conductors today, and that it can be done at the time when they are needed and that the cable 10s are used with the help of the already functioning parallel lobeiid leaders can be constantly monitored using these and that any collapse of the tomorror can be very accurately pinpointed. Thus, it is no longer necessary to provide a given cable with a surplus capacity which can be foreseen, which is needed first, e.g. 5 years later. It offers considerable financial savings not having to dig heavily traffic streets and intersections more than once with all the felonies this entails.

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Claims

1. Transmission cable (1), preferably for immersion in soil, with longitudinally extending conductors with fixed cover (2) or located in pipe (14) with or without pressure or tension relief (8), and in known manner provided with the water levels layers and outer sheath and one or more integral high-pressure (3) pipes (3) with steel, metal or 10 tensile means (4) embedded in the pipes for use in the later insertion of one or more conductors into the rudder or tubes, that the inner tube (s) inside and / or the outside means may be provided with a lubricant and that the outside means may be provided with a sheath 15 or coating, or be made entirely of a friction-reducing material.

2. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the idler tube (s) may be fully or partially filled with a lubricant for simultaneously preventing longitudinal and transverse water intrusions.

Cable according to claim 2, characterized in that the lubricant can be powder. 25

4. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, when fully lubricated, the idler tube (s) is under a small pressure.

Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the void tube (s) may be divided into one or more axially extending chambers each with its inwardly extending or sliding means.

6. A cable according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the outer sheath can be provided with identification means for recognizing which dry tubes are provided with pulling and sliding means.

Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the tumbler (s) are located concentrically in the structure.