DK152402B

DK152402B - APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC SPRAYING OF THE HEAD OF BACK-SPELLED BODY

Info

Publication number: DK152402B
Application number: DK326485A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Arne Laursen
Original assignee: Slagteriernes Forskningsinst
Priority date: 1985-07-18
Filing date: 1985-07-18
Publication date: 1988-02-29
Also published as: DK326485D0; DK326485A; DK152402C

Description

-1--1-

DK 152402BDK 152402B

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et apparat til automatisk flækning af hovedet på rygflækkede slagtekroppe, der er ophængt i bagbenen»3, hvilket apparat omfatter en flækkeindretning med en kraftpåvirket flækkekniv og én eller flere styre- og anlægsflader for slagtekroppens hoved.The present invention relates to an apparatus for automatically splicing the head of back-speckled carcasses suspended in the hind legs 3, which apparatus comprises a splicing device with a force-spliced splicing knife and one or more guide and abutment surfaces for the carcass head.

5 På svineslagterier fremføres slagtekroppene ophængt i deres bagben mellem de forskellige manuelle og automatiske behandlingsstationer. Efter udtagning af indvolde midt flækkes slagtekroppene, fx i en midt flækkemaskine med rundsav.5 At pig slaughterhouses, the carcasses are suspended in their hind legs between the various manual and automatic processing stations. After removing the viscera in the middle, the carcasses are stripped, for example in a middle stripper with circular saw.

For at lette den videre transport og behandling i slagteriet foretrækkes 10 det ofte, at slagtekroppen ikke adskilles helt i to halvparter, men forbliver sammenhængende i trynen. Ved midtflækningen standses saven derfor fortrinsvis, inden den helt har gennemskåret slagtekroppen.In order to facilitate the further transport and processing in the slaughterhouse, it is often preferred that the carcass is not separated completely into two halves but remains coherent in the stern. Therefore, at the center spot, the saw is preferably stopped before it has completely cut the carcass.

I praksis er det imidlertid vanskeligt at bestemme, hvornår maskinens værktøj skal standses, så det ikke gennemskærer trynebrusket. Endvidere 15 slider det meget på savbladet, når det skal arbejde sig igennem kraniet og underkæbens hårde tænder. Almindeligvis standses saven derfor umiddelbart efter at slagtekroppen er rygflækket. Slagtekroppens hoved flækkes derefter ved hjælp af et manuelt betjent flækkeværktøj, se fx dansk patent nr. 146.991.In practice, however, it is difficult to determine when the machine tool should be stopped so that it does not cut through the cartilage. Furthermore, it wears a lot on the saw blade when it has to work its way through the skull and the lower teeth of the lower jaw. Therefore, the saw is usually stopped immediately after the carcass is spotted. The carcass head is then stripped using a manually operated stripping tool, see, for example, Danish Patent No. 146,991.

20 Den foreliggende opfindelse har til formål at angive et apparat, som på de almindeligt forekommende slagtelinier kan flække hovedet på rygflækkede slagtekroppe, uden at trynedelen eller -brusket bliver gennemskåret. Appa-ratet skal kunne fungere automatisk uden nogen operatør, og det skal endvidere være så funktionssikkert, at det kun sjældent vil kræve opmærksom-25 hed fra operatører, beskæftiget ved andre arbejdsoperationer.The present invention has for its object to provide an apparatus capable of tearing the head of back-speckled carcasses on the common slaughter lines without cutting the trunk portion or cartilage. The device must be able to operate automatically without any operator, and it must also be so functional that it will rarely require the attention of operators employed in other work operations.

• · · -2-• · · -2-

DK 152402BDK 152402B

Apparatet ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved, at det omfatter en i det væsentlige lodret anbragt pneumatisk eller hydraulisk cylinder, i hvis stempelstang flækkeindretningen er hængslet ophængt i en hængseldel med vandret svingakse, at flækkeindretningen er forsynet med en slidske 5 eller tragtformet flade, hvis længderetning står vinkelret på hængseldelens svingakse, hvilken flade i den længst fra hængseldelen beliggende ende er udformet med en stopflade for hovedet, der skal flækkes, at flækkekniven er fastgjort på den frie ende af en pneumatisk eller hydraulisk cylinders stempelstang, og at der til aktivering af denne cylinder 10 findes en signalgiver, der påvirkes, når hængelsesdelens svingvinkel overskrider en indstillelig tærskelværdi.The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a substantially vertical pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, in which the piston rod of the splitting device is hinged suspended in a hinge part with a horizontal pivot axis, that the splitting device is provided with a slit 5 or funnel-shaped surface whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the pivot axis of the hinge member, which face is formed at the farthest end of the hinge member with a stop surface for the head to be tipped, that the tapping knife is secured to the free end of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder piston rod and that for activating this cylinder 10 there is a signal sensor which is affected when the pivot angle of the hinge member exceeds an adjustable threshold.

Ved at udforme apparatet på den omhandlede måde opnår man, at hovedet automatisk placeres på de for flækkeoperationen nødvendige støtteflader, og samtidigt svinges flækkekniven ind i kroppens rygsnitåbning, hvorfra den, 15 styret af den flækkede rygsøjles to halvparter, kan udføre en korrekt ho-vedflækning.By designing the apparatus in the manner described, it is achieved that the head is automatically placed on the support surfaces required for the splicing operation, and at the same time the splicing knife is pivoted into the body's spinal opening, from which it, guided by the two half parts of the spinal spine, can carry out a correct high splicing .

Flækkeindretningens cylinder aktiveres automatisk på et tidspunkt, der sikrer, at flækkeoperationen ikke påbegyndes førend hovedet er korrekt positioneret på støttefladerne.The splitting device cylinder is automatically activated at a time to ensure that the splitting operation is not started until the head is properly positioned on the support surfaces.

20 Apparatet har en kort arbejdscyklus, hvilket er nødvendigt på de almindeligt forekommende svineslagtelinier, der behandler 150-300 slagtesvin pr. time.The apparatus has a short duty cycle, which is necessary on the common pig slaughter lines that treat 150-300 pigs per day. hour.

Ifølge en foretrukket udførelsesform er cylinderens cylinderhus svingbart ophængt med en svingakse, der er parallel med hængseldelens svingakse.According to a preferred embodiment, the cylinder housing of the cylinder is pivotally suspended by a pivot axis parallel to the pivot portion of the hinge member.

25 Det er hermed muligt at anvende en forholdsvis kort slidske- eller tragtformet flade, og slaglængden af den pneumatiske eller hydrauliske cylinder kan gøres tilsvarende kort. Ved denne udførelsesform fås endvidere en sikker anbringelse af hovedet på støttefladerne, selv om slagtekroppene varierer betydeligt i længde.It is thus possible to use a relatively short slotted or funnel-shaped surface, and the stroke of the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder can be made correspondingly short. In this embodiment, the head is also placed securely on the support surfaces, although the carcasses vary considerably in length.

« · · -3-«· · -3-

DK 152402 BDK 152402 B

Det foretrækkes endvidere, at der parallelt med og uden om flækkekniven findes styreplader, der via fjederorganer er således forbundet med kniven, at de bevæges sammen med denne, men stopper, når de rammer bunden af slagtekroppens rygsnit, medens kniven kan fortsætte under frilæggelse af 5 knivæggen. En sådan konstruktion hindrer, at kniven griber fat i udragende kropsdele, fx torntappe, under indføringen i rygsnittet, og desuden bliver kniven centreret i rygsnittet, og hovedet rettet op, inden den egentlige hovedflækning.It is further preferred that, parallel to and around the splitting knife, there are guide plates which, via spring means, are so connected to the knife that they are moved together with it, but stop when they hit the bottom of the carcass back section, while the knife can continue during release of the knife. the cutting edge. Such a construction prevents the knife from gripping protruding body parts, for example thorn pins, during insertion into the back section, and in addition, the knife is centered in the back section and the head straightened before the actual main speck.

Ved en udførelsesform af apparatet ifølge opfindelsen er flækkeindret-10 ningen forsynet med en styrestang stående i det væsentlige vinkelret på længderetningen af den slidske- eller tragtformede flade og beregnet til at gribe ind i kroppens V-formede rygsnit ved flækkeindretningens svingning om hængseldelen. En sådan styrestang letter den første fase af knivens indsvingning i rygsnittet, idet stangen let kan finde ind i den 15 øvre, brede del af V'et, som dannes af de to kropshalvparter.In one embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the splitting device is provided with a guide rod which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slit or funnel-shaped surface and intended to engage the body V-shaped back section by the swinging of the splitting device about the hinge part. Such a guide rod facilitates the first phase of the blade's swing into the back section, the rod being easily found in the upper upper portion of the V formed by the two body halves.

Det foretrækkes, at styrestangen er fastgjort på styrepladerne, der findes parallelt med og uden om flækkekniven.It is preferred that the guide bar be secured to the guide plates located parallel to and around the splitting knife.

En yderligere udførelsesform af apparatet ifølge opfindelsen består i, at der på langsiderne af den slidske- eller tragtformede flade er anbragt V-20 stillede ledeplader. Herved opnås, at hovedet af en svingende slagtekrop ledes korrekt ned til den slidske- eller tragtformede flade, I flækkeindretningen kan flækkekniven endvidere være således anbragt, at knivæggen danner en spids vinkel med længderetningen af den slidske- eller tragtformede flade. Hovedet klemmes derved ned mod støttefladerne, 25 samtidig med at det flækkes, således at hovedet ikke kan bevæges under den meget kraftfulde hovedflækning.A further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention consists in the fact that on the long sides of the slit or funnel-shaped surface V-20 positioned guide plates are arranged. Hereby, the head of a swinging carcass is obtained correctly directed down to the slotted or funnel-shaped surface. In the splitting device, the splitting knife can furthermore be arranged such that the knife wall forms an acute angle with the longitudinal direction of the slotted or funnel-shaped surface. The head is thereby clamped down on the supporting surfaces, while being stripped so that the head cannot be moved during the very powerful main stain.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende i forbindelse med en udførelsesform for apparatet og under henvisning til tegningen, hvori fig. 1 viser apparatet set fra siden og til dels i snit, 50 fig. 2 samme apparat under udførelse af en hovedflækning på en rygflækket svineslagtekrop.The invention will be explained in more detail below in connection with an embodiment of the apparatus and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows the apparatus in side view and partly in section, FIG. 2 shows the same apparatus performing a main speck on a spotted pig carcass.

DK 152402BDK 152402B

-4--4-

Apparatet i fig. 1 og 2 omfatter en pneumatisk cylinder 1, hvis hus er fastgjort til loftet eller et stativ ved hjælp af en konsol 2 med dreje-tappe 3. Cylinderens stempelstang 4 har i sin frie ende en hængseldel 5, hvori en flækkeindretning 6 er ophængt på en sådan måde, at den frit kan 5 svinge om hængslets svingaksel. Fig 1 viser hvilestillingen.The apparatus of FIG. 1 and 2 comprise a pneumatic cylinder 1, the housing of which is secured to the ceiling or a stand by means of a bracket 2 with a pivot pin 3. The piston rod 4 of the cylinder has at its free end a hinge part 5, in which a splitting device 6 is suspended on a such that it can freely swing about the pivot shaft of the hinge. Fig. 1 shows the resting position.

Flækkeindretningen 6 har en af to halvparter bestående slidske 7, der bæres af to plader 8 og 9. Langs kanterne er slidsken forsynet med V-stillede ledeplader 10, der danner en art tragt for hovedet, der skal flækkes. For tydelighedens skyld er på tegningen kun vist den fjernest 10 liggende slidskehalvpart og ledeplade.The splitting device 6 has one of two half-part slots 7 carried by two plates 8 and 9. Along the edges, the slots are provided with V-position guiding plates 10, which form a kind of funnel for the head to be broken. For the sake of clarity, only the farthest slotted half and baffle are shown in the drawing.

Mellem de V-stillede ledeplader 10 findes en tredie, skråtstillet lede-plade· 41 , der forneden går over i slidsken, således at de sammen danner en tragt beregnet for hovedets tryne.Between the V-positioned guiding plates 10 is a third, inclined guiding plate · 41, which is lowered into the slit, so that together they form a funnel intended for the head of the head.

På en mellem pladerne 8 og 9 fastgjort stang 12 løber en med en opstan-15 der 13 forsynet bøsning 14. Opstanderen er anbragt mellem de to slidske-halvparter og kan således forskydes i sporet mellem halvparterne.On a rod 12 fixed between the plates 8 and 9, a bushing 14 provided with an upright 13 runs 14. The upright is arranged between the two slit halves and can thus be displaced in the groove between the halves.

Opstanderen 13 bærer en skråtstillet flækkekniv 15, og desuden findes to styreplader 16, én på hver side af kniven. Pladerne er foroven fastgjort til en ikke-vist bøsning, der løber på en til opstanderen 13 fastgjort 20 stang, og mellem bøsningen og opstanderen findes der en trykfjeder 17 på stangen, således at styrepladerne 16 i den upåvirkede tilstand, vist i fig. 1, rager ud over knivens æg 18.The upright 13 carries an inclined splitting knife 15, and in addition there are two guide plates 16, one on each side of the knife. The plates are fixed at the top to a sleeve which is not shown running on a 20 rod attached to the upright 13 and between the bush and the upright there is a compression spring 17 on the rod, so that the guide plates 16 in the unaffected state, shown in FIG. 1, protruding beyond the knife's egg 18.

En styrestang 19 er fastgjort til styrepladerne.A guide rod 19 is attached to the guide plates.

Knivarrangementet bestående af bøsningen 14, opstanderen 13, kniven 15, 25 styrepladerne 16 og styrestangen 19 kan forskydes på stangen 12 ved hjælp af en hydraulisk knivcylinder 20, hvis stempelstang 21 er fastgjort til opstanderen 13.The knife arrangement consisting of bush 14, upright 13, knife 15, 25 guide plates 16 and guide rod 19 can be displaced on rod 12 by means of a hydraulic knife cylinder 20, whose piston rod 21 is attached to upright 13.

* · ·* · ·

DK 152402BDK 152402B

-5--5-

Apparatet kan fx anvendes i forbindelse med en maskine til automatisk ryg-flækning af svineslagtekroppe. Efter at slagtekroppen er rygflækket og transporteret ud af maskinen, hænger den et kort tidsrum stille på slagteliniens giidestang, inden den igen fremføres af conveyorens med-5 bringer. Dette korte tidsrum kan anvendes til at flække hovedet på slagtekroppen ved hjælp af det her beskrevne apparat.The apparatus can be used, for example, in connection with a machine for automatic back spotting of pig carcasses. After the carcass is spotted and transported out of the machine, it hangs quietly for a short period of time on the slaughter line's guide rod before it is brought forward again by the conveyor's conveyor. This short period of time can be used to tear the head of the carcass by means of the apparatus described herein.

Funktionen er følgende:The function is as follows:

Efter at en rygflækket svineslagtekrop 22 er bragt til standsning ud for apparatet, aktiveres cylinderen 1, der drives med luft af nogle få atmos-10 færes tryk. Stempelstangen 4 og den hertil hængslede flækkeindretning 6 trækkes herved lodret opad mod slagtekroppen, og under denne bevægelse sørger ledepladerne 10 og 11 for, at kroppens tryne ledes korrekt ned i slidsken 7. Trynen gør her modstand mod den fortsatte lodrette bevægelse af slidsken 7, og flækkeindretningen 6 svinger derfor i urets retning om 15 hængseldelen 5. Efterhånden som stempelstangen 4 bevæger sig højere opad, glider trynen nedad i den stadigt mere hældende slidske 7, indtil trynen stoppes for enden af slidsken på grund af pladen 11's tragtvirkning. Stempelstangen 4's bevægelse fortsætter et stykke tid endnu, indtil hovedets panderegion er kommet til anlæg mod slidsken 7, som vist i fig. 2.After a back-stained pig slaughter body 22 is stopped off the apparatus, the cylinder 1, which is driven by air by a few atmospheres of pressure, is activated. The piston rod 4 and the hinged splitting device 6 are hereby pulled vertically upwards towards the carcass, and during this movement, the guide plates 10 and 11 ensure that the body's thrust is properly guided into the slide 7. The throttle here resists the continued vertical movement of the slide 7, and Therefore, the splitting device 6 pivots clockwise around the hinge portion 5. As the piston rod 4 moves higher upwardly, the throne slides downward in the ever-sloping slit 7 until the throne is stopped at the end of the slider due to the funnel action of the plate 11. The movement of the piston rod 4 continues for a while until the forehead region of the head has come into contact with the wear slide 7, as shown in FIG. 2nd

20 Her stoppes bevægelsen efter signal fra en signalgiver, der detekterer, når hængseldelens svingvinkel overskrider en indstillet tærskelværdi.20 Here, the movement is stopped after signal from a signal detector which detects when the swing angle of the hinge part exceeds a set threshold value.

Under flækkeindretningens svingning om hængseldelen 5 er styrestangen 19 svunget ind i slagtekroppens rygsnitåbning, hvori styrestangen glider langs de fremragende torntappe og hjælper til med at rette hovedet op, 25 således at det kommer til at ligge i slidskens symmetriplan. Samtidigt hermed svinges den af styrepladerne 16 beskyttede flækkekniv 15 ind i rygsnitåbningen.During the swinging of the splitting device about the hinge part 5, the guide rod 19 is pivoted into the carcass's back cut opening, in which the guide rod slides along the excellent thorn pins and helps to straighten the head 25 so that it will lie in the plane of symmetry of the wearer. At the same time, the splitting knife 15 protected by the guide plates 16 is pivoted into the back cut opening.

Samme signal, som stopper cylinderen 1, aktiverer nu den hydrauliske knivcylinder 20, hvorved flækkearrangementet føres skråt nedad i ryg-30 snittet, mens de på forkanten let afrundede styreplader styrer arrangementet fri af ujævnheder på slagtekroppen, samtidigt med at de centrerer hovedet i forhold til slidskens symmetriplan.The same signal which stops the cylinder 1 now activates the hydraulic knife cylinder 20, whereby the splicing arrangement is led obliquely downwards in the back section, while the slightly rounded guide plates control the arrangement free of bumps on the carcass, while also centering the head relative to the carcass. wear plane symmetry plane.

• · · -6-• · · -6-

DK 152402BDK 152402B

Når styrepladerne rammer rygsnittets bund, frilægges flækkeknivens æg, idet pladerne har mulighed for at vige tilbage imod fjederkraftan fra fjederen 17, mens kniven er tvunget til at følge stempelstangen 21's fortsatte bevægelse.When the guide plates strike the bottom of the back cut, the splitting knife's eggs are exposed, the plates having the ability to fold back against the spring force from the spring 17, while the knife is forced to follow the piston rod 21's continued movement.

5 Under en kraft på 1-2 tons fra den hydrauliske knivcylinder 20 skærer flækkekniven sig derefter igennem hovedet langs midterlinien, indtil kniven 15 når trynebrusket. Her bringes kniven til standsning ved hjælp af en på flækkearrangementet anbragt anden signalgiver, der begrænser stempelstangens slag, således at trynebrusket undgår gennemskæring.5 Under a force of 1-2 tons from the hydraulic knife cylinder 20, the splitting knife then cuts through the head along the center line until the knife 15 reaches the cartilage cartilage. Here, the knife is brought to a standstill by means of a second signal transmitter arranged on the splitting arrangement, which limits the stroke of the piston rod so that the cartilage cartridge avoids cutting.

10 Slagtekroppen, der nu er hovedflækket, men stadig sammenhængende i trynebrusket, frigøres fra kniven 15 ved, at flækkearrangementet returnerer til udgangsstillingen ved hjælp af den hydrauliske knivcylinder 20.The carcass, which is now the main patch, but still coherent in the cartilage cartridge, is released from the knife 15 by returning the splitting arrangement to its initial position by the hydraulic knife cylinder 20.

Endvidere udløses stemplet i den pneumatiske cylinder 1, således at flækkeindretningen 6 sænkes og svinger tilbage til den i fig. 1 viste ud-15 gangsstilling, under frigivelse af slagtekroppen, der kan borttransporteres langs slagteliniens giidestang til efterfølgende behandlingsoperationer. Hele den automatiske hovedflækning varer mindre end 10 sek., hvilket er tilstrækkelig hurtigt til, at apparatet kan anvendes på slag-tslinier, der behandler 150-300 slagtekroppe pr. time.Furthermore, the piston is released in the pneumatic cylinder 1, so that the splitting device 6 is lowered and pivots back to the one shown in FIG. 1, during release of the carcass, which can be transported along the slaughter line's guide rod for subsequent processing operations. The entire automatic head patch lasts less than 10 seconds, which is fast enough for the device to be used on stroke lines that treat 150-300 carcasses per second. hour.

Claims

An apparatus for automatically tapping the head of back-raked carcasses (22) suspended in the hind legs, which comprises a splitting device (6) with a power-operated splitting knife (15), and one or more guide and abutment surfaces for the carcass head; characterized in that it comprises a substantially vertically arranged pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (1), in which the piston rod (4) the splitting device (6) is hinged suspended in a hinge part (5) with a horizontal pivot axis, that the splitting device (6) is provided with a slotted or funnel-shaped surface (7), the longitudinal direction of which is perpendicular to the pivot axis of the hinge part, which face (7) is formed at the end farthest from the hinge part, with a stop surface (11) for the head to be frayed; the splitting knife (15) is fixed to the free end of a piston rod (21) of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, and that for activating this cylinder (20), a signal sensor is actuated when the pivot angle (5) turns electricity exceeds an adjustable threshold.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder housing of the cylinder (1) is pivotally suspended with a pivot axis which is parallel to the pivot axis (5).

Apparatus according to claims 1-2, characterized in that, in parallel with and around the splitting knife, there are guide plates (16) which are connected via spring means (17) to the knife (15) so that they are moved together with it. , but is stopped when they hit the bottom of the carcass back, while the knife can continue while uncovering the knife wall (18).

Apparatus according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the splitting device (6) has a guide rod (19) which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slotted or funnel-shaped surface (7) and intended to engage the body V -shaped back sections at the pivot device pivot about the hinge portion (5).

Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide rod (19) is fixed to the guide plates (16). • »· DK 152402 B -8-

Apparatus according to claims 1-5, characterized in that V-positioned guide plates (10) are arranged on the long sides of the slotted or funnel-shaped surface (7).

Apparatus according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the splitting knife 5 (15) is arranged such that the knife wall (18) forms an acute angle with the longitudinal direction of the slotted or funnel-shaped surface (7).