DESC011205MA - - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Registration date: December 6, 1952 Confirmed on August 2, 1956

GERMAN PATENT OFFICE

Recognizing that the wheel efficiency of deflagration turbines like them in particular as propellant gas generators producing fire gases through deflagrations with processing of Find fire gas gradients in nozzle and blading arrangements use, compared to earlier Proposals and designs can be increased significantly, proposals have already been made with the help of which it is possible to resemble the blading arrangements of these propellant gas generators or to assign practically the same fire gas gradient. This has been achieved by the fact that those behind the Blading occurring counter pressures, seen in the direction of the fire gas, during or almost during the expansion of the fire gases in the upstream blading arrangement with similar and synchronously generated characteristics can be lowered. To generate "this lowering Various measures were available for the counter pressures. Above all, you could use the 2p desired back pressures generating gases during the expansion of the fire gases in the upstream Bring the blading arrangement behind the latter also to expand, with the aforementioned Conditions was to be satisfied. These were also the result of further measures of this kind

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Realize lowering of the counter pressures. In these cases, however, they were influenced Counter-pressures were not used directly, but instead, for example, the possibility of using the drainage cross-section was used the one leaving the blading

Fire gases in relation to the cross section of the nozzle arrangement acting on the blading to change during the period of fire gas expansion so that the counterpressure that is established ran synchronously with the expansion of the fire gases in the nozzle or blading arrangement and at the same time assumed a characteristic similar to that of the expansion itself, whereby the same or practically the same fire gas gradient in the nozzle or blading arrangement is ensured could become.

The present invention is based on the further knowledge that there is such a, relatively more involved and operationally difficult

no leading control equipment is required. The method proposed according to the invention is based on the well-known proposal, behind the blades, in the direction of flow of the Fire gas seen to realize filling spaces in the plant with constant volume. However, in the past these filling spaces were only used for the purpose of pressure and temperature equalization exploited to achieve higher wheel efficiencies at least in the second turbine stage, that of the exhaust gas turbine unit designed as a high-pressure turbine stage downstream and designed either as a Curtis or Parson turbine is now the task to meet, already in those Besehauf elung or in those blading of the deflagration turbine to ensure even approximately constant enthalpy gradients, which with the Deflagration chambers directly removed fire gases' are acted upon. Through the processing the same or approximately the same enthalpy gradient occurs because an essential one occurs Improvement of the wheel efficiency already in the high pressure stage of the pedal gas generator, so that in connection with the thermodynamically superior to the efficiency of the constant pressure method Efficiency of the deflagration process a satisfactory overall efficiency occurs.

Accordingly, the proposed working method for operating fire gases is characterized by Propellant gas generator producing deflagrations with processing of fire gas gradients in nozzles and Blading arrangements and with feed a blading arrangement initiating Fire gases to a filling space arrangement in the factories of unchangeable volume according to the invention in that the as counterpressure to the respective upstream blading arrangement brought into effect internal pressure of the filling space arrangement during or almost during the Expansion of the fire gases in the upstream blading arrangement is lowered to an increasing extent, so that the back pressure changes the character an expansion assumes. If this occurs synchronously with the stretching of the higher pressure, impinging gases, one obtains the desired, high wheel efficiency, approximately the same enthalpy gradient not only in the high-pressure blading, but in all of them Blading behind which one provides such 'filling spaces and in which one the internal pressures influenced in the manner indicated.

Counter pressures that are lower in absolute terms, in particular below the pressure of the The counter pressures held by charge air have already been used in composite turbines to facilitate removal of the flue gas residue from the deflagration chambers and a more favorable power distribution on the individual turbines to be able to; also brings the so-called reloading process in contrast "to the open charging that is now consistently used, a temporary lowering of the Back pressure with itself. However, the back pressures themselves remained constant in all cases, so that the advances realized according to the invention could not yet occur.

In a further implementation of the invention, there is, in particular, the possibility of a lowering of the internal pressure to be generated in the filling chamber arrangement at which the linden tree is generated Back pressure in a Q-F diagram, its ordinates the enthalpy (the heat content) Q der

Fire gases in -3 and its abscissa correspond to the percentages V of the emitted fire gas volume in the total fire gas gas generated per deflagration chamber, as the equidistant to the expansion line or approximately as such. Calculations and tests show that by dimensioning the volume of this filling space arrangement one can most favorably influence the filling phase of this filling space arrangement, within which certain deviations between expansion and counter pressure lines can be observed in the QF diagram. The working process can also be designed in such a way that it leads to a reduction in the deviations between the expansion and counterpressure lines and to a reduction in the filling losses. The details of this dimensioning will be discussed in connection with the marking of the devices for carrying out the method. First of all, it has to be dealt with how the fire gases emerging from the blading arrangement are to be transferred with as little loss as possible into the filling chamber arrangement that generates the counterpressure curve defined in more detail above, because significant overflow losses can impair the advantages resulting from the design of the counterpressure curve, and how this filling chamber by as directly as possible into it 120. Substantial partial quantities of fuel gas to be introduced must be replenished.

In order to reduce overflow losses as much as possible, the fire gases are used in the filling chamber arrangement supplied via collecting nozzles, which, according to their arrangement and design, correspond to the state of the

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feiung escaping fire gases are adapted. There are a number of possibilities. Close can the exiting from the blading arrangements fire gases in each acting Nozzle cross-section provided collecting nozzles are collected. But there is also the possibility for collecting the fire gases emerging from the blading arrangements in a single all applied nozzle cross-sections

ίο assigned collecting nozzle. Do you catch them from the Blading arrangements exiting fire gases in individual, but each acting in groups On collecting nozzles assigned to nozzle cross-sections, the number of collecting nozzles is reduced compared to the number required to carry out the first-mentioned procedure are. The conditions to be realized in this way correspond to the further possibility that arises from the blading arrangements to collect escaping fire gases in single or group nozzles and the To combine partial flows back into a total flow. Determining for the choice of the fall arrest procedure is essentially the chosen padding method, i. H. answering the question of whether the fire gases are fed to several filling rooms or a single filling room. Co-determining however, the position and arrangement of the nozzle and blading arrangements are also assigned Deflagration chambers, so that the expediency of one or the other IT procedure depends on the circumstances.

If the fire gases collected in the collecting nozzle arrangement are fed into a single filling space too, so there is above all the possibility that a considerable subset of the fire gases through the space between the housing and the rotor escapes and does not reach the filling space that is assigned to the partial amount of fuel gas under consideration. The fire gases can thereby create a filling chamber arrangement Reach, which during the observed period of time not from the fire gases of the considered Initial voltage is to be supplied. As a result, the back pressure to be generated falls to a value that does not correspond to the operating procedure to be carried out. A corresponding loss to R ad efficiency is the result.

The risk can be reduced by reducing the axial distance between the rotor blades and adjacent wall to be fixed. In addition, to further reduce the undesirable, radial outflow of fire gases flapper-like effective resistances are provided in the rotor boundary planes. It gives the further possibility of changing the blade rings of the blading arrangement down to the single or Completely shield the outlet cross-sections of the filling chamber arrangement. From the dimensions of this shield depends in high. Measure the ventilation resistance of the wheel, which at high wheel chamber pressures and can be very significant at high speeds. The method of feeding of the fire gases to a single filling chamber arrangement leads to the so desired, extensive shielding and thus too high wheel efficiencies due to the greatest possible pull-down the ventilation resistance compared to the further possibility of supplying the fire gases provided for each acting nozzle cross-section or per group of nozzle cross-sections Pad majority.

One is just as free as in the method of supplying the fire gases to the filling chamber arrangement with regard to the discharge of the fire gases from the same. You can first use a single nozzle-like outlet per filling space unit or majority, d. H. per inflation bar arrangement, dissipate. You can choose from the filling space unit or majority in total or in Divide group stream discharged fire gases into individual streams and the individual streams via nozzle-like Discharge outlets or groups thereof. You can initially convert individual streams to total or Group flows together and then again via individual or groups of nozzle-like Discharge outlets, and you can finally split a single nozzle-like outlet first and release the gases through single or group nozzles. The nozzle or nozzles are the The following turbine stages are expediently arranged upstream as an impinging nozzle arrangement.

So that the desired equidistance of expansion and counterpressure lines also occurs in this case, the proposed method can be achieved by directly generating the internal pressure reduction in the The filling chamber arrangement can be carried out by means of tensioned gases which are made to expand in it, the one or more deflagration chambers are taken at a time in which in the Chamber or in the chambers a fire gas voltage in accordance with the fire gas pressure occurs that the fire gases at the end of the expansion in the upstream blading exhibit. The method can be carried out either in the filling space by generating the internal pressure reduction be realized itself or in the wheel space, so that indirectly in the upstream of the wheel space Filling space arrangement, the desired counterpressure curve occurs, with the counterpressure generating Gases are withdrawn from one or more deflagration chambers at a time, in which a fire gas voltage occurs in the chamber or chambers, which corresponds to the fire gas pressure agrees that the fire gases have at the end of the expansion in the upstream blading. Of course you can too Carry out both procedures at the same time, as there is no problem with fire gas detection lower pressure in both the filling and following wheel spaces for expansion bring,

The feeding process is based on the described execution of the filling process of these lower-tensioned partial quantities of fire gas. One can first use the counter pressure generation or its lowering serving Feuergaise in each discharge organ at the deflagration chambers

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Detect provided individual feed lines and feed them into use, you can these But also bring about supply via collecting lines and you can just as well use certain Combine groups of discharge organs into group lines and these individually or in combination to form a common collecting line to the point of consumption bring up. The summarizing and dividing options shown apply to all individual, group and Manifolds.

The devices used to carry out these methods can also be of the most varied Way to be designed. They are generally characterized by their arrangement of filling chamber arrangements in the company of unchangeable volume in connection with Means of making a during or near

ao during the expansion of the fire gases in each upstream nozzle and blading arrangement increasingly lowered internal pressure in this Refill chamber assembly. It has been shown that the ratio of the volume of the ■ 25 filling chambers or the filling chamber for The volume of the deflagration chambers acting on this filling chamber arrangement is of the greatest importance Influence on the favorable shape of the filling phase is. How numerous calculations and trials have shown, one must, for example, when arranging two nozzle and blading sets, thus two turbine stages, the filling chamber arrangement lying between these sets or stages give a volume that is between one to five hundredths of the volume of everyone Deflagration chambers is located. The volume of a filling chamber is the volume of the chamber even plus the spaces between the narrowest cross-sections of the chamber itself 'understood, while the volume of the nozzles beyond the narrowest nozzle cross-sections are not included may.

Further details of the devices for carrying out the new operating method can be found in connection with the explanation of the embodiment.

The drawing shows an embodiment of the inventive concept using the example of an oil propellant gas generator that uses a two-stage deflagration combustion

contains a power turbine system with four deflagration chambers.

Fig. Ι shows a side view of the propellant gas generator with a partial, according to line I-I of Fig. 2 with an imaginary valve control expanded running longitudinal section through a deflagration chamber in a schematic representation;

Fig. 2 is a vertical one in the same representation Cross section through the oil propellant gas generator again, which runs along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows, in an enlarged illustration, a peripheral, running along line III-III in FIG. 1 and the section developed in the plane of the drawing, while

FIG. 4 shows a different possible embodiment in the sectional view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 5 shows another possible embodiment in the same representation; FIG.

Fig. 6 gives the pressure-time diagram of one of the deflagration chambers of the oil propellant gas generator Fig. 2 again while

7 finally shows an Ö-F diagram of the system according to FIGS. 1 to 3, in which the ordinates represent the heat content Q. Of the fire gases in

3- correspond; the abscissas indicate the fire emanated volumes of gas at a percentage of Δ V per Verpuffungskammer Feuergaisgesamtmenge generated, so that the latter so the numbering ioo ° / o wears.

In Figs. 1 and 2, 1, 2, 3, 4 denote the deflagration chambers, the deflagration chamber 4 in Fig. ι in longitudinal section, chamber 3 in view is drawn. Each deflagration chamber is provided with a charge air inlet valve 5, the ischemical of which indicated training at the left end of the deflagration chamber 4 can be seen. In the A fuel injector is installed in the charge air valve, to which a fuel line 6 leads in turn to a fuel pump (not shown) usual training is connected. In addition, the deflagration chamber is not shown Ignition devices of a known type are provided.

As can be seen in FIGS. Ί and 2, each deflagration chamber has a number of discharge organs which are arranged distributed along its length. There is initially one nozzle valve 7 each for highly stressed partial quantities of fire gas, which are released to nozzles I via the nozzle vestibules 8 when the nozzle valves are opened. The highly stressed amounts of fuel gas supplied via the nozzles I serve to act on the blading I a, which is arranged on the first wheel 9 of the turbine rotor 10. Receiving nozzles 11 are able to absorb the partial amounts of fuel gas that were originally highly stressed and were partially relaxed in the first turbine stage I, 9, and are adapted to the state of these partial amounts of fuel gas. The collecting nozzle arrangement 11 is followed by the filling chamber arrangement 12, which at its end opposite the Aufiangdüseneinrichtung 11 merges into a further nozzle arrangement 13, which is assigned to the blading Πα of the second wheel 14 of the rotor 10. The rotor 10 runs in the turbine housing. 15 um. The mechanical energy of the rotor 10 is transmitted via a clutch 16 to an energy-receiving machine 17 which, for example, can be designed as a compressor for generating operating resources, in particular the charge air.

In addition to the nozzle valves 7, which serve to Beauf impact ring of the nozzles I, there are further nozzle valves 18 - for the discharge of lower tension partial amounts of fire gas from the deflagration chambers ι to 4 provided. In the exemplary embodiment, the spaces 19, 20 are behind in the direction of the fire gas

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the valve seats of the discharge organs 18 lie, with the filling chamber assembly 12 in direct communication. With 19 lines are designated, the lower-tension partial amounts of fire gas from a group of two adjacent ones Adopt discharge organs 18. Such a group line 19 is shown in Fig. 2, left half, for the discharge organs 18 of the two deflagration chambers 1 and 2 can be seen. The group management 19 leads these partial amounts of fuel gas to a lesser extent Voltage across the manifold 20 of the fill chamber assembly 12 increases. Appropriate Group lines 19 are for the deflagration chamber group 3, 4 available, but not apparent from the drawing, since Fig. 2, right half, the Section through the nozzle valves 7 and their associated Reproduces parts of the first turbine stage -

To release the lowest-tension fire

ao gas partial quantities controlled discharge organs are provided in the form of the outlet valves 21, the

; ■■■■ designed in the same way as the nozzle valves 7 and 18 and only have larger cross-sections. These lowest-stressed partial quantities of fire gas consist of residual combustion gases, which, according to the chosen charging method, are

■■■ "■ air are displaced from the deflagration chambers ¹ as soon as the charge air valves 5 are opened. The fire gases displaced from the deflagration chambers via the exhaust valves 21 flow to the discharge housing 22 of the turbine housing 15, without the details of this device being illustrated in more detail, since they do not affect the essence of the invention. The outflow gases, which are thus approximately under a voltage corresponding to the charge air pressure, are drawn off as propellant gases via the propellant gas line 23 and passed on for further use.

The nozzle arrangement 13, which is thus assigned to the wheel TLa of the second turbine stage, supplies the second turbine stage II α, 14 with fire gases from two different sources. This is because it first processes the fire gases, which are released from the deflagration chambers via the nozzle valves 7 as highly stressed partial amounts of fire gas and are partially processed in the first turbine stage 1 a, 9

'■ were. However, it also processes fire gases which had been released from the deflagration chambers via the nozzle valves 18 as lower-tension partial amounts of fire gas directly via the line 19, 20 into the filling chamber arrangement 12. The nozzle arrangement 13 can therefore also be referred to as the nozzle arrangement II, since it is assigned to the wheel ¹ II α, 14 as the only nozzle arrangement.

'Fig. 3 shows these relationships more precisely. In it the nozzle valves 7 can be seen first,

'■' ■■ where the names of the deflagration chambers, to which they belong are indicated as indices in brackets. You can see the corresponding püsenvöräume 8 of the nozzles I. It can be seen - that each deflagration chamber has a special one

■ '' Individual nozzle arrangement I has been assigned '. The embodiment of FIG. 5 will show that this is not an essential design feature; the nozzle vestibules 8 and correspondingly the nozzles I could also be combined to form group or even total nozzles. One of the factors determining the choice of one or the other arrangement is the selected working method, the effects of which, above all, on the nozzle arrangement II will be discussed in detail on η _0.

The wheel chamber space 24 of the first turbine stage can also be seen in FIG. 3, in which d'as' Turbine wheel 9 is running.

In contrast to the Einizeldüsenanordniung I shows the implementation of the next measure, namely the implementation of the collecting. Fahrens serving facility that has already been worked with a group summary. Namely, two collecting nozzle groups ii ₍₁ , ₂ ) and ii ( _{3; 4} ) have been provided, whereby collecting nozzle arrangement ii ( _lj2 ) corresponds to nozzles I ₍₁₎ and I ₍₂₎ and collecting nozzle arrangement ii ( _3i4 ) corresponds to nozzles I ₍₃₎ and I _{{4) have been} assigned. Both collecting nozzle arrangements, however, work on a single filling chamber 12, which has been designed as nozzle II at its end opposite to the collecting nozzle arrangement ii. ¹ The only adfilling chamber realized in this way is connected to rooms i9 ( _lj2 ) and i9 ( ₃ , ₄ ) via connection 20, with room ¹ 9 (1,2) ^a ^ ^s group line being designed for lower-tensioned partial amounts of fuel gas that flow through the Nozzle valves ΐ8 _(1ί and i8 _{(2)) are} released, while room i9 ( _S , ₄ ) is designed as a group line for lower-pressure partial amounts of fuel gas, which are released via nozzle valves i8 ₍₃ ) and i8 ₍₄ ) ( _li2 ) ^and I9 (3, ₄ ) merge at 20 as a junction into the filling chamber 12. Since the nozzle arrangement II is attached to its narrowest cross section 25 and the filling chamber 12 into this through the narrowest cross section and subsequent expansion as well Length, marked nozzle arrangement II passes over, the nozzle arrangement II thus processes both the fuel gas tiers, which in the turbine stage I, 9 (Fig. 1), more precisely in the nozzle arrangement Ι _ω , I ₍₂₎ , I _{3) , I ₍₄₎ , 9, 24 (Fig. 3) partially correspond as well as the partial amounts of fire gas, which were lower in tension from the start, which were sent via the nozzle valves ΐ8 _ω , i8 ₍₂ ), i8 ₍₃₎ , i8 ₍₄ ), 19 (L ₂ ),! 9 (3, 4). 20 of the filling chamber 12 had been fed.

The nozzle arrangement II includes sieve, in Seen in the direction of the fire gas, the wheel chamber space 26 of the second turbine stage Πα, 14. after the Fire gases brought to the action via the nozzle arrangement II are further work in this turbine stage Πα, 14, 26 have done, they flow via a collecting nozzle 27 to the Ausstrikngehause 22, into which the outlet valves 21 open and, when they open, the residual flue gas into this Auisström housing dismiss.

Before going into the Arbeitsverfabren that the arrangement according to FIGS seems appropriate, should be open for the time being

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further possible embodiments have been entered, which are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, without this somehow exhaust the conceivable and possible alternative solutions in these exemplary embodiments. Rather, the general statements of the description show that as a result of

■, the possibility of varying the elements, a number of combinations can be formed, the advantages of which and disadvantages are to be determined on the basis of those of the illustrated embodiments to which accordingly will have to be dealt with in summary.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4 is the

Nozzle assembly I formed in the same manner as in the embodiment of Fdg 3. Also appearing on f angdüsenanordnung 11 _{(1) 2)} and ¹ 11 _{(3;. 4)} does not differ from that of Figure 3. Finally This also applies to the. Refill chamber arrangement 12. On the other hand, it no longer applies to the supply of the lower-tension partial fire gas quantities released via the nozzle valves i8 _{(i :)} , i8 ( ₂ ), i8 ( ₃ ) and i8 ( ₄ ), which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, are via individual nozzles , namely via nozzles 2% ^, 28 ^, 28 ₍₃ ) and 28 ^, are fed directly to the wheel chamber space 26 of the second turbine stage Πα, 14 (Fig. ι). As a result, the deliberately brought about lowering of the pressure of these lower-tension fire gas jets no longer takes place directly in the filling chamber 12, as shown in FIG. 24 has an effect, but this lowering is now carried out directly in the wheel chamber space 26, but comes into effect in the same way via the constantly open connection of the nozzle arrangement II between the spaces 12 and 26 in the filling chamber 12; in other words, FIG. 4 realizes an exemplary embodiment which corresponds to the second of the alternative methods described above. One can also easily the third possibility, namely the joint execution of both alternative method, realized by a part of the fire gas feeds 2q ₍₁₎ 2O _(2), 29, (3) ² 9 ⁽⁴⁾ ^ ^en nozzles 28 one _{( 1)} , 28 ₍₂₎ , 2 ^l 8 ₍₃₎ , 28 ₍₄ ) in the manner described for FIG. In this case, II accepts dieDüsenanordnung only the function of the part of the nozzle _ϋ · 28 _(], 28 _(2), 28 ₍₃₎ and 28 _(4), where _ω the. Fire gas inlets 29, 29 (2), 29 (3 ) ^{and 2} 9 (4) with ^a direct confluence with the wheel chamber 26. It again depends on the selected working method whether one uses the second alternative method of FIG.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, a group-wise combination of the transfer lines adjoining the nozzle valves 7 ( _{1> 2)} and 7 ( _{3> 4} ) has already been made in the nozzle arrangement I; two group _nozzles I (lj2) and I (3, ₄ ) i are used. Another group-wise summary has been made following the discharge organs or nozzle valves 18; accordingly there are two groups of supply lines 29 ( ₁₂₎ and 29 ( ₃₄ ) and nozzles 28 ₍₁₂₎ and 28 _(3i4) . In contrast, the common filling chamber 12 with two collecting nozzle groups ii _{(1; 2)} and ii _{(3) 4} ) from FIGS. 3 and 4 has been retained. A change has only occurred insofar as the main nozzle II has been divided into nozzles II 'and II "by installing a baffle or a baffle 30. In the same way, the nozzle arrangement II according to FIGS ', Π "of FIG. 5 can be replaced by the main nozzle II according to FIGS.

If it has been said above that such deviations are not entirely at will, but are at least partly due to the working process, it is now in the individual to enter.

Fig. 6 shows the pressure-time diagram of one of the deflagration chambers 1 to 4, which are shown in Fig. 2 of the embodiment. First of all, the diagram shows the highest deflagration pressure p _v, which appears as point A on an ordinate established in the o-point of the coordinate system. If the diagram of FIG. 6 is assigned, for example, to the deflagration chamber 4 drawn in section in FIG. 1, the nozzle valve 7 ₍₄₎ would open at point A , under the influence of a control system, which is indicated schematically in FIG has been. Highest tensioned fire gas is released, but only as a partial amount of fire gas, because the nozzle valve 7 ₍₄₎ closes again at point B of the expansion line of the total amount of fire gas in this deflagration chamber 4. At this point, however, the nozzle valve i8 ₍₄ ) opens and releases from the same deflagration chamber 4 fire gases which are already lower _{tension, namely have a pressure ^ 2} , which is considerably lower than the pressure p _x ; the fire gases released via the nozzle valve i8 ( ₄ ) are only released as a subset of the total amount of fire gases generated in the deflagration chamber ₄ because the nozzle valve i8 (4) closes at time C. The expansion no of the fire gases still in the deflagration chamber 4 has meanwhile progressed so far that the fire gases in it only have the voltage p ₀ , ie the charge air voltage. At point C the nozzle valve i8 closes ( ₄ y, and the charge air _{inlet valve 5 (4)} opens. The outlet valve 2i _{(4) opens at the same time} this time C was still in the chamber 4. this so-iao called residual fire gas partial quantity is during the period CB of the charge air displaced because j close in time e valves 5 ₍₄₎ and 2i _(4;. already during the period D but had the fuel pump via the _{fuel supply line 6 (4)} fuel into the

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Charging air column that is still in motion, advancing like a piston and thereby pushing out the residual amount of fuel gas, is injected. This type of charging is called "open charging" because of the open state of the participating valves 5 ₍₄₎ and 2> i _{(4) when the fuel is introduced.} This type of charging has the advantage that fuel air particles are particularly well mixed and thus homogeneous, highly ignitable

ίο lead to a charge as well as to a controversial explosion with the steep slope of the deflagration line 36; the ignition takes place shortly after time E.

While the highly stressed partial amount of fire gas released from the deflagration chamber 4 at time ο or A in the nozzle and blading system I, Ia, 9 was subjected to a partial expansion marked by the line AB , another of the four deflagration chambers 1 to 4, for example chamber 3, handled a working cycle that is offset in time compared to that of FIG. 6 for the chamber 4 that the point B of the diagram train associated with this deflagration chamber 3, not shown, was already reached when the diagram of FIG Abscissa axis reached; in other words, the working cycle assumed by the deflagration chamber 3 precedes that of FIG. 6 by the time interval between the points AB. Accordingly, the nozzle valve had i8 ₍₃₎ (s. Fig. 3) at the time of the diagram ο of Fig. 6 is opened and a low-loaded fire gas subset, namely a flue gas subset from the pressure p _2, released into the filling chamber 12th Since the nozzle valve i'8 ₍₃₎ is open during a period of time which corresponds to the time interval BC of the diagram in FIG The drawn line begins and ends at 32, corresponding to the point in time C of FIG. 6, which is preceded by the point in time 32, again offset by the time measure AB.

The dash-dotted line 42 of the internal pressure profile in the filling chamber 12 ¹ coincides with the lines 31, 32 except for slight deviations in the area of the filling base 33 of the filling chamber 12. Because this line 42 of the internal pressure occurring in the filling chamber 12 does not represent anything else than the course of the counterpressure occurring behind the blading Ia, 9, 24, apart from insignificant flow resistances, an almost complete equidistance of the line 42 occurs in the areas 34 to 32 Expansion line AB . This means that practically the same enthalpy gradients occur in the nozzle and blading arrangement 1.9. The deviations occurring in area 33 are within the permissible tolerance of 45 ° / & of the optimum gradient for single-rim wheels, with the largest fluctuations upwards of 30% and downwards of 15%, as is well known, should not exceed. This favorable result has been achieved through the combination of two measures, namely first through the relatively small design of the filling chamber 12, which can be clearly seen in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. It was possible to arrive at this small size of the filling chamber because two favorable measures were again implemented. First, the collecting nozzles iI (d and ιι _{(2) are combined} to form a common group _{nozzle 11 (12)} and the two following collecting nozzles are combined to form a group collecting nozzle 11 (3, 4) Fire gases flow through a cross section of the turbine in the position of the nozzles II perpendicular to the turbine axis. This makes it possible to completely accommodate the filling chamber 12 within the turbine housing 15 without disturbing the turbine structure between the wheels 9 and 14 and to determine its volume in such a way that the latter is less than a tenth of the volume of the deflagration chambers ι to 4, which work on this filling chamber 12 in a cyclical offset of the work cycles, and is thus between one and five hundredths of the total deflagration chamber. This small volume has the advantage of positively influencing the filling phase Effect of small outer chamber surfaces, so that the heat transfer e on the same turn out to be correspondingly low.

In addition, the second essential measure is that, as the QF diagram in FIG. 7 will show particularly clearly, the partial quantities of fuel gas _{released via the nozzle valve i8 (3) make up} a very considerable proportion of the total generated in the deflagration chamber during a deflagration Represent the total amount of fire gas so that the refill chamber 12 fills extensively and rapidly on the outside. Because it is fed with fire gases from two rare locations; Via the collecting nozzle cross-sections 11 ( _lj2 ) and ii (3, 4) it receives the partial amount of fire gas that has been partially processed in the upstream nozzle and mounting arrangement I, 9, 24 and which was initially highly tensioned, and it continues to receive partial amounts of lower-tensioned fire gas via the supply cross-section 20 the nozzle valves 18 or via the nozzle valve i8 just considered ₍₃₎ . The equidistant course of the counterpressure line 42, shown in dash-dotted lines, to the expansion line AB can be attributed to these two circumstances.

For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that behind the nozzle and blading arrangement II, 14, that is to say in the outflow housing 22, a counterpressure sales 35 occurs, which is indicated by the dashed line in FIG. It is achieved by pushing out the partial quantities of fuel gas along the time interval C to E of FIG. 6 for the chamber 4 under consideration, provided that this residual fuel gas is released through the open outlet valve 2i ₍₄₎ . What has been set out for chamber 4 naturally applies to all chambers, ie also to chambers 1, 2 and 3. This means that regardless of the deflagration chamber, the higher,

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lower, -. · ',. or ! ; Lowest-tension fire gasifc

■; - ;. quantities released, the nozzle and blading arrangements I, Ια, 9) 24 and II, Πα, 14, 20 have to process practically the same fire gas gradients, since expansion line section BC and associated counterpressure line 35 are essentially equal

> ■. ■■; ■ run distant. Associated with the expansion line section or shorter partial expansion BC of the diagram in FIG

; ■■■: Verpuffungskammern generated 1 or 2, whose work start of the game from the time point ο of Figure 6 must advancing to the time scale A to C to the time point B of the diagram of the train of Figure 6 with the release of its remaining fire amount of gas in the training..

<'■". Strömgehäuse to begin the 22nd This therefore occur in all turbine stages or by similar measures also in more than two turbine stages .'erreichbaren, virtually the same enthalpy are the aspired, high

_; Realized wheel efficiency.

The Q-F4} diagram of FIG. 7 leaves these relationships appear even clearer. In the Q-F-

»5 Diagram of FIG. 7, which shows the usual QA entropy diagram, for example after plum, with the

■■■■ ?. percentage of the amount of fire gas that has flowed out, calculating the total amount of fire gas per deflagration chamber with 100%, combined as the abscissa, the ordinates being the heat content Q of

Fire gases in

• kcal
run ³

correspond, one recognizes first again the points A, B, C, E of FIG. 7 corresponding to the points of the line A, B, C, B of FIG from A

■■■■ · walking double line, which the adia-batic Indicates fire gas gradient. The double line shows the changes in state occurring during expansion again, but only for the ideal machine, where no entro-

·: ·· ■■ discomfort occurs, d. H. with no heat transfer on the wall surfaces in contact with the flue gas and no heat generation occurs through friction on the rotor and blades. With the practically anis-led machine is natural neither is the case. Careful investigations into the heat transfer on the walls on the gas side and calculations of ventilation losses on the rotor and on the blades, however, have shown that with good, executed

. Systems and when the usual work processes are used, there is an approximate correspondence between the amounts of heat developed by friction and ventilation and transferred to the coolant. It is therefore justified to assume adiabatic state changes during the expansion and these changes appear in the QS- o: the Q-Fr diagram 'as vertical lines. Also entered are the dash-dotted counterparts corresponding to the line 42 of FIG.

■ <print line 37 and that of the line train. 35 of FIG. 6 corresponding line 38. This. Lines determine the areas L ₀ , I ₆ , H ₀ and III in connection with the ordinates laid through the points A, B, C and £.

The area l _a below the curve AB corresponding to the first partial expansion AB indicates the work performance of the partial amount of fuel gas flowing out of the nozzle arrangement I, exerted on the wheel 9! The dash-dotted dividing line 37: corresponds to the internal pressure occurring in the filling chamber 12, i.e. corresponds to the counterpressure in relation to the upstream nozzle or loading arrangement I, 9. The course of this line 37 is dependent on a number of mathematical and technical influences Difficult to determine mainly from the number of working chambers, the number and size of the nozzle vestibules and the narrowest nozzle cross-sections. In addition to the space dimensioning of the filling chamber already mentioned, the latter were varied according to plan in order to achieve favorable conditions. It was found that if only the partial amount of fuel gas that was initially highly stressed was processed in the nozzle arrangement II, its narrowest total cross-section ( _s) in relation to the narrowest total cross-section Z _{1 of} the nozzle arrangement I within the limits of 1.5. ·· ■ -to 2.5: ι must hold in order to be able to achieve optimal values. The ratio fn: f _l is from .2.5 to. 3.5: 1 to increase if the nozzle arrangement II according to the exemplary embodiment not only via the nozzle arrangement; 20 has to process directly withdrawn, lower-tension partial amount of fuel gas. Due to the inexpensive design that can be achieved in this way. f of lines 37 and, of course, also 38 in the QV diagram, the wheel efficiency of the door bracket is optimally increased because the essentially achieved equidistance of lines AB, 37 and 38 shows that it has been possible to succeed in turbine stages I, la, 9 and II, Ha, 14 to achieve equal enthalpy gradients.

An area has been designated by I _b which corresponds to the work output of the partial amount of fuel gas supplied via the nozzles I in the nozzle and blading system II, II _{a, 20.} It is therefore the work of that part of the total amount of fuel gas that had already done work in the first turbine stage I, Ia, 9 and is doing further work in the second turbine stage.

The work surface II α corresponds to the disposable work which .an the discharged through the nozzle valves 18 from the Verpuffungskammern, lower tensioned Feuergas'teilmengen 'the. second turbine stage.

Finally, III denotes the work capacity, which have the fire gases flowing off via propellant gas line 23.

FIG. 7, in conjunction with that in FIGS. 1 and 2 ... schematically ... clarifies; constructive Design recognize which inventive measures lead to the considerable progress achieved in this way .have led, which is.given thereby, -: that

6OT · 577/2 «

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according to the practically same gradient in the turbine stages. this. Wheels or wheel groups with optimum efficiency have become applicable to the greatest possible extent, so that an explosion turbine that is equivalent to steam or constant pressure turbines with regard to the loading conditions could be created, compared to which they have the fundamental advantage of thermodynamically «! Has superiority of the deflagration process over the equal pressure process. Reference is made to the basic descriptions in Stodola, "Steam and Gas Turbines", 5th Edition, p. 994, and Kruschik, "Die Gasturbine", Springerverlag Vienna, 1952, p. 5. The QF diagram initially shows which considerable amounts of fire gas are available to fill the filling chamber. As already stated above, the filling chamber 12 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, to which the diagram in FIG Relation to the total amount of fire gas 40 via the upstream nozzle and blading arrangement I, 9 and further from the amount of fire gas amounting to 41 in relation to the total amount of fire gas 40 via the inlets 18, 19, 20 and thus to an extraordinarily rapid filling up of the same, so that the gusset 33, in which there are still deviations between the equidistance of the lines AB and 37, almost disappears; the counterpressure line 37 is thereby brought into the desired position relative to the expansion line section AB even with smaller flue gas outflow volumes. The same applies to counter-pressure lines 38 and gusset 43 accordingly. In the example case, the proportions 39 and 41 together amount to about 75% of the total amount of fire gas, with the proportion 41 alone accounting for 25%. This 75% fire gases flow through this narrowest cross-section of the nozzle arrangement II with the smallest. 45 nozzle losses.

With this reference, the above-mentioned influence of the working method on the possible embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 5 has already been touched upon. In order to be able to recognize these influences in detail, one expediently starts from FIG. 4, since the embodiment shown here could also be implemented if the one shown in FIG Pressure conditions could not have been achieved. For it is to be taken into account that the fire gases processed in the nozzles 28 according to FIG. 4 according to their pressure state of could be different from the fire gases flowing through nozzle II. Now imagine it the nozzles 28 according to FIG. 4 would of course be relocated into the space within the nozzle II without changing their relevant cross-sections, the nozzle walls could undoubtedly the more closely it succeeds in keeping the correspondence between the states, the thinner it is of the fire gases flowing through the nozzles 28 and the nozzle II. If it could succeed to bring these periodically up and down flue gas states into agreement, one could even combine the nozzles 28 with the nozzle II.

Corresponding to the possibility found and shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 of bringing the expansion line section BC in the deflagration chambers to coincide with the associated expansion line 31-32, i.e. correspondence between the states of the nozzle arrangements 28 and II according to FIG. 4 To create flowing fire gases, it has become possible to achieve this goal, ie to come to the training according to FIGS. 1 to 3, ie to realize a total nozzle II in the second and corresponding total nozzles, of course, if necessary in the further turbine stages. This nozzle design has a number of significant advantages. The nozzles 28 according to FIG. 4 work periodically, that is to say they only receive fire gases during the time span B to C of FIG. 6. Nozzles with interrupted application work less well than non-stop nozzles. Such a continuously working nozzle is nozzle II; because it is preceded by a single filling chamber 12, which receives uninterrupted fire gases because the working cycles of chambers 1 to 4 can be appropriately offset so that one of the nozzles I ₍₁₎ to I ₍₄ ) always receives fire gases. An arrangement according to FIG. 3 thus works with a higher nozzle efficiency than an arrangement according to FIG. 4 with the individual nozzles 28 or an arrangement according to FIG. 5 with group _{nozzles 28 (li2)} or 28 _{(3> 4)} . Due to the non-stop successive application of propellant, the turbine wheels 9 and 14 also receive a very even torque and the degree of irregularity of the turbine rotor co _max - ω _η , ί _η : ω has been significantly improved compared to the irregularity of explosion turbines with pressure equalization between the turbine stages with the help of so-called pressure equalization containers will. While the known turbines had such a value of ι: 35ο, it is 1: 700 with door bins designed according to the invention without taking into account a possibly driven compressor.

In addition, the nozzle II according to FIG. 3 leads to a single opening in the walls of the Wheel chamber 26, apart from the one through the catch nozzle .115 27, leads, while the number of openings 4 would be larger according to FIG. the embodiment according to Fig. 5 assumes a central position. An arrangement according to FIG. 3 can therefore be used a far better impeller shield can be provided than the arrangement according to FIGS. 4 and 5. However, the ventilation resistance of the wheel depends on the extent of this shielding, so that the embodiment according to FIG. 3 leads to the best possible measure. Introducing the additional Fire gas amount of 41 in the

609 577/2 «

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Filling chamber 12 already takes place between the wheels I α and Ha, that is, in the direction of flow seen, substantially before the narrowest cross section 25 of the nozzle II (see. Fig. 3). By this closest Cross-section about 75% of the fire gases flow laminar, thus with the already mentioned smallest Nozzle loss.

Of course, it is also possible to have certain deviations in those represented by FIGS. 6 and 7 Allow conditions. In these cases one naturally has to use the options presented of the embodiments 4 and 5 and / or on other, mentioned combination possibilities the illustrated collection, replenishment and delivery processes and arrangements to resort to without departing from the essence of the invention which these collection, replenishment and delivery methods and arrangements in the deflagration chamber technology introduced new and peculiar measures and components.

Like the comparison of the course of the gradient boundary lines 37 and 38 in FIG. 7 with the course the corresponding counter-pressure lines 42 and 35 in the diagram of FIG. 6 shows the design an enthalpy boundary line is necessary, but not sufficient due to the design characterized by the corresponding pressure curve. Because besides the pressure are for the fire gas state, which leads to a certain gradient in relation to another state, also temperature and heat content of the fire gases are decisive. So it would theoretically be possible to lower of the gradient boundary lines 37 and 38 in Fig. 7 without the pressure of the fire gases, so to change the back pressure in relation to an upstream nozzle and blading system. There this would obviously not depart from the essence of the invention, so is the expression counter pressure always in this broader sense of a line assigned to the counterpressure in the Q-F diagram to understand.

The control of the described inlet and outlet organs, which have been illustrated in the form of valves, but also without in their place Another slide, membrane-controlled outlets and inlets or the like. Can occur on the most varied Be carried out in a manner such as mechanically, pneumatically, hydraulically, electrically, magnetic, electromagnetic, hydromechanical,

So hydro-electric, pneumonia-mechanical, pneumo-electric or in any other suitable manner. Such controls and devices for regulating the Controlled processes are known and are not the subject of the present invention.

Finally, it should be noted that it is already known between the stages of a to arrange multi-stage Verpuffungsbrennkraftturbine rooms, the task of which is to reduce the pressure of the Balance fire gases and calm the eddies that arise in them. According to this suggestion it comes thus to the formation of an approximately constant back pressure, so that to the strongly changing pressure gradient in the first stage of such a deflagration combustion power The turbine does not change anything, which means that the wheel efficiencies remain unsatisfactory. That is also the case with more widely known deflagration internal combustion engines, at which one already has the back pressure of the actual deflagration combustion turbine downstream continuous power turbine has decreased to a To achieve kind of equal pressure operation. This measure does not change anything in the strongly changing Fire gas pressure gradient during the expansion of the fire gases from the deflagration chambers. Because it it is still not possible to design the wheel blading to handle the pressure gradient, that occurs during the constant pressure period, the wheel efficiencies had to be according to these proposals produced deflagration combustion turbines still remain unsatisfactory.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: ι. Procedure for operating fire gases through Propellant gas generator producing deflagrations with processing of fire gas gradients in nozzle and blading arrangements and with feed leaving a blading arrangement Fire gases to one. Filling space arrangement in the company with unchangeable volume, characterized in that the counter pressure to the respective upstream blading arrangement (Ia) the internal pressure (42) of the filling space arrangement (12) brought into effect during or almost during the expansion the fire gas in the upstream blading arrangement to an increasing extent is lowered. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by lowering the in the filling space arrangement (12) generated internal pressure during or almost during the expansion of the Fire gases in the upstream blading arrangement, in which the line of internal pressure (37) in a Q-F diagram, whose Ordinates of the enthalpy of the fire gases in ^ and the abscissa of which corresponds to the percentages (V) of discharged fire gas volumes in relation to the total amount of fire gas generated per deflagration chamber, as equidistant to the expansion line (AB) or approximately as such. 3. The method according to one or more of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the fire gases are fed to the filling chamber arrangement (12) via a collecting nozzle system (11) be, according to the arrangement and training of the state of the upstream Nozzle or blading arrangement (I, Ia, 9) is adapted to emerging fire gases. 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized by collecting from the blading arrangements 577/249 Sch 112051al46 f (I, I α, 9) of escaping fire gases in the respective nozzle cross-section (I ₍₁₎ , I ₍₂₎ , I ₍₃₎ , I ₍₄₎ ) provided collecting nozzles (n ^), H (2)> H (3 )> 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by collecting from the blading arrangements (I, I α, 9) emerging fire gases in a single, collecting nozzle (11) assigned to all of the applied nozzle cross-sections (I). 6. The method according to one or more of claims ι to 4, characterized by collecting from the blading arrangements (I, I a, 9) emerging fire gases in individual, but in each case groups acting nozzle cross-sections (I ( _{1> 2} )) 1 (3.4 )) assigned collecting nozzles (11 _{{1> 2)} , II ( ₃ , 4)).
. 7. The method according to one or more of claims 4 and 6, characterized by collecting from the blading arrangements (I, I a, 9) emerging fire gases in individual collecting nozzles (H (D, H ( ₂ )> H (3)> ¹¹ U)) ) or collecting nozzle groups (ii ( _{1> 2} )> H (3,4)) as well as through the subsequent reunification of the collected fuel gas partial flows into a total flow. 8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fire gases collected in the collecting nozzle arrangement (11) in a single filling space (12) are supplied. 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized by discharge the fire gases from the filling chamber arrangement (12) via nozzle-like outlets (II; II ', II "). 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized by the application of downstream blading arrangements (II, Ha, 14) with nozzle-like outlets (13) of the filling space arrangement (12) discharged flue gases. 11. The method according to one or more of the Claims 9 and 10, characterized by the discharge of the fire gases via a single one nozzle-like outlet (13). 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized by subsequent division from the filling space arrangement (12) in the total flow discharged fire gases in individual streams and discharge of the same via nozzle-like outlets (ΙΙ ', ΙΙ "). 13. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by generation during or almost during the expansion of the fire gases in the upstream Beschaufekmgsordnung (I, Ia, 9) the voltage according to lowered internal pressure in the Filling space arrangement (12) itself. 14. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by min-, at least partial generation of the during or almost during the expansion of the fire gases in the blading arrangement (I, Ia, 9) of the voltage after reduced pressure in the housing space (26) a blading arrangement connected to the filling space arrangement (12) (II, Πα, 14). ΐ5 · The method according to claim 14, characterized by supplying the pressure reduction in the housing space (26) of the blading arrangement (Π, Πα, 14) used fire gases too Nozzle arrangements (13) upstream of this housing space above it. 16. The method according to claim 13, characterized by generating the internal pressure reduction in the filling chamber arrangement (12) even by means of tensioned gases made to expand in it, in particular one or more Deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) extracted fire gases, the. taken at a time in which a fire gas tension occurs in the chamber or chambers which corresponds to the fire gas pressure the fire gases at the end of the expansion in the nozzle or blading arrangement (I, Ia) exhibit. 17. The method according to claim 14, characterized by generating the pressure drop in the housing space (26) of the blading (II α) and thus the lowering of the internal pressure in the upstream filling space arrangement (12) by means of in the housing space (26) stressed gases made to expand, in particular by means of one or more deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) withdrawn fire gases that are withdrawn at a time in which a fire gas tension occurs in the chamber or chambers, which with corresponds to the fire gas pressure, which the fire gases at the end of the expansion in the nozzle or. Have blading arrangement (I, Ia). 18. The method according to claims 13 and 14, characterized by the simultaneous implementation of both processes. 19. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized by supplying the back pressure generation and its lowering serving fire gases via each discharge organ (18) on the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) provided, individual supply lines (i9 ₍₁₎ ; ip _{2) ; I9 ₍₃₎ ; I9 ₍₄₎ ). 20. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized by supplying the back pressure generation and its lowering serving flue gases via a common manifold (i9 ₍₁₎ , i9 ₍₂₎ , i9 _{( 3)} , i9 ( ₄ )) 21. A ^ experienced after one or more of the Claims 1 to 18, characterized by a feed for generating counter pressure and its Lowering of serving fire gases via individual, in each case to groups of discharge organs ) d V i8 ₍₁₎ , i8 ₍₂₎ , ( 18 (3), i8 ₍₄₎ ) to the deflagration) hlißd Zfüh chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) connecting feed lines (i9 ₍₁ , ₂₎ , I9 ( ₃ , 4)) 609 577/249 Sch 11205 IaI'46 f 22. The method according to one or more of claims 19 and 21, characterized by the following combination via individual (i9 ₍₁ ), i9 ( ₂ ), 19 (3), ¹ S ¹ U)) 'or group lines (19 (i, 2))! 9 (3, 4)) supplied fire gases to a total flow (20). 23. The method according to one or more of claims 20, 21 and 22, characterized by Subsequent division into total or group flows of supplied fire gases in Group (II ', II ") or individual streams. 24. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized by a Relocation of the work cycles in the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4), with the first one Chamber of fire gases taken from high voltage and subjected to expansion in a nozzle and blading arrangement (I, Ia) fire gases removed during a further chamber with lower pressure simultaneously with this expansion in the Auffüllraumanordniung (12) behind the nozzle and blading arrangement (I, Ia) as well subjected to an expansion of the same characteristics as that of the most highly stressed fire gases will. 25. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized by a Relocation of the work cycles in the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4), with the first one Deflagration chamber, extra-high voltage flue gases are taken and placed in a nozzle and Blading arrangement (I, Ia) are subjected to an expansion, during a further deflagration chamber with less, however, the initial voltage is above the internal pressure of the filling chamber arrangement (12) extracted fire gases at the same time as the expansion of the originally highly stressed ones Fire gases in turn are expanded in the filling space arrangement (12), so that the downstream Nozzle and blading arrangement (II, Ha) the originally higher tension Fire gases as exhaust gases from the nozzle and blading arrangement processing them (I, Ia) and the fire gases originally withdrawn at a lower voltage are supplied as fresh gases will. 26. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that that during the expansion of initially highly tensioned fire gases a third Chamber withdrawn fire gases with even lower, but above atmospheric pressure and are guided directly into the outflow space (22) of the nozzle and blading arrangement (Π, Πα) through which the originally taken with medium initial tension. Fire gases are carried out for the purpose of work performance. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that during the same period of time Fire gases with medium initial tension of the filling chamber arrangement (12) behind the Nozzle and blading arrangement (I, I α) are fed; through which the initially .Highest stressed fire gases are carried out for the purpose of work performance. 28. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that during the same period of time Charge air is supplied to that deflagration chamber from which the fire gases with the lowest initial voltage are taken. 29. The method according to claims 24 to 28, characterized by a regulation of the filling chamber arrangement (12, 22) supplied and flue gases withdrawn from it, in which the pressure curve of the gases in it has the same characteristics like the expansion curve in the nozzle and blading arrangement of her partially relaxed, originally highly tensioned fire gases. 30. The method according to claims 24 to 29, characterized in that the flow of fire gas to or from the space (22), the fire gases are supplied with the lowest initial pressure, is controlled so that the pressure curve in it has the same characteristics as the voltage curve in it in the fire gas path upstream filling space arrangement (12). 31. Apparatus for carrying out processes according to one or more of claims ι to 30, characterized by arrangement of filling chamber arrangements (12) in the establishment of unchangeable chamber contents -in Connection with means (11, 18, 19) for production one during or almost during the expansion of the fire gases in the respective upstream nozzle or blading arrangement voltage (I, Ia, 9) lowered internal pressure in this filling chamber arrangement. 32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized. characterized in that with the arrangement of two Nozzle and blading sets (I, Ia, 9; II, II a, 14), the one between these sets Filling chamber arrangement (12) has a volume, dej at most one tenth of the Volume of all chambers working on this filling chamber arrangement (1, 2, 3, 4) is equivalent to. 33. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that when two are arranged Nozzle and blading sets (I, Ia, 9; II, II a, 14) the one between these sets Filling chamber assembly (12) has a volume that is one tenth to one Thirtieth of the volume of all on this'; Filling chamber arrangement working chambers (1,2, 3,4) corresponds. '12 & 34. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that that each filling chamber arrangement consists of only a single filling chamber (12). 35. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that "9 577/2" Sch 112051al46 f net that each filling chamber arrangement to the upstream Nozzle and blading arrangement (I, Ia, 9) for at least one collecting nozzle arrangement (11) owns. 36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the collecting nozzle arrangement (11) as a respective group of application nozzles (I ( _{1> 2} ),! (3, 4)) assigned majority of group nozzles (11 ₍₁₂₎ , 11 ₍₃₄₎ ) is trained. 37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that in the first turbine stage (I, I a, 9) the nozzles (I _(lj2 ), I ( ₃ , ₄ )) are arranged in groups and the associated collecting nozzle arrangement also nozzle groups (ii _{( 12} ), ii ( _3j4 )). 38. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 37, characterized in that that on the opposite side of the filling chamber arrangement to the collecting nozzle arrangement (11) (12) an outlet nozzle arrangement (13) is provided. 39. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 38, characterized in that that a filling chamber (12) only has one outlet nozzle (13; II) for application the downstream blading in the direction of the fire gas. 40. Device according to one of claims 31 to 39, characterized in that the filling chamber arrangement (12) itself is associated with it Extraction organs (18) on the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) for partial quantities of fuel gas is directly related. 41. Device according to one of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that the wheel chamber spaces (26) connected to the filling chamber arrangement (12) in the fire gas path Blading arrangements (II, Ha, 14) with associated removal organs (18) the deflagration chambers (1,2,3,4) for partial amounts of fire gas in direct connection ■ (19) stand. 42. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that each discharge ^{element (18) on the deflagration chambers (1,2,3,4) €} i ^ne special feed line (19) to the filling chamber • arrangement (12) is provided. 43. A ⁷ Orrichtung according to any ^one or more of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that each group of discharge members (i'8 _(li2), i8 _(3i4)) one to the Verpuffungskammern (1, 2, 3, 4) Fauer gas group feed line (19 (^ ₂ ),! 9 (3,4)) to the filling chamber -55 arrangement is provided too. 44. Apparatus according to claim 43, characterized in that the group supply lines ( _{19 (1! 2} ). 19 (3, 4)) combine to form a common connection (20) to the single filling chamber (12). 45. Apparatus according to claim 43, characterized in that for the discharge organs (18) on the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) a fire gas animation line (20) for the filling chamber arrangement (12) is to be provided. 46. Apparatus according to claim 41, characterized in that the removal organs (18) on the deflagration chambers (1,2,3,4) oppositely arranged mouthpieces (13) the fire gas supply line to the wheel chamber space (26) of the downstream blading arrangement (Ha, 14) are designed as a nozzle arrangement (II) arranged upstream of the latter. 47. Apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that each discharge organ (ΐ8 _ω , 18 ( ₂ ), i8 (3), i8 ₍₄₎ ) on the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) a special, as a single nozzle (28 ₍₁₎ , 28 ( ₂ ), 28 ( ₃₎ , 2i8 ₍₄₎ ) formed mouthpiece is provided on each fire gas supply line. 48. Apparatus according to claim 47, characterized in that per group of discharge _{organs (i8 (lj2} ), i8 (3 _{> 4} )) on the deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) as a group nozzle (28 ( ₁₂ ), 28 ( ₃₄₎ ) formed mouthpiece is provided on each group fire gas supply line. 49. Apparatus according to claim 47, characterized in that for the associated discharge organs (18) on the deflagration chambers (1,2,3,4) εϊη designed as a collecting nozzle (II), common mouthpiece of the fire gas supply lines is provided. 50. Device according to one, more or all of claims 31 to 33, 39 to 40 and 43 to 44, characterized in that for the discharge of the fire gases from a single filling chamber (12), on the one hand with the upstream nozzle and blading arrangement (I, Ia, 9), on the other hand with deflagration chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) via fire gas discharge organs (18) is in communication, a single outlet nozzle (II) is provided. 51. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 50, characterized in that that the blading (I α) of the rotor (9) of the first turbine stage up to the openings the loading and catching nozzle arrangements (I, 11) is shielded. 52. Device according to one of claims 31 to 51, characterized in that the blades (Ha) the rotor (14) of the second and optionally the downstream turbine stages except for the openings of the outlet nozzle, the filling chamber arrangement and the catch nozzle arrangement (II, 27) are shielded. 53. Device according to claims 50 and 52, characterized in that the blades (Πα), the runner (14) the second and possibly the downstream turbine stages except for the openings of the single outlet nozzle (II) the one filling chamber (12) and the single collecting nozzle (27) are shielded. 54. Device according to one of claims 31 to 39, 41, 46 to 49, characterized in that 609 577/249 Sch 112Ö5lal46f ..riet, ".that when two nozzle and blading sets are arranged, : (I, Iö,.: 9; II, Ha, 14) the :. ::., narrowest cross-sections of the second blading set (Πα),. associated nozzles; ';,, Q of the ¹ nozzle (II), about 1.5 to 2.5 times larger; .: are.as.the. narrowest.cross-sections of the first γ.,; : Blading set (Ia) assigned nozzles or nozzle (I). ■ 55. · Device according to one of the claims ::: .31; to 40, 42 to 45 and 50 to 53, characterized that with an arrangement of two nozzles- ■■■; ■ "■ ,, and blading sets (I, Ia, 9; II, JIa, 14) . ·.: ■ the narrowest .cross-sections of the second ::. Blade set (II α) assigned nozzles ■ ".. · or nozzle: (II) are about 2.5 to 3.5 times larger :,,: as .the narrowest-en 'cross-sections of the first Be -, ..-: · ■ - .: Blade set (Ia) -associated nozzles or Nozzle (I). ■ ". ■.,: ■ ..- · ■ : ': ■. .56. Device according to one of the claims · :. .31, -bis 4Ö, 42 to 45: 5ο bis.53 and 55, characterized .gekennzeichnet that the inlets (20) of the ·. Feuergas'zufiührungsleitunigen (19) connected to the discharge organs (18) of the Verpuffungskamifnern- (ΐ, 2, 3, 4) in the filling chamber arrangement (12), in the direction of the fire gas .. seen, in front of the narrowest cross-section of the; DuisenianOTdnung (II) adjoining the Auif, filling chamber arrangement (12) ; are. ■. ■ '■:; ■■. ■. ■ '·. ■ 57. Device ¹ according to one or more of claims 31 to 56, characterized in that. in the case of a two-stage turbine part (15) of the propellant gas generator, the release organs (7) for initially highly stressed * fire gases. the nozzle arrangement (I) of the first turbine stage (I, Ia, 9) and at least: ■ ..- · one of the discharge organs (18) for lower. tensioned 'Feuefgase with a Auffüllraumanordniung (i2) are connected, the. Entlasaungsorgane controllers (7, 18) are set so d'AISS during Beaufschla - ,. · ;: '' guhg of the nozzles (I) by the anfäng ⁱ Lich highly tensioned fire gases niiedrigergespannte fire gases of Auffüllkammeranordnung (12) flow to. 58. Apparatus according to claim 57, characterized in that discharge organs (21) for extremely low-tension fire gases are connected to the outflow housing (22) of the second stage of the turbine; ^; .: .. '■■ rj, v ,,.! 5.9 .. device according to a. or. several of claims 31 to 58, characterized in that all nozzles (I),.; which are initially charged with extremely high tension fire gases, a single collecting nozzle (ii) ^{: is} assigned, to which a filling chamber arrangement (12) is connected in the fire gas path ....:: 60. Device according to one or more of: Claims 31 to 59, characterized by . group-wise arrangement of collecting nozzles (ii ( _{1; 2)} , -11 (3,4)), which are preceded by a corresponding group of loading nozzles (I ( _{1) 2} ),! (3,4)). ;>< 61. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 60, characterized in that . net that groups of collecting nozzles (ϊΐ ( _{1> 2} ), ΐΐ (3 _ι4) ). a collecting device (12) for the captured fire gases, seen in the direction of flow, is nachgedrdnet. : 62. A device according to .einem or more of claims 31 to 61, characterized in that a Fangdüsenänördnung (11) has a single filling chamber (12) in conjunction with ^':: is associated with means for supplying the collected fire gases of the filling chamber. 63. Device according to one or more of claims 31 to 62, 'characterized by ketmzeich <- . net, that the initial Feuergase'von (■ ?., .Höchstspannung AuffüllkammeT receiving arrangement (12) a number of nozzle-like outlets ^(13):; are discharged through multiple Feiuergasströme. 64. Device according to one or more ;; ■ ;; of claims 31 to 63 ,. characterized by ■ net that the volume of a Auffüllkärhmer.; (12) equal to one to five hundredths of the combined • volume of all deflagration chambers ^; (1,2,3,4) is. ''c>: · Considered publications': German patent specifications no .; 644 633, 595 537, 785,522,436; British Patent No. 619,259; ■ - Journal of the Association of German Engineers, 93: 400 and 975 (1951); Fuel, Heat, Power, Vol. 2 (1950), p. 49. 1 sheet of drawings