DE965516C - Electrical circuit breaker and associated contacts - Google Patents

Description

(WiGBl. P. 175)

ISSUED JULY 11, 1957

M 6o86VIIIbl2ic

The invention relates to electrical circuit breakers and contacts intended therefor, in which a compliant component is built in to not only ensure the uniformity of pressure between the fixed and moving contacts in the contact position, but also a certain elasticity to compensate for offsets and other errors during the sliding or switch-on period to ensure. For this purpose it is common to use steel springs, which sometimes are not only as an elastic element and support element, but also as an electrical connection element While more common, other additional flexible electrical connectors act to be provided.

It is necessary to provide mechanical support for both the fixed and the moving parts, and these support elements must be ^{effective in most or in many cases through independent 1} , isolating bearings. Devices that incorporate metal springs with associated electrical conductors, insulators, and supports are often intricate in design. It is known to embed the pins and sockets of a plug coupling in rubber in order to eliminate inaccuracies in the alignment of the parts.

709 582/92

same. It has also already been proposed that the two of the switching elements of a disconnector with the cutting knife cooperating contact lamellas in the direction of the contact pressure to support a rubber liner in a housing surrounding the two contact blades. In order to allow a yield in the direction of the contact pressure, the contact blades are loose attached to their current-conducting base. During the ίο switching process, however, the cutting knife The force transmitted to the contact lamellas is not from the rubber pads, but from the direct metallic connection between the contact blades and their base added, Is this contact lamellae can therefore only in the direction perpendicular to the closing direction of the Contacts give way, and since the rubber liners are only very thin and only subjected to pressure the possibility of giving in is also very small.

The invention consists in the fact that in the event of an electrical current interruption, the mechanical Connection between the contact-making means and their drivers or holders solely via one or more rubber elements he follows. With such a design, the rubber elements can displace one another compensate for the parts making contact within relatively wide limits and Attenuate vibrations during the switching process. Nevertheless, they ensure uniformity the pressure between the contact-making means.

Rubber can only really be used effectively in thrust if it is bound to metal is, and it is a purpose of this invention, from the particularly low stiffness modulus against occurring shear stress, as evidenced by the possibility of connecting the rubber with Metal results in taking advantage.

In devices according to the present invention, the rubber is accordingly in the direction in which a high degree of mobility is necessary, stressed on thrust during the Rubber is subjected to compression in the direction in which high pressures and low movement are required will. However, sometimes it is possible and desirable to get special results too achieve thrust and pressure loads to an approximately predetermined extent unite.

In a circuit breaker according to the invention, the contact-making means are in rubber . stored on the contact and a driver or holder or on with such contacts and Carriers or holders connected to metallic parts is intimately bound.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. Ι is a metal contact part and a rubber bushing mounting for this, the bearing bushing being shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a slight modification, in which the contact forms the inner metal part of the rubber bushing mount;

Fig. 3 is a section of a contact part for a pressure load where high pressures and small movements are desired between contacts;

Fig. 4 is an example of the storage of contacts in a moving contact carrier; Fig. 5 gives a view perpendicular to Fig. 4; FIGS. 6 and 7 are views similar to FIGS. 4 and 5 another construction with rubber mountings subjected to shear stress;

Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment; Fig. 9 is a section of an embodiment with contacts whose rubber mounts are subjected to thrust and where the movable contacts have fixed contacts in a U-profile or shell shape work together;

Figures 10 and 11 are at right angles to each other standing, views of another embodiment, in which the rubber mounting is primarily is subjected to torsion;

Figure 12 is a sectional view of another construction of a torsionally loaded one Storage of the contact means.

Moving contacts can be constructed in such a way that they can move freely when subjected to shear stress and restrained or moved against pressure resistance only to a much more limited extent can be. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the contact has the shape of a cylindrical Rod 20 · or forms part of such a rod, which is supported by an inner metal part 21 a rubber bushing 22 or even forms the inner member, as in the example of Fig. 2 is shown. The outer metal part of the rubber bushing consists of a metal tube or ring 23, and the annular space between the inner part 21 and the outer part 23 is covered with rubber filled, which is bonded to or welded to both surfaces. To an equality or approximate equality of the area of the bushing bonded to the inner and outer metal parts ensure that the length of the surface connected to the inner part can be greater than that on the outer ring, and the rubber is therefore conical or tapered at the ends as at 24. The contact rod2O is in the inner metal part 21 by any means, e.g. B. fixed by a pin 25, which extends through the part and through a bore 26 in the rod. With such a Construction will move the inner contact 20, 21 in the direction of the axis of the socket against shear resistance move, which can be varied within wide limits by changing the dimensions of the rubber. Such thrust resistance is much less than the resistance to lateral movements, i.e. to a vertical movement to the axis, since in this case the rubber on one side of the ring is mainly due to pressure and on the other hand is subjected to tensile stress. With this type of construction is also a considerable Resistance to clipping of the inner metal part

to the outer metal member, this resistance being in large measure of depends on the length. It is natural that the shape of the rubber member changes depending on the conditions can be. For example, both ends can be substantially flat while also being one End can be flat and the other conical or tapered to, as mentioned above, the equality of the binding surfaces on the inner and outer

ίο Share to get.

The construction of FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. I, only the contact rod has an enlarged connection end and an enlarged contact shoe 2. "], the rubber-coated surface on this being semi-cylindrical.

In Fig. 3, the contact rod 20 has side parts 28, and the rubber part 29 is with the surface these parts and the opposite face of a plate 30 connected with means, like 31, is provided for connection to a driver.

During this contact, the rubber is essentially subjected to pressure and its resistance against movement is great.

Contacts of the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 can also be varied so that the rubber element lies between two flat panes, creating a rubber liner that yields in the direction of thrust forms. In such designs, the rods, which have a flattened cross-section may have on their opposite sides over rubber with preferably each other connected outer parts and so a double, yielding in the direction of thrust Form a rubber liner.

With this design, an axial movement can take place with relatively great freedom, since only shear stresses or shear stresses are generated. A movement perpendicular to the Axis is opposed in one direction by compressive forces resistance, and in directions at right angles to this, only a shear resistance occurs.

The contacts can also be attached so that the rubber is stressed to rotate. To the For example, the contact can be formed at one end of an arm carried by a rod which forms or is held by the inner part of a rubber bushing bearing.

The movement of the contact then creates torsional stresses on the rubber. Such Movements are relatively unhindered, while movements in other directions Generate resistances of higher order of magnitude.

The rubber bushing does not need to be limited to bearings of a circular cylindrical shape to be; z. B. bearings with an oval cross-section or acting in one direction Bearing bushes are used which have a series of resistance surfaces with spiral Have contour. In such disposable structures, the rubber is fully utilized, so that the necessary Elasticity can be obtained with small components. Next the rubber needs from one more or less annular shape not to be contiguous. He can z. B. interrupted be forming a kind of approximately circular U-elements.

These contacts can be attached to the end of an arm by which they engage a fixed rail or contact can be swung. The arm can be attached to a peg or bearings of conventional design or a bearing that consists of a vulcanized rubber bushing, attached or attached to a flexible arm. It can continue in some cases it may be desirable to move the contacts directly towards or away from the busbar, although the sliding component of motion that makes making a good electrical Contact connection supported, does not exist. It goes without saying that the mentioned Movements are relative, i.e. that is, the bus bar can be attached so that it is moved while the fixed holding devices for the contact bearing bushes are fixedly arranged.

In the particular embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5, there are four such contacts with ends or shoes 27, which to facilitate friction and a good contact surface type, rounded in one direction and spread in the other direction, from the rubber bushings 22 held so that they are approximately perpendicular to the direction of the fixed contact or the rail 32 can move relatively freely under the shear stress of the rubber. the outer metal parts 23 of the bearing bushes are fixed in a fixed frame 33, 34 which is attached to the End of the swinging or rotating arm 35 is attached. Since the contacts themselves are through the Rubber are isolated from the arm, they can be connected to the main conductors by flexible conductors 36 be connected. The ends of the contacts can be detachably connected to the rods to facilitate replacement if they are damaged by arcing or otherwise are; and they can also be made of a different material than that used for the rods be made to resist destruction.

Although reference is only made to a group of four contacts, it will be understood that too a smaller or larger number can be combined in the same storage method. if disc-shaped contacts are used, the plate or plates of the disc contacts, which is or are connected to the arm, be arranged so that they are in the direction of the sliding movement of the elements, when they slide along the contact rails, a pressure or tilting resistance oppose.

An example of a disk-shaped mounting of the contact is given in FIGS. 6 and 7, in which the metal contact 20 represents the inner metal part of a double disc contact arrangement.

represents, in which the rubber fillings are denoted by 37 and the outer metal parts are denoted by 38 Rails or plates are. These rails run parallel at a distance from each other and are attached to the driver arm 35, from which flexible metal conductor 39 to an extension 40 of the contact rod or rail are guided. Of course, if desired, the rods 38 themselves serve as swinging arms. The fixed contact bar is denoted by 32 as before.

However, as shown in FIG. 8, the arrangement can also be reversed and the contact can by a semicircular or otherwise rounded end of a U-shaped line rail 41 are formed, the rubber elements 22 subjected to shear stress from a middle Part are supported, the middle metal part 42 on the vibrating or otherwise movable Arm 35 is attached or forms part of this. In this case is an engagement surface easy to obtain from a large radius. It can be seen that in all cases the external and inner parts of a bushing or disk bearing can be exchanged so that the one one movable contact and the other form the holding or carrying device therefor. Pliable Conductors for the contact can be attached as at 43, for example.

When using the contact, as shown in Fig. 9, the fixed contact or rail can the In the form of a U-rail 320- and the resiliently mounted contacts 20 can be at the end of the swinging arm 35 may be arranged laterally so that they are in opposite directions under the contact pressure Move directions against the inner surfaces of the flanges 32 δ of the U-rail. The flanges or sides of the U-rail can be sloped or flared outward to engage to facilitate. Flexible conductors to the resiliently mounted contacts are indicated at 36. Two fixed side plates corresponding to the webs can form a complete Replace the U-rail. In this design, the rubber bushings or pairs of contacts would be coaxial with one another and lie parallel to the mounting of the arm when this mounting is rotatable.

In a further embodiment, the fixed rail may be formed by a hollow contact member from FIG be replaced circular or other cylindrical or polygonal shape. The movable link is in in this case in a direction parallel to the axis of the fixed contact, so that the movable, Contacts mounted in rubber protrude more or less radially. The open side of the Fixed contact can expediently be opened or expanded to facilitate engagement.

With another type of device, with less flexibility and correspondingly higher If pressures are desired between the contact surfaces, the rubber bearing can be arranged in such a way that that it must give way above all to torsional and compressive stress. In the one shown in FIG and 11 given example is a series of contacts 44 attached with a curved outline on the outer sleeves of the rubber bushings 45 or forms these, the inner sleeves 46 being fastened to one of the cheeks 48 of the swing arm 35 Bolts or axle 47 are mounted. Each of these parts 44 may be formed to be curved area touches the fixed contact or the rail 32, this shaped Part is rounded so that it gives a sufficient concentration of the pressure. the Sides of these curved parts are connected to the conduit element via flexible conductors 49 (Fig. 10) of the swinging arm. To allow relative movement between the inner part of the To prevent the bearing bushing and the bolt on which it is fastened is a key 50 with a keyway or an equivalent connection in place of a press connection is desirable.

In a modification of this construction, the curved portion 44 of FIG. 12 on a be mounted bearing bush 51 open on one side, wherein the middle part of the bushing by a cylindrical extension 52 of the end of the vibrating Arm 35 is formed so that the rubber extend upward to some extent can and both with the neck 53 of the swinging arm and with the opposite Faces 54 of the curve parts is connected. One result of this design is that the the upper ends of the rubber elements act so that they move relative to the curve parts Stop or limit the cylindrical extensions of the arms when subjected to torsional loads.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: ι. Electrical circuit breaker, characterized in that the mechanical connection between the contact making means and the drivers or holders solely via one or more rubber elements is made, on the one hand on the contact or a metal part firmly connected to it and on the other hand on the driver or holder or a metal part firmly connected to this are intimately bound. 2. Circuit breaker according to claim i, characterized characterized in that the movable contact (20,27) with its driver via a Rubber element (22) is connected, on the one hand with the contact (20) or with a this firmly connected metal part (sleeve21), in which the contact is fixed (by means of pin 25), and on the other hand with the driver or a metal part attached to this (sleeve 23) is intimately bound. 3. Electrical circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the Rubber elements are arranged so that they are vertical when the contact (20, 27) moves to the surface of the fixed contact (32) are subjected to thrust. 4 · Electrical circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the or the moving, contact-making means is an inner metal part that passes through a Rubber element is stored in and separately from an outer metal part, and that this outer metal part is received in a driver, which is at the end of an arm attached to a fixed rail or ίο swinging in opposition to a contact can be, wherein the moving contact means with said rail or the contact in yielding Are engaged and the axis of the moving contact means then one to the rail or assume the contact in a substantially vertical position. 5. Electrical circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the contact is an internal one Metal part (20) of the intimately connected rubber mounting and an outer metal part (23) on a driver of an arm is attached and the current makes contact through flexible metal Head (36, 39, 43, 49) is fed. 6. Electrical circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the surfaces of the with an inner contact (20) and an outer, on a driver attached part (23) intimately connected rubbers (22) of different lengths are to ensure approximate equality of the connected surfaces, with the ends (24) the rubber elements (22) are preferably conical or tapered (Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5). 7. Electrical circuit breaker, characterized in that a plurality of contacts (2 ¹ /) which form the inner metal parts of rubber bushings (22), rounded in one direction and wider in another direction to facilitate contact friction, and that they are mounted in such a way that the rubber is subjected to thrust under pressure contact with the fixed contact (32), the outer metal parts (23) being fastened to a carrier frame (33, 34) attached to the end of a swinging arm (35) and the contacts (27) are supplied with current via flexible metal conductors (36) (FIGS. 2, 4 and S). 8. Electrical circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that the contacts (20) at the end of a swinging arm (35) are arranged laterally ^ and under the contact pressure against the inner surfaces of the flanges (32 b) of a fixed contact (32 a ) move with a U-shaped cross-section in opposite directions (Fig. 9). 9. Electrical circuit breaker according to claim ι and 2, characterized in that the contact (20) is provided with spaced lateral surfaces (28) between those of the rubber (29) arranged around the contact rod and with the surfaces is intimately connected, so that the rubber is mainly subjected to pressure due to the contact pressure becomes (Fig. 3). 10. Electrical circuit breaker according to claim ι and 2, characterized in that the contacts (44) by means of rubber with a bolt attached to the end of an arm (35) or an axle (47, 52) are connected, the rubber (45, 51) being subjected to rotation is swung when the contact or contacts are swung into frictional contact with a fixed contact member (32) (Fig. 10, 11 and 12). Considered publications:
German patent specification No. 926 739. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 709 582/92 7.57