DE942585C - Lubricating oil - Google Patents

Description

ISSUED MAY 3, 1956

N 8754 IVc 123 c

Lubricating oil

The invention relates to lubricating oils of low viscosity with additives which the Able to effectively reduce oil consumption.

Low-viscosity oils are often essential for the effective • operation of engines, such as internal combustion engines, desirable or even necessary if these work at low temperatures. The lubrication when starting and running the engine at low temperatures is insufficient even then if SAE-io lubricating oils are used on their own or even in a mixture with luminous oil, and one must often resort to artificial starting means. The use of oils with but low viscosity under such conditions leads to high oil consumption and corrosion.

Numerous means have been explored to reduce oil consumption. A mechanical change the engine is costly and has been found to be ineffective. Also the use of Viscosity index improvers and numerous other types of oil additives did not solve this problem Problem led.

It has now been found that the oil consumption with light types of lubricating oil, such as SAE-5W oils, at higher engine running temperatures can be reduced by adding a small amount of a

perfluorinated and / or perchlorinated organic acid or a derivative of such an acid, such as an acid halide, an ester, salt, amide or imide, to the oils whose viscosity should not exceed ^{45 SUS at 99 0.}

These new lubricants are particularly suitable for starting engines in the cold, and they have at the same time a transference or a permanent effect.

Additives within the meaning of the invention can be prepared by any method as described in U.S. Patents 2,606,206, 2,567 on, 2,583,415, 2,514,473 and 2,407,315 and in Ind. And Eng. Chem., Vol. 43, No. io, .S. 2332 (1951). The following compounds are particularly suitable: perfluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid, perfluorobutyric acid, perfluorcaprylic acid, perfluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, perfluorosebazic acid, perfluorobutyryliluoride, perfluoropropionyl chloride, perfluoro- no caprylamide.

The additives according to the present invention are preferably used in amounts of 0.01 to 5 ° / ₀ and preferably from about 0.1 to 1 weight percent, calculated on the total mixture.

By using these additives, the oil consumption can generally be reduced by at least 25% and in some cases can even be reduced by more than 75%.

The mixtures according to the invention can be smaller Contain amounts of various common lubricating oil additives, such as anti-rusting agents, corrosion inhibitors, agents for generating fluorescence, Agents to lower the pour point, cleaning agents, viscosity improvers, foam inhibitors Means and / or means against wear. Suitable cleaning agents are the oil-soluble salts of metal-containing and / or organic bases with, for example, fatty acids of about 10 to 30 carbon atoms, like tall oil acids, acids derived from paraffin (produced by oxidation., of solid Paraffin), aromatic oxy fatty acids, benzoic acids, which have alkyl groups derived from paraffin, are substituted, and diphenols.

Particularly effective in connection with the perhalogenated compounds according to. invention are the oil-soluble alkaline earth metal petroleum sulfonates, especially calcium and barium sulfonates, as well the calcium salts of condensation products of alkylphenols and formaldehyde. The metalliferous Detergents are advantageously determined in an amount of about 0.025 to about 0.2 percent by weight used as sulfated ash of the metal content. Suitable corrosion inhibitors or agents against Rusts are alkyl or alkenyl dicarboxylic acids with 16 or more carbon atoms (octadecyl succinic acid), Alkali and alkaline earth salts of sulfonic acids and fatty acids, organic compounds, which contain an acid group very close to a nitrile, nitro or nitroso group (e.g. a-cyanosearic acid), Glycidyl phenyl ether, paraffin disulfide, etc.

The amount can vary depending on the additive and the conditions under which the oil is used of the additive used are between 0.01 and 2 percent by weight or more, there are significant improvements however, with quantities in the. Range of 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight achieved.

The base oils with which the additives are combined in accordance with the present invention are light ones Lubricating oils with a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 98.9 ° of not more than 45 seconds. It can natural and synthetic oils, such as esters of polycarboxylic acids, polyalkylene oxides, organic liquids Silicones etc. as well as mixtures thereof are used will. A typical oil of this type is SAE 5W mineral engine lubricating oil with the following Characteristics:

Flash point 196, I ⁰

Flow point .— I2.3 ^a

Viscosity SUS at 98.9 °. 39.7

Viscosity index 95

Additives according to the present invention are useful in terms of reducing oil consumption effective with oils that have a viscosity higher than that specified above.

The following examples explain the invention in more detail, where the indication »SAE-sW-Motoröltf an oil denotes which has the properties given above.

Example 1 weight

percent

Perfluorcaprylamid 0.2 ° / ₀

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 2

Perfluorocaprylic acid 0.2 ° / ₀

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 3

Perfluorsebazinsäure 0.1 ° / ₀

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 4

Perfluorcaprylamid 0.2 ° / ₀

Calcium Erdöbnahagonisulfonat 0,4% (SA)

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 5

Perfluorcaprylamid 0.2 ° / ₀

Calcium salt of the octylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product with an average content of about 5 phenol units per molecule ... 0.3% (SA)

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 6 _laa

Perfluorocaprylic acid 0.2 ° / ₀

Calcium-Erdöhnahagonisulfonat ...... 0.1% (SA)

Calcium salt of an octylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product

(Molecular weight 980 to 1500) 0.3% (SA)

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 7 weight

percent

a-dichloro-yS-difluorochloropropionic acid ... 0.1% / ₀

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 8

Perfluorocaprylamide 0.3%

Polyalkylene oxides (SUS at 99 ⁰

41 seconds) rest

Example 9

Perchloracetamide 0.1%

Perfluormyristinsäure 0.2 ° / ₀

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 10

Acetamide 0.1%

Perfluorosuccinic acid imide 0.2%

SAE 5W engine oil rest

Example 11

Perfluorocaprylamide 0.3%

Calcium Petroleum Mahogany Sulphonate 0.1% I.

Calcium salt of an octylphenol form ^a 5 aldehyde condensation product

(Molecular weight 980 to 1500) 0.3% (SA)

SAE 5W engine oil rest

In the examples above, "SA" means "determined to be sulfated ash".

In addition to reducing the oil consumption, the mixtures according to the invention also have the advantageous ones Properties that they have a transmission or persistence effect. Motors show which mixtures according to the invention have been supplied or which have been kept in operation with such, a transfer effect after these have been removed and the engine with normal mineral Distillate oils or other commercially available lubricating oils with low viscosity is operated. To prove that the mixtures according to the invention actually have a reduced oil consumption induce, several mixtures were subjected to different tests. The results are compiled in Table I below. They are expressed as a percentage of the reduction the oil consumption compared to the oil consumption when using the base oil without additives.

Table I.

Reduction in oil consumption, percent

CRC FL-2 test test Plymouth mixture L-4 test over 5000 miles dare ford 60 67 60 dare 50 example 1 45 50 60 60 Example 2 .... 70 60 50 70 Example 4 .... 75 70 60 no Example 6 .... no no 70 no Mix X .. no no no Mixture Y .. no

Mixture X consisted of the same base oil as used in the previous mixes to which such an amount of "Acryloid 710" had been added that the viscosity increased to SAE ioW was increased.

»Acryloid 710« is an alkyl methacrylate polymer with the following properties:

Specific weight, ° API 27

Specific gravity 15.6 / 15.6 ° .0.89

Flash point 204.4 °

Pour point - 6.7 °

Viscosity (SUS at 37.8 °) 2400

Color ASTM 2

Neutralization number 0.3

The mixture consisted of a Y SAE-30 motor oil + 0.2 ° / ₀ Perfluorcaprylamid. The motor oil in this composition was obtained from a West Texas-Ellenberger crude by distillation, deasphalting, solvent extraction and dewaxing and had the following properties:

Specific gravity, ⁰ API 25.3

Flash point 'COC 221.1 °

Viscosity (SUS at 98.9 °) 630

Viscosity index 50

According to the CRC-L-4 test described in the book "Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication" by Carl W. Georgi (Reinhold Publ. Corp.) on pages 67 to 72, a 6-cylinder Chevrolet engine is 1942 (bore 8.89 cm, stroke 9.525 cm, compression ratio 6.5: 1) 36 hours at 3150 revolutions per minute and a load of 30.42 brake horsepower kept in operation.

After the FL-2 test described on pages 366 to 367 of the same book, the same is left Machine 40 hours at 2500 revolutions per minute and a load of 45.62 brake horsepower run, and the oil consumption is determined by drawing off the oil at certain time intervals (10 hours) and measuring the amount of oil.

In another CRC-L-4 test, the engine was left with the lubricant specified in Example 2 to run; a reduction in oil consumption of about 60% was found. The oil was Entfertit and the engine is then kept in operation with the base oil without any additives. It became a disparagement found in oil consumption of around 25%, thus reducing the transfer effect of the present Invention is shown.

Mixtures according to the present invention not only significantly reduce oil consumption, but also they also prevent wear, corrosion, and sludge and varnish build-up. The invention Lubricants are also particularly useful in starting and save the need for one Warming up the engine.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Lubricating oil based on a lubricating oil with a viscosity not exceeding 45 SUS 99 °> characterized by a low content, preferably 0.01 to 5 percent by weight, of one perfluorinated and / or perchlorinated organic acid or a derivative of such Acid, in particular an acid chloride, ester, salt, amide or irnide. 2. Lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that that the oil base is a mineral lubricating oil 3. Lubricating oil according to claim 1 to 2, characterized by a content of a perfluorinated aliphatic acid, e.g. B. Perfiuorcapryläure, or a derivative of such an acid, ζ. Β. Perfluorocaprylamide. 4, lubricating oil according to claim 1 to 3, characterized due to a further low content of known corrosion inhibitors or rust inhibitors, Fluoroessence generators, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, anti-foaming agents, Anti-wear agents or detergents, ζ. B. Calcium petroleum sulfonate or ao Calcium salt of an alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product. © 309 706 4. 56