DK152295B - METHOD OF FILTERING OEL - Google Patents
METHOD OF FILTERING OEL Download PDFInfo
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- DK152295B DK152295B DK260479AA DK260479A DK152295B DK 152295 B DK152295 B DK 152295B DK 260479A A DK260479A A DK 260479AA DK 260479 A DK260479 A DK 260479A DK 152295 B DK152295 B DK 152295B
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- Prior art keywords
- starch
- filter
- beer
- process according
- filtration
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
- C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
- C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
- C12H1/0416—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material
- C12H1/0424—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material with the aid of a polymer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
- B01D37/02—Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Description
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Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til filtrering af øl i forbindelse med fremstilling af dette ved afslutningen af den efter gæringen følgende lagringsperiode, med henblik på at give øllet en optimal klarhed, at f jer-5 ne de tilstedeværende mikroorganismer i maksimal udstrækning og at stabilisere øllet ved tilbageholdelse af ustabile kolloidale partikler.The invention relates to a method for filtering beer in connection with the preparation thereof at the end of the post-fermentation storage period, in order to provide the beer with optimum clarity, to maximize the microorganisms present and to stabilize the beer at retention of unstable colloidal particles.
Fremstillingen af øl omfatter i den praktiske industri et afsluttende filtreringstrin, der er beregnet 10 til at klare væsken og derved give den en optimal transparens og brillans og i videst udstrækning fjerne de mikroorganismer , der er tilstede, og stabilisere den nævnte væske ved at tilbageholde de ustabile, kolloide partikler, som ville bundfældes under opbevaringen.The production of beer comprises in the practical industry a final filtration step, which is intended to clear the liquid and thereby give it optimal transparency and brilliance and to a great extent remove the microorganisms present and stabilize said liquid by retaining the liquid. unstable, colloidal particles that would settle during storage.
15 Indtil idag har man til udførelse af dette fil treringstrin anvendt filtreringsmidler af mineralsk eller celluloseagtig natur. Midlerne af mineralsk natur vælges i det væsentlige blandt diatoméjord eller kisel-gur, perliter og asbest, medens de celluloseagtige midler 20 vælges blandt filtrerpapirer, kartoner og tilfældigt orienterede celluloser, idet kun de mineralske midler hidtil har fået reel succes på industrielt plan og i det væsentlige vælges blandt kiselgur, som er blevet underkastet en forbehandling, som navnlig omfatter et calcinerings-25 trin og et granulometrisk sorteringstrin.To date, filtration agents of a mineral or cellulosic nature have been used to carry out this filtration step. The mineral nature agents are selected essentially from diatomaceous earth or diatomaceous earth, perlite and asbestos, while the cellulosic agents are selected from filter papers, cartons and randomly oriented celluloses, with only the mineral agents so far having achieved real success at the industrial and commercial levels. essentials are selected from diatomaceous earth which has been subjected to a pretreatment which in particular comprises a calcination step and a granulometric sorting step.
Denne kiselgur svarer faktisk til de betingelser, som fagmænd indenfor området stiller, idet cén ikke indeholder især organiske stoffer, som kan føres med væsken, der filtreres, og den har en tilstrækkelig bakteriologisk 30 kvalitet og en veldefineret partikelstørrelse, eller den kan i det mindste efter ønske justeres, og den har en irregulær partikelform af de ønskede konstituenter. Efter den kendte teknik er en porøs struktur ideel til filtreringen, idet den forsinker tilstopningen. Disse fil- 35 treringsmidler tillader på fuld tilfredsstillende vis at opfylde de tre ovenfor omtalte krav til et filtreringsmiddel, der anvendes til øl.This diatomaceous earth actually meets the conditions set by those skilled in the art, since it does not contain, in particular, organic matter which can be carried with the liquid being filtered and has a sufficient bacteriological quality and a well-defined particle size, or it can at least as desired, is adjusted and has an irregular particle shape of the desired constituents. According to the prior art, a porous structure is ideal for filtration, delaying clogging. These filtration agents allow fully satisfying the three above-mentioned requirements for a filtering agent used for beer.
De frembyder dog en væsentlig ulempe, der ligger 2However, they present a major disadvantage which lies 2
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i filtreringskagens overordentligt forurenende karakter, dvs. den rest, der består af filtreringsmidlet og de, især organiske, legemer, der tilbageholdes eller adsorbe-res.in the extremely polluting nature of the filter cake, ie. the residue consisting of the filtering agent and those, especially organic, retained or adsorbed bodies.
5 Faktisk medfører denne filtreringsrest alvorlige begrænsninger på grund af dens organiske komponenters forurenende karakter.In fact, this filtration residue causes severe limitations due to the pollutant nature of its organic components.
Ved opfindelsen er det tilstræbt at afhjælpe den-10'ne ulempe.It is an object of the invention to remedy the -10 disadvantage.
Det har nu overraskende og uventet vist sig, at på trods af deres organiske karakter, deres størrelsesfordeling, der er meget langt fra kiselgurs, og deres partikelform, der på forhånd må antages at være ufavora-15 bel, er stivelse, især stivelse fra rodfrugter, og især kartofler og maniok, ikke blot gode filtreringsmidler for øl, men de fører også til, at filtreringsresterne ikke bliver forurenede, men med fordel kan anvendes til dyrefoder, endog menneskeføde.It has now surprisingly and unexpectedly been found that, despite their organic nature, their size distribution, which is very far from diatomaceous earth, and their particle shape, which may be assumed in advance to be unfavorable, are starch, especially starch from root vegetables. , and especially potatoes and manioc, are not only good filtering agents for beer, but they also lead to filtering residues not being contaminated, but advantageously used for animal feed, even human food.
20 Filtreringsfremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er således ejendommelig ved, at der anvendes native stivelseskorn fra rodfrugter som hovedfiltreringsmiddel. Som rodfrugtstivelse anvendes helst kartoffel- og manioksti-velse.Thus, the filtration method of the invention is characterized in that native starch grains from root vegetables are used as the main filtration agent. For potato starch, potato and manioc starch are preferably used.
25 Det bemærkes, at native stivelser er sådanne, der ikke har været underkastet nogen kemisk eller fysisk behandling, uafhængigt af deres oprindelse.25 It should be noted that native starches are those which have not been subjected to any chemical or physical treatment, irrespective of their origin.
Det bemærkes, at det fra de britiske patentskrifter nr. 1 082 862 og nr. 1 113 526 er kendt at bruge 30 stivelse som hjælpemiddel ved frafiltrering af gær i forbindelse med fremstilling af bagerigær. Der er dog ikke i de to nævnte skrifter nogen antydning af, at stivelse skulle være et egnet hjælpemiddel ved klarfiltrering af øl ved de sidste trin af dettes fremstilling, og den om-35 stændighed at der ved gærfremstilling opnås et filtrat, hvis klarhed er uden betydning, medfører at en egnethed som filterhjælpemiddel ved gærfabrikation ikke indicerer nogen egnethed til opnåelse af et klart filtrat ved ølfiltrering.It is noted that from British Patent Specifications Nos. 1 082 862 and Nos. 1 113 526, it is known to use 30 starch as auxiliary in the filtration of yeast in connection with the manufacture of bakery yeast. However, there is no indication in the two mentioned citations that starch should be a suitable aid in the clear filtration of beer in the final stages of its preparation, and the fact that in yeast production a filtrate is obtained whose clarity is without significance, means that a suitability as a filter aid in yeast manufacture does not indicate any suitability for obtaining a clear filtrate in beer filtration.
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Endvidere kendes fra en brochure fra firmaet ALFA-LAVAL: "Beer and yeast recovery by filter" anvendelse af kartoffelstivelse som alternativ til kiselgur som filterhjælpemiddel ved filtrering af slam eller bærme, 5 stammende fra bunden af gæringskar og lagringstanke i bryggerier. Den pågældende bærme filtreres under anvendelse af et åbent filter under opnåelse af et filtrat med stærkt formindsket carbondioxidindhold. Det opnåede filtrat blandes med ulagret og uklart øl og gennemgår sammen 10 med dette de resterende trin i den sædvanlige ølfabrikationsproces, herunder klarfiltrering. Brochuren nævner ikke muligheden af til denne klarfiltrering at anvende native stivelseskorn som filterhjælpemiddel. Heller ikke fra denne brochure kan det derfor udledes, at stivelses-15 korn fra rodknoldplanter ville være egnede ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.Furthermore, from a brochure from the company ALFA-LAVAL: "Beer and yeast recovery by filter" is known the use of potato starch as an alternative to diatomaceous earth as filter aid in the filtration of sludge or broths, 5 from the bottom of fermentation vessels and storage tanks in breweries. The carriers concerned are filtered using an open filter to obtain a filtrate of greatly reduced carbon dioxide content. The obtained filtrate is mixed with unpainted and unclear beer and together with it 10 undergo the remaining steps of the usual beer manufacturing process, including clear filtration. The brochure does not mention the possibility of using native starch grains as filter aid for this clear filtration. Nor can it be deduced from this brochure that starch grains from root tubers would be suitable in the method of the invention.
Ifølge en udførelsesmåde for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen udføres filtreringen ved hjælp af et filter, hvorpå der anbringes et forlag, der består af i det 20 mindste 50%, fortrinsvis mindst 70%, af i det mindste én nativ stivelse, resten op til 100% kan bestå af i det mindste ét filtreringshjælpemiddel, der vælges fra gruppen, der består af kiselgur, filtreringsjord og konventionelle filtreringsmidler; stivelsen på den ene side, og 25 filtreringshjælpemidlet på den anden side anbringes fortrinsvis i form af to ovenpå hinanden liggende lag, således at de tilsammen udgør det nævnte forlag.According to an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the filtration is carried out by means of a filter on which is applied a publisher consisting of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of at least one native starch, the remainder up to 100% can be used. consist of at least one filtration aid selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, filtration soil and conventional filtration agents; the starch on the one hand and the filtration aid on the other hand are preferably arranged in the form of two superimposed layers so that they together form the said publisher.
Ifølge en anden udførelsesform for den nævnte fremgangsmåde udføres filtreringen ved at suspendere i 30 det mindste én nativ rodfrugtstivelse, og helst kartoffel- og maniokstivelse, i det øl, der skal filtreres i tilstrækkelig mængde til, at der ikke frembringes en tilstopning af filteret.According to another embodiment of said method, filtration is carried out by suspending at least one native root fruit starch, and preferably potato and manioc starch, in the beer to be filtered in sufficient quantity to prevent clogging of the filter.
Fremgangsmåden kan f.eks. udføres i en filterpres-35 se eller i et filter med rørformede elementer.The method may e.g. is carried out in a filter press or in a filter with tubular elements.
Ifølge en yderligere fordelagtig udførelsesform af den nævnte fremgangsmåde bringes en mængde af den nævnte native stivelse, der er tilstrækkelig til, at der ikke 4According to a further advantageous embodiment of said method, an amount of said native starch sufficient to ensure that
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frembringes tilstopning af filteret, i suspension i den væske, der skal filtreres, og på filteret anbringes et forlag, der består af den samme stivelse, eventuelt blandet med i det mindste ét af de ovennævnte filtrerings-5 hjælpemidler.For example, clogging of the filter is made in suspension in the liquid to be filtered, and a filter consisting of the same starch is optionally placed on the filter, optionally mixed with at least one of the aforementioned filtration aids.
Filtreringsmidlet består af i det mindste én na-tiv rodfrugtstivelse, og helst kartoffel eller maniokstivelse, af en bakteriologisk kvalitet, der er forenelig med dens anvendelse til filtrering af øl, 10 og især skal den være fri for gær og skimmel.The filtration agent consists of at least one native root fruit starch, and most preferably potato or manioc starch, of a bacteriological quality compatible with its use for beer filtration, and in particular it must be free from yeast and mold.
Filtreringsresten kan anvendes til dyrefoder og menneskeføde.The filtration residue can be used for animal feed and human food.
Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende og i de efterfølgende eksempler, der især tager sigte på for-15 delagtige udførelsesformer for opfindelsen.The invention is further explained in the following and in the following Examples, which are particularly directed to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
For at opnå den ønskede bakteriologiske kvalitet er det tilstrækkeligt at underkaste stivelsen en langvarig lagring, dvs. i det mindste 6 måneder, hvorefter der ikke længere vil eksistere levende gær og skimmel.In order to achieve the desired bacteriological quality, it is sufficient to subject the starch to a prolonged storage, ie. for at least 6 months, after which live yeast and mold will no longer exist.
20 Som eksempel kan det nævnes, at en kartoffelsti velse, der var blevet lagret i ca. et år, frembød en bakteriologisk kvalitet, der var næsten perfekt, således som det fremgår af den nedenstående Tabel I, hvor er anført resultaterne fra analyser, der er udført på en så-25 dan stivelse.20 By way of example, a potato starch which had been stored for approx. one year, presented a bacteriological grade that was nearly perfect, as shown in Table I below, which lists the results of assays performed on such a starch.
Tabel ITable I
Mesofile orga- Antal i Termofile Antal i nismer (30°C) 1 g 10 g organismer 9Mesophilic Organ- Number in Thermophilic Number in Niche (30 ° C) 1 g 10 g Organisms 9
Aerobe bakterier 20 30 Enterobakterier 0 SporerAerobic bacteria 20 30 Enterobacteria 0 Spores
Col± 0 obligat 10 Fækale aerobe streptokokker 0 og fakul tative bakterierCol ± 0 required 10 Fecal aerobic streptococci 0 and facultative bacteria
Skimmel 1 35 Gær 0 SyredannendeMold 1 35 Yeast 0 Acid-forming
Sporer af CSR sp°rer 10 (svovlreducerendeSpores of CSR detect 10 (sulfur reducing)
Clostridium) 5 , X „ dannende sporer 0 5Clostridium) 5, X „forming spores 0 5
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Af tabellen fremgår en næsten total elimination af gær og skimmel.The table shows an almost complete elimination of yeast and mold.
Det er dog ligeledes muligt at sterilisere kartoffelstivelsen uden at ændre dens kornstruktur mere end 5 i den foregående fremgangsmåde. For at gøre dette, kan man f.eks. anvende en behandling med ethylenoxid eller propylenoxid efter teknikker, der er kendt for fagmanden og godkendt i visse lande, eller yderligere ved en strålingspasteurisering, dvs. ved en steriliserende behand-10 ling især ved hjælp af gammastråler.However, it is also possible to sterilize the potato starch without changing its grain structure more than 5 in the previous process. To do this, for example, apply a treatment with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide according to techniques known to those skilled in the art and approved in certain countries, or further by a radiation pasteurization, i. by a sterilizing treatment especially by gamma rays.
Den kartoffelstivelse, der anvendes, udgøres af ægformede korn med et væskeindhold på i almindelighed 18 til 20%, og hvis partikelstørrelsesfordeling er vist i den efterfølgende Tabel II sammen med partikelstørrelses-15 fordelingen for en kiselgur, der normalt anvendes som filtreringsmiddel. Ved betragtning af Tabel II ses, hvorledes de to partikelstørrelsesfordelinger er langt fra hinanden, en kendsgerning som skyldes strukturforskellene, kiselgurpartiklerne er af irregulære former, 20 medens stivelsespartiklerne, som ovenfor anført, er ægformede.The potato starch used is made up of egg-shaped grains having a liquid content generally of 18 to 20%, the particle size distribution of which is shown in the following Table II, together with the particle size distribution of a diatomaceous earth normally used as a filtering agent. Considering Table II, how the two particle size distributions are far apart is a fact that is due to the structural differences, the diatomaceous earth particles are of irregular shapes, while the starch particles, as stated above, are egg-shaped.
Det ses ligeledes, at størrelsesfordelingskurven for stivelse er forskudt i retning mod større partikler i forhold til kiselgurs størrelsesfordelingskurve. Det 25 fremgår endvidere af Tabel II, at de største stivelsespartikler er mindre end ca. 100 mikron.It is also seen that the size distribution curve for starch has shifted towards larger particles relative to the size distribution curve of diatomaceous earth. It is further apparent from Table II that the largest starch particles are less than ca. 100 microns.
Hvad angår maniokstivelse består den ligeledes af ægformede korn, derimod er dens størrelsesfordelingskurve forskudt imod de mindre kornstørrelser, således som 30 det fremgår af den nedenstående Tabel.As for manioc starch, it also consists of egg-shaped grains, on the contrary, its size distribution curve is offset against the smaller grain sizes, as shown in the Table below.
Tabel IITable II
Partikelstørrelse x (μπι) Kiselgur Stivelse ' _Kartoffel Maniok x < 5 20% 0,3% 2,2% 5 <.x < 9 36% 0,4% 2,0% 35 9 4 x < 15 30% 1,3% 38 % 15 < x < 25 6% 12 % 52 % 25 < x < 40 4% 33 % 5,8% 40 < x < ca. 100 4% 53 % 0 % 6Particle size x (μπι) Diatomaceous earth Starch 'Potato Manioc x <5 20% 0.3% 2.2% 5 <.x <9 36% 0.4% 2.0% 35 9 4 x <15 30% 1.3 % 38% 15 <x <25 6% 12% 52% 25 <x <40 4% 33% 5.8% 40 <x <approx. 100 4% 53% 0% 6
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Det er klart, at om nødvendigt kan der anvendes særlige partikelstørrelsesfraktioner, der f.eks. kan opnås ved centrifugering i luft (turboseparation) eller ved centrifugering i væske.It will be understood that, if necessary, particular particle size fractions may be used, e.g. can be obtained by centrifugation in air (turbo separation) or by centrifugation in liquid.
5 I almindelighed anbringes et forlag på filteret, dette forlag kan bestå af adskillige ovenpå hinanden liggende lag med aftagende kornstørrelse bort fra filteret.In general, a pre-liner is placed on the filter, this pre-liner may consist of several superimposed layers of decreasing grain size away from the filter.
Det materiale, der udgør hvert lag, vælges blandt de stivelser, hvis størrelsesfordeling svarer til den, der kræ-10 ves for det enkelte betragtede lag.The material constituting each layer is selected from the starches whose size distribution corresponds to that required for the individual layer considered.
Således kan man efter hinanden have et lag kartoffelstivelse og et lag maniokstivelse.Thus, one after the other can have a layer of potato starch and a layer of manioc starch.
Mellem kartoffelstivelseslaget og filteret kan der anbringes et lag af et filtreringshjælpemiddel, som 15 defineret tidligere. Det er ligeledes muligt at lade forlaget udgøre af en blanding af filtreringshjælpemiddel og nativ stivelse, især kartoffel- og/eller maniokstivelse.Between the potato starch layer and the filter, a layer of a filtering aid may be placed, as previously defined. It is also possible to make the publisher a mixture of filtration aid and native starch, especially potato and / or manioc starch.
Forlaget af nativ stivelse kan fremstilles ved 20 først at passere en suspension af nativ stivelse i en væske, der kan bestå af vand eller øl, gennem det nævnte filter, idet de første mængder i det andet tilfælde føres tilbage for at blive underkastet en yderligere filtrering efter dannelsen af forlaget.The native starch publisher may be prepared by first passing a native starch suspension in a water or beer-made liquid through the said filter, the first quantities being returned in the second case to be subjected to further filtration. after the formation of the publisher.
25 Forlaget af filtreringshjælpemiddel kan fremstil les på samme måde.25 The filter aid publisher can be produced in the same way.
I almindelighed fortsætter man under hele filtreringsprocessen med at benytte en suspension af filtreringsmidlet i øllet, der skal filtreres. Mængden af mid-30 del, der tages i suspension, vælges på en sådan måde, at dette middel af hensyn til forøgelsen af lagets tykkelse afsættes tilstrækkeligt hurtigt til, at der ikke opstår tilstopning af det nævnte lag på grund af de tilbageholdte gærceller samt kolloide stoffer.Generally, throughout the filtration process, a suspension of the filtering agent in the beer to be filtered is continued. The amount of agent taken in suspension is selected in such a way that, for the purpose of increasing the thickness of the layer, this agent is deposited sufficiently quickly so that the said layer does not become clogged due to the retained yeast cells and colloidal substances.
35 I praksis opnås gode resultater ved at fremstille en suspension af ca. 50 til 500 g, fortrinsvis 80 til 150 g filtreringsmiddel pr. hektoliter øl, der skal filtreres .35 In practice, good results are obtained by preparing a suspension of approx. 50 to 500 g, preferably 80 to 150 g of filtering agent per day. hectoliters of beer to be filtered.
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Af det bundfald, der i løbet af filtreringen fortsat dannes af filtreringsmidlet, dannes en filterkage, der f.eks. består af stivelse og mikroorganismer, en kage, som med fordel finder anvendelse såvel som dyrefo-5 der og som menneskeføde, og som således ikke er et sekundært produkt, der er kassabelt og forurenende.Of the precipitate which continues to be formed by the filtration agent during the filtration, a filter cake is formed which e.g. consists of starch and microorganisms, a cake which advantageously applies as well as animal feed and as human food, and which is thus not a secondary product that is discardable and polluting.
Mængden af yderligere filtreringshjælpemiddel, der eventuelt er tilstede i denne kage, er tilstrækkeligt ringe til ikke at være til skade for den ovennævnte 10 anvendelse.The amount of additional filtration aid that may be present in this cake is sufficiently small not to be detrimental to the above use.
Det kan anføres, at såfremt filtreringsmidlet er kartoffelstivelse, er indholdet af kartoffelstivelse i suspension i øllet ved filtreringen af størrelsesordenen 100 g/hl, og filtreringsresten består af en blanding 15 af stivelse og tilbageholdte gærceller, og forholdet mellem kartoffelstivelse/celler er i almindelighed mellem 1/0,2 og 1/3, alt efter den valgte gæringsmetode.It can be stated that if the filtering agent is potato starch, the content of potato starch is suspended in the beer by the filtration of the order of 100 g / hl and the filtration residue consists of a mixture of starch and retained yeast cells, and the ratio of potato starch / cells is generally between 1 / 0.2 and 1/3, depending on the fermentation method chosen.
Regnes der med et vandindhold på ca. 20% i kartoffelstivelsen og på ca. 75% i gæren, svarer et gennem-20 snitsforhold på 1/1 til et tørstofforhold på ca. 1/0,3.A water content of approx. 20% in the potato starch and at approx. 75% in the yeast, an average ratio of 1/1 corresponds to a dry matter ratio of approx. 1 / 0.3.
Dette produkt kan anvendes som menneskeføde, f. eks. efter en cellelysebehandling, som smagsgivende stof til især supper og sauce, og som dyrefoder som bestanddel af den daglige næring, især til svin.This product can be used as human food, for example after a cellular light treatment, as a flavoring agent for especially soups and sauce, and as animal feed as a component of daily nutrition, especially for pigs.
25 Til belysning af det foranstående angives i det følgende et udførelseseksempel på opfindelsen.In order to illustrate the foregoing, an embodiment of the invention is given below.
EksempelExample
Dette Eksempel angår filtrering af øl med et fil-30 treringsmiddel som er kartoffelstivelse.This Example relates to filtering beer with a potato starch filtration agent.
Filtreringstrinnet, der findes i fremgangsmåden til fremstilling af almindeligt konsumøl, udføres ved afslutning af lagringen, dvs. ved afslutningen af det hviletrin, der følger efter gæringen.The filtration step found in the process of making ordinary consumer beer is carried out at the end of storage, ie. at the end of the resting step following the fermentation.
35 Viskositeten af dette øl var før filtreringen 1,6 cp ved 20°C (målt ved hjælp af et viskosimeter med vibrerende kugle), filtreringstemperaturen lå mellem 11 og 13°C, indholdet af gærceller var i størrelsesordenen 1C5 8Before the filtration, the viscosity of this beer was 1.6 cp at 20 ° C (measured by a vibrating ball viscometer), the filtration temperature was between 11 and 13 ° C, the content of yeast cells was on the order of 1C5 8
DK 152295 BDK 152295 B
celler pr. ml og turbiditeten (som karakteriserer klarheden) på 0,192 (extinktionsværdi ved 750 mm, en bølgelængde, ved hvilken øllets farve praktisk taget ikke intefe-rerer med extinktionen).cells per cell and the turbidity (which characterizes the clarity) of 0.192 (extinction value at 750 mm, a wavelength at which the color of the beer practically does not interfere with the extinction).
Filtreringen udføres på et filter med en filter- o 2 5 overflade pa 5 cm , hvilken fliteroverflade var cirkulær og bestod af et filtrerende lag af bomuldsmateriale, der var specielt beregnet til dette brug. Filtreringstrykket var 1 bar.The filtration is performed on a filter with a filter surface of 5 cm, which flicker surface was circular and consisted of a filtering layer of cotton material specially designed for this use. The filtration pressure was 1 bar.
Den mængde stivelse, der bragtes i suspension un-10 der undersøgelsen, var 100 g/hektoliter.The amount of starch brought into suspension under the study was 100 g / hectolitre.
Den filtreringshastighed, der måltes for den nævnte anvendte filtrerende overflade, var på 6,1 hektoliter/ m /time (middelværdi beregnet for et forsøg, der forløb over 4 timer).The filtration rate measured for the filtering surface used was 6.1 hectoliters / m / h (average calculated for a test over 4 hours).
T5 Turbiditeten af filtrat, der udtoges mellem det 18. og 21. minut af filtreringen, var 0,008. Denne værdi er sammenlignelig med den, der besiddes af kommercielt øl.T5 The turbidity of filtrate extracted between the 18th and 21st minutes of filtration was 0.008. This value is comparable to that of commercial beer.
Bakteriologisk analyse af filtratet bekræftede 20 fraværet af gærceller.Bacteriological analysis of the filtrate confirmed the absence of yeast cells.
For fire stivelseskoncentrationer (henholdsvis 80, 100, 120 og 140 g/hektoliter) er kurverne log (filtreret rumfang) = f x log (tiden) blevet fastlagt, og det er konstateret, at disse kurver er rette linier, hvilket 25 bekræfter fraværet af tilstopninger. Det bemærkes, at der ved kendte midler, såsom kiselgur, også opnås rette linier.For four starch concentrations (80, 100, 120 and 140 g / hectoliters, respectively) the curves log (filtered volume) = e.g. log (time) have been determined and these curves are found to be straight lines, confirming the absence of clogging . It is noted that by known means, such as diatomaceous earth, straight lines are also obtained.
Ligheden som filtreringsmidler mellem kiselgur og kartoffelstivelse er således tydelig.The similarity as filtering agents between diatomaceous earth and potato starch is thus evident.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7818640A FR2429256A1 (en) | 1978-06-21 | 1978-06-21 | METHOD AND AGENT FOR FILTERING FOOD LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY FERMENTED LIQUIDS |
| FR7818640 | 1978-06-21 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK260479A DK260479A (en) | 1979-12-22 |
| DK152295B true DK152295B (en) | 1988-02-15 |
| DK152295C DK152295C (en) | 1988-08-15 |
Family
ID=9209824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK260479A DK152295C (en) | 1978-06-21 | 1979-06-21 | METHOD OF FILTERING OEL |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE877034A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2925076A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK152295C (en) |
| FR (2) | FR2429256A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2026884B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1121819B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7904854A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5114894A (en) * | 1991-02-18 | 1992-05-19 | Grain Processing Corporation | Filter material |
| EP1338321A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-27 | Anton Steinecker Maschinenfabrik GmbH | Einsatz von modifizierter Stärke als Getränkefilterhilfsmittel |
| ES2374247B1 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-01-08 | Universidad De Granada | PROCEDURE FOR FILTERING OIL USING NATIVE ALMID FILTER CAKES. |
| DE102020207043A1 (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-09 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Device for filtering water |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1082862A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1967-09-13 | S J A Ab | A process in filtering yeast or other plant cell material |
| GB1133526A (en) * | 1965-06-08 | 1968-11-13 | Svenska Jaestfabriks Aktiebola | A process and means for filtration of yeast or other plant cellular material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE635778C (en) * | 1931-08-01 | 1936-09-28 | Hanrez Sa J Atel | Process for the production of a clarifying agent |
| FR851549A (en) * | 1938-03-26 | 1940-01-10 | Scholten Chemische Fab | Process for separating water from materials which are in suspension, emulsion or colloidal solution |
| FR886434A (en) * | 1940-12-03 | 1943-10-14 | Applic Ind Soc Et | Process for filtering liquid or pasty food products |
| GB661577A (en) * | 1948-03-08 | 1951-11-21 | Hollandsche Mij Voor Licenties | Process for the purification of sugar-refinery liquids |
-
1978
- 1978-06-21 FR FR7818640A patent/FR2429256A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-18 IT IT23673/79A patent/IT1121819B/en active
- 1979-06-18 BE BE2/57872A patent/BE877034A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-21 DK DK260479A patent/DK152295C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-21 NL NL7904854A patent/NL7904854A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-21 DE DE19792925076 patent/DE2925076A1/en active Granted
- 1979-06-21 GB GB7921647A patent/GB2026884B/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-06-18 FR FR8013552A patent/FR2459282A2/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1082862A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1967-09-13 | S J A Ab | A process in filtering yeast or other plant cell material |
| GB1133526A (en) * | 1965-06-08 | 1968-11-13 | Svenska Jaestfabriks Aktiebola | A process and means for filtration of yeast or other plant cellular material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2026884B (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| IT1121819B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| FR2429256A1 (en) | 1980-01-18 |
| GB2026884A (en) | 1980-02-13 |
| FR2459282B2 (en) | 1984-04-20 |
| FR2459282A2 (en) | 1981-01-09 |
| IT7923673A0 (en) | 1979-06-18 |
| DE2925076C2 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| DK152295C (en) | 1988-08-15 |
| NL7904854A (en) | 1979-12-28 |
| DE2925076A1 (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| BE877034A (en) | 1979-10-15 |
| FR2429256B1 (en) | 1980-12-12 |
| DK260479A (en) | 1979-12-22 |
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| PBP | Patent lapsed |