DE9418355U1 - Optical disk and optical disk device - Google Patents

Description

7163 Description

The invention relates to an optical disk on which information is recorded with high density in so-called pits, and to an optical disk device containing the optical disk and an optical playback system.

Due to recent advances in digital image processing techniques and moving picture compression techniques, the latter of which have been developed by a standardization or norm setting organization such as MPEG (Moving Picture Image Coding Experts Group), there is an increasing expectation for the introduction of an optical disk capable of reproducing moving picture, i.e. motion picture, information, such as a two-hour (feature) film, with the same size as a so-called CD (compact disk) instead of a video (tape) recorder or a laser disk. The recording capacity required for recording two hours of motion picture information in the form of analog video signals by means of a standard television system such as NTSC on, for example, the laser disk amounts to 80 Gbytes, including sound. The use of a film image compression technique, as prescribed for example by a standardized method known as MPEG-2, requires a small capacity of around 4 Gbytes even for an image quality that is equal to that of a high-quality video recorder, e.g. an S-VHS video recorder. The 4 Gbyte disk has been used in practice in the form of an optical disk with a diameter of 300 mm, which can be written to once and read (played) as often as required. Since in the future

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more optical disks are likely to be used for home use, it is necessary to create an easy-to-use 120 mm diameter disk that is the same size and has almost the same capacity as the so-called CD.

The capacity of the CD format currently available as a music CD or CD-ROM is a maximum of 790 Mbytes (at a linear speed of 1.2 m/s). With a capacity of this magnitude, only 24 minutes of moving or film image information compressed using the MPEG-2 method can be stored. In order to store 2 hours of film image information compressed using the MPEG-2 method on the CD size, the recording density must be increased to five times that of the CD. In the current CD format, the substrate thickness is 1.2 mm, the track (pitch) distance 1.6 µm and the pit distance 1.66 µm if the linear speed (relative speed between light beam and disk = disk peripheral speed) is 1.2 m/s and the pit length is 0.59 µm and the modulation method is EFM (8 to 14 modulation). In the reproducing optical system, the reproducing semiconductor laser or laser diode (LD) has a wavelength of 780 nm; the objective lens has an NA (numerical aperture) of 0.45, and the beam spot has a diameter 'of 1.4 pm. The beam spot diameter is selected mainly with a view to avoiding the influence of crosstalk between adjacent tracks.

Increasing the recording density of the optical disk requires techniques for forming small pits (i.e., dimples) in the disk as well as those for making the beam spot size on the optical disk small in the optical reproducing system. Regarding the techniques for forming the pits, for example, an optical disk matrix recording technique using

Kr-ion laser light (ultraviolet rays) with a wavelength of 351 nm has been proposed (The 1993 Autumn National Convention of the Applied Physics Society, 28-SF-2). This technique makes it possible to form smaller pits than with a conventional Ar-ion laser. By setting the wavelength of the playback laser beam shorter and increasing the NA (numerical aperture) in the playback optical system, the beam spot diameter can be reduced. However, even if a short-wavelength light source, such as a red laser diode, were used with the conventional techniques used in CD players, the capacity could actually only be increased by 1.5 times at most. However, with such an increase in capacity, an increase in capacity to five times that of an ordinary CD, which is required for recording 2 hours of compressed moving or motion picture information, cannot be expected.

In order to avoid the problem of crosstalk between adjacent tracks with conventional optical disk or optical disk technologies, as described above, the track and pit spacing are set larger than the beam spot diameter of the playback light beam. As a result, by simply shortening the wavelength of the playback light beam and increasing the numerical aperture of the lens, the recording density cannot be increased to the extent that the capacity required for storing 2 hours of film image information compressed using the MPEG2 method, e.g. in the CD format, is guaranteed.

The object of the invention is to provide an optical disk and an optical disk device in which crosstalk between adjacent tracks can be reduced to such an extent that no problem arises in practical use even if

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' track and pit pitch are smaller than the beam spot diameter of the reproduction light beam, and with which a higher density and a larger capacity can be achieved than with the prior art.

The invention relates to an optical disk comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific pitches in the form of pit tracks, which information is reproducible by irradiating a light beam via an objective lens, and wherein, when the wavelength of the light beam is denoted by λ µm and the numerical aperture of the objective is NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm, and each of the pits has a trapezoidal cross section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm and the lower width of which is in the range of (0.2 - 0.32) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm. &lgr;/&Ngr;&Agr;/1.14 µgr;&pgr;&igr;.

The invention also relates to an optical disk device comprising an optical disk with a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific (pitch) intervals in the form of pit tracks, an objective lens arranged facing the optical disk, a device for projecting a light beam onto the optical disk via the objective and a unit for picking up the reflected light of the light beam projected or thrown onto the optical disk by the projection device for reproducing or reproducing the information recorded on the optical disk, wherein when the wavelength of the light beam is designated as λ pm and the numerical aperture of the objective is designated as NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm and each

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the pits have a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm and the lower width of which is in the range of (0.2 - 0.32) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm.

The invention also relates to an optical disk comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific pitches in the form of pit tracks, which information is reproducible by irradiating a light beam via an objective lens, and wherein, when the wavelength of the light beam is designated as λ μm and the numerical aperture of the objective is designated as NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm, and each of the pits has a trapezoidal cross section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm and the inner wall or flank of which has an angle of 30-70°.

The invention further relates to an optical disk device comprising an optical disk with a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific (pitch) intervals in the form of pit tracks, an objective lens arranged facing the optical disk, a device for projecting a light beam onto the optical disk via the objective lens and a unit for picking up the reflected light of the light beam projected or thrown onto the optical disk by the projection device for reproducing or reproducing the information recorded on the optical disk, wherein when the wavelength of the light beam is designated as λ um and the numerical aperture of the objective is designated as NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) χ λ/�Nα/1.14 um and each of the pits has a

trapezoidal cross-section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 μm and the inner wall or flank of which has an angle of 30-70°.

By setting various parameters of the pit shape to the sizes specified above, the amount of crosstalk between adjacent tracks is suppressed to less than -20 dB, which condition must be met to restore the original information from the reproduced signal, while sufficiently maintaining the playback signal level and the level of the push-pull signal for tracking.

A better understanding of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram for facilitating explanation of the shape of a pit in an optical disk according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the optical playback system in an optical disk device,

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the pit arrangement on the optical disk for calculating the levels of the sensed playback and push-pull signals from the optical disk,

Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the playback signal level and the push-pull signal level obtained by calculations using the pit size in the track width direction and the pit

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depth were determined as parameters,

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the pit arrangement on the optical disk, used for the evaluation of the MTF (modulation transfer function) of the optical playback system and the crosstalk between adjacent tracks,

Fig. 6 the dependence of the MFT (modulation transfer function) of the optical reproduction system and the characteristics of the crosstalk between adjacent tracks on the pit shape when the upper width Wm and the lower width Wi of the pit are changed in various ways,

Fig. 7 shows the dependence of the MTF of the optical reproduction system and the crosstalk characteristics between adjacent tracks on the pit shape when the conditions are the same as in Fig. 6, only with the difference that λ is set to 0.650 µm.

Fig. 8 shows the dependence of the MTF of the optical reproduction system and the characteristics of the crosstalk between adjacent tracks on the pit shape, in the case where the upper width Wm and the angle θ of the pit inner wall or flank are changed in various ways,

Fig. 9 shows the dependence of the MTF of the optical reproduction system and the crosstalk characteristics between adjacent tracks on the pit shape when the conditions are the same as in Fig. 8, with the only difference that the upper width Wm of the pit 10 is set to 0.35 µm.

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Fig. 10 the dependence of the MTF of the optical playback system and the characteristics of the crosstalk between adjacent tracks on the inclination or slant (tilt),

Fig. 11 the dependence of the NA (numerical aperture) of the objective lens or objective on the tilt when using an optical plate with a substrate thickness of 1.2 mm,

Fig. 12 the dependence of the NA (numerical aperture) of the objective lens or objective on the tilt when using an optical plate with a substrate thickness of 0.6 mm,

Fig. 13 a cross-sectional outline of an actual pit,

Fig. 14 shows a relationship between the groove width of an actual pit and the groove width of a model pit,

Fig. 15 shows a relationship between a slope or skew angle of an actual pit and that of a model pit,

Fig. 16A and 16B are a perspective view and a sectional view of an optical disk according to an embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 17 is a block diagram of an optical disk device according to an embodiment of the invention.

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Before explaining an embodiment, the basic idea of the present invention will be described.

In order to increase the (recording) density of the optical disk, the spot diameter of the playback light beam must be reduced. To do this, it is essential to select a shorter wavelength of the playback laser diode and to increase the NA (numerical aperture) of the objective lens. Laser diodes (self-pulsing or self-excited laser diodes) of a low-noise type with a wavelength of 0.685 um and an output power of several mW have already been used in practice. Laser diodes with a wavelength of 0.650 um are about to be put into practical use.

The NA of the lens is limited by the ease of manufacturing a lens and the angle of inclination between the lens and the disk. The smaller the lens load (the thinner the optical disk substrate, the smaller the lens load) and the smaller the NA, the easier it is to manufacture an objective lens. In the case of a lens with an NA of nearly 0.6, the beam spot diameter can be reduced even with a single aspherical lens. However, in a lens used in the optical disk reproduction system, coma aberration occurs due to the inclination between the optical disk and the reproduction light beam caused by the inclination of the optical disk or the inclination of the optical axis of the lens.

More specifically, an attempt to increase the NA of the lens to reduce the spot size of the reproduction light beam causes a sharp increase in the

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The aberration of the lens due to the inclination (or skew) between the optical disk and the reproducing light beam increases. As the aberration of the lens increases, the amount of crosstalk between adjacent tracks increases accordingly, while the reproducing resolution performance decreases. The thinner the substrate of the optical disk is, the smaller the influence of the inclination is. In "Japanese Journal of Applied Physics", Vol. 32 (1993), pp. 5402-5405, it is described how the spot shape of the reproducing light beam at a wavelength of 0.690 pum and NA = 0.6 changes with the inclination when the substrate thickness is 1.2 mm - corresponding to the CD - and 0.6 mm. For a substrate thickness of 1.2 mm, a tilt of 5 mrad is described as reducing the central strength or intensity of the beam spot by the order of 10% and causing an increase in the sidelobe and aberration, which contributes to crosstalk. For a substrate thickness of 0.6 mm, on the other hand, the substrate can tolerate tilts in the range of up to 10 mrad.

Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate the results of calculation of the tilt characteristics at a substrate thickness (t) of 1.2 mm and 0.6 mm using NA as a parameter. The abscissa represents the angle of tilt and the ordinate represents the normalized peak intensity of the focused beam spot (reproduced signal). Each wavelength (λ) of the reproduced light beam is assumed to be 0.690 µm. At the substrate thickness of 0.6 mm and NA = 0.6, at a tilt of 9.5 mrad, the peak intensity of the reproduced signal decreases by 10%. At a substrate thickness of 1.2 mm, this gives (tilt of 9.5 mrad and decrease in the peak intensity of the reproduced signal by 10%) NA = 0.49. More specifically, by changing the substrate thickness from 1.2 mm (thickness of the

conventional CD) to 0.6 mm, the NA can be increased from 0.49 to 0.6, so that the surface recording density can be increased by 1.5 times. Since the spot size λ/�Nα is proportional, while the surface recording density is 1/2 of the spot size, this results in

(0.6/0.49) ; this means that the surface recording density is 1.5 times that of the conventional CD.

However, if the substrate thickness is simply reduced, the substrate may warp considerably due to temperature or humidity. The warp of the substrate is the main contributor to the tilt. To prevent this phenomenon, it is most effective to make the optical disk double-sided like the laser disk or to give the optical disk a symmetrical structure with respect to the front and back. In this case, information can be recorded on both sides. In a single- or single-side structure optical disk like the conventional CD, since an aluminum reflection film or a protective film is formed on one side of the substrate, the substrate exhibits asymmetrical moisture absorption with respect to the front and back, so that it is easy to warp. With a double-sided optical disk, the warp of the substrate due to moisture absorption is suppressed, thus preventing the occurrence of a large tilt.

The evaluation results described above show that when using a combination of a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.685 um, a 0.6 mm thick substrate and a lens with NA = 0.6, the wavelength is shortened from 0.780 um to 0.685 um and the NA increases from 0.45 to 0.6, so that the recording density can also be achieved using conventional CD processing.

construction techniques to about 2.3 times that of the conventional CD format. More specifically, since the spot size λ/�Nα is proportional, this gives (0.685/0.6)/(0.780/0.45), which means that the recording density is about 2.3 times that of the conventional CD. However, in order to achieve the capacity required to record two hours of MPEG2-compressed motion picture or film information in the CD size, it is necessary to make the recording density (capacity) about five times that of the conventional CD format.

According to the present invention, there is provided an optical disk which enables a substantial reduction in the track pitch to achieve a substantially higher density and a larger capacity while ensuring the low crosstalk characteristic and the sufficiently large signal levels of the reproduction signal and push-pull signal by optimizing the pit shape with the same beam spot size as described above. The pit shape in the present invention is described in detail below.

ig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the shape of a pit in an optical disk according to the invention. According to this figure, the shape or contour of a pit 10 is approximated to a shape with a trapezoidal cross section or the shape of a football stadium. The inner wall or flank 11 of the pit 10 is inclined downwards, while its bottom portion or sole 12 is almost flat. The numeral 13 indicates the cross section of the pit 10 along the radius of the optical disk (the track width direction); 14 indicates the cross section along the circumference of the optical disk (the "track direction"); Wm stands for the size (the

where θ represents the size (dimension) of the top of the pit 10 across the track width (hereinafter referred to as the upper width); Wi represents the size (dimension) of the bottom of the pit IO across the track width (hereinafter referred to as the lower width); hm represents the depth of the pit 10; Zm represents the length of the pit 10 along the track; and θ represents the angle of the flank of the pit 10 (the angle which the flank makes with the surface of the optical disk).

Fig. 2 shows a model of the optical reproduction system of the optical disk device used in the analysis. The figure shows the incident light distribution 20 (V (x,y)) of the reproduction light beam, the incident light 21, a polarization beam splitter (or half mirror) 22 for separating the incident light 21 from the reflected light 26, an objective lens 23 with a numerical aperture of NA, the distribution 24 (V (xy)) of the light (beam spot) focused by the objective lens onto the recording surface (pit surface) of the optical disk, an optical disk 25 with a complex reflectivity of r (x,y), the reflected light (reflection

light) 26 and the distribution 27 (V (xy)) of the reflected light 26 on a photosensor.

Fig. 3 shows schematically the pit arrangement on the optical disk used to calculate the levels of the playback and push-pull signals, where the track pitch (pit pitch across the track width) is denoted by Pt and the pit pitch (pit pitch along the track) is denoted by Pmy. The beam spots 30 and 31 of the playback light beam represent a spot A in the center of a pit and a spot B between pits, respectively. The amplitude of the playback signal is denoted by IS(A) - S(B)|, where S(A) and S(B) are the output signals of the photosensor when the beam

spot positioned at (A) and (B), respectively. Lines 32 and 33 show the positions at which the push-pull signal (the difference signal between the output signals of the divided photosensors arranged along the track in at least two measuring areas) is obtained in an area (C) with pits and an area (D) without pits. These push-pull signals have the average peak-to-peak sizes in area C and area D, respectively.

Fig. 4 shows the results of calculation of the levels of the reproduced and push-pull signals using the size of a pit across the track width and the pit depth as parameters when the reproduced laser beam wavelength is 0.685 pm, NA = 0.6, Zm = 0.5 µm, Pmy = 1 µm and Pt = 0.72 µm. The magnitudes of the beam filling factors A/W(X) and A/W(Y) of the reproduced light beam (across) the track width (X) and along the track (Y) are shown in the figure. As can be seen from this figure, the levels of the reproduced and push-pull signals do not depend significantly on the shape of a pit, except in the case of Wn = 0.3 and Wi = 0.2. The pit depth is not such that the levels of the playback and push-pull signals are simultaneously brought to the maximum level. In order to minimize a reduction in the push-pull signal level and to achieve the maximum playback signal level, it is desirable, as shown in Fig. 4, that the pit depth is approximately λ/5 and should preferably be in the range of λ/4.2 - λ/5.2.

Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) of the optical reproduction system and the pit arrangement on the optical disk used for evaluating the crosstalk between adjacent tracks. In the figure,

the spots 5 0 and 51 of the reproducing light beam are a spot in the center (A) of a pit and a spot passing a position (B) at a distance td from the center of a pit. MTF is expressed as the power of the fundamental frequency component of the output signal from the photosensor obtained when the beam spot passes the center of a pit. Crosstalk is expressed as the power or magnitude of the fundamental frequency component of the output signal from the photosensor obtained when the beam spot passes position B.

Fig. 6 shows the MTF and crosstalk characteristics in the case where the track pitch Pt is set to 0.72 µm and the depth hm of the pit 10 is set to 0.2 ρ, and the upper width Wm and the lower width Wi of the pit IO are variously changed, with the spatial frequency on the abscissa and MTF and crosstalk on the ordinate. The sizes or values of the beam packing factors A/W(X) and A/W(Y) of the reproducing light beam across the track width (X) and along the track (Y) are shown in the figure. According to this figure, the MTF provides a difference of 1 - 2 dB depending on the pit shape, which is not too large. On the other hand, it can be seen that the crosstalk varies considerably with the pit shape.

Fig. 7 shows the MTF and crosstalk characteristics under the same conditions as in Fig. 6, except that λ is set to 0.650 μm.

Fig. 8 shows the MTF and crosstalk characteristics in the case where the track pitch Pt is set to 0.72 µm and the depth hm of the pit 10 is set to 0.2 µm and the top width Wm and the angle θ of the edge 11 of the pit IO are variously changed, with the spatial frequency on the abscissa and MTF and crosstalk

are plotted on the ordinate. The magnitudes or values of the beam illumination factors A/W(X) and A/W(Y) of the reproducing light beam across the track width (X) and along the track (Y) are given in this figure.

Fig. 9 shows the MTF and crosstalk characteristics under the same conditions as in Fig. 8, with the only difference that the upper width Wm of the pit is fixed to 0.35 μα and only the angle θ of the flank 11 of the pit IO is changed variously.

Assume that the 4/9 modulation method, the efficiency of which is higher than that of the EFM (method) used in the conventional CD, and the (3, 17) RLL (run length limit) method are used as a modulation method for information recorded on the optical disk. This is a coding method for converting the 4-bit original information into 9 bits and limiting the length of consecutive zeros (Os) to the range of 3-17 zeros. The density ratio is improved by 20% compared with EFM (Eight to Fourteen Modulation) with DCC (DC - Cancel Code). Here, when the shortest pit length is 0.48 pm, the longest pit length is 2.16 µm. For this reason, attention must be paid to crosstalk due to low frequency components when tapping or sensing the longest pit. Although the crosstalk characteristics shown in Figs. 6 to 9 represent those without tilt, in fact tilts must be taken into account. Fig. 10 shows the MUF and crosstalk characteristics when tilts are taken into account. As can be seen from this figure, when tilts are taken into account, the MUF remains almost unchanged, but the amount of crosstalk increases and the conditions for determining the parameters of a pit become more stringent.

In the system design of an optical disk device, if a tilt due to warpage of the optical disk itself and a tilt due to the device are assumed to be 5 mrad and 3 mrad, respectively, a total tilt of about 8 mrad must be tolerated. According to the simulation of Fig. 10, the amount of crosstalk in the tilt range of ±10 mrad for the same spatial frequency can be suppressed to values of less than -20 dB as required for practical use. This shows that a wavelength of 0.685 µm and a track pitch of 0.72 µm are appropriate (acceptable).

The evaluation according to Figs. 6 to 9 shows that the amount of crosstalk (the difference in MTF value between the MTF characteristic and the crosstalk characteristic) is 20 dB or less up to Wm = 0.45 pm in the case where the track pitch according to Figs. 6 and 8 is 0.72 µm. In the case of Wm = 0.5 µm, on the other hand, the amount of crosstalk increases rapidly at low frequencies to exceed -20 dB. The MTF characteristics are comparatively good up to Wm = 0.3 µm, but deteriorate sharply when Wm is smaller than 0.3 µm. The range of Wm = 0.3 - 0.45 pm is therefore appropriate (acceptable).

The above results show that when the pit shape is standardized over the track width at a wavelength of 0.685 pm and NA = 0.6 (i.e. λ/�Nα = 1.14), it is desirable that the upper width of a pit should be (0.3 - 0.45) × λ/�Nα/1.14 pm and the lower width of the pit should be (0.2 - 0.25) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm, or the upper width Wm should be (0.3 - 0.45) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm and the angle θ of the flank should be in the range of 50 - 70°. In particular, when the track pitch Pt in the

When the pit width Wm is selected in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm and the track pitch is set smaller than the beam spot diameter of the reproducing light beam, selecting the pit upper width Wm and the pit lower width Wi or the pit upper width Wm and the slope angle β within the above ranges enables the amount of crosstalk to be suppressed to practically required values of less than -20 dB in the slope range of +10 mrad expected in an actual optical disk device, thus achieving a remarkable improvement in recording density. As a result, by combining this track pitch and pit shape, e.g., the laser diode having a wavelength of 0.685 pm as mentioned, the 0.6 mm thick substrate, (and) the lens having NA = 0.6, the object of recording two hours of motion picture information compressed by the MPEG method in the CD format can be easily realized.

•The parameters used in explaining the invention are obtained by calculations under the assumption that the pit is in the shape of an ideal trapezoid or trapezoid. However, the pit does not actually have the shape of an exact trapezoid or trapezoid, but is curved at its corners as shown in Fig. 13. The parameters for the ideal trapezoidal pit or model pit are therefore different from those for the actual pit. Fig. 14 shows the difference between the lower groove width wi and the upper groove width wg for the model pit and the actual pit. According to Fig. 14, the value of wi for the model pit is in the range of 0.2 - 0.32 µm; the value of wg for the model pit is in the range of 0.3 - 0.45 µm, while the value of wg for the actual pit varies from 0.3 - 0.5 µm. Furthermore, the inclination angle &thetas; of the pit: According to Fig. 15, the inclination angle of the model pit is in the range of

50 - 70°, while that of the actual pit is in the range of 30 - 60°.

The structure of an optical disk according to the invention is described below. Figs. 16A and 16B are a perspective view and a sectional view of a double-sided optical disk 100, respectively. One surface of each of the transparent substrates 101 and 102 having embossed pits made of a light-transmitting resin such as polycarbonate or acrylic resin is coated with a reflection film 103 and 104 (e.g. made of aluminum). Protective films 105 and 106 are formed on these films, respectively. The thickness of the transparent substrates 101 and 102, whose protective films 105 and 106 face each other, are laminated together with an adhesion layer 107 made of a thermosetting adhesive having a thickness of several tens of µm. In the center of the optical disk 100 there is a clamping hole 108, around which a clamping zone 109 is provided. A reproduction light beam 110 emitted from a laser diode (not shown) passes through the optical reproduction system, enters the optical disk 100 from an objective lens 111 via the transparent substrates 101, 102 and is focused as a small beam spot on the reflection films 103 and 104, respectively.

Fig. 17 shows an example of an optical disk device for reproducing compressed moving or film image information using the optical disk 100 described above. Since the optical disk 100 has the substrates 101 and 102 of a small thickness of (only) 0.6 mm and is therefore less susceptible to dust or dirt on its surface than a CD using a 1.2 mm thick substrate, it is housed in a cartridge 200. By housing the

optical disk 100 in the cartridge 200, unlike CDs, the manner of holding the disk, dust, fingerprints, etc. need not be considered, which is convenient for handling and carrying. When the disk is uncovered, such as a CD, the ability for error correction must be determined in consideration of an unexpected occurrence such as a defect. On the other hand, when the cartridge 200 is used, such considerations become unnecessary. It is therefore possible to apply the LDC read-Solomon error correction technique in sectors as is the case with a recordable optical disk. For this reason, when an optical disk is formatted in units of 2 kbyte to 4 kbyte, for example, the recording performance or efficiency can be increased by more than 10% compared with the CD.

By using the 4/9 modulation method as the modulation method for the information recorded on the optical disk 100, with a track pitch on the optical disk 100 of 0.72 ρ and a pit pitch of 0.96 μm, the pit density ratio is expected to be 3.84 times that of the conventional CD format, and the modulation efficiency is increased by 20% and the format efficiency by 10%. Thus, a total capacity increase of a factor of 5.1 can be expected. As previously mentioned, if film image information, such as a (feature) film, is reproduced with an image quality equivalent to the S-VHS system, this requires a frequency of 4.5 Mbps (Mbit/s), including sound, so that the capacity required for two hours of playback is 4 Gbytes. Due to the aforementioned capacity increase of 5.1 times, a capacity of 4 Gbytes can be achieved on one side of the disk. In addition, a single double-sided optical

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Disk of the type shown in Figs. 16A and 16B a maximum of four hours of recording or recording.

According to Fig. 17, the optical disk 100 is clamped by a cone 220 and rotated by a spindle motor 201. The spindle motor 201 is controlled by a spindle motor driver circuit 202. The optical playback system has the structure described below.

An objective lens 203 is arranged in opposition to the optical disk 100 and can be moved (guided) along the optical axis by a focusing coil 204 and across the track width or across it by a tracking coil 205. The wavelength of a laser diode 207 controlled by a laser diode (LD) driver 206 is 0.685 pm. The light beam emitted by the laser diode 207 is formed into a parallel light flux by a collimator lens 208 and then falls on a polarization beam splitter 209. The light beam emitted by the laser diode 207 generally has an elliptical far field pattern. Therefore, if a round pattern is required, only a beam shaping prism needs to be connected downstream of the collimator lines 208. The light beam passing through the polarization beam splitter 209 is focused by the lens 203 on the optical plate 100.

The light reflected by the reflection film on the optical plate 100 runs back via the lens 203 in the opposite direction to the incident light beam, is reflected or deflected by the polarization beam splitter 209 and falls via the optical pickup or measuring system consisting of a condenser lens 210 and a cylindrical lens 211 onto a photosensor 212, which is, for example, a four-quadrant photosensor. The

four measurement output signals from the photosensor are fed to an amplifier arrangement 213 comprising an amplifier and an adder/subtractor, which generates a focus error signal, a tracking error signal and a playback signal. The tracking error signal is obtained by means of, for example, a push-pull technique in the form of a push-pull signal as previously described. The focus error signal and the tracking error signal are fed to the focus coil 204 and the tracking coil 205 via a servo control unit 214. As a result, the lens 203 is moved (guided) along the optical axis and across the track width to focus the light beam on the surface of the reflective film serving as the recording surface of the optical disk 100 and to track the target track.

The playback signal from the amplifier array is fed to a signal processing circuit 215 which digitizes the input signal and then extracts data pulses. The extracted data pulses are fed to a disk controller 216 which decodes the format, corrects errors and then feeds the resulting signal as a bit stream of the motion picture information to an MPEG2 decoder/controller 217. Since the data obtained by compressing (encoding) the motion picture information according to the MPEG2 standards is recorded on the optical disk 100, the MPEG2 decoder/controller 217 causes the input bit stream to be expanded to reproduce the original motion picture information. The reproduced film image information is fed to a video signal generator circuit 218 which adds a blanking signal etc. to generate a video signal in a specific television format. The technique

concerning the MPEG2(-method) is disclosed in US-PS 5,317,397 and in US Patent Application No. 08/197,862.

As mentioned above, the optical disk of the present invention has such an optimum pit shape (the upper and lower widths of a pit or the upper width of a pit and the angle of the pit flank) that it becomes possible to set the track pitch to a size smaller than the spot diameter of the reproducing light beam and to reduce crosstalk between adjacent tracks to a practically required level. As a result, the optical disk can increase the track density to about 1.5 times that of the conventional CD and ensure sufficiently large levels of the reproducing signal and the push-pull signal for tracking.

Consequently, with the invention, as shown in the described embodiments, the capacity corresponding to about five times that of the conventional CD can also be realized with, for example, the CD format. In addition, 4 Mbps (mbit/s) of compressed (or condensed) film image information, including sound, with an image quality that is as high as that of a high-quality video recorder, can be stored for two hours (playback), which is very convenient for practical use.

Claims (18)

7163 Protection claims 1. Optical disk comprising
a substrate (101) and a recording layer (103) formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific pitches in the form of pit tracks, which information can be reproduced by irradiating a light beam via an objective lens, and where, when the wavelength of the light beam is denoted by λ μm and the numerical aperture of the objective is NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) χ λ/�Nα/1.14 pm, and each of the pits has a trapezoidal cross section whose upper width is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) χ λ/�Nα/1.14 pm and whose lower width is in the range of (0.2 - 0.32) χ λ/�Nα/1.14 um. 2. An optical disk according to claim 1, wherein the pit (10) has a depth of 1/4.2 × λ/η to 1/5.2 × λ/η. 3. An optical disk according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate consists of two transparent substrates (101, 102) facing each other and the recording layer is formed of two reflective or reflection films (103, 104) formed between the two transparent substrates and each having information recorded thereon. -2- 4. An optical disk according to claim 3, wherein two protective films (105, 106) are formed on the reflection films, facing each other and laminated together. 5. An optical disk according to claim 4, comprising an adhesive layer (107) formed between the protective films (105, 106) for bonding the protective films together. 6. An optical disk device comprising: an optical disk (100) with a substrate (101, 102) and a recording layer (103, 104) formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific (pitch) intervals in the form of pit tracks, an objective lens (203) arranged facing the optical plate (100), a device (206, 209) for projecting a light beam onto the optical plate (100) via the lens (203) and a unit (212) for picking up the reflected light of the light beam projected or thrown onto the optical disk by the projection device for reproducing or reproducing the information recorded on the optical disk, wherein then, if the wavelength of the light beam is denoted by λ um and the numerical aperture of the objective is NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 um and -3- each of the pits has a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm and the lower width of the lower width is in the range of (0.2 - 0.32) × λ/�Nα/1.14 µm. 7. An optical disk device according to claim 6, wherein the tapping unit (212) generates a push-pull signal representing the difference between signals tapped or sampled in at least two areas along the track and a playback signal, and the pit (10) has a depth such that both the push-pull signal and the playback signal can have high levels. 8. An optical disk apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each pit (10) in the optical disk (100) has a depth of 1/4.2 × λ/η to 1/5.2 × λ/η. 9. An optical disk apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the tapping unit (212) has the function of expanding the information compressed or condensed according to MPEG2 and recorded on the optical disk (100) according to MPEG2 to reproduce the original image information. 10. An optical disc comprising:
a substrate (101, 102) and a recording layer (103, 104) formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific (pitch) intervals in the form of pit tracks, which information can be reproduced by irradiating a light beam via an objective (lens), and -4- where, when the wavelength of the light beam is denoted by λ um and the numerical aperture of the objective is denoted by NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 um and each of the pits (10) has a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 pm and the inner wall or flank of which has an angle of 30-70° to the surface of the plate. 11. An optical disk according to claim 10, wherein the pit (10) has a depth of 1/4.2 × λ/η to 1/5.2 × λ/η. 12. An optical disk according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the substrate consists of two transparent substrates (101, 102) facing each other and the recording layer is formed of two reflective or reflection films (103, 104) formed between the two transparent substrates and each having information recorded thereon. 13. An optical disk according to claim 12, wherein two protective films (105, 106) are formed on the reflection films (103, 104) facing each other and composed in a layered manner. 14. An optical disk according to claim 13, comprising an adhesion layer (107) formed between the protective films (105, 106) for bonding the protective films together. -5- 15. An optical disk device comprising: an optical disk (100) with a substrate (101, 102) and a recording layer (103, 104) formed on the substrate, on which information is recorded at specific (pitch) intervals in the form of pit tracks, an objective lens (203) arranged facing the optical disk, means (206, 209) for projecting a light beam onto the optical disk via the lens and a unit (212) for picking up the reflected light of the light beam projected or thrown onto the optical disk by the projection device for reproducing or reproducing the information recorded on the optical disk, wherein when the wavelength of the light beam is denoted by λ pm and the numerical aperture of the objective by NA, the track pitch is set in the range of (0.72 - 0.8) × λ/�Nα/1.14 pm and each of the pits has a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper width of which is in the range of (0.3 - 0.5) × λ/�Nα/1.14 um and the inner wall or flank of which has an angle of 30-70° with respect to the surface of the disk. 16. Optical disk device according to claim 15, wherein the tapping unit (212) generates a push-pull signal representing the difference between signals tapped or sampled in at least two areas along the track and a playback signal, -6- and the pit (10) has such a depth that both the push-pull signal and the playback signal can have high levels. 17. An optical disk apparatus according to claim 16, wherein each pit (10) in the optical disk (100) has a depth of 1/4.2 × λ/η to 1/5.2 × λ/η. 18. An optical disk apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said pickup unit (212) has the function of expanding the information compressed or condensed according to MPEG2 and recorded on the optical disk (100) according to MPEG2 to reproduce the original image information. • ·«