DEP0042477DA - Microscope objective with central reflector - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney \ d.6.

Pfef ηΡΠΠ Γ "*" M? SI® © ?, ti'ligSlie LLJJa 'jo »» d iflsäiSi & i GarmJsch - Pari-crikirchen Rafhausstr. 14 / TeL 8612

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File number ρ 42477 I £ a / 42h D

Oiiarles SPIERER _t . GfenJT (Sehweis) tmd

old aeatraleet eeflector.

g «lie @ lia © n central Eeflek ~

have gate. n. <

r © fl © ktieresade fläölat ^ from © in © r very dolmen,

made of platinum -M: -l _g öle chesiseh or dureli Q-alvano-

Meäergeselil ^ en wirfi * «sä aw®r © ο _? ias © si © only reflects a feil de® eifsf eilend ei * Idebtee and contributes to the aoeÄeren oureiilSsstg weloiier star formation of the picture φ these catfish a © mixed lighting is generated on a gray background _v which in certain cases τοη arose interest.

/ '"T01 · *. Endon / i, a reflective, hfu-bäuiOlil'-laal ^: .-» Layer i, the in the high beam geiig of a microscope stage is, but aar a sellers of Buxeladieser St? alii © a ejLrmliamt

p "-4a" s-tas goal die; jer V von Piicsonlnterferensen iat.

Ride before animal registration this German. rRteritefT'lji a publication a © device the ^ ejs ^ WiT becohri evenly (Spierer β "iaaploi de! '" JUtefasiicroeoope ä 4elaira «e bilateral posjj * 1' exasaBrisur fond elair ^fS , iirchives äea; Hcisnces Vüy ^ iy

all 44 «« o »-43e ^« ^ §®i-eB · lilt ub to.J Ij durohlHs & ige reflective pushes from constant garbage

provides what i »bucket messages from lsi! Clean fjJae- ^ Hif-, »

"AcM Zemik" sm "Uatereaetanj; ' uiiijof tirb-

ter nikroskopiecher Sräpaxatt ^M) _s 2 "S © p | ®Äb © r ¥ 1944 or the Caesarean section" of Botany Schweiz.Hatorltorschenden company stated published wordenkst (.i ^ £ l ia VeÄsiiilaageii this Ckieelleohaft "Bend lÄXII _t. If44) t eiae further AoaftQiriing ober gerftikejs fheorit ^ -f'ladet eich la an article under ten s fitel "! Ftast B ^ urolücopy ¹¹ ! Aer of 4 ^ 8. Bennett" Helen tFttpniic "Harold Oßt ^ Stri and Osoar W. Richarde in 4 @ σι "Transactions of the ^ Äserican Microscopical Society ¹ ', Volume ΜΪ" It "2 _p

The present invention

is an improvement over previously known devices, the phase interferens being used for microscopy will.

The present charge has a microscope objective with a central reflector on a 3-day basis, which is characterized by the fact that the reflector has a film made of semi-permanent material (made of metal or discrete material), the blcfce or diameter of the optical axis Periphery Ma sich Sni © rt »^ ntwilii atoeiaealf

constant toleite »« |

& -11-) The attached statement represents a seteaateter

Kind of four example details of the erfiadeiggge-Misses objective.

Until Fig. 1 to 4 show »an axial section of a file of a ^ © tea execution form *

fig »1 is aalt 1 is the front lens of one

shown »äeese» optleeiie axis ^ aIt

2 is designated. In iitser Maee an a "Btraler Hefltlctor is provided OCE from hite" reflective Filaecliiekt 5 b®steht from h & lb & urchlgeslgesB material _s daa το "Move the optical Äcfase ais ssine moire. Dicbte ateehaesd changes · This FIIA extends a« r over ueen midsection the mass eaä divided eiaeij extremely dtt »» e »!! aaielme & sw« eia © layer, the® »diclite suneiiaeBä given BaM absitamt and

thus at its ferlpiierie it is more translucent than in its aittleren feil «With 4 and 5 the outer rays of the light cone passing the Filza 5 are β» light cone feezsialm © t _? which illuminates the object 6 «The opening is set in such a way that the reflector formed by ten to» film 3 is interrupted, thanks to its transparency, a ¹ SeIl dee Liatatts can pass through and another »filament is thrown back onto the object · Bie ¥ Όΐι object diffracted «« erstreuten and reflected Stratilen _f which to it "Heflektor 3 pass around» suffer any Inteneitäteeinbiieee by absorption. They also wore the interior of the image to hold the reflector-penetrating direct StreÄlem feel »the latter achieves» a certain »ferlmst en lat @ agitet on the Hiiie i © s reflector , be it» due to absorption »iwrch & efl @ xioa or d .by Stremitag “ At diosea level I suffer a bias bondage” and the thickness of the HalMur egg-like layer often! Eeflektors eioh. ewlschen gwei Sr® ».awtrt © n Isdertj which more or less large fractions in the wavelength of lightβ 6msimcb.ea» Ototer this Beöingaiigeii $ rhälikan

A picture of the Segenataniee on eiatK glealieii dark and iieste picture igt special rich en liastliMitea »because the Aajplltttdenkontraet (eohf? areer middle ground) and ier WhM" Benkontvme.t (saoh Zernike) eugute good ·

As a result of the Satsaohe, iase & mr reflector # smetatt Uber & ll gleiotaaäasig thick or more tightly zn * as in dta fei she rf, Jf en lenses »one to» centroE against the

If you have variable thickness or density, can you make it significantly larger than before without affecting the quality of the image? This is the opposite noticeably verbasaert, d © -man. a larger illumination & ~ opening is used, which is just as large as in normal microscopy on lieilea (fc 'and *) while maintaining the dark background

BsnJi of the lighting salt; large Oeffawng be the Interfere "" patrol "suppressed that normally sit a · Ädtrtrseits to small BeleuohtungeUffnung (coherent» Iticht) estet @ .bea _t and liäufig very et act örenä is due exerts Satsaeije that the Objtkt from below Mash above illuminating Üefatiisgel is stronger, except for 4 on the object ie uüägekahrt & n senses iurüe ^ eworfen® light cone imt & nsiwBT, dare the BiM ». However, due to the duxoh you structures of this object 3 rays reflected 3 rays are available · The lighting old large opening, which was formed through this ex"-. 5! O§iielrfe is permitted, the duroiifting of a part of the microscopy work on Ättateslii 0rund under ftxwfaiiiag nasty stoliosis can be fagfslichtts _t what kind of low lying he ~ is ice di® rejection tos artificiality Moht *

liöli one can ianlc d © r ffüsstres imsaasse ies Eefltktorg a »Mr% incident light bundle for ©» rsateB _f oto der forteil © äse dluiskeln S-rcaäes vfrlmstig «m go«

Up to HtRsenrsrsehiebussg, which the rays diffracted at the height of the eyelet of the object in the Paletia © s Bmeeagitter, 3 «n & ok ler thickness and the nature of the object are much more important or less. As a result, ee was swr until today

Shifting the rays by a compensating amount, so that the phase contrast for a given object is created can »necessary * try out a series of phase plates of Yersehied thickness * around the one to find out whose thickness produced the desired effect "

With the gate direction according to the invention, this complication can be termed, since in reality everyone material point of the object is penetrated by numerous rays of light that point to zone »Tersehiedener Dicht © or Thickness in the semi-permanent layer or in which the "electrical layer meet" where the compensating Shift in that zone of Tollzug, the density or thickness of which is adequate.

Besides, could one choose a certain zone for the passage of the direct rays? _{by inserting a small, opaque metal disc, ζ * Β β,} made of metal into the diaphragm support ring of the condenser (with the diaphragm being completely open) »which is provided with a circular slot τοη a suitable diameter» the hollow cylinder »which would go through this slot, would then be concentrated on the reflector by the condenser and the lenses of the objective, where it would form a thin ring of power corresponding to the passage of the light rays through the limited zone.

One could use a number of similar umbrellas * whose circular slits are more or less small in diameter

had., a böetliamte sou «de® Heflektor® for the passage of the gur lighting serving» Molitts select © ».

The pin 5 buys "either from solid or dielectric. ^ .Steriai besteljeru iÄetatt as is described Sei"? Piol simply su selvi ₉ Itaan er auoh. doubly assgeMldet »as in the Fig» 2 aogegeljen «is case 4 the latter figm ^s « tor reflector toti a film 1 aas iielektriiseivss Ifeiterial formed, which »» a '"metallic filament 3a is superimposed» The bead of these two branches is nismt from an optiaetem Aoh.se BXi towards the periphery Mc. Self-veretSndlllcb. is on this figure, as iibrigsno ea £ all "other figures, the difference of this fila® gterfc open drives" represents _s to carrion ax * etenclsls , besides, leans in «all these Ä» sfiferiiaf: sfö »B @ B the change in thickness they the graphic Boretellwjig a Biclite & tenaag concerns part wtrieiis

Dtr öuroh. the Verwenä'uaag Öer beitsa liag «a» t © n films in the -iwge form £ w @ ok is äie aeg Se »ilii" @ «fftlrtts 4er Ph & ^ enkomp ^ nsation.

Ie falls »n» e 4ie form i @ s gweifaöiieit Mtmimkua 7 »5 eiatfi 0chä.ä deliver IiBflass aaf the fusktioniereo. who had, could «« as these © errors by Afiiteraag d @ r itr Biese aÄtlfes »

In the gero & s Hg, 3 embodiment, the reflective, acidic film 3t also has a heel thickness or density _f from © r in the case nSjmat the bead or dart tob the optical axis against the periphery is called ea »

This arrangement requires the previous two embodiments to illuminate this object 6 by means of a fetch »» Xdohtk & gel, to the dark 6-nmci si »give» and aux the direct rays of a noticeable Piissen- « subject to shift "

In a variant ä @ i * ^ ig ₈ 3 aea for Aie Ättsöilaiö'ig ¹ des Keflektore sueli the superimposition of sfieder films ¥ erseM # d # atr fcatur vors6-Ä # ii » z, B ₉ a setalll-» n miä , a large flla «la jfailci i« i i'ig. 4 weift tae ÖöjeirtiT © Sue thin «

ebeii © Soiisil »8 on _t you in Äer optical axis 2 gel« gea 1st »on ate sei Seimii» is siola iti * l # fl © fctor _P who in this case of © i »ea ketalIfilia 7a and 8ia © B dariiböj? lieg @ iiiitii ÄXei 5c aa, e ditfiektriachea «i.terial gobiXiiöt becomes» the slip QÄ «r density οόΐάβΓ ^ iloe niaci-'c from dar o./tisalitii Äöiis © 2 Itgtii die ^ ripherie Mn ato _e Di® transparent setiiälöe 8 core either inside or above the

se O'bJ «iiti ¥ ee angterdfiet gel * inclined woz ^ sa is» icea »der Heflektor eatweo4« r doubly aetaliist% # dielectric or mixed trained stia «ilinieateas m-iiie der filmsohiohten

-tinsc or am 'an i » over optlsehea axis

aiOiiiigGii öoiiöibe aaftordaet seia ₈ Ia its bio Iota ^ iiuöCiii'JLvibeaon Äsispieisa extended the ice or mshrartm ifilaechiohten only tffeer ita sittler © »feil des Durchtrlttiai that other reflector could also be 4» other reflector shape

eich extends over des gaaseti Dttrelitrittifttireetiaitt ütn- Liciifbiatels »

Ia the fst Jesus the Beflektor © toe Baefateil prefigures the vegetable flaeii «der, uinse 1 baw # the disc 8 extend ».8ge & et £ i _f diaes his Mcfce οκν. neiiu uicte in the idoht rays diffracted by the aa

small is »aces dies s« none noticeable:? liR3envfc / -c.öhle »gives.

Objectively köiaitt · aaoh a »film ems halMuroh l & aaxg & m material το» koastssttr x »iok © aufweiseiii where äi # g®r film and a semi-durite lasslg ^ r reflective PiIa from Sriaerader JÄok © eier Biohte Sbei * eissjiterg © would be stored« both α lila © zoxmten. tsh dei “be the same or the same” can “be made of metal sometimes change from dielectric” iSet “i * iai öesteilen”

i) he & oppelte use © inta setallisclitB films0 feaftst «iter thickness or l> ieht #, white oak Ster άβη ga» Dorcatritta ^ uer «cut of the radiation rays © rs * tr @ ekt _t iilt refiek.tieren <iefi _s IttilbiÄKJhläigtn by variable ocktri "ioiji"", but the use of this can be achieved by means of the cross-sectional calculation of the light rays

experimentally determined / 'iass sioii in the

Use of an eich on the gaasea X / urchtrittsquereohnitt Äea ajiolites extending i ^ eflektors you fconataater Bioke or the following

If you insert a washer made of © benefit glass into the exit pupil of the lens carrier "(ie above the I &nsensvsteia)" äsreti gas. " Surface sit a you "" Neii _f hslbaurchlaeriigeii Oolclechieht ron constant pick is covered mii weim sow the object of a kit is "? ! ## & Mchtbün & el beleuohtet (conduit blends closed as far as possible), stalls iaao f «it | äazs the · intorating strips, wslöh, © without Verwsadarj; dor vsrgoldetcn üntörlsigsaohelbe had the outlines of the picture and the quality of the latter deteriorated _f Sitrch di @ effect of the öolcifiloee irerschwundsn 0ind, "iii the β man icta & ®iloaes picture eiiiSlt * Kun igt the lighting by means of 6 ! Bf en light mini ice cream very well., 4a it was the farfelos® »fine. Structures (see e.g. living Bassillea) visible maioht »the as.ter of a lighting © It grSsserey Oeffnmig isisiÄ. stay affordable. In the case of 4 exposure with very small öeffa.ae.g, on the other hand, disadvantageous interferem stripes aiii optical aberration detectors ("artefacts"} ι attf _t dl © 'fa_ # lai vor · eln goldeaer öhterlagssehetben ontträrüefet weMea.

This Baenoisen explains ei oh öuroh the kSraige

In the case of the anti-opaque scattering, which is otherwise metal-free, there is often a tendency for the mc fete to fall on the level of the corrugated layers. The light created by the grainy layer is lost for the formation of the bilie, since it is deflected in its βμτί & β, Ιβϊι direction "after it has passed through the Mn" stneysteii * But this loss of brightness affects significantly the diffracted rays »

ΐι » ¹ origin τοίι Intt.Tttreiigstrglileii islass give» as the geometritieät Üetitbtfcdel * Ia de fact the clirtlrfc © (geometrical) Xdchtbünd ©! only a small flat part in the middle i «r gtrtiieai ©» Sotiieöt »wilTOiiti the diffracted rays penetrate the sharp eyes and in a result they are significantly weakened ·

la eggs Beleuehtung on duaakelm basic (liardlol & e or central umbrella) occur ebenfailö usually on drilling or less disturbing strips duroh CIIE use g © Met * r & Unterlagesohei en toedeatend gsmlMei't ₉ when suppressing GaAs ·

Her SeMfils kSiaate eb & neo ti «· * a ^ f the fiäekie eiaer € er aces should be brought instead of on the e * e # * i« löiterlagßsoheibe. lies üelä Scisate duroh other metals "like a" B "by ^ letia" ÄliaHiiii "" StAl etc. © rgetst .tui-eli ö ;; yd "?. aion from '-" talMtiäpieii obtained "si aioh on ulus, äljscnc lüentic üxydö oxidizable he stalle would fulfill dts _fc , l «ions ^ -jeek e«.

UeMissfiioii Iciimtea ilttalltaiicnen Qäex · their Oxjd © in iäilGiiesföJfii auoli in aie 8-lasasese eixnrarloibt ntrita Bar aiaA "clsr HhsrtlMahs never <3 asergeacalag®n im not" aurte s on duak «lm & roaä _f as this is the case in tea aa beeoJarieben« »examples» goad © »aae ^ tine? er'oes # 0rt» g cleg image on pens Srwtä, which is useful for certain cases »

Claims (1)

1 ") microscope objective with a central reflector, characterized" in that the reflector film eleventh ame semipermeable © ^ material having "sieve whose thickness or density of the optical axis toward the periphery ¥ it changes" 2 «) microscope objective according to spoke 1, characterized by the fact that the film aas metal ordered» ims on or is eia @ a permeable carrier is deposited , 5.) ilikroslc © iiobjectiv »aeh itoepfaeii 1» characterized by the fact that the film made of dielectric material is ordered _β 4) microscope objective nse.li claims 1 tmi 2, characterized in that it has 6 films on top of each other - 4 of which are metal and others are made of dielectric material » 5 ·) lä.kroBJf © p © 'b | el £ tlT according to Asprmch 1 "characterized" that at least one of the filae is on a ground · o #) iiilirosteopofojöictiv according lnsprasii! »ciattarob gekeßiiiiülciinöti Äaee iBindeoteiis one of the films on or befiaiete iss inside a durchslchtigeti, ia ier optical axis arranged to Selieib © 7 «) microscope objective aacÄ AasprmoÄ 1» äeiuxoh marked _v that the fila only extends a length of 4 © s DurolitrltteQuereoimlttee des Mchtbtinäele · 8.) JjüiciOskopobJektiY according to claim 1, characterized in that the fills fiber da »gan & en- through- the cross-section of the light bundle extends. 9 ·) Microcope objective according to claim. 1 »through it getemigeictmet that the reflector aoob eiaeii further PiIa aas haibäÄrshläesliieffl material of constant thickness or Biotrte has ^ ^ e% # 4- iisser iilm and the film old changes of such thickness or dense © Ibereineniei ^{1 have} lurked »10.) MUnroscope objective according to M-aprWcheB · 4 .- * && · * 9 _S thereby gefcemiseiöt »et, 4sss the two 4a-ίΐΒβ ^ ϊΐΐοίΑ — 9-i ^s wilis * e» film © won the same kind siai » 13 », 5 .liiroskopobjolrtiT aaob. AnüpriTch-e »-i-4» ir-9 »thereby gefcenasGiolmetp the« • ¥ «i - '^> fr4 ^^^ ae4 ^: * Äiaea der © iae mma metal and 4er entere ordered from arterial»