DK157086B

DK157086B - PLATFORM ROOFING

Info

Publication number: DK157086B
Application number: DK498687A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Jon Kristiansen
Original assignee: Hotaco As
Priority date: 1987-09-22
Filing date: 1987-09-22
Publication date: 1989-11-06
Also published as: DK157086C; DK498687D0; DK498687A

Description

DK 157086 BDK 157086 B

Opfindelsen angâr et pladeformet tagelement, der har et par metalprofilbjælker anbragt langs to af sine modstâende kanter og en mellem disse bjælker beliggende lagdelt plade.The invention relates to a plate-shaped roof element having a pair of metal profile beams arranged along two of its opposing edges and a layered plate located between these beams.

Ved tagelementer af denne art, der eksempelvis kendes fra dansk 5 patentskrift nr. 147.558, tjener de to parallelt forlebende profilbjælker, der normalt er af métal, især jern eller stâl, som de bærende dele, der overferer byggeelementets vægt og de pâ byggeelementet virkende kræfter (fx vindkræfter og/eller snebelastning) til en understetningskonstruktion (fx âse) for den 10 bygning, i hvilken tagelementerne indgâr. I de kendte tagelementer af den omhandlede art er stàlprofilbjælkerne sâledes mere eller mindre blottet, hvilket betyder, at de i tilfælde af brand hurtigt bliver opvarmet i en sâdan grad, at de mister den væsentligste del af deres bæreevne. Felgelig er der en væsentlig risiko for, at et tag eller et 15 loft, der er opbygget under anvendelse af tagelementer af den omhandlede kendte art, i tilfælde af brand bryder sammen pâ et uensket tidligt tidspunkt og sâledes foroger brandkatastrofens omfang og risikoen for, at brandfolk og andre kommer til skade under slukningsaktionen.For roof elements of this kind, for example known from Danish patent specification No. 147,558, the two parallel-extending profile beams, which are usually of metal, especially iron or steel, serve as the supporting parts which transfer the weight of the building element and the forces acting on the building element. (e.g., wind forces and / or snow loads) for a support structure (e.g., ace) for the building in which the roof elements are included. Thus, in the known roof elements of the type in question, the steel profile beams are more or less exposed, which means that in the event of fire they are quickly heated to such a degree that they lose the essential part of their load-bearing capacity. Consequently, in the event of a fire, there is a significant risk that a roof or ceiling constructed using roof elements of the known type will break at an undesirably early stage and thus increase the extent of the fire disaster and the risk of firefighters and others are injured during the extinguishing action.

20 Fra svensk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 404.823 kendes en varmeisolerende byggeplade eller der, fx til brug i kelerum. Denne kendte der bestâr af en lagdelt plade, som ved modstâende kanter har et par metalprofiler, der tjener til at sammenholde pladens lag. Selve pladen bestâr af en kerne af polymerskumplast, der er anbragt mellem 25 et par dækplader. Mellem disse dækplader og plastkernen er der anbragt et lag vandholdigt natriumsilikat. Hvis pladen opvarmes, fx i tilfælde af brand, vil natriumsilikatet svulme op og danne en brandhæmmende barrière, der beskytter det brændbare plastskum, men ikke profilbjælkerne. Ved denne opsvulmning af natriumsilikatlaget 30 vil den lagdelte plade i evrigt disintegrere, hvilket gor dette kendte byggeelement helt uegnet til at indgâ som en bærende del af en bygningskonstruktion.20 From Swedish Patent Specification No. 404,823, a heat-insulating building board or there is known, for example, for use in boiler rooms. This known consists of a layered sheet which at opposite edges has a pair of metal profiles which serve to adhere the sheet's layers. The plate itself consists of a core of polymer foam plastic which is disposed between a pair of cover plates. A layer of aqueous sodium silicate is placed between these cover plates and the plastic core. If the slab is heated, for example in the event of a fire, the sodium silicate will swell and form a fire-retardant barrier protecting the flammable plastic foam, but not the profile beams. Upon this swelling of the sodium silicate layer 30, the layered sheet will perpetually disintegrate, rendering this known building element completely unsuitable to form as a supporting part of a building structure.

Ved den foreliggende opfindelse er der blevet tilvejebragt et pladeformet tagelement af den indledningsvis nævnte art, der i 2In the present invention, there has been provided a plate-shaped roof element of the kind mentioned above, which in

DK 157086 BDK 157086 B

tilfælde af brand i væsentlig hejere grad end de kendte tagelementer eller byggeelementer bevarer sin integritet og bæreevne.cases of fire substantially higher than the known roofing elements or building elements retain their integrity and bearing capacity.

Tagelementet ifelge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved, at i det mindste de mod tagelementets inderside vendende dele af 5 prof ilb j ælkeme er omstebt med skumbeton. Da skumbeton, hvis hovedbestanddele er cernent og sand, er ubrændbar og har en væsentlig varmeisolationsevne, vil prof ilb j ælkeme i en brandsituation bevare deres bæreevne i væsentlig længere tid, end hvis b j ælkeme havde været blottet. Den skumbeton, der oms lutter prof ilbj ælkerne, har ikke 10 blot en god varmeisolationsevne, men har ogsâ en forholdsvis lille massefylde, sâ at betonen kun i forholdsmæssig ringe grad forager tagelementets vægt.The roof element according to the invention is peculiar in that at least the parts of the profile facing the inside of the roof element are at least 5 molded with foam concrete. Since foamed concrete, whose main constituents are core and sand, are non-combustible and have a significant heat insulation ability, in a fire situation, prof ilb jelks will retain their load-bearing capacity for a significantly longer time than if the jelks had been exposed. The foamed concrete which surrounds the prof ilbj lakes not only has a good thermal insulation capacity, but also has a relatively small density, so that the concrete only lowers the weight of the roof element.

For at hindre, at den lagdelte plade, der ligger mellem profilbjælkerne, i en brandsituation hurtigt adelægges, sâ at dele af 15 den kan styrte ned, er i det mindste det inderste lag af denne plade fortrinsvis af et ubrændbart eller brandhæmmende materiale. Dette inderste lag af pladen kan sâledes eksempelvis bestâ af gips eller skumbeton, men ved den foretrukne udfarelsesform dannes det inderste lag af mineraluld, som fx stenuld. Et sâdan lag af mineraluld har en 20 meget lille vægtfylde, og det er ikke alene ubrændbart, men ogsâ stærkt varmeisolerende.In order to prevent the layered sheet lying between the profile beams from being quickly laid down in a fire situation so that parts of it can crash down, at least the inner layer of this sheet is preferably of a non-combustible or fire-retardant material. Thus, this inner layer of the sheet may consist, for example, of plaster or foam concrete, but in the preferred embodiment, the inner layer of mineral wool is formed, such as, for example, rock wool. Such a layer of mineral wool has a very small density, and it is not only non-combustible, but also highly heat insulating.

Den mellemliggende plade kan være fastgjort til de af skumbetonen omsluttede prof ilbj ælker pâ en hvilken som helst passende mâde, fx ved fastlimning og/eller ved anvendelse af passende mekaniske 25 forbindelsesorganer. Ved den foretrukne udfarelsesform danner skumbetonen pâ hver af profilbjælkernes inderside imidlertid en rende til optagelse af randene af i det mindste det eller de inderste af de materialelag, der indgâr i den mellemliggende plade. De omhandlede materialelags randdele kommer da til direkte at hvile pâ den 30 skumbeton, der omgiver prof ilbj ælkeme.The intermediate plate may be affixed to the profile walls enclosed by the foam concrete in any suitable manner, for example, by bonding and / or using appropriate mechanical connecting means. However, in the preferred embodiment, the foam concrete on each of the inside of the profile beams forms a channel for receiving the edges of at least the inner layer (s) of the material layers contained in the intermediate plate. The edges of the material layers in question will then rest directly on the 30 foam concrete surrounding the profile of the ilbj bodies.

Prof ilbj ælkeme er fortrinsvis fremstillet af tynd stâlplade, idet de derved kan fremstilles forholdsvis billigt og har en acceptabel lille vægt. Sâledes kan b j ælkeme være U-profiler med indadrettede f langer, og disse flanger, der giver det s tors te bidrag til bjælkemesThe Prof ilbj bodies are preferably made of thin steel sheet, in that they can be made relatively inexpensive and have an acceptable small weight. Thus, the beams may be U-profiles with inwardly extending flanges, and these flanges which provide the torsional contribution to the beams

DK 157086 BDK 157086 B

3 bejnings- og inertimoment, vil da være godt beskyttet mod varmepâvirkning. Derimod kan ydersiden af bjælkens krop være blottet, sâ at den danner en veldefineret kantflade, hvor tagelementet skal grænse op til nabotagelementer.3 torque and inertia torque will then be well protected against heat effect. On the other hand, the exterior of the beam body may be exposed to form a well-defined edge surface where the roof element must adjoin neighboring elements.

5 Profilbjælkerne kan aribringes i en opskumningsform, i hvilken betonen opskummes omkring bjælkerne eller dele deraf. Nâr ogsâ den mellemliggende plades enkelte lag er blevet fremstillet, kan disse lag fastlimes til hinanden og til skumbetonen omkring bjælkerne ved hjælp af en ikke-brændbar lim. Tagelementets dele kan sammensættes pà 10 en sâdan mâde, at der mellem pladens lag og/eller de af skumbeton omsluttede profilbjælker dannes et hulrum. Der kan da i dette hulrum opskununes et andet materiale for dannelse af celleplast, der kan tjene til indbyrdes sammenholdning af byggeelementets dele.The profile beams can be placed in a foam form in which the concrete is foamed around the beams or parts thereof. Once the individual layers of the intermediate sheet have been made, these layers can be glued to each other and to the foam concrete around the joists by means of a non-combustible glue. The parts of the roof element can be assembled in such a way that a cavity is formed between the layers of the sheet and / or the profile beams enclosed by foam concrete. Then, in this cavity, another material can be cleaned up to form cellular plastics which can serve to bond together the parts of the building element.

Opfindelsen vil i det felgende blive nærmere beskrevet under henvis-15 ning til tegningen, pâ hvilken fig. 1 set i perspektiv viser et udsnit af et tag eller et loft dan-net af tagelementer ifelge opfindelsen, og fig. 2 viser i sterre mâlestok et snit efter linjen II-II i fig. 1.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of a roof or ceiling formed of roof elements according to the invention; and FIG. 2 is a sectional view on the line II-II of FIG. First

Hvert af de pâ tegningen viste lofts- eller tagelementer 10 har et 20 par langs modstàende kanter anbragte profilbjælker 11, der har form af et U-profil opbukket af tynd stâlplade. Profilbjælkernes flanger er omsluttet af skumbeton 12, der ogsâ dækker indersiden af profilbjælkerne 11's krop. Skumbetonen, hvis hovedbestanddele er cernent og sand, kan opskummes i en passende form, i hvilken den 25 tilherende profilbjælke 11, der skal omsluttes af skumbetonen, an-bringes. Den af skumbetonen 12 omsluttede profilbjælke 11 har i hovedsagen U-formet tværsnit, idet der i skumbetonen er afgrænset en langsgâende rende 13.Each of the ceiling or roof elements 10 shown in the drawing has a pair of profile beams 11 arranged along opposite edges, which is in the form of a U-profile made of thin steel plate. The flanges of the profile beams are enclosed by foam concrete 12 which also covers the inside of the body of the profile beams 11. The foam concrete, the main constituents of which are core and sand, can be foamed in a suitable form in which the associated profile beam 11 to be enclosed by the foam concrete is placed. The profile beam 11 enclosed by the foam concrete 12 is generally U-shaped in cross section, a longitudinal channel 13 being defined in the foam concrete.

Lofts- eller tagelementet 10 omfatter foruden profilbjælkerne 11 en 30 lagdelt plade 14, der strækker sig mellem de to over for hinanden beliggende og parallelt forlobende profilbjælker. Den lagdelte plade 14 har inderst et brandsikkert mineraluldslag 15, hvis modstàende randdele sammen med et pâ mineraluldslaget klæbet lag 16 af fibergipsThe ceiling or roof element 10 comprises, in addition to the profile beams 11, a layered plate 14 extending between the two adjacent and parallel profile beams. The layered plate 14 has a fire-resistant mineral wool layer 15, the opposite edge parts of which together with a layer 16 of fiberglass adhered to the mineral wool layer

DK 157086 BDK 157086 B

4 med en udvendigt pâklæbet aluminiumsfolie 17, er optaget i de i skum-betonen 12 udformede render 13. Oven pâ aluminiumsfolien 17 er der anbragt en ramme 18 af trslægter, der i fig. 2 er antydet med punkterede linjer. Den lagdelte plade 14's 0verste lag bestâr af et 5 mellem profilbjælkeme anbragt lag 19 af celleplast, fx polyurethan-skum, og af et derpâ anbragt dæklag 20, der ogsâ dækker og er fastli-met til den skumbeton 12, der omslutter profilbjælkeme 11's avers te flanger. Efter at lofts- eller tagelementet 10 sâledes er sammensat af sine bestanddele, kan elementet yderligere stabiliseres ved, at 10 der i det mellem aluminiumsfolien 17 og celleplastlaget 19 dannede mellemrum, i hvilket trælægterrammen 18 er anbragt, foretages en opskumning af plast, fx polyurethan. For at beskytte de blottede overflader af dette skumbeton 12, der omslutter profilbjælkeme 11's nederste flanger, kan der pâ disse flader af skumbetonen 12 være an-15 bragt dækprofiler 21, der kan være af et hvilket som helst passende materiale. Dækprofileme kan sâledes være fremstillet af ekstruderede aluminiumsprofiler eller af metalplade, fx en galvaniseret jemplade.4, with an externally adhered aluminum foil 17, is accommodated in the grooves 13 formed in the foam concrete 12. On top of the aluminum foil 17 a frame 18 of wooden slats is arranged, which in fig. 2 is indicated by dashed lines. The upper layer of the layered plate 14 consists of a layer 19 of cellular plastic, e.g. polyurethane foam, disposed between the profile beams, and of a covering layer 20, which also covers and is fixed to the foam concrete 12 which surrounds the profile beams 11 of the profile beams. flanges. After the ceiling or roof element 10 is thus composed of its constituents, the element can be further stabilized by a foaming of plastics, e.g. polyurethane, formed in the space formed between the aluminum foil 17 and the cellular plastic layer 19, in which the wooden frame frame 18 is arranged. In order to protect the exposed surfaces of this foam concrete 12 which encloses the lower flanges of the profile beams 11, cover profiles 21 which can be of any suitable material may be provided on these surfaces of the foam concrete 12. The tire profiles can thus be made of extruded aluminum profiles or of metal sheet, for example a galvanized sheet metal.

De beskrevne lofts- eller tagelementer kan, som det bedst fremgâr af fig. 1, oplægges pâ passende understotninger, fx pâ med indbyrdes 20 afstande aribragte og parallelt forlobende bjælker 22, der kan hâve form af træâse eller betonbjælker, og tagelementerne lægges da sâledes, at de af skumbetonen 12 omsluttede profilbjælker 11 strækker sig pâ tværs af og imellem de understottende bjælker 22. Lofts- eller tagelementerne 10 kan fastgeres til de understettende bjælker 22 ved 25 hjælp af passende fastgorelsesorganer som fx skruer eller boite, der kan fores gennem lodrette monteringshuller 23, der er udformet sâledes, at de strækker sig gennem profilbjælkemes f langer og gennem den omsluttende skumbeton 12. Mellem til hinanden grænsende kanter af de optagne aribragte elementer 10 kan der aribringes tætningsorganer i 30 form af gummiprofiler 24 og fugefilt 25, og endelig kan fugerne mellem de til hinanden grænsende lofts- eller tagelementer 10 foroven dækkes af dækstrimler 26 (fig. 1).The ceiling or roof elements described can, as best seen in FIG. 1, is placed on suitable supports, for example, with spaced 20 spaced apart and parallel beams 22 which can take the form of wooden eaves or concrete beams, and the roof elements are laid so that the profile beams 11 enclosed by the foam concrete 12 extend across and between the supporting beams 22. The ceiling or roof elements 10 can be secured to the supporting beams 22 by means of suitable fastening means such as screws or bores, which can be guided through vertical mounting holes 23 designed to extend through the length of the profile beams and through the surrounding foam concrete 12. Between adjacent edges of the received arriving elements 10, sealing means in the form of rubber profiles 24 and joint felt 25 can be applied, and finally the joints between the adjoining ceiling or roof elements 10 can be covered above by cover strips. 26 (Fig. 1).

DK 157086 BDK 157086 B

55

EKSEMPELEXAMPLE

To tagelementer af den ovenfor beskrevne type blev afpravet for brandsikkerhed. Hvert af elementeme havde en længde pâ 6000 mm og en bredde pâ 1200 mm samt en hajde pâ 253 mm. Mlneraluldslaget 15 var 5 Rockwool® brandbatts med en tykkelse pâ 75 mm og den densltet pâ 109 kg/πτ*, fibergipslaget 16 havde en tykkelse pâ 12,5 mm, en densitet pâ 1060 kg/iP, en fladevægt pâ 13,3 kg/m^, og var af typen Fermacell ...... PA-III, og celleplastlaget 19, der var af polyurethanskum, havde en tykkelse pâ 70 mm og en densitet pâ 36 kg/m^, dæklaget 20 var en 10 asfaltimprægneret træfiberplade (Norbit) betegnet Huntonit og med en densitet pâ 270 kg/m·^ samt en fladevægt pâ 2,8 kg/m^. Profilbjælkerne 11 var fremstillet af 1,75 mm tyk stâlplade og havde en hajde pâ 180 mm samt en flangebredde pâ 57 mm. Profilbjælkernes nederste flanger blev indesluttet i blokke af skumbeton med et rektangulært tværsnit 15 med en bredde pâ 90 mm og en hajde pâ 85 mm, medens profilbjælkernes averste flanger blev indesluttet i tilsvarende skumbetonblokke med en hajde pâ 70 mm og en bredde pâ 90 mm. Skumbetonen, der havde en densitet pâ 754 kg/m^, var fremstillet ved opskumning af en betonbland-ing, der bestod af 330 kg cernent, 370 kg sand og 133 kg vand pr. m^ 20 béton. To sâdanne sammenspændte tagelementer blev anbragt over en ovn med en spændvidde pâ 580 mm og afpravet i overensstemmelse med dansk standard DS 1051.1. Praven viste, at en tagkonstruktion fremstillet af de omhandlede tagelementer i henhold til dansk standard DS 1052.1 kan klassificeres som en "BD-tagkonstruktion 60", nâr den karakteri-25 stiske værdi for den lodrette last (eksklusive ingen vægt) pâ tag-konstruktionen ikke overstiger 0,75 kN/m^, og spændvidden ikke over-stiger 5,8 m.Two roof elements of the type described above were tested for fire safety. Each of the elements had a length of 6000 mm and a width of 1200 mm as well as a height of 253 mm. The minimum wool layer 15 was 5 Rockwool® fire batts with a thickness of 75 mm and a density of 109 kg / πτ *, the fiberglass layer 16 had a thickness of 12.5 mm, a density of 1060 kg / iP, a surface weight of 13.3 kg / m 2, and was of the Fermacell type ...... PA-III, and the cellular plastic layer 19, which was made of polyurethane foam, had a thickness of 70 mm and a density of 36 kg / m 2, the cover layer 20 was a 10 asphalt impregnated wood fiber board (Norbit) denoted Huntonite and having a density of 270 kg / m 2 and a surface weight of 2.8 kg / m 2. The profile beams 11 were made of 1.75 mm thick steel plate and had a height of 180 mm and a flange width of 57 mm. The lower flanges of the profile beams were enclosed in blocks of foam concrete with a rectangular cross section 15 with a width of 90 mm and a height of 85 mm, while the flanges of the profile beams were enclosed in corresponding foam concrete blocks with a height of 70 mm and a width of 90 mm. The foam concrete, which had a density of 754 kg / m 2, was made by foaming a concrete mixture consisting of 330 kg of core, 370 kg of sand and 133 kg of water per hectare. m ^ 20 beton. Two such clamped roof elements were placed over an oven with a span of 580 mm and tested in accordance with Danish standard DS 1051.1. The test showed that a roof structure made of the relevant roof elements according to Danish standard DS 1052.1 can be classified as a "BD roof structure 60" when the characteristic value of the vertical load (excluding no weight) on the roof structure is not exceeds 0.75 kN / m ^, and the span does not exceed 5.8 m.

Det beskrevne lofts- eller tagelement kan gares endnu mere brandsik-kert derved, at celleplastlaget erstattes med skumbeton, og at 30 dæklaget 20 fremstilles af et ikke brændbart materiale, sâsom mineraluld. Der kan da i en tagkonstruktion oplægges zoner af sâdanne ekstra brandsikre elementer for dannelse af en slags "brandbælter".The ceiling or roof element described can be made even more fireproof in that the cellular plastic layer is replaced with foam concrete and that the cover layer 20 is made of a non-combustible material, such as mineral wool. Zones can then be laid out in such a roof structure by such extra fire-resistant elements to form a kind of "fire belts".

Patentkravclaims

Claims

A plate-shaped roof element (10) having a pair of metal profile beams arranged along two of its opposing edges and a layered plate (14) located between these beams, characterized in that at least the parts of the profile beams (11) facing the inside of the roof element 5 ) is padded with foam concrete (12).

Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the innermost layer (15) of the intermediate plate (14) is of a non-combustible or fire-retardant material.

Roof element according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner layer (15) of the intermediate plate (14) is of mineral wool.

Roof element according to any one of claims 1-3, 15, characterized in that the foam concrete (12) on each of the inside of the profile beams (11) forms a channel (13) for receiving the edges of at least the inner (s) ( 15-17) of the material layers included in the intermediate plate (14).

Roof element according to claims 4, 20, characterized in that the profile beams (11) are U-profiles with inward flanges embedded in the foam concrete (12).

Roof element according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that at least some of the layers (15-20) of the intermediate plate (14) are glued to each other and / or to the foamed concrete (12). ) enclosing the profile beams (11).

Roof element according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that at least some (17,18,20) of the layers (15-20) of the intermediate plate (14) are attached to each other and optionally to it. foam concrete (12) surrounding the profile beams (11), 30 by means of a cellular plastic material (19) foamed within a cavity defined between these layers.