DK155486B

DK155486B - A mower

Info

Publication number: DK155486B
Application number: DK488285A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Gerhard Duecker
Original assignee: Duecker Gerhard Landmasch
Priority date: 1984-10-26
Filing date: 1985-10-24
Publication date: 1989-04-17
Also published as: DE3439226C2; EP0182122A1; DK155486C; DE3439226A1; DK488285A; DK488285D0

Description

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Opfindelsen angår et mejeapparat med en skærerotor, der drejer om en horisontal akse i et maskinsta-tiv, der omfatter en beskyttelses- og ledekappe, og hvor skærerotoren har et antal af på en rotoraksel begrænset 5 fremad- og tilbagesvingbart lejrede slagknive, der ved den i bundområdet i apparatets bevægelsesretning drejende rotoraksel er anbragt enkeltvis på i afstand fra og parallelt med rotorakselens drejeakse beliggende ledbolte og med deres skærekanter er rettet parallelt med 10 nævnte drejeakse, og som i deres fremadsvingningsende-stilling er begrænset således, at deres skærekanter - i forhold til rotorakselens drejeretning - ligger forsat tilbage bag ved planet, som forbinder rotorakselens drejeakse med ledboltens midterakse.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a cutting apparatus having a cutting rotor which rotates about a horizontal axis of a machine frame comprising a guard and guide sheath, and wherein the cutting rotor has a number of forward and backwardly pivotally mounted impact blades on the rotor shaft the rotor shaft rotating in the bottom direction of the apparatus is disposed individually spaced apart from and parallel to the pivot axis of the rotor shaft and their cutting edges are aligned parallel to said pivot axis and which in their forward swing end position are limited so that their cutting edges - in proportion to the rotor shaft's direction of rotation - is set back behind the plane which connects the rotary shaft's rotary axis to the center axis of the articulated bolt.

15 Sådanne mejeapparater, der også betegnes "slag mej eapparater", kan - i forbindelse med et passende bære- eller trækkøretøj - være udformet som forskydelige eller trækbare apparater med støtteorganer til bundunderstøtning eller som selvkørende apparater. De forekom-20 mer også som såkaldte "påbygnings-arbejdsapparater", dvs. at de er udformet som arbejdshoved for en på et køretøj svingbart lejret og knækbar udliggerarm med hydraulisk betjening.Such mowers, also referred to as "blow mowers", may - in connection with a suitable carrier or towing vehicle - be designed as slidable or retractable appliances with support supports for bottom supports or as self-propelled appliances. They also occur as so-called "bodywork apparatus", ie. that they are designed as the working head of a swiveled and crankable hydraulic actuating arm mounted on a vehicle.

Ved apparater af denne art drejer det sig om uni-25 verselt anvendelige meje- og findelingsapparater, der -alt efter udformning og arbejdsbredde - kan benyttes inden for landbruget, ved frugt- eller vinavl, ved sidekanter af gader og veje, ved skov- og markkanter og på sports-, fritids, øvelses- og flyvepladser. De bevirker 30 en nem og hurtig findeling af f.eks. krat, majshalm, majsstængler, grøntgødningsmateriale og restdele fra grøntsager. De bevirker desuden en upåklagelig mejning af alle græsarter inklusive søgræs. Heller ikke tjørnekrat eller trædele indtil 5 cm diameter er nogen hind-35 ring for sådanne apparater. Det stærkt findelte meje-For appliances of this kind, these are universally applicable dairy and comminuting appliances, which - depending on their design and working width - can be used in agriculture, by fruit or wine production, by side edges of streets and roads, by forest and field edges and at sports, leisure, exercise and aerodromes. They cause an easy and rapid comminution of e.g. scrub, corn straw, corn stalks, green manure material and vegetable residues. They also provide impeccable mowing of all grass species including seagrass. Neither tar crates nor tree parts up to 5 cm in diameter are any impediments to such apparatus. The highly comminuted dairy

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2 materiale aflægges meget hurtig ensartet bagud eller transporteres bort.2 material is very uniformly deposited backwards or transported away.

Fra DE-patentskrift nr. 2.210.689 kendes der et apparat af den indledningsvis omhandlede art, som spe-5 cielt er bestemt til rensning af kørebanekanter, og hvor hver slagkniv har et U- eller hårnåleformet ombukket knivskaft og hermed er ophængt i en lejebolt, som mellem to fra rotorakselen radialt udragende vanger er fastgjort i afstand fra og parallelt med rotorakselens dre-10 jeakse. Til begrænsning af slagknivenes fremadsving-ningsendestilling på en sådan måde, at deres parallelt med rotorakselens drejeakse rettede skærekanter - i forhold til rotorakselens drejeretning - ligger forsat tilbage bag ved planet, som forbinder rotorakselens akse 15 med ledboltens akse, findes der et særligt anslag i form af en rund eller rektangulær bolt, der ligeledes strækker sig mellem de to vanger, som bærer ledbolten.DE Patent Specification No. 2,210,689 discloses an apparatus of the kind referred to in the introduction, which is specifically intended for cleaning carriageway edges, and wherein each impact knife has a U- or hairpin-shaped folded knife shaft and is thus suspended in a bearing bolt. , which are fixedly spaced apart from and parallel to the pivot axis of the rotor shaft between two radially projecting vanes. For limiting the forward pivot end position of the impact blades in such a way that their cutting edges directed parallel to the rotational axis of the rotor shaft - relative to the rotor shaft rotation direction - are set back behind the plane connecting the axis of the rotor shaft with the axis of the joint bolt, there is a special impact in the form of a circular or rectangular bolt which also extends between the two rods carrying the articulated bolt.

Fordelen ved en sådan begrænsning af slagknivenes fremadsvingningsendestilling består først og fremmest i, 20 at knivene i deres i forhold til rotorakselens drejeretning noget efterilende endestilling - ved ramning mod materiale, der skal mejes respektive affræses, indtager en kinetisk mere stabil stilling end ved en opretning i den utvungne centrifugalkraftstilling og tilsvarende -25 selv ved lave omløbstal for rotorakselen (f.eks. på 1500 o/m) udøver en høj slagvirkning, men alligevel let kan svinges tilbage, når de rammer mod en fast modstand, f.eks. en sten. Dertil kommer, at der på grund af begrænsningen af fremadsvingningsendestillin-30 gen, som fortsætter slagknivenes skærekanter tilbage, kræves en mindre kraft til drivning af apparatet, nemlig ved højere skære- respektive slagkraft af de enkelte slagknive. Det på denne måde udformede apparat har imidlertid den ulempe, at det er af en forholdsvis stor, 35 klodset og tung opbygning. Dette gør det igen vanskeligtThe advantage of such a restriction on the forward swing end position of the percussion blades consists primarily in the fact that the blades, in their relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor shaft, have a nailing end position - when hitting material to be cut or milled respectively, occupies a kinetically more stable position than in an alignment in the recovered centrifugal force position and the equivalent of -25 even at low rotor speed of the rotor shaft (eg at 1500 rpm) exerts a high impact, yet can easily be swung back when struck against a fixed resistance, e.g. a stone. In addition, due to the limitation of the forward swing end position, which continues the cutting edges of the percussion blades, less force is required to operate the apparatus, namely at higher cutting and perforating forces of the individual percussion blades. However, the apparatus designed in this way has the disadvantage that it is of a relatively large, clumsy and heavy structure. This in turn makes it difficult

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3 at udforme et sådant apparat således, at det også kan anvendes til små traktorer eller som påbygnings-arbejds-hoved på en sving- og knækbar udliggerarm. Hidtil har dette kun kunnet opnås ved en reduktion af apparatets 5 arbejdsbredde, fordi vægten kun kan reduceres på denne måde. Herved sker der imidlertid ikke nogen ændring af apparatet med hensyn til forannævnte uheldige opbygning.3 to design such an apparatus so that it can also be used for small tractors or as an attachment work head on a swingable and bracket boom. To date, this has only been achieved by reducing the working width of the apparatus 5, because the weight can only be reduced in this way. However, this does not change the apparatus with respect to the aforementioned unfortunate construction.

Opfindelsen har til opgave at udforme det indled-10 ningsvis omhandlede apparat på en sådan måde, at der skabes mulighed for at opnå en væsentligt mindre og lettere opbygning - for derved at forbedre og forøge apparatets anvendelses- og udformningsmuligheder, idet det især skal benyttes til små traktorer eller som påbyg-15 nings-arbejdshoved.It is the object of the invention to design the apparatus referred to in the preamble in such a way as to allow for a substantially smaller and easier construction - thereby improving and increasing the application and design possibilities of the apparatus, in particular to be used for small tractors or as superstructure work heads.

Til opnåelse heraf er apparatet ifølge opfindelsen ejendommeligt ved, at begrænsningen af hver slagknivs fremadsvingningsendestilling sker ved en umiddelbar samvirken mellem rotorakselen og en forbi ledbolten 20 forlænget ende af knivskaftet.To achieve this, the apparatus according to the invention is peculiar in that the restriction of the forward swing end position of each percussion knife is effected by an immediate interaction between the rotor shaft and an extended end of the knife shaft 20.

Yderligere træk og fordelagtige enkeltheder ved apparatet ifølge opfindelsen fremgår af kravene 2-7.Further features and advantageous details of the apparatus according to the invention are set forth in claims 2-7.

På grund af, at der ved apparatet ifølge opfindelsen ikke mere kræves en særlig, mellem holdevangerne 25 anbragt anslagsbolt til begrænsning af slagknivenes fremadsvingningsendestilling, idet denne begrænsning nu sker ved den umiddelbare samvirken mellem knivskaftet og rotorakselen, sparer man ikke blot vægten af selve anslagsbolten, men opnår også en afkortning af holdevan-30 gerne og af selve slagknivene, således at apparatet bliver af en mindre og lettere opbygning, men stadig har de samme fordele med hensyn til arbejds- og driftsmåde som det kendte apparat. For samme antal og bredde af de på rotorakselen forhåndenværende slagknive kan der på denne 35 måde (bortfald af anslagsbolten, afkortning af holdevan-Because the apparatus according to the invention no longer requires a special impact bolt placed between the retaining vanes 25 to limit the forward swing end position of the knives, since this restriction is now effected by the immediate interaction between the knife shaft and the rotor shaft, not only does the weight of the impact bolt itself save but also achieves a shortening of the holding habits and of the percussion knives themselves, so that the apparatus becomes of a smaller and lighter structure, but still has the same advantages in terms of working and operation as the known apparatus. For the same number and width of the impact blades present on the rotor shaft, in this way (loss of the impact bolt, shortening of holding water

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4 gerne og afkorting af slagknivenes længde), opnås en vægtreduktion på ca. 1,8 kg pr. knivanbringelse, hvilket betyder, at vægten -f.eks. ved en arbejdsbredde på 1,30 m - kun andrager 200 kg - i forhold til en vægt på 5 220 kg ved en arbe jdsbredde på 1,10 m af et apparat af den hidtidige udførelse. Dertil kommer, at der opnås en væsentligt mindre og mere kompakt opbygning af hele apparatet, især med hensyn til udformningen af beskyttelses- og ledekappen. Med den i krav 6 og 7 foreskrevne 10 udformning opnås der for øvrigt en væsentlig forbedring af apparatets driftssikkerhed.4 and shortening the length of the impact knives), a weight reduction of approx. 1.8 kg per knife insertion, which means that the weight, e.g. at a working width of 1.30 m - only 200 kg - compared to a weight of 5 220 kg at a working width of 1,10 m of an apparatus of the previous embodiment. In addition, a substantially smaller and more compact structure of the entire apparatus is obtained, especially with regard to the design of the protective and guide sheath. Furthermore, with the configuration of claims 6 and 7, a substantial improvement in the operational safety of the apparatus is achieved.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende ved en udførelsesform under henvisning til tegningen, hvor * fig. 1 viser et tværsnit af en rotoraksel med et 15 slagkniv-hoIdearrangement ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 i mindre skala et delbillede set i retning af en pil X i fig. 1, og fig. 3 et tværsnit - som i fig. 1 - af en slagkniv i en fra en ledbolt løftet stilling.The invention will be further explained in the following by an embodiment with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor shaft having a hammer head arrangement according to the invention; FIG. 2 on a smaller scale, a partial view seen in the direction of an arrow X in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross section - as in FIG. 1 - of an impact knife in a position lifted from an articulated bolt.

20 Den på tegningen viste rotoraksel 2, der på kendt måde har et antal slagknive 1 på sin omkreds, drives i retning af en pil a. Rotorakselen 2 med slagknivene 1 danner en skærerotor, der på sædvanlig måde er lejret med en horisontal drejeakse 3 i et ma-25 skinstativ, der omfatter en beskyttelses- og ledekappe, og som ikke kræver nærmere illustration. Længderi af skærerotoren, der roterer om den horisontale drejeakse 3, bestemmer apparatets arbejdsbredde. Slagknivene er anbragt forsat for hinanden i flere parallelle rækker på 30 rotorakselen 2. Af hensyn til enkeltheden er der på tegningen kun vist én af disse slagknive 1.The rotor shaft 2 shown in the drawing, which in a known manner has a plurality of impact blades 1 on its circumference, is driven in the direction of an arrow a. The rotor shaft 2 with the impact blades 1 forms a cutting rotor, which is usually mounted with a horizontal pivot axis 3 in a machine 25 frame comprising a protective and guide sheath and which does not require further illustration. Length of the cutting rotor rotating about the horizontal pivot axis 3 determines the working width of the apparatus. The percussion knives are arranged in front of each other in several parallel rows on the rotor shaft 2. For the sake of simplicity, only one of these percussion knives 1 is shown in the drawing.

Hver af slagknivene 1 er lejret begrænset fremad- og tilbagesvingbart på rotorakselen 2 ved hjælp af to holdevanger 5, der mellem sig bærer en parallelt 35 med drejeaksen 3 beliggende ledbolt 4 og derved dan-Each of the impact knives 1 is mounted limited forwards and backwards on the rotor shaft 2 by means of two holding vanes 5 which carry between them a joint bolt 4 located parallel to the pivot axis 3 and thereby

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5 ner en holde- respektive lejebuk. I fig. 1 er slagkniven 1's mulige tilbagesvingningsendestilling vist punkteret, medens slagkniven l's fremadsvingningsendestil-ling er vist med fuldt optrukket linie. Det vil ses, at 5 i fremadsvingningsendestillingen er slagkniven 11 s skærekant lb - i forhold til rotorakselen 2' s dreje-retning a - beliggende forsat tilbage bag ved et plan 7, som forbinder rotorakselen 2's akse 3 med ledbolten 4's midterakse 6.5 provides a holding and bearing book respectively. In FIG. 1, the possible back swing end position of the impact knife 1 is shown punctured, while the forward swing end position of the impact knife 1 is shown in full line. It will be seen that 5 in the forward swing end position is the cutting edge 11b of the percussion blade 11b - relative to the pivot direction a of the rotor shaft 2 - located backwards behind a plane 7 which connects the axis 3 of the rotor shaft 2 with the center axis 6 of the articulated bolt 4.

10 Til begrænsning af hver slagkniv l's fremad- svingningsendestilling forudses der en umiddelbar samvirken mellem rotorakselen 2 og en forbi ledbolten 4 forlænget ende 8 af knivskaftet lc. Med henblik herpå er knivskaftet lc - under indeslutning af to udbugt-15 ninger 9, 10 - udført bølgeformet, hvorved knivskaftet lc's ende 8, der ved 11 kan bringes i virkeforbindelse med rotorakselen 2, er dannet af det bølgeformede skafts fri endegren. Det bølgeformede knivskaft lc er udformet således, at det med sin første udbugtning 9 20 griber områdevis over ledbolten 4, hvorved udbugtnin-gen 9, der optager ledbolten 4, er overdækket af en sikringsplade 12, som er fastgjort løsbart på knivskaftet. Sikringspladen 12 er fastgjort på knivskaftet med en skrue 13, der strækker sig gennem knivskaftet, 25 og hvis gevindende strækker sig gennem en tværboring 14 i en rundbolt 15, der er lejret løst i den anden udbugtning 10, og som danner en i udbugtningen 10 dre-jesikkert fastholdt møtrik for skruen 13.10 For limiting the forward pivot end position of each impact knife 1, an immediate interaction between the rotor shaft 2 and a lengthened end 8 of the knife shaft 1c is extended beyond the articulated bolt 4. To this end, the knife shaft 1c - while enclosing two bends 15, 10 - is made of a waveform, whereby the end 8 of the knife shaft 1c, which can be brought into contact with the rotor shaft 2, is formed by the free end branch of the waveform shaft. The corrugated knife shaft 1c is designed so that, with its first bend 9, it engages regionally over the hinge bolt 4, whereby the hump 9 which receives the hinge bolt 4 is covered by a securing plate 12 which is detachably fixed to the knife shaft. The securing plate 12 is secured to the knife shaft by a screw 13 extending through the knife shaft 25 and whose threading extends through a transverse bore 14 in a round bolt 15 loosely mounted in the second bulge 10 and forming one in the bulge 10 - securely tightened nut for screw 13.

Den i det foranstående beskrevne udformning mu-30 liggør ikke blot, at såvel den radiale udstrækning af holdevangerne 5 som ledbolten 41 s afstand fra rotorakselen 2 kan holdes forholdsvis lille, hvorved også længden af slagknivene 1 kan reduceres, idet den også muliggør en yderligere sikring af slagkniven mod en løs-35 ning respektive fjernelse fra lejebukken i centrifugal-The embodiment described above not only makes it possible that both the radial extension of the retaining vanes 5 and the distance from the rotor shaft 41 from the rotor shaft 2 can be kept relatively small, thereby also reducing the length of the impact knives 1, as well as enabling further securing of the percussion knife toward a solution or removal from the bearing block in the centrifugal

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6 kraftens retning udad. Som det fremgår af fig. 3, kan det bølgeformede knivskaft lc nemlig udformes og dimensioneres således, at det ved fjernet sikringsplade 12 - fastkiler sig i hver stilling af slagkniven mellem 5 rotorakselen 2 og ledbolten 4 og derved forbliver fikseret i mellemrummet mellem rotorakselen 2 og ledbolten 4. Ved forsøg på at fjerne slagkniven uden sikringspladen fra lejebukken i centrifugalretning udad fra rotorakselen danner det bølgeformede knivskaft nemlig 10 tre understøtninger 16, 17 og 18, som bevirker dets fastkiling mellem rotorakselen 2 og ledbolten 4 og sikrer, at der kun er mulighed for en fjernelse respektive løsning af slagkniven 1 fra lejebukken indad, dvs. i en pilretning d. På denne måde opnås der en for-15 øget driftssikkerhed.6 the direction of force outward. As shown in FIG. 3, the corrugated knife shaft 1c can be designed and dimensioned so that at the removed securing plate 12 - it locks into each position of the impact knife between the rotor shaft 2 and the hinge bolt 4, thereby remaining fixed in the space between the rotor shaft 2 and the hinge bolt 4. removing the impact knife without the securing plate from the bearing plate in the centrifugal direction outwardly from the rotor shaft, the corrugated knife shaft namely 10 provides three supports 16, 17 and 18 which effect its wedge between the rotor shaft 2 and the articulated bolt 4 and ensure that only a removal or solution is possible. the impact knife 1 from the bearing bracket inwards, ie. in an arrow direction d. In this way, increased reliability is achieved.

Opfindelsen er ikke begrænset til den beskrevne og illustrerede udførelsesform, selv om det drejer sig om en foretrukken udførelse, idet der inden for opfindelsens ramme er mulighed for at virkeliggøre opfindel-20 sen på andre måder. Således kan f.eks. knivskaftet i tilslutning til den første udbugtning 9 til lejring af ledbolten 4 også have en endedel, der er udformet med et ring- eller cirkelformet tværsnit, og hvis yderdiameter er noget større end afstanden mellem rotorakselen 2 25 og ledbolten 4, hvorved der kan opnås i hovedsagen samme effekt som ved den beskrevne udførelsesform, idet begrænsningen af slagknivens fremadsvingningsendestil-ling også i dette tilfælde sker ved en umiddelbar samvirken mellem rotorakselen og en forbi ledbolten for-30 længet ende af knivskaftet - og der derudover sikres effektivt mod en fjernelse af slagkniven i retning ud ad.The invention is not limited to the described and illustrated embodiment, although it is a preferred embodiment, since in the scope of the invention it is possible to implement the invention in other ways. Thus, e.g. the knife shaft adjacent to the first bend 9 for bearing of the articulation bolt 4 also has an end portion formed with an annular or circular cross-section, the outer diameter of which is somewhat larger than the distance between the rotor shaft 2 and the articulation bolt 4, substantially the same effect as in the described embodiment, the restriction of the forward swing end position of the impact knife also occurring in this case by an immediate interaction between the rotor shaft and an extended end of the cutter shaft - and in addition effectively being effective against the removal of the impact knife. outward direction.

Claims

A cutting apparatus having a cutting rotor rotating about a horizontal axis in a machine frame comprising a protective and guide sheath, and wherein the cutting rotor has a number of forward and backwardly mounted bearing rotors on a rotor shaft; the bottom region of the rotor shaft rotating axis of the apparatus is disposed individually, spaced apart from and parallel to the pivot axis of the rotor shaft and with their cutting edges directed parallel to said pivot axis, and which in their forward swing end position are limited so that their cutting edges in relation to the rotor shaft's direction of rotation - is left behind the plane connecting the rotary shaft of the rotor shaft to the center axis of the arbor, characterized in that the restriction of the forward pivot end position of each percussion knife (1) occurs by an immediate interaction between the rotor shaft (2) and one past the arbor. (4) extended end (8) of the knife shaft (lc).

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife shaft (1c) is enclosed in the form of two protuberances (9,10) and is corrugated and that the end of the knife shaft (8) which can be brought into contact with the rotor shaft (2), is formed by the free end branch of the corrugated shaft 25.

Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the corrugated knife shaft (1c), with its first bend (9), engages regionally over the hinge bolt (4) and the bend which receives the hinge bolt is covered by a securing element. (12), which is detachably attached to the knife shaft.

Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the securing element (12) is secured to the knife shaft with a fastening means (13) which extends through the knife shaft (1c) and is retained in the second protrusion (10).

Apparatus according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the securing element (12) consists of a plate 5 and the fastening means (13) of a screw that is screwed into a round bolt (15) which is mounted in the second bulge. (10) and has a threaded cross bore (14).

Apparatus according to one or more of claims 3-5, characterized in that the knife shaft (1c) is designed and dimensioned so that, by removing the securing element (12), it clings to each position of the impact knife (1) between the rotor shaft (2) and the articulated bolt (4) thereby ensuring the impact knife against a solution and removal in the outward direction.

Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the knife shaft (1) forms three supports (16, 17, 18) which effect its wedge wedge between the rotor shaft (2) and the articulated bolt (4).