DK144523B

DK144523B - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING FIBERS OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS LIKE GLASS OR SLICES

Info

Publication number: DK144523B
Application number: DK331369AA
Authority: DK
Inventors: M Charpentier
Original assignee: Saint Gobain
Priority date: 1968-06-20
Filing date: 1969-06-19
Publication date: 1982-03-22
Also published as: FI50519C; SE351414B; NL164015C; NL6909430A; AT303989B; FR1588823A; ES368586A1; US3649234A; FI50519B; CH495294A; DE1930093A1; BE734855A; CA919878A; NL164015B; BR6909954D0; DK144523C; NO123870B; GB1270679A

Description

(19) DANMARK \π^ iffi(19) DENMARK \ π ^ iffi

|j| (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT m) 144523 B| J | (12) PRESENTATION M) 144523 B

DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETPATENT AND TRADEMARKET DIRECTORATE

(21) Ansøgning nr. 3315/39 (51) lnt.CI.3 C 03 B 37/05 (22) Indleveringsdag 19· jun. 19¾ (24) Løbedag 19· O’un. 19¾ (41) Aim. tilgængelig 21 . dec. 19¾ (44) Fremlagt 22. mar. 1982 (86) International ansøgning nr. - (86) International indleveringsdag - (85) Videreførelsesdag - (62) Stamansøgning nr. -(21) Application No. 3315/39 (51) lnt.CI.3 C 03 B 37/05 (22) Filing date 19 · Jun. 19¾ (24) Race day 19 · O'un. 19¾ (41) Aim. available 21. December 19¾ (44) Submitted Mar 22 1982 (86) International application # - (86) International filing day - (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application no -

(30) Prioritet 20. jun. 1968* 155753# FR(30) Priority Jun 20 1968 * 155753 # FR

(71) Ansøger COMPAGNIE DE SAINT-GOBAIN, 92 - Neuilly-sur-Seine, PR.(71) Applicant COMPAGNIE DE SAINT-GOBAIN, 92 - Neuilly-sur-Seine, PR.

(72) Opfinder Maurice Clharpentier, FR.(72) Inventor Maurice Clharpentier, FR.

(74) Fuldmægtig Internationalt Patent-Bureau.(74) International Patent Bureau.

(54) Fremgangsmåde og apparat til frem= stilling af fibre af termoplastisk materiale, såsom glas eller slagge.(54) Method and apparatus for making fibers of thermoplastic material such as glass or slag.

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af fibre af termoplastisk materiale, såsom glas eller slagge, hvor en streng af smeltet materiale opfanges af et antal arme, der bæres af et roterende legeme.The invention relates to a method for producing fibers of thermoplastic material, such as glass or slag, in which a strand of molten material is intercepted by a number of arms carried by a rotating body.

Til fremstilling af fibre af den her omhandlede art, navnlig glasfibre, er det kendt at anvende et roterende legeme, ved hvilket det smeltede materiale tj ved centrifugalkraften slynges ud gennem mundstykker til dannelse af glastråde.For the manufacture of fibers of this type, in particular glass fibers, it is known to use a rotating body, in which the molten material tj is thrown out by centrifugal force through nozzles to form glass wires.

Ό -yj Den kendte teknik har den ulempe, at den ikke fører til fremstilling af meget & fine fibre med homogen tykkelse, frem for alt på grund af tilstopning af mund- 3- stykkerne.Ό -yj The prior art has the disadvantage that it does not lead to the production of very & fine fibers with homogeneous thickness, mainly due to clogging of the mouth-3 pieces.

Det er også kendt at fremstille glastråde ved hjælp af roterende arme, £ der er således indrettet, at de skærer stråler af smeltet materiale og hver gang tager en lille mængde af dette materiale med sig, hvorved materialet på grund af den høje hastighed af armene deles op i et antal tråde. Også her er det imidler- 2 144523 tid vanskeligt alene ved denne overskæring af strålerne at kontrollere og reproducere fibrenes tykkelse. Desuden er det ved denne teknik ikke muligt at opnå meget fine fibre.It is also known to produce glass wires by means of rotating arms, which are arranged to cut beams of molten material and each time carry a small amount of this material, thereby dividing the material due to the high velocity of the arms. up a number of threads. Here again, however, it is difficult to control and reproduce the thickness of the fibers alone in this cutting of the jets. Moreover, in this technique it is not possible to obtain very fine fibers.

Opfindelsen tager sigte på en fremgangsmåde, med hvilken disse ulemper afhjælpes, hvilken fremgangsmåde ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at der som arme anvendes blade, der er således udformet, at det af hvert blad op-fangne materiale danner et materialeforråd på bladet, hvilket materialeforråd under centrifugalkraftens påvirkning fortrænges mod bladets yderende, og at det fra bladets yderende i form af tråde udgående materiale udsættes for påvirkningen fra en ringformet strøm af varm gas eller damp, med hvilken trådene trækkes til fibre.The invention is directed to a method by which these disadvantages are remedied, which method according to the invention is characterized in that leaves are used as arms, so that the material collected from each leaf forms a material supply on the blade, which material supply under the influence of the centrifugal force is displaced towards the outer edge of the blade and that the material exiting the blade in the form of threads is subjected to the influence of an annular stream of hot gas or steam with which the threads are drawn to fibers.

Anvendelsen af et roterende legeme udformet med blade, på hvilke der dannes et materialeforråd, og langs hvilke det smeltede materiale spreder sig og derefter af centrifugalkraften udslynges fra bladenes yderende har den fordel, at der ikke længere kan forekomme uregelmæssigheder i de udslyngede tråde som følge af f.eks. tilstopning af åbninger eller mundstykker. Disse mere regelmæssige glastråde kan derefter bedre fordeles og trækkes til fibre af gas- eller luftstrømmen rundt om det roterende legeme.The use of a rotary body formed with leaves on which a material supply is formed, along which the molten material spreads and then is thrown out of the blade by the centrifugal force, has the advantage that irregularities in the thrown threads can no longer occur as a result of eg. clogging of openings or nozzles. These more regular glass wires can then be better distributed and drawn to fibers by the gas or air flow around the rotating body.

Opfindelsen angår også et apparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, hvilket apparat er ejendommeligt ved, dels et indløb for en streng af smeltet materiale, dels en rotor med blade indrettet til at bevæge sig gennem strengen, idet hvert blad er således udformet, at der på bladet dannes et forråd af det opsamlede materiale, dels et ringformet forbrændringskammer, som er koaksialt med rotoren og således udformet, at det retter forbrændingsgasser mod trådene på en sådan måde, at disse tråde omdannes til fibre.The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is characterized by, in part, an inlet for a string of molten material, and a rotor with blades arranged to move through the string, each blade being designed so that on the blade, a supply of the collected material is formed, and partly an annular combustion chamber which is coaxial with the rotor and is designed to direct combustion gases to the wires in such a way that these wires are converted into fibers.

Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til den skematiske tegning, hvor fig. 1 viser et lodret snit gennem en første udførelsesform for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 en plan afbildning af bladenes opstilling, fig. 3 et perspektivisk billede af en rotor forsynet med blade, fig. 4 et perspektivisk billede af en del af et blad, fig. 5 et lodret snit gennem en anden udførelsesform for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 7-9 lodrette snit gennem forskellige blade og den på disse tilvejebragte materialemængde, og fig. 10 et billede af et i forhold til rotorens akse skrånende blad set fra siden.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the arrangement of the blades; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a rotor provided with blades; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a leaf; FIG. 5 is a vertical section through another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 7-9 are vertical sections through different blades and the amount of material provided on them; and FIGS. 10 is a side view of a blade inclined to the axis of the rotor.

Apparatet ifølge opfindelsen omfatter en rotor 1, der er forsynet med radialt anbragte blade 2. Rotoren udfører en rotationsbevægelse om sin aksel 3.The apparatus of the invention comprises a rotor 1 provided with radially arranged blades 2. The rotor performs a rotational movement about its shaft 3.

3 1445233 144523

En materialetråd 4, der accelereres ved hjælp af en blæser 5, løber uafbrudt nedefter mellem bladene. Disse blade opfanger tråden og bringer med sig en materialemængde, hvis vægt afhænger af afstanden mellem bladene, samt af rotoren l's rotationshastighed og hastigheden af materialetråden. Det pågældende afsnit af glastråden presses mod bladet, og som følge af rotorens rotation omdannes til et på bladet beliggende lag, der under centrifugalkraftens virkning drives hen mod bladets ende.A material wire 4, accelerated by a blower 5, runs continuously down between the blades. These blades capture the thread and bring with it a quantity of material, the weight of which depends on the distance between the blades, as well as the rotational speed of the rotor 1 and the speed of the material thread. The particular section of the glass wire is pressed against the blade and, as a result of the rotation of the rotor, is transformed into a layer located on the blade which, under the action of centrifugal force, is driven towards the blade end.

Hvert blad har ved sin ende, se fig. 4, fremspring 6 eller kanaler, der bevirker, at materialet opdeles før det kastes ud fra bladene.Each blade has at its end, see fig. 4, projections 6 or channels causing the material to be divided before being ejected from the leaves.

De således tilvejebragte tråde 7 udsættes straks derefter for virkningen af en strøm 9 af passende fluidum f.eks. forbrændingsgas eller damp, der med stor hastighed trækker trådene og omdanner disse tråde til fibre. Ved den i fig. 1 viste udførelsesform finder trækningen sted ved hjælp af forbrændingsgas, der hidrører fra en ringformet brænder 8 beliggende koaksialt med rotoren 1.The wires 7 thus provided are then immediately exposed to the action of a stream 9 of suitable fluid e.g. combustion gas or vapor, which at high velocity pulls the wires and converts these wires into fibers. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the drawing takes place by means of combustion gas emanating from an annular burner 8 located coaxially with the rotor 1.

Fibrene fjernes bort ved hjælp af en ringformet blæser 10, der fødes med luft eller damp.The fibers are removed by means of an annular fan 10 which is fed with air or steam.

For at opnå at materialet har en tilstrækkelig lav viskositet, til at det kan kastes ud fra bladene under centrifugalkraftens virkning, anvendes der et varmeelement 11, der ved induktion opvarmer bladenes ender og navnlig fremspringene til en passende temperatur.In order to obtain that the material has a sufficiently low viscosity that it can be ejected from the leaves under the action of the centrifugal force, a heating element 11 is used which by induction heats the ends of the leaves and, in particular, the projections to a suitable temperature.

Ved den i fig. 5 viste udførelsesfonn erstattes trækningen ved hjælp af et fluidum med stor hastighed af en trækning alene under centrifugalkraftens virkning. For at forøge trækvirkningen holdes trådene 7 ved den passende temperatur under anvendelse af en brænder 12, der afgiver '•bløde" flammer, dvs. flammer uden kinetisk energi. En ringformet blæser 13 muliggør'bortledning af de tilvejebragte fibre.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the drawing is replaced by a high velocity fluid by a drawing alone under the action of the centrifugal force. In order to increase the tensile effect, the wires 7 are kept at the appropriate temperature using a burner 12 which emits 'soft' flames, i.e. flames without kinetic energy. An annular fan 13 enables the fibers to be dissipated.

Få samme måde som i det foregående eksempel er der anvendt et induktionsvarmeelement 14 anbragt koncentrisk om rotoren.In the same way as in the previous example, an induction heating element 14 located concentrically on the rotor is used.

For at opnå en ensartet finhed af fibrene er det nødvendigt, at materialet flyder uafbrudt fra bladets ende. Med henblik derpå er der tilvejebragt på hvert blad en materialemængde, der virker som forråd og er tilstrækkelig stor til, at der opnås en uafbrudt bortledning af filamenter eller tråde til trods for, at bladene fødes intermitterende ved passage afhvert blad gennem glastråden.In order to achieve a uniform fineness of the fibers, it is necessary for the material to flow continuously from the end of the blade. To this end, a supply of material is provided on each blade which is sufficiently large to provide an uninterrupted discharge of filaments or threads, despite the fact that the leaves are intermittently fed by passing each leaf through the glass wire.

Ved den i fig. 6 viste udførelsesform anvendes der en på forhånd opdelt materialetråd 4a, der føres mellem bladene 27. Tråden opnås, ved at lade en materialetråd 4 ramme et ved periferien af en rillet skive 24 beliggende punkt, hvorved tråden under centrifugalkraftens virkning opdeles. Apparatet omfatter et ringformet forbrændingskammer 25, der afgiver forbrændingsgas med stor hastighed og høj temperatur til ved trækning at omdanne de fra bladeneIn the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a pre-divided material wire 4a is used which is passed between the blades 27. The wire is obtained by letting a material wire 4 hit a point located at the periphery of a grooved disc 24, thereby dividing the wire under the action of centrifugal force. The apparatus comprises an annular combustion chamber 25 which emits combustion gas at high speed and high temperature to convert them from the blades upon drawing.

Claims

4 144523 derived filaments 26 for fibers. The apparatus further comprises an annular fan 28 which is fed with air or steam, and an induction heating element 29. FIG. 7-9 show various examples of measures to create material inventory on each sheet. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, in the vicinity of the rotor 1, the blade 15 has a concave shape relative to the direction of rotation. A certain amount of material is collected in the recess 16 thus provided. 8, the blade 17 has a projection 18 with an opening 19 for passage of the material. A certain amount of material is collected.bag the protrusion. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a projection 18 is also used, but the blade 20 has a profile with the same curvature as the curvature of the ejected fibers. In this embodiment, a considerable improvement in the material discharge at the blade end is achieved. With a large number of material fibers 4, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the amount of material on the leaves. In the foregoing, it was assumed that the blades were located in the same direction as the rotor produces. In this case, a uniform distribution of the material over the height of each blade is possible only if the section of material wire caught by the blade has a length corresponding to the height of the blade. This condition requires high velocities for the material wire and may be located between 10 and 80 m / sec, depending on the dimension of the rotor and its speed. This speed can be significantly reduced if the blades 21 are imparted to a certain slope relative to the axis of rotation 22, see Fig. 10. In that case, the length of the wire section 23 intercepted by the blade is less than the blade height. The thread section is distributed over the entire blade height. The uniformity of the distribution depends on the angle α between the blade and the axis of rotation of the rotor.

A method of producing fibers of thermoplastic material, such as glass or slag, wherein a strand of molten material is intercepted by a number of substantially radial arms carried by a rotating body, characterized in that leaves are used as arms which is formed so that the material trapped by each blade forms a material supply on the blade, which material supply under the influence of the centrifugal force is displaced against the blade's outer end and that the material exiting the blade in the form of wires is subjected to the influence of an annular stream of hot gas or steam with which the threads are drawn to fibers.