DE977866C - Certain fillers for plastics - Google Patents
Certain fillers for plasticsInfo
- Publication number
- DE977866C DE977866C DEE27772A DEE0027772A DE977866C DE 977866 C DE977866 C DE 977866C DE E27772 A DEE27772 A DE E27772A DE E0027772 A DEE0027772 A DE E0027772A DE 977866 C DE977866 C DE 977866C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- plastics
- fillers
- graphite
- certain fillers
- carbon black
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/404—Refractory metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
In der Hochfrequenztechnik werden seit langem wegen ihrer hervorragenden mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften in großem Umfange Kunststoffe eingesetzt. Die Dielektrizitätskonstante Sr = ε/— ys" und die Permeabilität μτ = μ/~~Υ μ" solcher Stoffe lassen sich durch Zusatz von Füllstoffen, sogenannten Pigmenten, in weitem Bereich variieren, was die Verwendungsmöglichkeit solcher Kunststoffe erheblich erweitert. So haben im Gebiet der Mikrowellentechnik solche Werkstoffe mit hohen elektrischen oder magnetischen Verlusten große Bedeutung erlangt, da es in diesem Bereich der Hochfrequenz nicht mehr möglich ist, Wirkwiderstände durch konzentrierte Bauelemente zu verwirklichen.In high-frequency technology, plastics have long been used on a large scale because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The dielectric constant S r = ε / - ys " and the permeability μ τ = μ / ~~ Υ μ" of such substances can be varied over a wide range by adding fillers, so-called pigments, which considerably expands the possibility of using such plastics. In the field of microwave technology, for example, materials with high electrical or magnetic losses have become very important, since in this high frequency range it is no longer possible to achieve effective resistances using concentrated components.
Zur Herstellung solcher Kunststoffe mit hohen elektrischen Verlusten wurden bisher den als Bindemittel dienenden Kunststoffen schlecht leitende Pigmente wie Ruß Oder Graphit zugesetzt. Solange die Volumenkonzentration dieser Pigmente so gering ist, daß eine gegenseitige Berührung nicht stattfindet, lassen sich jedoch nur Verlustwinkel von tan (5,<o,i erreichen. Dabei steigt ε/ beträchtlich an, während im gesamten Mikrowellenbereich μ/?αι ist. Häufig, z. B. in der Absorbertechnik, ist ein größerer Verlustwinkel unentbehrlich. Es liegt nahe,In order to produce such plastics with high electrical losses, poorly conductive pigments such as carbon black or graphite have been added to the plastics used as binders. As long as the volume concentration of these pigments is so low that a mutual contact does not take place, however, can only loss angle tan (5, i reach <o. Here ε / increases considerably, while μ throughout the microwave range /? Is αι. Frequently , e.g. in absorber technology, a larger loss angle is essential.
109 648/8109 648/8
einen solchen durch Erhöhung des Füllfaktors zu erreichen. Diese Maßnahme führt auch zu dem gewünschten Erfolg, jedoch beruht dieser auf einem hinzukommenden neuen Effekt. Der Mischkörper erhält nämlich dabei eine von den statistisch verteilten Kontaktstellen abhängige Leitfähigkeit.to achieve this by increasing the fill factor. This measure also leads to that desired success, but this is based on an additional new effect. The mixed body namely, receives a conductivity that is dependent on the statistically distributed contact points.
Der Unterschied zwischen einzeln wirksamen Körnern und leitendem Mischkörper wird, bei etwas vereinfachter Betrachtungsweise, verständlich, wenn ίο man bedenkt, daß der spezifische Widerstand von Ruß und Graphit zu gering ist, um genügend Feldenergie je Korn zu vernichten. Erst die zusätzliche Energieumwandlung in den Übergangswiderständen der Berührungsstellen des eingebetteten Pig-X5 ments bewirkt eine sprunghafte Zunahme des elektrischen Verlustwinkels, der durch Änderung des Füllfaktors nach wie vor in weiten Grenzen einstellbar bleibt.The difference between individually effective grains and conductive mixed body becomes, with something simplified approach, understandable if ίο you consider that the specific resistance of Soot and graphite are too low to destroy enough field energy per grain. First the additional Energy conversion in the contact resistance of the contact points of the embedded Pig-X5 ments causes a sudden increase in the electrical Loss angle, which can still be set within wide limits by changing the fill factor remain.
Dabei treten aber auch erhebliche Schwierigkeiten auf, denn die Konstanz der eingestellten Verluste ist überwiegend abhängig von den Kontaktwiderständen des Pigments, und die geringste Volumenänderung des Bindemittels ändert beträchtlich Koritaktfläche, Kontaktdruck und Kontaktzahl. Durch künstliches Altern lassen sich zwar die einmal eingestellten Konstanten über längere Zeit auch bei thermischen und klimatischen Belastungen einigermaßen stabil halten; bei Folien aber führen starke mechanische Beanspruchungen, wie Knittern und Dehnen, unmittelbar zu bleibenden Veränderungen. Diese geringe Zuverlässigkeit ist, trotz vieler sonstiger Vorteile, der Grund für die bisher beschränkten Einsatzmöglichkeiten.However, there are also considerable difficulties, because the set losses are constant is mainly dependent on the contact resistance of the pigment, and the least The change in volume of the binder significantly changes the surface area, contact pressure and number of contacts. Through artificial aging, the constants that have been set can also be used over a longer period of time keep reasonably stable under thermal and climatic loads; but lead with foils strong mechanical stresses, such as creasing and stretching, lead to permanent changes. This low reliability is, despite many other advantages, the reason for the so far limited uses.
Die Bemühungen zur Behebung dieser Mängel erschöpften sich bisher in der Suche nach besonders geeigneten Kunststoffen in Verbindung mit eingegossenen Geweben, die eine Dehnung bei Zugbelastung herabsetzen sollen. Jedoch konnten auch dann Veränderungen des Mischkörpers durch innere Prozesse und thermische oder mechanische Belastung nicht völlig vermieden werden.Efforts to remedy these deficiencies have so far been limited to the search for particularly suitable plastics in connection with cast-in fabrics, which stretch when subjected to tensile loads should reduce. However, changes in the mixed body could then also be caused by internal processes and thermal or mechanical stress cannot be completely avoided.
Die Erfindung geht aus von dem Gedanken, daß die Erzeugung elektrischer Verluste nicht von der höchst unsicheren Kontaktgabe des eingebetteten Pigments abhängen darf, was eine Folge der bisher verwendeten Füllstoffe war. Erfindungsgegenstand ist die Verwendung von Si, SiC, TiC, ZrC, TiB2, CaB6, FeS2 und/oder ZnO und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich von Aluminium, Ruß und/oder Graphit als Füllstoffe für Kunststoffe mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstante von mehr als ε/ = 3 zum Herstellen von elektrisch verlustreichen Hochfrequenz- Werkstoffen.The invention is based on the idea that the generation of electrical losses must not depend on the extremely unsafe contacting of the embedded pigment, which was a consequence of the fillers used hitherto. The subject of the invention is the use of Si, SiC, TiC, ZrC, TiB 2 , CaB 6 , FeS 2 and / or ZnO and optionally also aluminum, carbon black and / or graphite as fillers for plastics with a dielectric constant of more than ε / = 3 for the production of high-frequency materials with high electrical losses.
Bevorzugt wird Si und SiC wegen der in weiten Grenzen einstellbaren spezifischen Leitfähigkeit und wegen des Vorhandenseins einer nichtleitenden SiO2-HaUt verwendet. Durch die Verwendung zusätzlicher Pigmente zu diesen Materialien, z. B. Al, Ruß und Graphit, kann die komplexe Dielektrizitätskonstante er weitgehend beliebig eingestellt werden, wobei selbstverständlich darauf geachtet werden muß, daß die Füllfaktoren nicht isolierter leitfähiger Pigmente so gering bleiben, daß Übergangswiderstände und die damit verbundenen Nachteile ausgeschaltet sind.Si and SiC are preferably used because of the specific conductivity that can be set within wide limits and because of the presence of a non-conductive SiO 2 skin. By using additional pigments to these materials, e.g. B. Al, carbon black and graphite, the complex dielectric constant e r can be set largely arbitrarily, although it must of course be ensured that the fill factors of non-isolated conductive pigments remain so low that contact resistance and the associated disadvantages are eliminated.
Die bei erfindungsgemäßer Verwendung hergestellten Stoffe eignen sich beispielsweise für die Verwendung in der Absorbertechnik infolge ihrer Gewichtsersparnis gegenüber magnetischen Absorbern bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Bautiefe und infolge Fehlens von Alterungserscheinungen. Sie können ferner vorteilhaft als Hohlleiterbauteile verwendet werden, und zwar sowohl als Dämpfungsglieder, Lastwiderstände wie auch als Hohlleiterabschlüsse. In der Antennentechnik können sie zur Dämpfung von Beugungserscheinungen an Kanten, z. B. von Hohlspiegeln benutzt werden. Jedoch ist ihre Anwendung auf die vorstehend genannten Gebiete nicht beschränkt, sondern sie können mit Erfolg überall dort angewendet werden, wo Kunststoffe mit hohen elektrischen Verlusten für hohe Frequenzen verlangt werden.The substances produced when used according to the invention are suitable, for example, for use in absorber technology due to their weight savings compared to magnetic absorbers with a simultaneous reduction in the construction depth and as a result of the absence of signs of aging. They can also be used advantageously as waveguide components, both as attenuators, load resistors and as waveguide terminations. In antenna technology, they can be used to attenuate diffraction phenomena at edges, z. B. be used by concave mirrors. However, their application is in the aforementioned fields not restricted, but they can be used with success wherever plastics with high electrical losses for high frequencies are required.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEE27772A DE977866C (en) | 1964-09-15 | 1964-09-15 | Certain fillers for plastics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEE27772A DE977866C (en) | 1964-09-15 | 1964-09-15 | Certain fillers for plastics |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE977866C true DE977866C (en) | 1971-11-25 |
Family
ID=7072914
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEE27772A Expired DE977866C (en) | 1964-09-15 | 1964-09-15 | Certain fillers for plastics |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE977866C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010005020A1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-09-01 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Composite material useful in moldings, which are useful e.g. for conducting and dissipating heat and as heat conductive materials, comprises a polymer, copolymer or a mixture of several polymers and/or copolymers, and a first filler |
-
1964
- 1964-09-15 DE DEE27772A patent/DE977866C/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010005020A1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-09-01 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Composite material useful in moldings, which are useful e.g. for conducting and dissipating heat and as heat conductive materials, comprises a polymer, copolymer or a mixture of several polymers and/or copolymers, and a first filler |
DE102010005020B4 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2019-12-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Use of a shaped body made of a thermally conductive composite material for heat dissipation |
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