DK147568B - Method for removal of fat and water from animal offal, essentially consisting of slaughterhouse wastes, confiscated animals and naturally dying animals - Google Patents

Method for removal of fat and water from animal offal, essentially consisting of slaughterhouse wastes, confiscated animals and naturally dying animals Download PDF

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DK147568B
DK147568B DK453380A DK453380A DK147568B DK 147568 B DK147568 B DK 147568B DK 453380 A DK453380 A DK 453380A DK 453380 A DK453380 A DK 453380A DK 147568 B DK147568 B DK 147568B
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fat
water
animals
waste
press
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DK453380A
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DK147568C (en
DK453380A (en
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Poul-Ivar E Hansen
Henrik Holst-Pedersen
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Slagteriernes Forskningsinst
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-1- 147568-1- 147568

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til affedtning og afvanding af animalsk affald, omfattende i det væsentlige slagteriaffald, konfiskater og selvdøde dyr, ved hvilken affaldsmaterialet findeles til stykker, der i det væsentlige ikke er større end 2 cm i tværmål, og for-5 trinsvis under omrøring opvarmes, hvorefter det findelte og opvarmede materiale ved presning adskilles i en fast fase omfattende hovedsagelig ben-stykker og proteinstoffer og en flydende fase, der overvejende består af smeltet fedt og vand.The present invention relates to a process for degreasing and dewatering animal waste, comprising substantially slaughterhouse waste, confiscates and self-dead animals, in which the waste material is comminuted into pieces not larger than 2 cm in cross-dimensions, and preferably with stirring is heated, after which the finely divided and heated material is separated into a solid phase comprising mainly bone pieces and protein substances and a liquid phase consisting mainly of molten fat and water.

Affald fra slagterier, især svine- og kreaturslagterier, består sædvanlig-10 vis af ben og indvolde fra de slagtede dyr samt af dyr, der er døde under transporten eller opstaldningen eller er blevet kasseret ved den veterinære kontrol. Dette og lignende affald bearbejdes på kødfoderfabrikker til kødbenmel, der er et proteinrigt fodertilskudsmiddel, og teknisk fedt, der anvendes industrielt.Waste from slaughterhouses, especially pig and livestock slaughterhouses, usually consists of bones and viscera from the slaughtered animals as well as animals that have died during transport or housing or have been discarded by the veterinary control. This and similar wastes are processed at meat feed mills for meat-bone meal, which is a protein-rich feed supplement and technical fat used industrially.

15 Ved en af de kendte metoder til fremstilling af kødbenmel fjernes hovedmængden af vand og fedt fra affaldsmaterialet i én arbejdsgang, hvorefter det opnåede fedtfattige ben- og proteinmateriale tørres sammen med en vandig slamfase. Denne afvanding og affedtning af det animalske materiale omfatter et findelingstrin til opnåelse af partikelstørrelser i området 6-38 mm, et 20 varmebehandlingstrin, hvor det findelte materiale opvarmes, optimalt til 88-99° C, et dræningstrin, hvor frigjort vand og fedt får lov til at løbe af, samt et pressetrin, i hvilket der ved hjælp af en særlig skruepresse •udpresses yderligere fedt- og vandmængder af materialet, jf. US patent nr. 3.398.676 og nr. 3.398.677.In one of the known methods for making meat bone meal, the bulk of water and fat is removed from the waste material in one operation, after which the obtained low fat bone and protein material are dried together with an aqueous sludge phase. This dewatering and degreasing of the animal material comprises a comminution step to obtain particle sizes in the range of 6-38 mm, a heat treatment step in which the comminuted material is heated optimally to 88-99 ° C, a drainage step where released water and fat are allowed. to run off, and a pressing step in which, by means of a special screw press, additional fat and water quantities of the material are extruded, cf. US Patent Nos. 3,398,676 and Nos. 3,398,677.

25 Afvandingen og affedtningen af det animalske affald kan ved en anden af de kendte metoder udføres ved, at affaldet findeles og behandles med vanddamp, således at det antager en temperatur, der ikke er lavere end 65° C og optimalt ligger mellem 77 og 99° C. I en centrifuge adskilles den tilvejebragte opslæmning i en flydende fase af vand og fedt og en fast fase af ben og pro-30 teinstoffer, jfr, DE patent nr. 21 57 324.The dewatering and degreasing of the animal waste can be carried out by another method known in that the waste is comminuted and treated with water vapor, so that it assumes a temperature not lower than 65 ° C and optimally lies between 77 and 99 ° C. In a centrifuge, the slurry obtained is separated into a liquid phase of water and fat and a solid phase of bone and protein substances, cf. DE Patent No. 21 57 324.

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Fra dansk patentansøgning nr. 383/78 kendes endnu en metode til afvanding og affedtning af animalsk affald af den omhandlede art. Materialet findeles i en kværn og opvarmes først til 45-70° C og derefter hurtigt til 85-100° C ved dampindsprøjtning. Den opnåede opslæmning centrifugeres til 5 en flydende fase af fedt og vand og en fast fase af ben og proteinstoffer.Another patent method for dewatering and degreasing animal waste of the kind in question is known from Danish Patent Application No. 383/78. The material is comminuted in a grinder and first heated to 45-70 ° C and then rapidly to 85-100 ° C by steam injection. The slurry obtained is centrifuged to a liquid phase of fat and water and a solid phase of bone and protein.

Ved de ovennævnte kendte metoder fås en fast fase, der er befriet for hovedparten af vand og fedt i udgangsmaterialet, men processerne er forholdsvis krævende med hensyn til apparaturer og energiforbrug. Det er derfor formålet med foreliggende opfindelse at tilvejebringe en fremgangsmåde, 10 ved hvilken det er muligt på det animalske affald at udføre en afvanding og affedtning, som i forhold til drift- og investeringsomkostningerne er mere effektiv end ved de hidtil kendte metoder.By the above-mentioned known methods, a solid phase is obtained which is free of most of the water and fat in the starting material, but the processes are relatively demanding in terms of apparatus and energy consumption. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method by which it is possible to perform on the animal waste a dewatering and degreasing, which is more efficient in relation to the operating and investment costs than in the known methods.

Det opnås ved en fremgangsmåde af den indledningsvis angivne art, som ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at der opvarmes til en temperatur på mellem 15 40 og 60° C, hvorefter presningen udføres i skruepresse.It is obtained by a process of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which according to the invention is characterized by heating to a temperature between 15 and 60 ° C, after which the pressing is carried out in a screw press.

Da de ovennævnte metoder foreskriver, at der skal varmebehandles og separeres ved temperaturer, der optimalt ligger over ca. 80° C og i hvert fald skal ligge over 65° C, er det overraskende, at der ved de forholdsvis lave temperaturer på mellem 40 og 60° C ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen 20 fås samme eller endog bedre affedtnings- og afvandingsgrad. Under hensyn . til temperaturafhængigheden af fedtets viskositet måtte man i det mindste forvente en betydeligt ringere fedtseparation ved de omhandlede lave temperaturer. Ved de til grund for opfindelsen liggende forsøg viste det sig imidlertid, at fedtseparationen ned til ca. 40° C var i det væsentlige u-25 afhængig af opvarmnings- og pressetemperaturen.Since the above-mentioned methods require heat treatment and separation at temperatures that are optimally above approx. It is surprising that at the relatively low temperatures of between 40 and 60 ° C the process according to the invention 20 has the same or even better degreasing and dewatering degree. Under consideration. for the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the fat, at least a significantly poorer fat separation had to be expected at the low temperatures at issue. In the tests of the invention, however, it was found that the fat separation down to approx. 40 ° C was essentially u-25 dependent on the heating and pressing temperature.

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan der således opnås en pressekage med et så lavt fedtindhold, at der ikke er behov for yderligere fedtfjernelse, og da pressekagen er blevet befriet for væsentlige mængder vand, kan den steriliseres og tørres på energi-økonomisk måde.Thus, in the process of the invention, a press cake having such a low fat content can be obtained that no further fat removal is required, and since the press cake has been freed of significant amounts of water, it can be sterilized and dried in an energy-efficient manner.

30 Den omhandlede opvarmning til mellem 40 og 60° C er meget lidt krævende med hensyn til apparatur og energikilde. Fx kan der anvendes spildvarme af forholdsvis lav temperatur, og den forudgående findeling af det animalske affald kan udføres på simple hakkemaskiner.30 The present heating to between 40 and 60 ° C is very little demanding in terms of equipment and energy source. For example, waste heat of relatively low temperature can be used and the prior comminution of the animal waste can be carried out on simple chopping machines.

-3- 147568-3- 147568

Til sammenligning kan fremdrages en fra NO patentskrift nr. 122.626 kendt metode til behandling af fisk. Ved metoden foretages der ingen opvarmning af fiskematerialet inden det i en centrifuge adskilles i en flydende fase af vand og fiskeolie og en fast fase af fiskeproteiner, men metoden forud-5 sætter, at fiskematerialet omdannes til en suspension, hvilken kræver en ekstrem findeling i et bekosteligt og stærkt energiforbrugende apparat i modsætning til fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, ved hvilken det animalske affald blot skal nedskæres til under 20 mm.For comparison, a method known for treating fish can be elucidated from NO Patent No. 122,626. The method does not heat the fish material before separating it in a centrifuge into a liquid phase of water and fish oil and a solid phase of fish proteins, but the method assumes that the fish material is converted into a suspension which requires an extreme comminution in a costly and highly energy-consuming apparatus in contrast to the method of the invention, in which the animal waste simply needs to be reduced to less than 20 mm.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes på animalsk affald, der 10 omfatter affald fra fjerkræslagterier og især fra svine- og kreaturslagterier samt konfiskater og selvdøde dyr, især svin og kreaturer.The method according to the invention can be applied to animal waste comprising waste from poultry slaughterhouses and especially from pig and cattle slaughterhouses as well as confiscates and self-dead animals, especially pigs and cattle.

Dette affald, der kan variere meget med hensyn til ben- og vandindhold, kan ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen behandles uden indstilling af apparaturet efter råvaretype. Ved det første trin af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfin-15 delsen findeles det til stykker, der i det væsentlige ikke er større end 2 cm i tværmål. Findelingen kan udføres i flere trin, fx med en grovhakning og en finhakning. Der anvendes fortrinsvis en hakkemaskine med hulskiver og skæreblade, således at affaldet skæres til en farslignende masse, der indeholder fragmenter af affaldet, dvs. kød-, spæk- og benstykker.This waste, which can vary widely in bone and water content, can be treated by the method according to the invention without adjusting the apparatus according to the raw material type. In the first step of the method according to the invention, it is comminuted into pieces which are not substantially larger than 2 cm in cross-dimensions. The comminution can be carried out in several steps, for example with a coarse chop and a fine chopping. Preferably, a chopping machine with hollow discs and cutting blades is used so that the waste is cut into a father-like mass containing fragments of the waste, ie. meat, oatmeal and bone pieces.

20 Under denne skæring stiger temperaturen af affaldet afhængigt af de anvendte mekaniske kræfter. Det andet trin i fremgangsnmåden ifølge opfindelsen, •nemlig opvarmningen, kan således helt eller delvis foregå under findelingen af affaldet. Sædvanligvis er den mekanisk tilførte varmeenergi dog ikke tilstrækkelig til at bringe affaldets temperatur op på de omhandlede 40 25 til 60° C, og der må derfor tilføres yderligere varme til affaldet. Det kan ske ved hjælp af hedeflader, der på den ene side er i kontakt med affaldet, og på den anden holdes opvarmet af et varmemedium, fx vanddamp. Sædvanligvis vil det være mest hensigtsmæssigt at udføre en kontrolleret opvarmning af det finhakkede materiale i en særskilt opvarmningsbeholder eller rørsek-30 tion. Beholderen eller rørsektionen kan være omgivet af en varmekappe, inden for hvilken varmemediet strømmer under afgivelse af varme til materialet i beholderen eller røret. Alternativt kan der ledes damp ned i det findelte materiale, således at dette opvarmes ved dampens kondensation. Denne opvarmningsmetode er sædvanligvis hurtigere og mere skånsom, men tilfører 35 materialet belastende vand, der må fjernes i det efterfølgende pressetrin eller ved pressekagens tørring.During this cutting, the temperature of the waste increases depending on the mechanical forces used. The second step in the process according to the invention, namely the heating, can thus take place in whole or in part during the comminution of the waste. Generally, however, the mechanically applied heat energy is not sufficient to bring the waste temperature up to the aforementioned 40 25 to 60 ° C and therefore additional heat must be supplied to the waste. This can be done by means of heat surfaces which on one hand are in contact with the waste and on the other are kept heated by a heating medium, for example water vapor. Usually, it will be most convenient to perform controlled heating of the finely chopped material in a separate heating container or pipe section. The container or pipe section may be surrounded by a heating jacket within which the heating medium flows during heat release to the material in the container or tube. Alternatively, steam can be passed down into the finely divided material so that it is heated by steam condensation. This heating method is usually faster and more gentle, but supplies the material with stress which must be removed in the subsequent pressing step or the drying of the press cake.

147568 -4-147568 -4-

Som skruepresse kan anvendes en med sivæg forsynet skruepresse, eftersom denne har vist sig særligt effektiv til udpresning af vand og fedt. Skrue-pressen vælges og tilpasses efter de for anlægget givne betingelser med hensyn til rotationshastighed, kompression, sivirkning m.v. Det har vist 5 sig, at der fås en over for variationer i råmaterialet ufølsom indstilling, når der anvendes en skruepresse med en kompression på over 1 : 3,5, fortrinsvis med en kompression på fra 1 : 5 til 1 j 6,As a screw press, a side-wall screw press can be used, since it has proved particularly effective for squeezing water and grease. The screw press is selected and adjusted according to the conditions given for the system in terms of rotational speed, compression, seepage effect, etc. It has been found that a sensitivity to variations in the raw material is obtained when using a screw press having a compression greater than 1: 3.5, preferably with a compression of from 1: 5 to 1 j 6.

Det har ligeledes vist sig, at skruepressen arbejder bedst, dvs. udpresser meget vand og fedt, når affaldsmaterialet hakkes til stykker, hvis 10 største tværmål i det væsentlige er mindre end bredden af skruepressens "udløbsspalte.It has also been found that the screw press works best, ie. extrudes a lot of water and grease when the waste material is chopped to pieces, whose 10 largest cross-sections are substantially smaller than the width of the screw press' outlet slot.

Et materiale, der derved behandles effektivt af pressen, fås ved, at findelingen udføres på en hakkemaskine med en hulskive, hvis huldiameter er mindre end bredden af skruepressens udløbsspalte.A material that is thereby effectively treated by the press is obtained by the comminution being carried out on a chopping machine with a hollow disc, the hole diameter of which is less than the width of the screw press outlet slot.

15 Skruepressen kan være af den type, der har en eller to skruer. I skrue-pressen komprimeres det hakkede, varme materiale, hvorved den flydende fase løber ud gennem pressens sivæg, medens det faste stof af skruen føres imod og forlader skruekammerets udløbsende.The screw press may be of the type having one or two screws. In the screw press, the chopped hot material is compressed, whereby the liquid phase flows out through the press wall of the press, while the solids of the screw are passed and leave the outlet end of the screw chamber.

Den således opnåede pressekage kan viderebehandles på sædvanlig måde, fx 20 steriliseres, tørres og formales til et fint pulver, der er eqnet som fodertilskudsmiddel. Den flydende fase kan på sin side adskilles i en fedtfase, der oparbejdes til teknisk fedt, og en vandig fase, der inddampes og som koncentrat eventuelt sættes til den fugtige pressekage, således at de indeholdte proteinstoffer kommer til udnyttelse i fodertilskudsmidlet.The press cake thus obtained may be further processed in the usual manner, for example, sterilized, dried and ground into a fine powder suitable as a feed additive. The liquid phase, in turn, can be separated into a fat phase that is worked up to technical fat and an aqueous phase which is evaporated and, as a concentrate, optionally added to the moist press cake, so that the contained protein substances are utilized in the feed supplement.

25 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen illustreres i nedenstående eksempler.The process of the invention is illustrated in the Examples below.

Eksempel 1Example 1

Fra et kreaturslagteri modtages animalsk affald, der har en høj andel af mave- og tarmaffald. En kemisk analyse på affaldet .viser følgendesAnimal waste, which has a high proportion of gastric and intestinal waste, is received from a cattle slaughterhouse. A chemical analysis on the waste shows as follows

Vand : 51,4 vægtprocent 30 Fedt : 19,1 "Water: 51.4% by weight 30 Fat: 19.1 "

Protein: 16,1 "Protein: 16.1 "

Aske (fra ben)s 9,9 " -5- 147568 25,8 kg af affaldet hakkes i en hakkemaskine, der har hulskive med en huldiameter på henholdsvis 16 og 13 mm.Ash (from leg) s 9.9 "-5- 147568 25.8 kg of the waste is chopped in a chopper machine which has hollow washer with a hole diameter of 16 and 13 mm respectively.

Det hakkede materiale kommes i en 100 1 beholder, der er forsynet med dampkappe og røreværk. Under damptilledning til kappen og omrøring op-5 varmes materialet til ca. 50-55° C, hvorefter damptilførslen afbrydes.The chopped material is put into a 100 liter container fitted with a steam jacket and stirrer. During steam supply to the jacket and stirring, the material is heated to approx. 50-55 ° C, after which the steam supply is interrupted.

Efter yderligere 10 minutters omrøring har materialet en ansartet temperatur, der måles til 51° C (udligningstemperaturen).After a further 10 minutes of stirring, the material has a uniform temperature which is measured to 51 ° C (the equalization temperature).

Det varme materiale føres derefter lidt efter lidt til fødeåbningen af en skruepresse, således at denne ved driften til stadighed er fyldt med 10 materiale. Pressen er en enkeltskruepresse med et volumenforhold på 1 : 5,4 og en sivæg, der i transportdelen har 20 huller/cm^ å 1,5 mm diameter og i pressedelen er forsynet med 70 huller/cm^ å 0,75 mm diameter. Bredden af pressens udløbsspalte er ca. 14 mm.The hot material is then gradually brought to the feed opening of a screw press, so that it is constantly filled with 10 materials during operation. The press is a single screw press with a volume ratio of 1: 5.4 and a side wall having in the transport part 20 holes / cm 2 to 1.5 mm diameter and 70 mm / cm 2 to 0.75 mm diameter in the press section. The width of the press outlet gap is approx. 14 mm.

Skruen eller sneglen roteres med en hastighed på 8 omdr./min., hvorved 15 det tilførte materiale adskilles i en flydende fase og en fast fase. Den flydende fase, der består af smeltet fedt og vand, forlader pressen gennem sivæggen og opsamles i et kar under pressen. Den faste fase, der består af kød og ben, presses ud gennem udløbsspalten og opsamles i en beholder for enden af skruen. Der fås 13,0 kg pressekage. Kemisk analyse på 20 kagen viser, at der er opnået en særdeles god separation.The screw or auger is rotated at a speed of 8 rpm, separating the feed material into a liquid phase and a solid phase. The liquid phase, consisting of molten fat and water, leaves the press through the seepage and is collected in a vessel under the press. The solid phase, consisting of meat and bone, is pressed out through the outlet slot and collected in a container at the end of the screw. 13.0 kg of press cake is available. Chemical analysis of the 20 cake shows that a very good separation has been achieved.

Analyse af pressekage:Analysis of Press Cake:

Vand : 43,6 vægtprocentWater: 43.6% by weight

Fedt : 1,1 "Fat: 1.1 "

Protein: 30,4 " 25 Eksempel 2 A) Fra en konservesfabrik modtages benrigt opskæringsaffald fra svin. En kemisk analyse viser følgende:Protein: 30.4 "Example 2 A) From a canning plant, rich cutting waste is received from pigs. A chemical analysis shows the following:

Vand : 52,3 vægtprocentWater: 52.3% by weight

Fedt : 16,0 30 Protein: 15,5 "Fat: 16.0 Protein: 15.5 "

Aske (fra ben): 15,8 " -6- 14756« 49 kg af dette materiale hakkes, varmebehandles og presses som ved det i eksempel 1 beskrevne forsøg, idet temperaturen dog kun hæves til 40-50° C, således at udligningstemperaturen bliver 43° C.Ash (from legs): 15.8 "-6- 14756" 49 kg of this material is chopped, heat treated and pressed as in the experiment described in Example 1, however, the temperature is only raised to 40-50 ° C, so that the equalizing temperature becomes 43 ° C.

Ved analyse af den opnåede pressekage, der vejer 26,0 kg, findes følgende 5 indholdsWhen analyzing the obtained press cake weighing 26.0 kg, the following 5 contents are found

Vand s 37,6 vægtprocentWater s 37.6% by weight

Fedt s 0,8 "Fat s 0.8 "

Protein: 26,3 " B) Forsøget ovenfor gentages, men med en udligningstemperatur på 59° C.Protein: 26.3 "B) The above experiment is repeated, but with a compensating temperature of 59 ° C.

10 Af 34,6 kg affald fås 18,0 kg pressekage. Analyse af kagen viser følgende:10 Of 34.6 kg of waste, 18.0 kg of press cake is obtained. Analysis of the cake shows the following:

Vand : 41,7 vægtprocentWater: 41.7% by weight

Fedt : 1,9 "Fat: 1.9 "

Protein: 24,4 "Protein: 24.4 "

Eksempel 3 15 Fra et svineslagteri modtages slagteriaffald indeholdende forholdsvis meget mave- og tarmaffald.Example 3 15 From a pig slaughterhouse, slaughterhouse waste containing relatively much stomach and intestinal waste is received.

Kemisk analyser viser:Chemical analyzes show:

Vand : 65,8 vægtprocentWater: 65.8% by weight

Fedt : 11,9 " 20 Protein: 14,8 "Fat: 11.9 "20 Protein: 14.8"

Aske (fra ben): 5,8 "Ash (from leg): 5.8 "

Affaldet behandles på samme måde som ved forsøget i eksempel 1, men med en udligningstemperatur på 46° C. Af 34,9 kg affald fås 14,9 kg pressekage.The waste is treated in the same way as in the experiment in Example 1, but with a compensating temperature of 46 ° C. Of 34.9 kg of waste 14.9 kg of press cake is obtained.

Kemisk analyse af kagen viser følgende sammensætning: 25 Vand : 58,8 vægtprocentChemical analysis of the cake shows the following composition: 25 Water: 58.8% by weight

Fedt : 3,5 "Fat: 3.5 "

Protein: 23,3 "Protein: 23.3 "

DK453380A 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 PROCEDURES FOR DEATHING AND DRAINING OF ANIMAL WASTE, INCLUDING THE SIGNIFICANT Slaughterhouse Waste, Confiscates and Self-Dead Animals DK147568C (en)

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DK453380 1980-10-27

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