DK143397B - METHOD AND BIOLOGICAL FILTER FOR WASTE TREATMENT - Google Patents
METHOD AND BIOLOGICAL FILTER FOR WASTE TREATMENT Download PDFInfo
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- DK143397B DK143397B DK492472AA DK492472A DK143397B DK 143397 B DK143397 B DK 143397B DK 492472A A DK492472A A DK 492472AA DK 492472 A DK492472 A DK 492472A DK 143397 B DK143397 B DK 143397B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/06—Aerobic processes using submerged filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Description
/æb (is) DANMARK Hfg/ æb (ice) DENMARK Hfg
6 a« FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT ου 143397 B6 a «PRESENTATION WRITING ου 143397 B
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM
(21) Ansøgning nr. 4924/72 (51) f^ci.3 C 02 F 3/06 (22) Indleveringsdag 5· okt. 1972 (24) Løbedag 5· okt. 1972 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 27· maj 1973 (44) Fremlagt 17· aug. 1981 (86) International ansøgning nr. ~ (86) International indleveringsdag -(85) Videreførelsesdag “ (62) Stamansøgning nr. -(21) Application No. 4924/72 (51) f ^ ci.3 C 02 F 3/06 (22) Filing day 5 · Oct. 1972 (24) Race day 5 · Oct. 1972 (41) Aim. available 27 · May 1973 (44) Submitted 17 · Aug. 1981 (86) International Application No. ~ (86) International Filing Day - (85) Continuation Day "(62) Master Application No. -
(30) Prioritet 26. nov. 1971, 202489, US(30) Priority 26 Nov. 1971, 202489, US
(71) Ansøger ECODYNE CORPORATION, Chicago, US.(71) Applicant ECODYNE CORPORATION, Chicago, US.
(72) Opfinder Carl E. Burkhead, US.(72) Inventor Carl E. Burkhead, US.
(74) Fuldmægtig Firmaet Chas. Hude.(74) Associate Company Chas. Hude.
(54) Fremgangsmåde og biologisk filter til behandling af spildevand.(54) Process and biological filter for the treatment of wastewater.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår behandling af spildevand indeholdende spildprodukter, og mere specielt angår opfindelsen en fremgangsmåde, hvori der anvendes aerobisk mikrobiel vækst af fast-Q holdte substrater til biologisk oxidering af spildprodukter og af ^ den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne art, samt et biologisk fil- 0 ter til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden.The present invention relates to treatment of wastewater containing waste products, and more particularly to the invention a method utilizing aerobic microbial growth of solid-Q substrates for the biological oxidation of waste products and of the species set forth in the preamble of claim 1, as well as a biological filters to perform the procedure.
0 t0 h
Der kendes et stort antal fremgangsmåder og anlaeg til at behandle £ spildevand indeholdende biologisk nedbrydelige spildprodukter for 3 at få klaret og ufarligt spildevand, der kan returneres til natu ren. Den opmærksomhed, der i de sidste år har været rettet mod forværringen af vor økologi, har prioriteret udviklingen af bedre 2 143397 systemer til affaldsbehandling end de, der tidligere var kendt.A large number of methods and plants are known for treating wastewater containing biodegradable wastewater to obtain clear and harmless wastewater that can be returned to nature. The attention that has been directed towards the deterioration of our ecology in recent years has given priority to the development of better waste treatment systems than those previously known.
Fundamentalt er biologisk spildevandsbehandling en proces, hvori mikroorganismer ved stofskifte bearbejder spildprodukter og frembringer luftformige og opløselige molekylære slutprodukter og desuden bakterieceller. Processens hastighed og effektivitet støttes ved at øge antallet af bakterielle celler eller den rådige vækst til at udføre stofskiftet. Organismernes koncentration og bevarelse i systemet opnås ved kendte anlæg ved hjælp af flere fysiske eller biologiske fremgangsmåder, der omfatter flokkulering, bundfældning og tilvejebringelse af store overfladearealer til bakteriel vækst.Fundamentally, biological wastewater treatment is a process in which, during metabolism, microorganisms process waste products and produce gaseous and soluble molecular end products and, moreover, bacterial cells. The speed and efficiency of the process is supported by increasing the number of bacterial cells or the available growth to perform the metabolism. The concentration and preservation of organisms in the system is achieved by known plants by several physical or biological methods which include flocculation, settling and providing large surface areas for bacterial growth.
To kendte fremgangsmåder til behandling af bionedbrydelige spildprodukter sker ved et system med aktiveret slam eller ved sandfil-terprocessen. I et aktiveret slamsystem bringes organismerne i berøring med spildmaterialet ved at blande spildevand med slam, d.v.s. en faststofkoncentration med organismefnug til at danne væskeblandingen og derpå underkaste blandingen kraftig omrøring, medens der indføres store volumenmængder atmosfærisk luft. I sandfiltersystemer er de biologiske organismer ikke til stede eller neddykket i et vandigt substrat, men forefindes som blottet vækst på overfladen af passende grundobjekter i berøring med atmosfæren, og reaktionen frembringes ved, at affaldsmaterialet strømmer i relativt tynde strømme i direkte berøring med det biologiske slam.Two known methods for treating biodegradable waste products are by an activated sludge system or by the sand filter process. In an activated sludge system, the organisms are brought into contact with the waste material by mixing wastewater with sludge, i.e. a solid concentration of organism fluff to form the liquid mixture and then subject to vigorous stirring while introducing large volumes of atmospheric air. In sand filter systems, the biological organisms are not present or submerged in an aqueous substrate, but are present as bare growth on the surface of suitable ground objects in contact with the atmosphere, and the reaction is produced by the waste material flowing in relatively thin streams in direct contact with the biological sludge. .
Fra beskrivelsen til USA patent 3.293.174 kendes et sådant system, der arbejder efter sandfiltermetoden. Det omfatter et organ til at bære et leje af et langsomt passerbart filtersubstrat, hvilket substrat indbefatter en masse af tilfældigt anbragte, adskilte stykker af opskummet inaktivt polymert materiale og et organ til at sprinkle en væske og en luftart hen over lejet, således at det kan glide igennem dette. Ved den anviste udførelsesform er der kun anvist et enkelt gennemløb gennem substratsøjlen, og der er ikke anvist midler til at recirkulere spildevandet gennem substratsøjlen. For at få en tilstrækkelig klaret og renset væske vil det være nødvendigt at lade spildevandet passere et antal sådanne rensningsenheder.From the specification of United States Patent 3,293,174 such a system is known which works by the sand filter method. It comprises a means for carrying a bed of a slowly passable filter substrate, which includes a mass of randomly spaced apart pieces of foamed inactive polymeric material and a means for sprinkling a liquid and a gaseous substance over the bed so that it can slip through this. In the disclosed embodiment, only a single pass through the substrate column has been disclosed and no means have been provided to recycle the wastewater through the substrate column. In order to obtain a sufficiently clarified and purified liquid, it will be necessary to allow the waste water to pass through a number of such purification units.
Der kendes også kombinerede eller hybride systemer, hvori der anvendes både aktiveret slam og sandfilter. I et eksempel anvendes 19 o o n r* h o O Li / lodret orienterede flade asbestbindeplader som berøringsflader for aerobiologiske kulturer. Luft blæses ind under pladerne gennem åbninger i et bundgitter for at tilføre det krævede oxygen. Et lignende system kendes fra beskrivelsen til USA patent nr. 3.371.033, ifølge hvilket en række i spiral eller parallelt apbragte rækker af trådagtlgt materiale danner et antal i det væsentlige lodrette strømbaner, og hvor strømmen langs de enkelte plader er isolerede fra alle de andre strømme, hvorved en grundig og homogen blanding af spildevandet forhindres. Dette patent viser også med indbyrdes afstand anbragte kontaktzoner inden for det samme hus, og hvor vand trækkes ud i en zone, der ligger mellem de to kontaktzoner for recirkulering til den nedre zone. Sedimenteringszonen er så tæt ved recirkulationsstrømbanen, at det synes, som om sedimenteret bundfald ville blive recirkuleret.Combined or hybrid systems are also known in which both activated sludge and sand filter are used. In one example, 19 o o n r * h o O Li / vertically oriented flat asbestos bonding plates are used as touch surfaces for aerobiological cultures. Air is blown under the plates through openings in a bottom grid to supply the required oxygen. A similar system is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,371,033, according to which a series of coiled or parallel-mounted rows of thread-like material form a plurality of substantially vertical flow paths, and the current along the individual plates is isolated from all the others. streams, thereby preventing a thorough and homogeneous mixture of wastewater. This patent also shows spaced contact zones within the same housing and where water is drawn into a zone located between the two contact zones for recycling to the lower zone. The sedimentation zone is so close to the recirculation flow path that it seems as if sedimented sediment would be recirculated.
Det er den foreliggende opfindelses formål at anvise en fremgangsmåde til behandling af bionedbrydelige spildprodukter, som er mere økonomisk end de tidligere kendte, og som frembringer en bedre kvalitet af renset spildevand.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of treating biodegradable waste products which is more economical than the prior art and which produces a better quality of purified wastewater.
Dette formål tilgodeses ved, at den indledningsvis omtalte fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 1 anførte. Ved hjælp af den homogene blanding af spildevandet hen over og igennem hele blandingszonens volumen, og ved at strømmen hele tiden splittes op og gensamles ved hjælp af de mange individuelle fastholdte substratelementer ned gennem blandingszonens søjler, opnås et stort overfladeareal, hvorved spildevandet kommer i berøring med hele den aerobisk mikrobielle vækst på substratet, ligesom der sikres en enkel slamafsugning og bortledning af renset spildevand fra siden af huset og en effektiv og enkel gentagen recirkulation samt ved i bassinet under søjlen af fastholdt substrat at tilvejebringe en sedimenteringszone til at optage og opsamle fast stof fra blandingszonen sikres en enkel mulighed for optagelse af udskilt fast stof.This object is met by the fact that the method mentioned in the preamble is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1. By means of the homogeneous mixing of the wastewater over and throughout the volume of the mixing zone, and by constantly dividing and collecting the stream by means of the many individual retained substrate elements down through the columns of the mixing zone, a large surface area is obtained, whereby the waste water comes into contact with the all the aerobic microbial growth on the substrate, as well as ensuring a simple sludge extraction and drainage of purified wastewater from the side of the house and an efficient and simple repeated recirculation as well as by providing in the basin under the column of retained substrate a settling zone to absorb and collect solid From the mixing zone, a simple opportunity for the absorption of separated solid is ensured.
Det i den kendetegnende del af krav 2 anførte sikrer, at restfaststoffet ikke igen opslæmmes af den recirkulerende væske. En enkel måde til at fjerne bundfældet fast stof er angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 3.The characterizing part of claim 2 ensures that the residual solid is not resuspended by the recirculating liquid. A simple way of removing the precipitated solid is given in the characterizing part of claim 3.
4 U33974 U3397
Ved hjælp af det i den kendetegnende del af krav 4 anførte sikres, at såvel oxidering som en jævn spredning af det oxiderede spildevand kun kræver et meget begrænset rumfang.With the aid of the characterizing part of claim 4, it is ensured that both oxidation and even distribution of the oxidized wastewater only require a very limited volume.
Til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge ovennævnte krav anvises i krav 5 et hensigtsmæssigt biologisk filter til rensning af spildevand, hvilket anlæg er meget enkelt udformet og samtidig er rumbesparende og dermed prisbilligt at fremstille og enkelt at vedligeholde.In order to carry out the process according to the above claim, in claim 5, an appropriate biological filter for purifying wastewater is provided, which plant is very simple in design and at the same time is space-saving and thus inexpensive to manufacture and easy to maintain.
Ved hjælp af det i den kendetegnende del af krav 6 anførte opnår man, at der på enkel måde dannes et sedimenteringsbassin i huset, hvor sedimenteringen takket være bassinets tilspidsede form i det væsentlige kan ske i en zone uden for spildevandets strømningsvej.By means of the characterizing part of claim 6, it is obtained that a sedimentation basin is formed in the housing in a simple manner, whereby the sedimentation, thanks to the tapered shape of the basin, can essentially take place in a zone outside the flow path of the waste water.
Den i den kendetegnende del af krav 7 anviste overfladeomrører er et enkelt og prisbilligt organ til sikring af oxideringen og spredningen hen over blandingszonens top.The surface stirrer disclosed in the characterizing portion of claim 7 is a simple and inexpensive means for securing the oxidation and dispersion across the top of the mixing zone.
Ved at udforme udløbet som angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 8 sikrer man, at det udstrømmende vand, der passerer overfaldet, er rent og stabilt og med en kvalitet, så det kan føres til et vandløb eller til jorden gennem en ledning.By designing the outlet as set forth in the characterizing portion of claim 8, it is ensured that the effluent passing through the overflow is clean and stable and of a quality so that it can be fed to a stream or to the ground through a conduit.
Ved fremgangsmåden og filteret ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er slamalderen, d.v.s. længden af den tid, faststoffet forbliver på substratet, før det løsnes, meget længere end i et normalt aktiveret slamsystem. Det er muligt at nærme sig den teoretiske oxideringsgrænse ved hjælp af fremgangsmåden og filteret ifølge opfindelsen. Det har også vist sig, at anlægget har udmærket kapacitet med hensyn til absorption ved pludselige belastninger.In the method and filter of the present invention, the sludge age, i.e. the length of time the solid remains on the substrate before being released is much longer than in a normally activated sludge system. It is possible to approach the theoretical oxidation limit by the method and filter according to the invention. It has also been found that the plant has excellent absorption capacity at sudden loads.
Fremgangsmåden og det biologiske filter ifølge opfindelsen forklares nærmere neden for på grundlag af tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser skematisk et snit gennem et reaktoranlæg i overensstemmelse med den foreliggende opfindelse og fig. 2 viser set fra oven anlægget ifølge fig. 1 I fig. 1 ses et biologisk filter 10 med et ydre hus 12, der er 5 143397 fremstillet af metalplader eller tilsvarende materialer og har en korrosionsbestandig indre overflade. I den viste udførelsesform er huset 12 udført som en cylinder, men andre former kan anvendes ved den foreliggende opfindelse. En indløbsledning 14 fører ind i huset 12 tæt ved husets øvre ende.The method and the biological filter according to the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a reactor system in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the system of FIG. 1 In FIG. 1 shows a biological filter 10 with an outer housing 12 which is made of metal sheets or similar materials and has a corrosion resistant inner surface. In the embodiment shown, the housing 12 is designed as a cylinder, but other forms can be used in the present invention. An inlet conduit 14 leads into the housing 12 near the upper end of the housing.
Ilusholdnings- eller industrielt spildevand indeholdende biologisk nedbrydelige affaldsprodukter, føres ind i filteret 10 gennem indløbet 14. Affaldsprodukterne kan foreligge i rå form eller kan alternativt tidligere være behandlet, såsom ved grov sigtning, findeling, fjernelse af grove sandkorn og/eller bundfældning.Slurry or industrial wastewater containing biodegradable waste products is introduced into filter 10 through inlet 14. The waste products may be in raw form or may have previously been treated, such as by coarse screening, comminution, removal of coarse sand grains and / or precipitation.
Huset har en udløbsledning 16 til bortledning af udstrømmende spildevand efter behandling og klaring i filteret 10. Et reguleringsoverfald og en spildevandsboks 18 er - set i strømretningen - anbragt efter udløbet 16. Det udstrømmende vand, der passerer overfaldet 18, er rent og stabilt og med en kvalitet, så det kan føres til et vandløb eller til jorden gennem en ledning 20.The housing has an outlet conduit 16 for discharging effluent after treatment and clearance in the filter 10. A control overflow and a waste water box 18 are - seen in the flow direction - arranged after the outlet 16. The effluent passing through the overflow 18 is clean and stable and with a quality so that it can be passed to a stream or to the ground through a conduit 20.
Huset 12 har en blandingszone med en top 22 lidt under indløbet 14 og en bund 24 forneden i huset 12. Blandingszonens bund 24 er i den viste udførelsesform en perforeret metalbundplade i huset 12. Bundpladen af metal kan være formet ud fra en kendt, valset metalrist, et tilsvarende gitter eller et tilsvarende materiale.The housing 12 has a mixing zone with a top 22 slightly below the inlet 14 and a bottom 24 at the bottom of the housing 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom 24 of the mixing zone is a perforated metal base plate in the housing 12. The metal base plate may be formed from a known, rolled metal grate. , a corresponding lattice or material.
Bortset fra en nedenfor omtalt central strømningskanal 26 er hele blandingszonens volumen mellem toppen 22 og bunden 24 optaget af et fastholdt substratmateriale 28. Det fastholdte substrat 28 kan bestå af mange forskellige materialer med et stort overfladeareal i forhold til rumfanget, lav modstand mod væskestrømning, d.v.s. have en stor porøsitet og en overflade, der er modtagelig for aerobisk mikrobiel vækst. Egnet er f.eks. en stablet sammenpakning af plast, der består af polypropylen "Flexirings". Ved en laboratorieprøvemodel af anlægget ifølge opfindelsen anvendtes "Flexirings" med enExcept for a central flow channel 26 discussed below, the entire mixing zone volume between the top 22 and the bottom 24 is occupied by a retained substrate material 28. The retained substrate 28 may consist of many different materials with a large surface area relative to the volume, low resistance to liquid flow, i.e. have a high porosity and a surface susceptible to aerobic microbial growth. Suitable for example. a stacked plastic package consisting of polypropylene "Flexirings". In a laboratory test model of the system according to the invention, "Flexirings" were used with one
OISLAND
nominel størrelse på ca. 16 mm og med et overfladeareal på ca. 9 m pr. 0,03 m . I en prototype for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, hvor blandingszonen havde et volumen på 1,56 m , udnyttedes 89 mm 2 *7 "Flexirings" med et overfladeareal på 2,6 m pr. 0,05 nr effektivt.nominal size of approx. 16 mm and with a surface area of approx. 9 m per 0.03 m. In a prototype of the apparatus according to the invention, where the mixing zone had a volume of 1.56 m, 89 mm 2 * 7 "Flexirings" with a surface area of 2.6 m per m 2 were used. 0.05 no effective.
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Fagfolk vil se, at andre arter pakningssubstrater såsom Raschig og Pali ringe og pakninger af sadeltypen (f.eks. Berl) kan anvendes, uden at man kommer uden for denne opfindelses rammer. Det fastholdte substrat 28 kan også være sammensat af andre materialer end plast, når blot disse materialer er ugiftige for mikroberne og i øvrigt er modtagelige for aerobisk mikrobiel vækst på overfladen.Those skilled in the art will see that other species of packing substrates such as Raschig and Pali rings and saddle-type gaskets (e.g., Berl) can be used without departing from the scope of this invention. The retained substrate 28 may also be composed of materials other than plastics, provided that these materials are non-toxic to the microbes and are otherwise susceptible to aerobic microbial growth on the surface.
Åbningerne i blandingszonens perforerede bund 24 må selvfølgelig ikke være så store, at de lader de enkelte elementer af substratet 28 passere, men de bør være så store som muligt i forhold til denne begrænsning.The openings in the perforated bottom 24 of the mixing zone may, of course, not be so large as to allow the individual elements of the substrate 28 to pass, but they should be as large as possible in relation to this limitation.
Som omtalt optager en strømningskanal 26 blandingszonens midterområde og forløber mellem dennes top 22 og bund 24. Strømningskanalen 26, der kan være en cylinderformet ledning, udgør dele af en recirkulationsstrømningsvej, som indbefatter det fastholdte substrat 28 i blandingszonen. Som vist er strømningskanalen 26 hensigtsmæssigt placeret langs huset 12*s midterakse, skønt kanalen kan være placeret i andre områder i eller uden for huset 12.As mentioned, a flow channel 26 occupies the median region of the mixing zone and extends between its top 22 and bottom 24. The flow channel 26, which may be a cylindrical conduit, forms parts of a recirculation flow path which includes the retained substrate 28 in the mixing zone. As shown, the flow channel 26 is conveniently located along the center axis of the housing 12 *, although the channel may be located in other areas inside or outside the housing 12.
Ifølge nærværende opfindelse er det fastholdte substrat 28 i blandingszonen neddykket i det spildevand, der strømmer ind i systemet gennem indløbet 14. Biologisk oxidering af de organiske affaldsprodukter i spildevandet sker ved kontinuerlig cirkulation af spildevandet gennem substratet og ved kontinuerlig lufttilførsel til spildevandet på en sådan måde, at en meget aktiv aerobisk mikrobiel vækst på det fastholdte substrat 28 i hele blandingszonens volumen fremmes. Det er et vigtigt aspekt ved denne opfindelse, at den bakterielle vækst hænger ved det fastholdte substrat, og at mængden af flokku-lente eller suspenderede aerobisk bakterielle kulturer reduceres til et minimum. Med andre ord må man undgå overdreven omrøring eller turbulens i blandingszonen, hvilket kan forårsage, at bakteriel vækst afrives eller brækkes af det fastholdte substrat 28.According to the present invention, the retained substrate 28 in the mixing zone is immersed in the effluent flowing into the system through the inlet 14. Biological oxidation of the organic waste products in the effluent is effected by continuous circulation of the effluent through the substrate and by continuous air supply to the effluent in such manner. that a very active aerobic microbial growth on the retained substrate 28 throughout the volume of the mixing zone is promoted. It is an important aspect of this invention that bacterial growth adheres to the retained substrate and that the amount of flocculent or suspended aerobic bacterial cultures is reduced to a minimum. In other words, excessive stirring or turbulence in the mixing zone must be avoided, which may cause bacterial growth to be stripped or broken by the retained substrate 28.
Det er også vigtigt at opnå effektiv udnyttelse af hele det fastholdte substrat 28’s volumen, og derfor må cirkulationssystemet være udformet til at fremme homogen blanding og til at udelukke rum uden cirkulation eller døde lommer i blandingszonen 28.It is also important to achieve effective utilization of the entire volume of the retained substrate 28, and therefore the circulation system must be designed to promote homogeneous mixing and to exclude spaces without circulation or dead pockets in the mixing zone 28.
Ifølge denne opfindelse hænger det suspenderede faststof i affalds- 7 143337 vandet selv ved slam på det fastholdte substrat 28. Faststoffet forbliver på substratet, indtil det løsnes som inaktivt restfaststof, idet man derved giver en lang tidsperiode for mikroberne til at oxidere og stabilisere de organiske stoffer. Ved nærværende filter og fremgangsmåde er slamalderen, d.v.s. længden af den tid, faststoffet forbliver på substratet, før det løsnes, meget længere end i et normalt aktiveret slamsystem. Det er muligt at nærme sig den teoretiske oxideringsgrænse ved hjælp af fremgangsmåden og anlægget ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse. Det har også vist sig, at filteret har en udmærket kapacitet med hensyn til absorbering af pludselige belastninger.According to this invention, the suspended solid is suspended in the waste water even by sludge on the retained substrate 28. The solid remains on the substrate until it is released as inactive residual solid, thereby providing a long period of time for the microbes to oxidize and stabilize the organic matter. substances. In the present filter and method, the sludge age, i.e. the length of time the solid remains on the substrate before being released is much longer than in a normally activated sludge system. It is possible to approach the theoretical oxidation limit by the method and plant of the present invention. It has also been found that the filter has an excellent capacity for absorbing sudden loads.
Det har vist sig, at beluftnings-, fordelings- og cirkulationsfunktionerne kan fuldføres på en meget effektiv og tilfredsstillende måde ved hjælp af et mekanisk overfladeluftningsorgan JO, der er installeret ved den centrale strømningskanal 26»s top. Et sådant luftningsorgan trækker spildevandet opad gennem strømningskanalen 26 og belufter den hævede væske ved hjælp af roterende skovlblade, som bryder spildevandet op i små partikler, samtidig med at spildevandet kastes radialt udad med et i hovedsagen ensformet fordelincrs-mønster over blandingszonens top 22.It has been found that the aeration, distribution and circulation functions can be completed in a very efficient and satisfactory manner by means of a mechanical surface aeration means JO installed at the top of the central flow channel 26 ». Such an aerator draws the wastewater upwardly through the flow channel 26 and aerates the raised fluid by means of rotating vane blades which break the wastewater into small particles while simultaneously discharging the wastewater radially outwardly with a generally uniformly shaped pattern over the top 22 of the mixing zone.
Den mekaniske overfladeluftning frembragt af luftningsorganet 30 frembringer mindre forskydningskræfter og omrøring i blandingszonens volumen end andre tekniske midler, såsom diffus oxidering.The mechanical surface aeration produced by the aerator 30 produces less shear forces and agitation in the volume of the mixing zone than other technical means such as diffuse oxidation.
Det ses, at anden beluftningsteknik eller andre beluftnings-enheder kan anvendes i stedet for luftningsorganet 30, uden at man kommer uden for den foreliggende opfindelses rammer, når blot de tidligere nævnte kriterier er til stede. F. eks. kan et luftrør placeret centralt i strømningskanalen 26 og med åbningen vendende nedad ved et punkt et sted i kanalen 26 benyttes. Ved dette arrangement er der anbragt en afbøjningsskærm ved kanalen 26*s top på stedet for luftningsorganet 30 for derved at afbøje spildevands-strømningen, der forskydes opad ved hjælp af den luft, der udskilles fra det centrale rør.It will be appreciated that other aeration techniques or other aeration units may be used in place of the aerator 30 without departing from the scope of the present invention, provided that the aforementioned criteria are present. For example, an trachea located centrally in the flow duct 26 and with the opening facing downward at a point somewhere in the duct 26 may be used. In this arrangement, a deflection shield is arranged at the top of the duct 26 * at the site of the vent means 30, thereby deflecting the waste water flow which is displaced upward by the air which is separated from the central pipe.
Ved den viste udformning drives luftningsorganet 30's roterende skovlblade 30 ved hjælp af en motorenhed 32, der hviler på en bro 35, som er fastgjort til modstående sidevægge i huset 12. Motor- 8 143397 enheden 32 og luftningsorganet 30’s roterende skovlblade er forbundne ved hjælp af en drivaksel 34.In the embodiment shown, the rotating vane blades 30 of the aerator 30 are driven by a motor unit 32 which rests on a bridge 35 which is attached to opposite side walls of the housing 12. The motor unit 32 and the rotary vane blades 30 of the aerator 30 are connected by means of a drive shaft 34.
Almindeligvis er luftningsorganet 30's rotordel monteret ved spildevandets overflade og således, at skovlbladene delvis er neddykket. For at undgå mulige kollisioner med substratet 28 kan et groft holdenet anbringes ved blandingszonens top. Yderligere foretrækkes det, at substratet 28 har en massefylde, der mindst er lidt større end vands massefylde for derved at at reducere risikoen for, at substratet skal komme i berøring med skovlbladene,til et minimum.Generally, the rotor portion of the vent means 30 is mounted at the surface of the wastewater and so that the vane blades are partially submerged. To avoid possible collisions with the substrate 28, a coarse holding mesh can be placed at the top of the mixing zone. Furthermore, it is preferred that the substrate 28 has a density that is at least slightly greater than the water density, thereby minimizing the risk of the substrate coming into contact with the blade blades.
Ved en foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen er der yderligere inde i huset 12 tilvejebragt en bundfældningszone. Denne bundfældningszone er anbragt tinder det perforerede gulv, der udgør blandingszonens bund 24. Et konisk bundfældningsbassin 38 lukker huset 12’s bund. Det koniske bassin 38’s sidevægge danner en vinkel på ca. 60° med keglens lodrette akse, hvorved det sikres, at det udskilte materiale strømmer hen imod keglens toppunkt. Et slamafløbsrør 40 fører fra bassinet 38’s nedadvendende keglespids. En ventil 42 er indskudt i røret 40 og åbnes periodisk for derved at fjerne det opsamlede bundfald. Almindeligvis foreligger bundfaldet som i hovedsagen inaktivt restfaststof, som er udfældet fra blandingszonen. Det udtrukne bundfald recirkuleres ikke under processen, men fjernes på en vilkårlig enkel og kendt måde.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a settling zone is further provided within the housing 12. This settling zone is disposed at the perforated floor forming the bottom zone of the mixing zone 24. A tapered settling pool 38 closes the bottom of the housing 12. The conical basin 38's sidewalls form an angle of approx. 60 ° with the vertical axis of the cone, ensuring that the separated material flows towards the cone's apex. A sludge drain 40 leads from the downwardly cone tip of the basin 38. A valve 42 is inserted into the tube 40 and is opened periodically to remove the collected sediment. Generally, the precipitate is present as essentially inert residual solid which is precipitated from the mixing zone. The extracted precipitate is not recycled during the process, but is removed in any simple and known manner.
Den nedre ende af strømningskanalen 26 hviler på blandingszonens perforerede bund 24. Bassinet 38's spids er anbragt tilstrækkelig langt under bunden 24 til, at det recirkulerende spildevand ikke spuler bassinets bund og returnerer bundfaldet til systemet. I denne forbindelse drives systemet ved,at man opretholder en lang tilbageholdelsesperiode på det fastholdte substrat 28. Faststof, der føres ind gennem indløbet 24, fjernes sammen med de opløselige forureningsstoffer ved hjælp af mikroorganismerne, der vokser på det fastholdte substrat 28. Periodisk frigøres faststof fra det fastholdte substrat 28 for derpå at afsættes i bundfældningsbassinet 38. De behandlede faststoffer - både de ikke bionedbrydelige og de mikrobielle - har bedre aflejringsegenskaber end det indstrømmende faststof på grund af deres større størrelse og massefylde, hvilket er et direkte resultat af den lange mikrobielle tilbageholdelsesperiode, der tilvejebringes ved hjælp af det fastholdte substrat 28.The lower end of the flow channel 26 rests on the perforated bottom of the mixing zone 24. The tip of the basin 38 is positioned far enough below the bottom 24 that the recirculating effluent does not flush the bottom of the basin and return the precipitate to the system. In this connection, the system is operated by maintaining a long retention period on the retained substrate 28. Solids introduced through the inlet 24 are removed together with the soluble contaminants by the microorganisms growing on the retained substrate 28. The solid is periodically released from the retained substrate 28 to be deposited in the settling basin 38. The treated solids - both the non-biodegradable and the microbial - have better deposition properties than the influent solid due to their larger size and density, which is a direct result of the long microbial retention period provided by the retained substrate 28.
_ 143397 y_ 143397 y
En laboratorieundersøgelse af fremgangsmåden og anlægget ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse blev udført under anvendelse af en model 40-100 "VIRTIS" gærings-vækker med konstant temperatur som reaktorenhed. Reaktoren blev drevet ved omgivelsens temperatur, der lå i området fra 21°C til 27°C. Filterets kapacitet var 10,5 liter uden det fastholdte substrat 28, røret 26, den perforerede bund 24 og andre neddykkede komponenter. Filterets kapacitet med hensyn til effektiv væske til tilbageholdelse med de neddykkede komponenter var 9,0 liter. Indstrømningen var for en speciel beluftningstid baseret på reaktorens effektive tilbageholdelseskapacitet, d.v.s. 9,0 liter.A laboratory study of the method and plant of the present invention was performed using a model 40-100 "VIRTIS" constant temperature fermentation wakes as a reactor unit. The reactor was operated at ambient temperature ranging from 21 ° C to 27 ° C. The capacity of the filter was 10.5 liters without the retained substrate 28, the tube 26, the perforated bottom 24, and other submerged components. The filter capacity for effective liquid retention with the submerged components was 9.0 liters. The inflow was for a special aeration time based on the effective holding capacity of the reactor, i.e. 9.0 liters.
Det fastholdte substrat 28 anvendt i laboratoriemodellen var de ovenfor omtalte polypropylen "Flexirings". Der blev i alt anvendt 1500 enheder "Flexirings" med laboratoriestørrelse, d.v.s. nominel størrelse på 15,9 mm. Gennemsnitsvægten for det tørre substrat blev målt til 0,5060 g. Volumenet, som blev optaget af de 1500 enheder, var ca. 900 ml. Det beskrevne substrat er inaktivt, bøjer ikke ud under normal belastning og kan maksimalt udsættes for en temperatur på 127°C uden nogen skadelig virkning. De 15,9 mm store substratstykker gav et overfladeareal på 9,2 m pr. 0,03 nr. Det omtalte substrat er i og for sig kendt og har tidligere været anvendt ved nedrislingsfilteranlæg.The retained substrate 28 used in the laboratory model was the polypropylene "Flexirings" mentioned above. A total of 1500 units of laboratory size "Flexirings" were used, i.e. nominal size of 15.9 mm. The average weight of the dry substrate was measured at 0.5060 g. The volume occupied by the 1500 units was approx. 900 ml. The substrate described is inactive, does not bend under normal load and can be subjected to a maximum temperature of 127 ° C without any detrimental effect. The 15.9 mm substrate pieces yielded a surface area of 9.2 m. 0.03 No. The substrate referred to is known per se and has previously been used in drainage filter systems.
Under undersøgelserne blev mekanisk behandlet kloakvand fra et lille kommunalt sedimenteringsanlæg pumpet til modelfilterenheden ved hjælp af en model RRp pumpe fremstillet af Fluid Metering, Inc.. For at vedligeholde ens pumpehastighed var et kendt apparat til at vedligeholde konstant trykhøjde indskudt mellem fødetanken og tilgangsåbningen på pumpen. Spildevandet blev pumpet til det biologiske filter kontinuerligt og med en fastlagt hastighed for derved at tilvejebringe den ønskede beluftningstid. Fuldstændig blanding og beluftning blev frembragt ved hjælp af magnetisk drevne flade turbine skovlblade, der var anbragt i den centrale strømningskanal 26.During the studies, mechanically treated sewage water from a small municipal sedimentation plant was pumped to the model filter unit using a model RRp pump manufactured by Fluid Metering, Inc. To maintain one's pump speed, a known apparatus for maintaining constant pressure height was inserted between the feed tank and the inlet port of the pump. . The wastewater was pumped to the biological filter continuously and at a predetermined rate, thereby providing the desired aeration time. Complete mixing and aeration were provided by magnetically driven flat turbine vanes located in the central flow channel 26.
Først blev filterenheden drevet med en 12 timers beluftningsperiode i 127 dage. Studier blev udført i 26 efterfølgende dage med 6 timers beluftning. Under tilbageholdelsestiden på 12 timer blev gennemsnittet for det totale kemiske oxygenbehov (OCX)) for det tilstrømmende spildevand fundet at være 202 mg pr. liter, og COD for opløsning i tilstrømningen blev fundet at være 111 mg pr. liter. Det gennemsnitlige totale COD i udløbsspildevandet blev fundet at være 10 143397 51 mg pr. liter. Det totale COD og opløselige COD i afgangsspildevandet var i det væsentlige det samme på grund af den meget ringe mængde suspenderet faststof i udløbsvandet.First, the filter unit was operated with a 12 hour aeration period for 127 days. Studies were performed for 26 consecutive days with 6 hours of aeration. During the retention time of 12 hours, the average chemical oxygen demand (OCX) for the effluent effluent was found to be 202 mg / ml. and the COD of solution in the inflow was found to be 111 mg per liter. liter. The average total COD in the effluent effluent was found to be 10 mg. liter. The total COD and soluble COD in the effluent effluent were essentially the same due to the very small amount of suspended solids in the effluent.
Under tilbageholdelsesperioden på 6 timer var gennemsnittet for det totale COD i materialet, som tilførtes, 508 mg pr. liter, og gennemsnittet for COD for det opløselige var 240 mg pr. liter. Gennemsnittet for det totale COD i udløbsvandet var 50 mg pr. liter.During the 6-hour retention period, the average COD of the material supplied was 508 mg / ml. and the average COD of the soluble was 240 mg per liter. liter. The average COD in the effluent was 50 mg per day. liter.
Mere begrænsede studier blev gennemført med hensyn til det biologiske oxygenbehov (BOD). Under analyseperioden var gennemsnittet af det totale BOD i det tilførte materiale 98 mg pr. liter, og BOD for opløsning var gennemsnitlig 55 mg pr. liter. Med tilbageholdelsesperioden på 6 timer var gennemsnittet for BOD i det tilførte materiale 174 mg pr. liter, medens det gennemsnitlige BOD for opløsningen var omkring 88 mg pr. liter.More limited studies were conducted on the biological oxygen demand (BOD). During the analysis period, the average of the total BOD in the feed material was 98 mg per ml. and the BOD of solution averaged 55 mg per liter. liter. With the retention period of 6 hours, the average of BOD in the feed material was 174 mg per day. while the average BOD of the solution was about 88 mg per liter. liter.
Med tilbageholdelsesperioden på 12 timer varierede det suspenderede faststof i tilgangsvandet mellem 10 og 157 mg pr, liter med et gennemsnit på 65 mg pr. liter. Mængden af suspenderet faststof i udløbsvandet lå sædvanligvis mellem 0 og 5 mg pr. liter med et gennemsnit på 5 mg pr. liter. Omkring 80% af hele det suspenderede faststof var flygtigt. Med tilbageholdelsesperioden på 6 timer var gennemsnit smængden af suspenderet faststof i det tilførte spildevand 121 mg pr. liter og mængden af suspenderet faststof i udløbsvandet gennemsnitlig 14 mg pr. liter.With the retention period of 12 hours, the suspended solids in the inlet water varied between 10 and 157 mg per liter with an average of 65 mg per liter. liter. The amount of suspended solids in the effluent was usually between 0 and 5 mg per day. liter with an average of 5 mg per liter. liter. About 80% of all suspended solids were volatile. With the retention period of 6 hours, the average amount of suspended solids in the wastewater supplied was 121 mg / ml. per liter and the amount of suspended solids in the effluent averaged 14 mg per liter. liter.
Man fandt, at med 12 timers tilbageholdelsesperioden indtraf næsten fuldstændig nitrering med passende blanding og tilstedeværelse af tilstrækkeligt opløst oxygen. pH blev målt med regelmæssige mellemrum i indløbsvandet og udløbsvandet og lå imellem 7,1 og 7,8. Lejlighedsvis blev det opløste oxygen, målt i den blandede væske i den centrale strømningskanal. Mængden af opløst oxygen lå mellem 1,5 og 2,4 mg pr. liter.It was found that with the 12 hour retention period, almost complete nitration occurred with appropriate mixing and presence of sufficiently dissolved oxygen. The pH was measured at regular intervals in the inlet and outlet water and ranged between 7.1 and 7.8. Occasionally, the dissolved oxygen was measured in the mixed fluid in the central flow channel. The amount of dissolved oxygen was between 1.5 and 2.4 mg per ml. liter.
Mikroskopisk undersøgelse af biologisk faststof på det fastholdte substrat viste, at mikroberne var identiske med de, der findes i slamsystemer aktiveret på normal vis. Med tilbageholdelsesperioden på 12 timer eksisterede der højere former for animalsk liv i det biologiske faststof på det fastholdte substrat end med 6 timers undersøgelsen.Microscopic examination of biological solid on the retained substrate revealed that the microbes were identical to those found in sludge systems activated in a normal manner. With the retention period of 12 hours, higher forms of animal life in the biological solid existed on the retained substrate than with the 6 hour study.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US20248971A | 1971-11-26 | 1971-11-26 | |
US20248971 | 1971-11-26 |
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DK143397B true DK143397B (en) | 1981-08-17 |
DK143397C DK143397C (en) | 1981-12-21 |
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DK492472A DK143397C (en) | 1971-11-26 | 1972-10-05 | METHOD AND BIOLOGICAL FILTER FOR WASTE TREATMENT |
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JP (2) | JPS4860457A (en) |
AT (1) | AT323664B (en) |
AU (1) | AU465835B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE791849A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1000877A (en) |
CH (1) | CH562166A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2257348A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK143397C (en) |
FI (1) | FI61019C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2161029B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1404777A (en) |
IT (1) | IT966423B (en) |
SE (1) | SE393591B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA726187B (en) |
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JPS50101147U (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1975-08-21 | ||
JPS5146757A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-04-21 | Ina Seito Kk | Seikatsuosuitoshi nyoosuino dojishorisochi |
JPS5599384A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1980-07-29 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for purification of contaminated water |
DE3517600A1 (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-20 | Water Engineering and Plant Construction GtA reg. Trust, Vaduz | Process and apparatus for the aerobic purification of waste waters |
DE3520652A1 (en) * | 1985-06-08 | 1986-12-11 | Water Engineering and Plant Construction GtA reg. Trust, Vaduz | Clarification tank for the aerobic or facultative purification of organic waste waters |
GB2175891A (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-12-10 | Water Res Centre | Biological treatment of aqueous liquids |
DE3630751A1 (en) * | 1986-09-10 | 1988-03-24 | Piepho Abwassertech Ralf F | Apparatus and process for the purification of waste waters |
AT392941B (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1991-07-10 | Hamburger Dietrich | Dispensing device for the metered dispensing of a fragrant substance into the air, in particular for a vehicle interior |
ITPD20030055A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-19 | Acqua Minerale S Benedetto S P A | SUPPORT FOR BIOFILM TO BE USED IN PURIFICATION PLANTS |
DE102006050249A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Bischoff, Josef M. | Method for treatment of wastewater in an oxidation pond, comprises supplying the wastewater into a trickling filter unit and obtaining the wastewater at the end of treatment with enriched atmospheric oxygen of the filter unit |
JP6425217B1 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-11-21 | シェルタッチ工業有限会社 | Water treatment equipment |
CN115818855B (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-08-15 | 盐城工学院 | Solar circulation aeration suspension type biological filter |
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- BE BE791849D patent/BE791849A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1972
- 1972-09-11 ZA ZA726187A patent/ZA726187B/en unknown
- 1972-09-12 CA CA151,531A patent/CA1000877A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-13 AU AU46594/72A patent/AU465835B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-29 GB GB4499172A patent/GB1404777A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-05 DK DK492472A patent/DK143397C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-10-20 IT IT5349172A patent/IT966423B/en active
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- 1972-10-26 JP JP10759572A patent/JPS4860457A/ja active Pending
- 1972-11-22 DE DE2257348A patent/DE2257348A1/en active Pending
- 1972-11-22 SE SE1518472A patent/SE393591B/en unknown
- 1972-11-23 FR FR7241721A patent/FR2161029B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-11-24 AT AT1001272A patent/AT323664B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-24 CH CH1713372A patent/CH562166A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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1981
- 1981-03-26 JP JP1981042943U patent/JPS6012636Y2/en not_active Expired
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BE791849A (en) | 1973-03-16 |
AU4659472A (en) | 1974-03-21 |
JPS56151697U (en) | 1981-11-13 |
FI61019C (en) | 1982-05-10 |
CA1000877A (en) | 1976-11-30 |
SE393591B (en) | 1977-05-16 |
FR2161029A1 (en) | 1973-07-06 |
JPS6012636Y2 (en) | 1985-04-23 |
CH562166A5 (en) | 1975-05-30 |
GB1404777A (en) | 1975-09-03 |
DK143397C (en) | 1981-12-21 |
JPS4860457A (en) | 1973-08-24 |
DE2257348A1 (en) | 1973-05-30 |
IT966423B (en) | 1974-02-11 |
ZA726187B (en) | 1973-07-25 |
FR2161029B1 (en) | 1976-08-20 |
FI61019B (en) | 1982-01-29 |
AU465835B2 (en) | 1975-10-09 |
AT323664B (en) | 1975-07-25 |
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