DK151460B

DK151460B - Mechanical vibrator with directivity

Info

Publication number: DK151460B
Application number: DK325479A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Evgeny Sergeevich Goncharov; Anatoly Nazarovich Prilutsky; Viktor Ivanovich Shevchuk
Original assignee: Uk Nii Mekh I
Priority date: 1979-08-01
Filing date: 1979-08-01
Publication date: 1987-12-07
Also published as: DK151460C; DK325479A

Description

151460151460

Opfindelsen angår en mekanisk vibrator med retningsvirkning og omfattende et hus, hvori der er lejret en med en motor forbunden aksel med krumtap og inertimasser, og en stang, som overfører krumtap-5 pens bevægelse til en på en understøtning monteret svingmasse.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a mechanical vibrator having directional effect and comprising a housing in which is mounted a crankshaft and inertia mass connected to a motor, and a rod which transmits the crankshaft movement to a pivot mounted on a support.

Fra DE-A 11 00 354 kendes et apparat til frembringelse af kraftige soniske og infrasoniske lydbølger, hvor der er anbragt to stempler på en dri-10 vende krumtapaksel. Når akslen roterer, bevæges de to stempler i modsatte retninger. Derved bliver inertikræfterne for begge stempler udlignet. Dog forbliver der at være et ubalanceret moment for inertikræfterne, hvilket påvirker arbejdsfunktionen for 15 en vibrator med retningsvirkning på uønsket vis.DE-A 11 00 354 discloses an apparatus for producing powerful sonic and infrasonic sound waves, where two pistons are arranged on a floating crankshaft. As the shaft rotates, the two pistons move in opposite directions. Thereby, the inertial forces of both pistons are equalized. However, there remains an unbalanced momentum of the inertia forces, affecting the working function of a vibrator with directional effect in an undesirable way.

For at opnå den nødvendige balance i masserne, skal alle bevægelige dele forefindes i dobbelt antal, hvilket komplicerer både delenes fremstilling og komponenternes sammenbygning, når der ikke 20 må optræde yderligere ubalancer.In order to achieve the necessary balance in the masses, all moving parts must be in double number, which complicates both the production of the parts and the assembly of the components when no further imbalances are allowed.

Der kendes yderligere en forbrændingsmotor (DE-PS 217 818), som omfatter en cylinder, et stempel, en plejlstang, en krumtapaksel, en hjælpeaksel og på begge aksler anbragte kontravægte, og som i 25 princippet kan anvendes til frembringelse af retningssvingninger med konstant amplitude ved at ændre størrelsesforholdet mellem svingmasserne. Dog opnås gennem denne komplicerede konstruktion ikke en tilstrækkelig udligning af svingmassernes iner-30 tikræfter. Når stemplet befinder sig i en af de to yderstillinger, frembringer dets inertikræfter sammen med kontravægtenes samlede inertikræfter et u-balanceret moment, som har negativ indvirken på såvel levetiden som funktionen af en sådan udformet 35 maskine.There is also known an internal combustion engine (DE-PS 217 818) comprising a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, an auxiliary shaft and counterweights mounted on both shafts, which can in principle be used to produce constant amplitude directional fluctuations by changing the aspect ratio of the swing masses. However, due to this complicated construction, a sufficient equalization of the inner forces of the pivot masses is not achieved. When the piston is in one of the two outer positions, its inertia forces together with the total inertia forces of the counterweights produce an unbalanced torque which adversely affects both the service life and the function of such a designed machine.

151460 2151460 2

Endvidere kendes der et vibratorapparat (DE-B 1 816 710)/ som har en krumtapaksel med kontravægte i en massiv stander og en med krumtapakslen direkte forbundet platform. Denne platform udfører ved drej-5 ning af krumtapakslen, som er fleksibelt forbundet til en motorf horisontalsvingninger uden retnings-virkning, hvorunder kontravægtene til en vis grad udbalancerer. inertikræfterne. Dette vibratorapparat muliggør dog ikke retningsbestemte svingninger 10 af svingmassen.Furthermore, there is known a vibrator (DE-B 1 816 710) / which has a crankshaft with counterweights in a solid stand and a platform directly connected to the crankshaft. This platform performs by rotating the crankshaft, which is flexibly connected to a motor horizontal oscillations without directional effect, under which the counterweights balance to a certain extent. inertial forces. However, this vibrator does not allow directional oscillations 10 of the oscillating mass.

Opfindelsen har til opgave at videreudvikle en mekanisk vibrator med retningsvirkning af den i krav 1's indledning angivne art således, at der opretholdes en stabil svingningsamplitude selv ved 15 en ændring i svingmassens størrelse, en konstant rotationshastighed af den mekaniske vibrators aksel og samtidig en næsten fuldstændig udbalancering af inertikræfterne og en balancering af inertimomenterne .The object of the invention is to further develop a mechanical vibrator with a directional effect of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1, so that a stable vibration amplitude is maintained even at a change in the size of the pivot mass, a constant rotational speed of the shaft of the mechanical vibrator and at the same time an almost complete balancing. of the inertial forces and a balancing of the moments of inertia.

20 Denne opgave løses ved hjælp af de i krav 1 angivne kendetegnende træk. Foretrukne udførelsesformer fremgår af de øvrige krav.This task is solved by the characteristic features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the other claims.

De som følge af opfindelsen opnåelige fordele omfatter , at vibratoren kan konstrueres mere 25 . enkelt og få større pålidelighed gennem den i praksis fuldstændige udligning af svingmassens inertikræfter. Størrelsen af svingmassens svingningsamplitude er begrænset af krumtappen. Derudover er uønskede dynamiske belastninger på understøtningen und-30 gået. Da husets svingninger yderligere er dynamisk uafhængige af svingmassens svingninger, er det muligt i betydelig grad at mindske husets masse i forhold til svingmassen, hvilket endelig muliggør en materialebesparelse.The advantages of the invention include that the vibrator can be constructed more 25. simply and gain greater reliability through the complete equalization of the inertia forces of the pivot mass. The magnitude of the oscillation amplitude of the mass is limited by the crank. In addition, unwanted dynamic loads on the support have been avoided. Furthermore, since the oscillations of the housing are dynamically independent of the oscillations of the oscillating mass, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of the housing in relation to the oscillation mass, which finally enables a material saving.

35 En udførelsesform for opfindelsen forklares herefter nærmere med henvisning til tegningen, hvor 151460 3 fig. 1 viser et kinematisk diagram af en mekanisk vibrator med retningsvirkning ifølge opfindelsen, og fig.2 skematisk et mekanisk system til om-5 sætning af roterende bevægelse til frem- og tilbagegående bevægelse ifølge opfindelsen.An embodiment of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical vibrator with a directional effect according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical system for converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion according to the invention.

Den mekaniske vibrator med retningsvirkning omfatter en aksel 1 (fig. 1), der er forbundet med et drivorgan, og som har en krumtap 2 og på aks-10 len eksentrisk anbragte inertimasser 3. Inertimasserne 3 er monteret således på akslen 1, at deres inerticentre i forhold til akslen 1's akse er anbragt diamentralt modsat krumtappen 2's akse. Akslen 1 er ved hjælp af lejer 4 anbragt i 15 et hus 5. Huset 5 er gennem et hængsel 6 således forbundet til en svingmasse 8's understøtning, at akslen 1's akse er parallel med hængslet 6's akse 9. Akslen 1's krumtap 2 er gennem en stang 10 og hængsler 11 og 12 for-20 bundet med svingmassen 8.The directional mechanical vibrator comprises a shaft 1 (Fig. 1) connected to a drive means having a crank 2 and eccentrically disposed on the shaft 10 inertia 3. The inertia masses 3 are mounted on the shaft 1 so that their centers of inertia with respect to the axis of the shaft 1 are arranged diametrically opposite to the axis of the crank 2. The shaft 1 is arranged in a housing by means of bearings 4 in the housing 5. The housing 5 is connected through a hinge 6 to the support of a pivot mass 8 so that the axis of the shaft 1 is parallel to the axis of the hinge 6. The shaft 2 of the shaft 1 is through a rod. 10 and hinges 11 and 12 connected to the pivot mass 8.

Fig. 2 viser den ovenfor beskrevne mekaniske vibrator med retningsvirkning og et med denne vibrator forbundet drev. ' Dette drev har en elektromotor 13 med en på sin aksel placeret 25 remskive 14, en på vibratorens aksel 1 placeret remskive 15 og en drivrem 16. Aksen 17 for den på vibratorens aksel 1 placerede remskive 15 er forsat med stykket "e" i en retning diametralt modsat krumtappen 2's slag, hvilken forsætning 30 omtrent er lig med svingningsamplituden for akslen 1's akse. Aksen for akslen 1 og for elektromotoren 13's aksel er omtrent anordnét i et plan, der er vinkelret på den frem- og tilbagegående bevægelse af svingmassen 8. Vibratorens hus 35 5 er forbundet med understøtningen 7 gennem en fjeder 18, som tilvejebringer en spænding i drivremmen 16.FIG. 2 shows the directional mechanical vibrator described above and a drive associated with this vibrator. This drive has an electric motor 13 with a pulley 14 located on its shaft, a pulley 15 on the shaft 1 of the vibrator and a drive belt 16. The shaft 17 for the pulley 15 located on the shaft 1 of the vibrator is provided with the piece "e" in a direction diametrically opposite to the stroke of the crank 2, which assumption 30 is approximately equal to the oscillation amplitude of the axis of the shaft 1. The axis of the shaft 1 and of the shaft of the electric motor 13 is approximately arranged in a plane perpendicular to the reciprocating movement of the pivot mass 8. The housing 5 of the vibrator is connected to the support 7 through a spring 18 which provides a tension in the drive belt 16th

151460 4151460 4

Den mekaniske vibrator med retningsvirkning (fig. 1) ifølge opfindelsen arbejder som følger.The directional mechanical vibrator (Fig. 1) of the invention operates as follows.

Akslen 1 med krumtappen 2 og inertimasserne 3 bringes i rotation ved hjælp af et der-5 med forbundet drivorgan. Stangen 10 gennemfører en planparallel bevægelse og giver svingmassen 8 en retningsbestemt frem- og tilbagegående bevægelse. Inertikraften af svingmassen 8 udlignes ved hjælp af en komponent af inertimasserne 3's cen-10 trifugalkraft, medens den anden komponent af denne kraft overføres til huset 5. Eftersom huset 5 gennem hængslerne 6 er forbundet til understøtningen 7, udfører det en svingende (eller pendul-) bevægelse om hængslet 6's akse 9. Afbalancering 15 af den komponent af inertimasserne 3's centrifugalkraft, der sætter huset 5 i svingende bevægelse, opnås på grund af, at inerticentrene for huset 5 er placeret på akslen 1's akse.The shaft 1 with the crank 2 and the inertia masses 3 is rotated by means of a connected drive means 5. The rod 10 performs a plane parallel motion and gives the pivot mass 8 a directional reciprocating motion. The inertial force of the pivot mass 8 is offset by a component of the center-10 trifugal force of the inert masses 3, while the other component of this force is transmitted to the housing 5. Since the housing 5 is connected through the hinges 6 to the support 7, it performs a pivotal (or pendulum). ) movement about the axis of the hinge 6. Balancing 15 of the component of the centrifugal force of the inert masses 3 which sets the housing 5 in pivotal motion is achieved because the inertial centers of the housing 5 are located on the axis of the shaft 1.

For at opnå en mere fuldstændig gensidig af-20 balancering af de roterende masser 3 og svingmassen 8, må inertimasserne 3 være af samme størrelse og være anbragt symmetrisk på akslen 1 i forhold til krumtappen 2.In order to achieve a more complete reciprocal balancing of the rotating masses 3 and the pivot mass 8, the inertial masses 3 must be of the same size and arranged symmetrically on the shaft 1 with respect to the crank 2.

En ændring af størrelsen af svingmassen 8 25 bevirker kun en ubetydelig ændring af amplituden for dennes svingninger, idet disse næsten er lig med slaget for krumtappen 2.A change in the magnitude of the pivot mass 8 causes only a negligible change in the amplitude of its pivot, which is almost equal to the stroke of the crank 2.

Tilvejebringelse af den mekaniske vibrator med retningsvirkning ifølge opfindelsen med krum-30 tappen 2 anbragt på akslen 1 og gennem stangen 10 og hængselforbindelserne 11 og 12 forbundet med svingmassen 8 bevirker, at massen 8 gives retningsbestemte svingninger med stabil amplitude.Providing the mechanical vibrator with directional action according to the invention with the crank 30 2 disposed on the shaft 1 and through the rod 10 and the hinge joints 11 and 12 connected to the pivot mass 8 causes the mass 8 to be given directional pivots of stable amplitude.

35 En ændring i størrelsen af svingmassen 8 bevirker ikke nogen væsentlig ændring i størrelsen 151460 5 af massens svingningsamplitude.A change in the size of the oscillation mass 8 does not cause any significant change in the magnitude of the oscillation amplitude of the mass.

Huset 5 er gennem hængslet 6 forbundet med understøtningen 7 på en sådan måde, at akslen 1's akse og hængslet 6's akse 9 er parallelle med 5 hinanden, og på akslen 1 har inertimasserne 3 samme størrelse og er anbragt symmetrisk i forhold til krumtappen 2; hvorved der er sikret en temmelig fuldstændig og pålidelig afbalancering af inertikræ f terne .The housing 5 is connected through the hinge 6 to the support 7 in such a way that the axis of the shaft 1 and the axis 9 of the hinge 6 are parallel to each other, and on the shaft 1 the inertia masses 3 are of the same size and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the crank 2; thereby ensuring a fairly complete and reliable balancing of the inertia rates.

10 Drevet til den ovenfor beskrevne vibrator har følgende arbejdsmåde.10 The drive for the vibrator described above has the following operation.

Rotation af elektromotoren 13's remskive 14 (fig. 2) overføres gennem drivremmen 16 til remskiven 15, der er anbragt på vibratorakslen 1.Rotation of the pulley 14 of the electric motor 13 (Fig. 2) is transmitted through the drive belt 16 to the pulley 15 located on the vibrator shaft 1.

15 Fjederen 18 sikrer en spænding af drivremmen 16.The spring 18 secures a tension of the drive belt 16.

Når akslen 1 roterer, bevæger dens akse sig sammen med huset 5 i henhold til loven for harmoniske svingninger under indvirkning af komponenten af den roterende inertikraft fra inerti-20 masserne 3. Som følge heraf gennemfører punkterne på en tænkt cirkel af remskiven 15 med en radius R en sammensat bevægelse, nemlig en relativ rotationsbevægelse om akslen 11 akse og en svingende translationsbevægelse sammen med denne aksel 1's 25 akse.As the shaft 1 rotates, its axis moves with the housing 5 according to the law of harmonic oscillations under the action of the component of the rotational inertial force of the inertia mass 3. As a result, the points on a conceived circle of the pulley 15 with a radius R is a composite motion, namely a relative rotational motion about the axis 11 axis and a pivotal translational motion along with the axis of this axis 1.

F.eks. udfører et punkt "A" den absolutte hastighed VA = (R + e) ω - am, hvor "a" er størrelsen af svingningsamplituden for 30 akslen 1's akse, og "ω" vinkelfrekvensen for omdrejningen af akslen 1.Eg. performs a point "A" the absolute velocity VA = (R + e) ω - am, where "a" is the magnitude of the oscillation amplitude of the axis of the shaft 1 and the "ω" the angular frequency of the rotation of the shaft 1.

Tilsvarende er den absolutte hastighed af et punkt "B" 35 Vg = (R - e) ω + am.Similarly, the absolute velocity of a point "B" is 35 Vg = (R - e) ω + am.

Claims

If the condition e = a is satisfied according to the invention, the absolute velocities of points A and B will be equal to the product of R · ω. Similarly, the absolute velocities of the other points on the circle of pulley 15 can be calculated as being the product R · ω. Hereby, through the oscillating movement of the axis of the shaft 1, an almost unchanged magnitude of the angular velocity of the shaft 1 and of the speed of movement of the belt 16 is ensured, which greatly increases the life of the drive belt 16. At the same time, reliable operation of the entire mechanical system for converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion is ensured. Use of the mechanical vibrator with directional action and the mechanical system for converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion according to the invention, e.g. in separating machines, vibration conveyors, etc., ensures a significantly higher efficiency and reliability of these machines due to the stabilized oscillation amplitude of the vibrating machine elements and a more reliable operation of the mechanical system for translating: rotary motion to reciprocating motion . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 lv. Mechanical vibrator with directional action 3 and comprising a housing in which is mounted a crankshaft and inertia shaft connected to a 4 motor, and 5 a rod which transmits the crankshaft movement to a pivot mounted on a support, known as 7, characterized in that the housing (5) is connected to the support 8 (7) through a hinge (6), whereby the hinge 9 slit (6) axis (9), the axis of the rod (10) and the axis of the shaft 10 (1) are thus arranged in substantially a plane 11, that the housing (5) pivots about the axis (9) in the substantially angular direction of the direction of movement of the pivot mass (8) and that the shaft (1) is flexibly connected to the motor (13).

Vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible connection between the shaft (1) and the motor (13) is a pulley having a pulley (15) fixed to the shaft (1), a belt (16) and a a second pulley (14) mounted on the shaft of the motor (13), the axis of the shaft (1) and the axis of the motor pulley (14) extending substantially in the same plane and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the pivot mass (8).

Vibrator according to claim 2, characterized in that the axis (17) of the pulley (15) is offset relative to the axis of the shaft (1) diametrically opposite the crank (2) at a distance approximately equal to the oscillation amplitude of the shaft (1). .

Vibrator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the housing (5) is connected to the support (7) through a spring (18) which tightens the belt (16).