DK143909B

DK143909B - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING AN INSULATIVE ELEMENT SPECIFIC BUILDING PLATE AND CASTING FOR USE IN SAME

Info

Publication number: DK143909B
Application number: DK531877A
Authority: DK
Inventors: O Wiene
Original assignee: Permataet
Priority date: 1977-03-25
Filing date: 1977-11-30
Publication date: 1981-10-26
Also published as: DK531877A; DK143909C

Description

i 143909in 143909

Patent nr. 139.040 angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et isolerende element, særlig bygningsplade, der består af en kitmasse, f.eks. cement eller gips, der i en sammenhængende fase omgiver hule, polymere korn af størrelsen 5 0,5-15 mm og af ringe rumvægt, og det ejendommelige ifølge hovedpatentet er, at der anvendes ekspanderede, celledelte, polymere korn, fortrinsvis polystyrenkugler med rumvægt 3 0,01-0,04 g/cm , og at disse anbringes liggende tæt trykket mod hinanden og fastholdt af et til formen fastgjort net 10 eller en hulplade, medens kitmassen tilføres denne til dannelse af et rumnet med lukkede celler omkring kornene.Patent No. 139,040 relates to a process for the manufacture of an insulating element, in particular a building board consisting of a pulp, e.g. cement or gypsum, in a continuous phase, surrounding hollow, polymeric grains of size 0.5-15 mm and of low bulk weight, and the peculiar feature of the main patent is the use of expanded cellular polymeric granules, preferably polystyrene balls of bulk weight 3. 0.01-0.04 g / cm, and they are placed tightly against each other and held by a mesh 10 or a hollow plate, while the pulp is applied to form a closed cell compartment around the grains.

Som kitmasse anvendes ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse et hydraulisk bindemiddel, såsom gips, som er godt ekspanderende under hærdningen. Under indføringen af kit-15 massen vil ikke blot kornene adskilles af denne som følge af deres opdrift, men kitmassen vil under sin begyndende hærdning og deraf følgende udvidelse klemme sig yderligere ind mod kornene. Dette er vigtigt, da total eller næsten total omslutning af kuglerne med bindemiddel gør det færdi-20 ge emne væsentligt mere branddrøjt, fordi varm luft og flammer ikke kan spredes fra kugle til kugle, før den mellemliggende gipsvæg er brændt væk.As a pulp, according to the present invention, a hydraulic binder such as gypsum which is well expanding during curing is used. During the introduction of the kit-15 mass, not only will the grains be separated by it due to their buoyancy, but during its initial curing and subsequent expansion, the grains will squeeze further against the grains. This is important as total or almost total enclosure of the beads with binder makes the finished item substantially more fire-resistant because hot air and flames cannot spread from bullet to bullet until the intermediate drywall is burned away.

Ifølge opfindelsen kan kornene sammenpresses så meget i formen, at der netop levnes så meget rum til bindemidlet, at dette 25 ved dets tilførsel, der eventuelt kan ske under tryk, kan gennemtrænge kornlaget til dannelse af rumnettet. Derved opnås et optimum af styrke og branddrøjhed samt isolationsevne og letvægt ved det færdige produkt.According to the invention, the grains can be compressed so much in the mold that there is just so much space left for the binder that this, through its supply, which may be pressurized, can penetrate the grain layer to form the space network. This results in an optimum of strength and fire retardation as well as insulation and light weight of the finished product.

De nævnte optimale egenskaber ved produktet vil fremmes, 30 hvis man sikrer en jævnt ensartet finhed af cellevægtykkelsen ved Ifølge opfindelsen at anvende forud godt blandede, ekspanderede polystyrenkugler af to størrelsesfraktioner på henholdsvis 66 rumprocent kugler med 8-15 mm 143909 2 diameter og 34 rumprocent med 3-1/2 mm i diameter.Said optimum properties of the product will be promoted by ensuring an even uniformity of cell wall thickness by using pre-mixed, well-mixed, expanded polystyrene spheres of two size fractions of 8-15 mm and 8-15 mm spheres, respectively, and 34 3-1 / 2 mm in diameter.

Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan kornene sammenrystes f.eks. ved en kortvarig vibrering i formen, inden kitmassen hældes ud mellem kornene. Dette giver et kornrigt 5 og let produkt. Over kornene er udlagt et stramt net eller en hulplade, som sikrer, at kornene, som jo er meget lette, ikke forlader den tætpakkede tilstand og flyder opad i formen under kitmassens indføring, men forbliver på plads til dannelse af et ensartet kornrigt lag i elementet.In the method according to the invention, the grains can be shaken e.g. by a brief vibration in the mold before pouring the putty mass between the grains. This gives a grainy 5 and lightweight product. A tight mesh or hollow plate is laid over the grains which ensures that the grains, which are very light, do not leave the tightly packed state and flow upwards in the mold during the insertion of the putty, but remain in place to form a uniform grain-rich layer in the element. .

10 Ifølge opfindelsen kan nettet være monteret udspændt i en stiv ramme, som er fastgjort på formen og holder dette fast trykket mod kornene under støbningen, hvilket net aftages med dets ramme under hærdningen, hvorved nettet ikke kommer til at indgå i det færdige element, men kan anvendes til 15 fremstilling af nye elementer. Hvis nettet ved udtagningen efterlader spor i det udstøbte legeme, dækkes disse eventuelt ved overhældning med kitmasse, eller de renskæres. I stedet for det nævnte net kan man benytte en hulplade.According to the invention, the net can be mounted clamped in a rigid frame which is fixed to the mold and holds it firmly against the grains during the casting, which net is removed with its frame during the curing, whereby the net will not form part of the finished element, but can be used for making new elements. If the net leaves, at the time of removal, leaves traces in the cast body, these are possibly covered by overlap with putty or they are cleaned. Instead of the grid mentioned, a hole plate can be used.

Såvel net som hulplade kan dog også indgå i det færdige 20 element som armering. Som egentlig armering kan man også før kornenes indlægning indlægge et net af plastmateriale, f.eks. polyethylen eller polyvinylchlorid, eller man kan indlægge en plade af gipskarton.However, both mesh and hole plate can also be included in the finished element as reinforcement. As a real reinforcement, you can also insert a net of plastic material before inserting the grain, e.g. polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, or you can insert a plasterboard board.

Principielt bør nettets maskestørrelse og hulpladens hul-25 størrelse være mindre end korndiameteren, men i praksis er der intet i vejen for, at den kan være noget større, idet kornene vil pakke sig sammen ud for hullet eller hullerne.In principle, the mesh size of the mesh and the hole size of the hole plate should be smaller than the grain diameter, but in practice there is nothing in the way of it being somewhat larger, as the grains will wrap up next to the hole or holes.

Endvidere kan man ifølge opfindelsen før kornenes indlægning i formen i denne indlægge et lag af et for vanddamp 30 og fugt uigennemtrængeligt lag, såsom en asfaltmåtte eller en plast- eller aluminiumsfolie eller en plade af polyure= 3 143909 than, enten i formens ene side eller midt i formen afhængig afj hvilken form for anvendelse der er tænkt på med elementet.Further, according to the invention, prior to inserting the grains into the mold of this mold, a layer of a water vapor 30 and moisture impervious layer such as an asphalt mat or a plastic or aluminum foil or a sheet of polyure = 3 in the middle of the mold depending on what kind of use is thought of with the element.

For at hindre kornene i, at de skal søge at omlejre sig som 5 følge af deres opdrift i kitmassen, når denne begynder at blive udstøbt, kan man ifølge opfindelsen før kitmassetil-sætningen komprimere kornene 3-15% af deres samlede rumfang. Dette svarer til lidt mere end den kompression, der ville være blevet følgen af deres flyden opad i formen ved 10 kitmassens indføring.In order to prevent the grains from seeking to rearrange as a result of their buoyancy in the pulp as it begins to be cast, according to the invention, prior to the pulp addition, the grains can be compressed 3-15% of their total volume. This corresponds to little more than the compression that would have been the result of their upward flow in the mold at the insertion of the putty.

Denne komprimering til reduktion af kornenes rumfang med 3-15 rumprocent kan ifølge opfindelsen i stedet for fremkaldes efter kitmassens tilsætning, f.eks. ved bevægelse af et i formens bund anbragt stempel. Dette kan dække bun-15 den helt eller delvis.This compression for reducing the volume of the grains by 3-15% by volume can according to the invention be developed instead of the addition of the pulp, e.g. by moving a piston placed in the bottom of the mold. This may cover the bottom completely or partially.

Ved på denne måde at give støbeformen et variabelt rumfang kan man bevæge stemplet netop så meget, at man får lige akkurat den ønskede sikkerhed mod en så stor reduktion af tværsnittet af kanalerne mellem kornene, at kitmassen ikke 20 kan fylde kanalerne fuldt ud, hvilket bl.a. kan skyldes okkluderet luft i de ofte kapillare kanaler.By giving the mold a variable volume in this way, one can move the piston just as much as one gets just the desired security against such a large reduction in the cross-section of the channels between the grains that the putty cannot fully fill the channels, which .a. may be due to occluded air in the often capillary ducts.

I visse tilfælde vil man imidlertid kunne ønske en ekstra let plade, mod at man slækker på kravene til dennes brandhæmmende egenskaber, og i sådanne tilfælde kan man ifølge 25 opfindelsen forkomprimere kornene i formen ud over 15 rumprocent. Derved får man et særligt let og velisolerende element. I sådanne tilfælde vil kapillarvirkningen i kanalerne mellem kornene samt den hydrauliske virkning ved hærdningen ikke være tilstrækkelige til, at kitmassen kan 30 trænge fuldstændigt ind mellem kornenes berøringsflader og adskille disse helt. Det færdige legeme vil derfor få en højere rumprocent korn og dermed en højere isoleringsevne.In some cases, however, one may wish for an extra lightweight plate to relax the requirements for its fire-retardant properties, and in such cases, according to the invention, the grains in the mold can be pre-compressed beyond 15% by volume. This provides a particularly light and well-insulating element. In such cases, the capillary action in the channels between the grains as well as the hydraulic action of the curing will not be sufficient for the pulp to penetrate completely between the contact surfaces of the grains and separate them completely. The finished body will therefore have a higher percentage of grain and thus a higher insulating capacity.

143909 4143909 4

Elementer, der er fremstillet ifølge opfindelsen vil være homogene og isotrope.Elements made according to the invention will be homogeneous and isotropic.

Visse elementformer kan som følge af deres rumlige udstrækning frembyde særlige vanskeligheder med at trænge luften 5 ud, så at man får de nævnte vanskeligheder med okkluderet luft. Ifølge opfindelsen kan man i formen efter kornenes indføring i denne frembringe et vakuum, hvorefter kitmassen tilføres gennem en ventil, altså medens der stadig hersker et vist vakuum i formen. Dette vakuum vil ikke blot redu-10 cere luftmængden, men også tilskynde endnu tilbageværende luftmængder til at undslippe. Ganske vist vil kornene samtidigt udvide sig noget som følge af det indre tryk i deres porer eller blærer, men de vil samtidigt være mere eftergivende over for den indtrængende kitmasse.Certain elemental shapes, because of their spatial extent, can present particular difficulties in exhaling the air 5, so as to obtain said difficulties with occluded air. According to the invention, in the mold, after the introduction of the grains therein, a vacuum can be generated, after which the putty mass is supplied through a valve, while there is still a certain vacuum in the mold. This vacuum will not only reduce the amount of air, but also encourage remaining air volumes to escape. While the grains will simultaneously expand somewhat as a result of the internal pressure in their pores or blisters, they will at the same time be more resilient to the penetrating pulp.

15 I andre tilfælde vil man, hvor formen har en anden udformning, foretrække ifølge opfindelsen at tilføre kitmassen under tryk fra formens bund under stigende støbning. Også denne fremgangsmåde vil være velegnet til at undgå indesluttede luftmængder, der kan danne uønskede kaviteter i 20 det fremstillede produkt. Sådanne kaviteter kan være særligt uønskede, hvis de kommer til syne på overfladen af det færdige produkt.In other cases, where the mold has a different configuration, it is preferable, according to the invention, to apply the putty mass under pressure from the bottom of the mold during rising molding. Also, this method will be suitable for avoiding entrapped volumes of air that may form unwanted cavities in the product produced. Such cavities may be particularly undesirable if they appear on the surface of the finished product.

Hvis det drejer sig om fremstilling af et element, f.eks. en bygningsplade, kan man med fordel benytte såkaldt sti-25 gende støbning, ved at man ifølge opfindelsen holder formen, som er rektangulær, med et hjørne nedad og med sidekanterne hældende omkring 45° med vandret plan og fylder formen med kitmasse fra formhulrummets nederste del.In the case of the manufacture of an element, e.g. a building board, it is advantageous to use so-called rising molding, by keeping the mold, which is rectangular, with a corner downwards and with the side edges inclined about 45 ° with a horizontal plane and filling the mold with putty from the bottom part of the mold cavity .

30 Ved at anbringe et. finmasket net under kornene kan man sikre sig et underste lag af ren kitmasse, hvilket giver en jævn, ubrudt underside af det fremstillede element. Hvor det drejer sig om fremstilling af et plant element, vil man ofte ønske at have i 5 143909 hvert fald den ene side jævn, dvs. kornfri, og i sådanne tilfælde kan man ifølge opfindelsen foretage udstøbningen, medens formen står på højkant, og derefter - så snart af-hærdningen er begyndt - vende formen til vandret stilling.30 By placing one. fine mesh underneath the grains, one can secure a lower layer of pure putty, which provides a smooth, unbroken underside of the fabricated element. In the case of the production of a flat element, it is often desired to have at least one side even in 5 143909, ie. grain-free, and in such cases, according to the invention, the molding can be made while the mold is at its height, and then - once the curing has begun - turn the mold into a horizontal position.

5 Derved vil der dannes et tyndt kornfrit lag på den ny underside, som derved, efter at legemet er udtaget af formen, vil fremvise en jævn overflade uden synlige korn. De korn, som oprindelig måtte have lejret sig i den pågældende side af formen, har nemlig som følge af opdriften forskudt sig 10 en smule opad, hvorved kitmassen har kunnet trænge ind under dem og danne den jævne ubrudte overflade.In this way, a thin grain-free layer will be formed on the new underside, which, after removing the body from the mold, will show a smooth surface with no visible grain. The grains that originally may have settled in that particular side of the mold have, as a result of the buoyancy, shifted slightly upwards, whereby the putty mass has been able to penetrate beneath them and form the smooth unbroken surface.

Hvis man også ønsker, at andre af elementets sider skal være jævne og ubrudte, kan man foretage en efterudstøb-ning af bindemidlet på disse; men et plant element uden synlige korn på nogen af siderne kan på enklere vis frem-15 stilles ved, at formen ifølge opfindelsen, efter at være holdt i vandret stilling under udstøbningen,så snart afhærd-ningen skal til at begynde, vendes helt omkring. Derved vil der dannes et kornfrit lag på den nye underside, hvorved begge elementets sideflader vil fremvise en jævn overflade 20 uden synlige korn, og væggen vil være sømfast, således at den uden videre kan sømmes eller klæbes på indersiden af en eksisterende husmur, ligesom befæstigelse af emner på pladen lettes.If you also want other sides of the element to be smooth and unbroken, you can do a post-casting of the binder on them; but a flat element with no visible grain on either side can be more readily made by the fact that the mold according to the invention, after being held in a horizontal position during the casting, as soon as the curing is to begin, is completely reversed. Thereby, a grain-free layer will be formed on the new underside whereby both side surfaces of the element will exhibit a smooth surface 20 with no visible grain, and the wall will be seam-proof so that it can be easily seamed or adhered to the inside of an existing house wall, as well as fastening. of items on the plate are facilitated.

En yderligere udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge op-25 findelsen er ejendommelig derved, at man, efter at kornene i færdigekspanderet tilstand er ifyldt formen og eventuelt sammenrystet eller sammenpresset i denne, indpresser kitmassen mellem kornene igennem en under kornene anbragt hulplade samtidigt med, at man opretholder en mulighed for 30 luftafgang, fortrinsvis ved formens øvre ende. Derved reduceres endnu tilstedeværende kaviteter, idet luften presses ud af den opstigende kitmasse.A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is peculiar in that, after the grains in the fully expanded state are filled into the mold and optionally shredded or compressed therein, the putty mass is pressed between the grains through a hollow plate placed at the same time as maintaining the an option for air outlet, preferably at the upper end of the mold. Thereby, still present cavities are reduced as the air is squeezed out of the ascending pulp.

En særlig effektiv sammenpakning af kornene får man, ved 1A3909 6 at disse ifølge opfindelsen inden kitmassens tilføring sammenpresses i to retninger, samtidigt eller ikke samtidigt, dels. med et fra den ene langsidekant indpresset og derefter fastholdt stempel, dels med en bevægelig sidevæg, som 5 bevæges med hydraulisk, pneumatisk, elektromagnetisk eller mekanisk virkende organer.Particularly effective packaging of the grains is obtained by compressing them according to the invention prior to the application of the pulp in two directions, simultaneously or not simultaneously, partly. with a piston pressed in from one longitudinal edge and then retained, partly with a movable side wall which is moved by hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic or mechanical acting means.

En særlig enkel måde til samtidig betjening af to formhulrum på én gang med en bevægelig væg består ifølge opfindelsen i, at sidevæggen bevæges ved et mellem denne og en belt) vægelig sidevæg i en tilsvarende formhulhed skabt vakuum.According to the invention, a particularly simple way of simultaneously operating two mold cavities at one time with a movable wall is that the sidewall is moved by a vacuum wall formed between it and a belt.

De to nævnte, bevægelige og mod hinanden vendende formsidevægge kan ifølge opfindelsen være lejret forskydeligt på et centralt, uperforeret parti på de to formhulrums fælles hulplade.According to the invention, the two said movable and facing mold side walls may be slidably mounted on a central, unperforated portion of the two hollow cavities of the two mold cavities.

på tegningen er i perspektiv og tildels i snit vist tre udførelsesformer for den til udførelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen bestemte støbeform, idet fig. 1 viser en vandret form i åbnet tilstand, fig. 2 et deri udstøbt pladeformet element, 20 fig". 3 en lodret form, som er ved at blive gjort klar til udstøbning, fig. 4 en del af en på sit ene hjørne hvilende form under udstøbning, og fig. 5 et lodret snit gennem en form, hvor tilførslen af 25 kitmasse sker nedefra, idet formen kan nedtrykkes i et kar med kitmasse.Fig. 3 shows in perspective and partly in section three embodiments of the mold for carrying out the method according to the invention, with fig. 1 shows a horizontal shape in the opened state; FIG. Fig. 2 shows a plate-shaped element embedded therein, Fig. 20; Fig. 3 is a vertical mold which is being prepared for casting; Fig. 4 is a part of a mold resting on one corner during casting, and Fig. 5 is a vertical section through a mold in which the supply of 25 pulp pulp occurs from below, the mold being depressurized in a putty with pulp pulp.

På et vibrationsbord 1 er der i fig. 1 lagt en formramme 2, på hvilken der fastgøres et i en ramme 3 udspændt poly= 143909 7 ethylennet 4 ved hjælp af kiler 5, af hvilke kun en enkelt er vist på tegningen.On a vibration table 1, in FIG. 1, a molding frame 2 is laid on which is attached a polyethylene mesh 4 which is stretched into a frame 3 by means of wedges 5, only one of which is shown in the drawing.

Umiddelbart før nettets anbringelse fyldes formen 2, der har aftagelig bund 7, med et kornet materiale, der består 5 af et lag af polystyrenkugler med en diameter på 0,5-7 mm 3 diameter og med en rumvægt på omkring 0,015 g/cm , og gennem nettet 4's masker hældes derefter en lind, cremeagtig kitmasse af letflydende gipsmørtel, eventuelt under vibre-ring af bordet 1. Nettet 4 vil herunder holde kuglerne på 10 plads, tætpakket i formen, og vibreringen vil sikre, at gipsvællingen løber ud mellem kuglerne, så at disse bliver indbyrdes adskilt med membrantynde vægge. Gipsen danner således et lukketcellet rumnet omkring kornene.Immediately prior to the application of the net, the mold 2 having a removable bottom 7 is filled with a granular material consisting of a layer of polystyrene balls having a diameter of 0.5-7 mm 3 diameter and having a weight of about 0.015 g / cm and through the meshes of the mesh 4, a lime, creamy putty of lightly flowing gypsum mortar is then poured, possibly during vibration of the table 1. The mesh 4 will include the balls in place 10, tightly packed in the mold, and the vibration will ensure that the gypsum swelling runs out between the balls. so that these are separated by membrane-thin walls. The plaster thus forms a sealed cell cavity around the grains.

Som følge af, at kornene ligger tætpakket i det færdige ele-15 ment, vil dette være væsentlig lettere end kendte elementer 3 af gips. Mens disse sidste har en rumvægt på ca. 0,9 g/cm , kan rumvægten af elementet ifølge opfindelsen være omkring 0,26 g/cm3.Because the grains are tightly packed in the finished element, this will be substantially lighter than known elements 3 of plaster. While the latter have a space weight of approx. 0.9 g / cm 3, the weight of the element according to the invention may be about 0.26 g / cm 3.

Til trods for den yderst ringe mængde gips, der indgår i 20 elementet, vil dette have udmærket brandhæmmende egenskaber. Ved påvirkning med flammer fra en bunsenbrænder brændte af en 6 cm tyk væg i 1 1/2 time kun 3 cm af væggen bort, mens væggens anden side over for brandstedet ikke havde nogen mærkbar temperaturforøgelse. Pladens brandhæmmende 25 egenskaber tilfredsstiller de krav, der stilles til de over-fladebrandtekniske egenskaber ved en beklædning af klasse 1, idet pladen bestod prøverne ved såvel lådmetoden (SFTM 4), som panelmetoden (SPA 8). Endvidere er det ved forsøg godtgjort, at pladen tilfredsstiller kravene til BD 90 efter 30 brandkammerprøvning efter DS 1051.Despite the extremely small amount of plaster included in the element, this will have excellent fire retardant properties. When exposed to flames from a bunsen burner, a 6 cm thick wall for 1 1/2 hours burned only 3 cm of the wall, while the other side of the wall opposite the fire site had no noticeable temperature increase. The flame retardant properties of the plate satisfy the requirements of the surface fire technical properties of a class 1 coating, the plate passed the tests by both the box method (SFTM 4) and the panel method (SPA 8). Furthermore, it has been shown by experiment that the plate meets the requirements for BD 90 after 30 fire chamber tests according to DS 1051.

Også pladens varmeisolerende egenskaber er væsentlig bedre end gipspladens, og det beskrevne element vil også være langt mere varmeisolerende end gasbeton. Elementets varme- 143909 8 ledningskoefficient er omkring 0,062 W/m°C.Also, the heat insulating properties of the slab are significantly better than the plasterboard, and the element described will also be much more heat insulating than gas concrete. The heating coefficient of the element is about 0.062 W / m ° C.

I nærheden af formen 2's bund er der indlagt en hulplade 6 eller et småmasket net, der friholder et snævert område i formbunden for korn, når disse anbringes i formen, og der 5 fremstilles derved en isolerende bygningsplade 12, fig. 2, med et kornholdigt centralt lag 13, omgivet af et i formrammens bund dannet lag 14 af ren gips og et i formens øverste del efter nettet 4's frigørelse udhældt lag af ren gips 15. Elementet 12 har desuden et indlagt grovmasket metalnet 10 16 som armering. Nettet kan være indlagt på plads i formen før eller efter anbringelsen af kuglerne 17, da disse u-hindret kan passere gennem nettet 16's masker.In the vicinity of the bottom of the mold 2, a hollow plate 6 or a small mesh net is inserted which frees a narrow area in the mold bottom for grains when placed in the mold, and an insulating building plate 12 is thereby produced. 2, with a grain-containing central layer 13, surrounded by a layer of pure gypsum formed in the bottom of the mold frame and a layer of pure gypsum poured into the upper part of the mold 4 after the release of the mesh 4. The element 12 also has a coarse mesh metal mesh 10 16 as reinforcement. . The mesh may be in place in the mold before or after the placement of the balls 17, as these may be obstructed through the meshes of the mesh 16.

Over et lag af ekspanderede polystyrenkorn med op til 10 mm's diameter, som fastholdtes tæt sammenpakket af et 15 net 4, hældtes i en form, som den i fig. 1 viste, dog uden hulpladen 6, en let cementmørtel af en hurtig hærdende type og bestående af en vægtdel cement for hver 0,4-0,5 dele vand. Det støbte element havde en rumvægt på omkring 0,4 3 g/cm , og de brandhæmmende egenskaber var bedre end for 2Q elementet ifølge det foran nævnte eksempel.Over a layer of expanded polystyrene grains up to 10 mm in diameter, which was tightly packed together by a mesh 4, was poured into a mold like the one shown in FIG. 1 showed, however, without the hole plate 6, a light cement mortar of a fast curing type and consisting of one part by weight of cement for each 0.4-0.5 parts of water. The molded element had a bulk weight of about 0.4 3 g / cm and the fire retardant properties were better than that of the 2Q element according to the above example.

Ved at støbe elementet i en lodret form 8, som den i fig.3 viste, kan man fremstille et stort antal elementer samtidigt, idet man anbringer formene ved siden af hinanden. I hver side af formen kan man før kuglernes indlægning ind-25 sætte papplader 9 og 10, som så sammenstøbes med elementet.By molding the element in a vertical shape 8, such as shown in Fig. 3, one can produce a large number of elements simultaneously, placing the molds side by side. In each side of the mold, before insertion of the balls, cardboard plates 9 and 10 can be inserted, which are then molded with the element.

Pladerne gør elementet stærkere og bestandigere, ligesom de også på kendt måde øger sømfastheden. En hulplade 11 med et håndtag 18 skydes ind over formhulrummet 19, hvorefter formen fyldes op med polystyrenkugler af to størrelsesfraktio-30 ner, nemlig 66 rumprocent med 12 mm's diameter og 34 rumprocent med 2 mm's diameter. Kuglerne blandes grundigt, inden de anbringes i formen. Derefter presses et i formens bund anbragt stempel 20 med stempelstænger 21 opad i formen, 143909 9 indtil kuglerne er blevet sammenpresset til omkring 88% af deres oprindelige rumfang i formen, hvorved stemplet 20's overflade 22 vil være nået op til pappladerne 9's og 10's underkant 23. Pladen 10 hviler på en klods 24 i formhulrum-5 met, uden om hvilken klods stemplet 20 bevæger sig, idet det har firkantede udsparinger i sine hjørner svarende til klodserne 24's form.The panels make the element stronger and more durable, as well as increasing the seam strength in a known way. A hollow plate 11 with a handle 18 is slid into the mold cavity 19, after which the mold is filled with polystyrene balls of two size fractions, namely 66 space percent of 12 mm diameter and 34 space percent of 2 mm diameter. The balls are thoroughly mixed before being placed in the mold. Then, a piston 20 located in the bottom of the mold is pressed with piston rods 21 upwards in the mold, until the balls have been compressed to about 88% of their original volume in the mold, whereby the surface 22 of the piston 20 will reach the lower edge 23 of the cardboard plates 9 and 10 The plate 10 rests on a block 24 of the mold cavity 5 around which the piston 20 moves, having square recesses in its corners corresponding to the shape of the blocks 24.

Ved den i fig. 4 viste, på sit ene hjørne hvilende form foretages udstøbningen gennem en ventil 25 ved formens neder-10 ste hjørne. I formens ene side er indlagt en fugt- og damptæt asfaltplade 26, og i formens midte er der indlagt et stormasket net 27, hvorefter formen er fyldt med polystyrenkugler 28, og formens aftagelige sidevæg 29 er presset ned over disse til lukning af formen. Gennem et hul 30 i formens 15 øverste hjørne kan luft fra formhulheden undslippe, efterhånden som gipsvællingen 31 tilføres fra neden.I fig. 4 er den nederste tiendedel af formen allerede fyldt med gips 31.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, casting on one corner of the mold is effected through a valve 25 at the lower corner of the mold. On one side of the mold is a moisture and vapor-proof asphalt plate 26, and in the middle of the mold is a large mesh net 27, after which the mold is filled with polystyrene balls 28 and the removable sidewall 29 of the mold is pressed down to close the mold. Through a hole 30 in the upper corner of the mold 15, air from the mold cavity can escape as the plaster roll 31 is fed from below. 4, the lower tenth of the mold is already filled with plaster 31.

Denne kan tilføres under tryk fra en med formen gennem en ledning 32 forbundet højdeforskydelig gipsbeholder, der ik-20 ke er vist på tegningen. Man kan imidlertid også sætte en ikke vist sugeledning til hullet 3Q og derved suge gipsvællingen op i formen.This can be supplied under pressure from a height-displaceable gypsum container connected to the mold through a conduit 32, which is not shown in the drawing. However, a suction line not shown to the hole 3Q can also be added, thereby sucking up the plaster cast into the mold.

I stedet for gips kan man anvende andre kitmasser. Til u-dendørs elementer vil man fortrinsvis foretrække at anvende 25 cement som kitmasse, men også andre mørtler kan komme i betragtning .Other plaster can be used instead of plaster. For outdoor elements, it is preferable to use 25 cement as a pulp, but other mortars may also be considered.

I fig. 5 ses en form 40 til støbning af to isolerende elementer 53 og 54. Formen har nederst en hulplade 41 med huller 42. Ved pladens kant har den tætningslister 43, der 30 f.eks. kan være påskruet. Når en støbning skal ske, fyldes først de to formhulrum med kugler 45, og disses trykkes sammen med stempler 46 fastholdt af trykbøjler 55. Derefter anbringes formen 40 i et kar 47 med kitmasse 48, idet 143909 ίο listerne 43 glider på og danner tæt pakning med karrets indervæg. Kitmassen trykkes herved op gennem hulpladen og ind imellem kuglerne. Eventuel luft i formen drives ud gennem huller 50 i stemplerne 46.In FIG. 5 shows a mold 40 for casting two insulating elements 53 and 54. The mold has at the bottom a hollow plate 41 with holes 42. At the edge of the plate it has sealing strips 43 which 30 e.g. may be screwed on. When a molding is to be done, the two mold cavities are first filled with balls 45 and pressed together with pistons 46 held by pressure brackets 55. Then the mold 40 is placed in a vessel 47 with putty 48, with slides 43 sliding on and forming tight seal with the inside wall of the tub. The kit mass is thereby pushed up through the hole plate and in between the balls. Any air in the mold is expelled through holes 50 in the pistons 46.

5 Formen har, som det vil ses, to formhulheder 53 og 54, der er adskilt af to parallelle vægge 56 og 57. Disse er forskydelige og hviler på et uperforeret, centralt parti 52 af hulpladen 41, Det imellem pladerne 56 og 57 beliggende hulrum 58 er hele vejen rundt langs sin omkreds begrænset 10 af en svampegummiliste 59, der eventuelt også kan strække sig ind i hulrummet til dannelse af kanaler i dette.5 The mold has, as will be seen, two mold cavities 53 and 54 which are separated by two parallel walls 56 and 57. These are displaceable and rest on an unperforated central portion 52 of the hollow plate 41, the cavities located between the plates 56 and 57 58, all along its circumference is constrained 10 by a sponge rubber mold 59, which may also extend into the cavity to form channels therein.

Før kuglerne 45 fyldes i de to formhulrum 53 og 54;er disse åbne oventil, og væggene 56 og 57 er trukket sammen mod hinanden som følge af, at der er frembragt vakuum i hulrum-15 met 58. Når kuglerne er anbragt på plads, trykkes først stemplerne 46 ned mod disse, og en spændebøjle 55 fastgøres til fastholdelse af stemplerne.Before the balls 45 are filled into the two mold cavities 53 and 54, these are open-ended and the walls 56 and 57 are contracted against each other as a result of vacuum being formed in the cavity 58. When the balls are placed in place, first the pistons 46 are pressed down against them and a clamp 55 is secured to hold the pistons.

Derefter ophæves vakuum'et i hulrummet 58, og det erstattes eventuelt med et overtryk, hvorved væggene 56 og 57 presses 20 ud i den i fig. 5 viste stilling, hvorved kuglerne er blevet kraftigt sammenpresset i to på hinanden vinkelrette retninger.Thereafter, the vacuum in the cavity 58 is eliminated and optionally replaced with an overpressure, whereby the walls 56 and 57 are extruded 20 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, whereby the balls have been strongly compressed in two mutually perpendicular directions.

Derefter presses hele formen 40 ned i karret 47, hvorved gipsen 48 i dette presses gennem hullerne 42 op imellem 25 kornene og driver luften ovenud gennem hullerne 50.Then, the entire mold 40 is pressed down into the vessel 47, whereby the plaster 48 thereof is pressed through the holes 42 up between the 25 grains and drives the air outwards through the holes 50.

Ved afformningen tages formen helt eller delvis ud af karret 47, og der frembringes et vakuum i hulrummet 58, hvorved væggene 56 og 57 trækkes ind mod en knop 60 på partiet 52, hvorved de afforskaller de indvendige sider af de ud-3 0 støbte legemer.In the molding, the mold is completely or partially removed from the vessel 47, and a vacuum is created in the cavity 58, whereby the walls 56 and 57 are drawn against a knob 60 on the portion 52, whereby they peel off the inner sides of the molded bodies. .

Derefter aftages bøjlen 55 og stemplerne 46 samt de ydre si-Thereafter, the bracket 55 and the pistons 46 as well as the outer side are removed.

Claims

143909, and the molded bodies will then be able to be lifted by the hollow plate 41. It will be seen that the pistons 46 have a central rib 61 to form a groove on the upper edge of the molded bodies.

Process for the production of an insulating element according to Patent No. 139,040, characterized in that a hydraulic binder such as gypsum which is well expanding during curing is used as a putty. 143909

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grains are compressed so much in the mold that there is just so much space left for the binder that, by its application, which may possibly occur under pressure, that the grain layer can be penetrated to form the space network.

Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in order to ensure an even uniformity of cell wall thickness, well-mixed, expanded polystyrene spheres of two size fractions of respectively 8 space percentages of 8-15 mm diameter and 34 space percent are used. with a diameter of 3-1 / 2 mm.

Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the grains are shaken, e.g. by a brief vibration, in the mold, before pouring the putty between the 15 grains.

Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the net is mounted clamped in a rigid frame which is fixed to the mold and maintains this pressure against the grains during the casting, which net is removed with its frame during the curing.

Also, bottom strips 62 are provided on the hole plate 41 to form a ferrule on the bottom edge of the cast elements, and the edge surfaces not shown may also have grooves or ferrules. It should be added that the external forces acting on the plates 56 and 57, instead of being pneumatic, may be of a hydraulic, electromagnetic or mechanical nature. The bottom 63 of the vessel 47 has along each side edge a projection 64 for receiving the sealing strips 43, whereby the vessel can be completely emptied of putty. In order to increase the adhesion of the grains to the pulp in the cured plate, the grains may be pre-treated with a primer such as silicone anhydride. The plaster should be of the kind that is well expanding during curing. Other well-expanding hydraulic binder agents such as putty or primer such as cement, polyvinylacetate adhesive, dextrin or Y-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane can be used. Claims.

Process according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that a layer of a water vapor and moisture impervious layer, such as an asphalt mat or a plastic or aluminum = 25 min. a polyurethane plate either in one side of the mold or in the middle of the mold.

Process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the grains are compressed 3-15% of their total volume prior to the kit mass addition.

Process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the content of the mold after the introduction of the pulp is reduced from 3 to 15 per cent, e.g. by moving a piston placed in the bottom of the mold.

Method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the grains are pre-compressed in the mold in excess of 15% by volume.

Process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that in the mold after the introduction of the grains, a vacuum is produced, after which the pulp is fed through a valve.

Method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the putty mass is supplied under pressure from the bottom of the mold during increasing casting.

Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the mold which. is rectangular, held with a corner 15 downwards and with the side edges inclined about 45 ° with a horizontal plane, whereupon the mold is filled with putty from the lower part of the mold cavity.

Method according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the shape of a flat element - after being filled with putty and standing upright - so once curing has begun, turn to horizontal position.

Method according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11. 12 or 13, characterized in that the mold for a flat element after being held in a horizontal position during the casting, as soon as the curing is to begin, turn around completely.

Method according to claim 11, characterized in that after the grains in the pre-expanded state 30 are filled in the mold and optionally shaken or crushed,