DE9415761U1 - Device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor, in particular for driving a pump drive in a household appliance - Google Patents

Description

Description

Device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor, in particular for driving a pump drive in a household appliance

The invention relates to a device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor, in particular for driving a pump drive in a household appliance, according to claim 1.

DE-Al-4 033 121 discloses a method for starting an electric single-phase synchronous motor in a preferred direction of rotation, in which the rotor of the motor is pre-positioned to a specific step by at least one isolated current pulse with a predetermined polarity consisting of a single half-wave of the supplying AC voltage source and then, after a time that is long enough to mechanically stabilize the rotor at this step, is fed with full-wave alternating current from the AC voltage source, the first half-wave of which has a polarity opposite to the polarity of the current pulse for the specific pre-positioning of the rotor. This method can only be used with single-phase synchronous motors that are self-starting due to their design.

Permanent magnet excited single-phase synchronous motors are known from EP-Bl-O 358 805 and EP-Bl-O 358 806, in which the starting torque can be noticeably increased for self-starting by using a special air gap or sheet metal cut design to bring the rotor with its pole axis into a zero-lock position, which is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the stator excitation up to the so-called transverse axis position. Such single-strand, preferably two-pole, permanent magnet excited synchronous motors with guaranteed

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steady start-up are particularly suitable for use with an output power of approx. 40 watts.

The object of the present invention is to be able to use single-phase synchronous motors to drive loads above 40 watts with a safe and fast start-up, with little manufacturing or assembly effort.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1; advantageous embodiments of this device are the subject of the subclaims

The device according to the invention makes it possible, depending on the load to be driven by the single-phase synchronous motor and thus the mechanical time constant determined by the rotating masses of the rotor and by the actual load to be driven, to run the single-phase synchronous motor safely and in the shortest possible time until the rotor speed is synchronized with the frequency of the supplying alternating voltage by means of a "delayed" commutation of the supplying alternating voltage.

Advantageously, a Hall IC with a digital output is provided as the position sensor for the rotor, which detects the position of the preferably permanent magnet excited rotor and, based on its position signal, controls a triac, preferably provided as an AC switch, via a logic circuit, which is also given the respective signal of the currently present AC voltage curve; advantageously, in order to reduce the necessary current consumption from a power supply unit required for the supply, a motor current sensor is provided to detect the first current flow in one or the other direction through the single-phase synchronous motor after the AC switch is closed or the voltage drop across the switching path of the AC switch and

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then, after an initial current detection or after detection of the forward voltage across the switching path of the switched-on triac, the control voltage for the AC switch is switched off, which then remains in its previous switch-on position until the flowing AC current passes through zero.

The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention according to the features of the subclaims are explained in more detail below using schematically illustrated embodiments or functional diagrams in the drawing; in which:

FIG 1 shows a first block diagram of the control of a permanent magnet single-phase synchronous motor as a function of a current sensor and a mains voltage signal conditioner;
FIG 2 shows a second block diagram of the control of a single-phase synchronous motor as a function of a timer and a mains voltage signal conditioner;

FIG 3 in a third block diagram the control of a single-phase synchronous motor depending on a voltage sensor and a mains voltage signal conditioner;

FIG 4 shows a fourth block diagram of the control of a single-phase synchronous motor as a function of a mains voltage signal former with an upstream voltage delay circuit;

FIG 5 shows a fifth block diagram of the control of a single-phase synchronous motor depending on a first rotation direction monitoring;

FIG 6 in a sixth block diagram the control of a single-phase synchronous motor depending on a second direction of rotation monitoring;

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FIG 7 in a seventh block diagram the control of a single-phase synchronous motor depending on a time-delayed voltage delay circuit; FIG 8 in an eighth block diagram the control of a single-phase synchronous motor depending on a reference voltage for the supplying alternating voltage derived across the switching path at the alternating voltage switch,

FIG 9 shows the supply alternating voltage as well as individual signal sequences and the motor current curve in a device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor according to FIG 1-7.

In the block diagrams, for clearer differentiation, the main current path of the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is shown with thick lines, the signal flows are shown with weak lines and arrows, and the power supply lines of the individual components are shown with dashed lines.

FIG 1 shows a single-phase synchronous motor with a permanently excited two-pole (N;S) rotor (shown only schematically here) that can be connected to a supplying AC voltage network L1;L2 via an AC switch 7, preferably designed as a triac, and a motor current sensor. The AC switch 7 receives its switch-on pulse via a driver arrangement 6 from a logic circuit 5 depending on the signal values of a rotor position sensor 2 on the one hand and a mains voltage signal former 3 on the other hand that are given to the logic circuit on the input side.

The mains voltage signal former is connected upstream of the logic circuit in such a way that positive half-waves of the supplying AC voltage source, converted into pulses, e.g. square-wave pulses, by a first part 3.1 of the mains voltage signal former 3, are fed to a first part 5.1 of the logic circuit 5 and from a second part 3.2 into

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Negative half-waves of the supplying alternating voltage source Ll;L2, converted into square pulses, can be passed on to a second part of the combination circuit 5.

The AC voltage switch is advantageously dependent on the switching on of the logic circuit (5) in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by the positive half-wave of the supplying AC voltage, and an &EEgr; signal from the position sensor, or in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by the negative half-wave of the supplying AC voltage, and an &EEgr; signal formed from an L signal from the position sensor by inversion. The rotor position sensor 2, the mains voltage signal former 3, the motor current sensor 4, as well as the logic circuit 5 and the driver arrangement 6 are supplied via a power supply unit 8 from the AC voltage source L1;L2.

The basic mode of operation of the device according to the invention, in particular according to the block diagrams in FIGS. 1-7 and with a dependency of the switch-on command for the control voltage of the triac on an initial current detection by the current sensor 4, is first explained in more detail using the diagrams according to FIG. 9; in this case:

u=f(t): Supply single-phase alternating voltage

U]_ = f (t) : Signal at the output of the first part 3.1 of the mains voltage signal conditioner 3

U2=f(t): Signal at the output of the second part 3.2 of the mains voltage signal conditioner 3

0 U3=f(t): Signal at the output of the rotor position sensor 2

Inverted signal at the output of rotor position sensor 2

Motor current through single-phase synchronous motor 1 Signal at the output of the motor current sensor 4 U5=f(t): Signal at the input of the AC voltage switch 7.

u ₃ = f (t (t ) : U4=f (t (t ) : i=f(t) _: u _{5 =} f ) : u ₆ = f ) :

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Based on the assumption that the rotor, which assumes a zero position when stationary, generates an Ω signal corresponding to U3 at the output of the rotor position sensor 2 and that, due to the positive half-wave of the mains voltage u=f(t), an Ω signal corresponding to U]_ is also present at the output of the first part 3.1 of the mains voltage signal former 3 and since no motor current is yet flowing, a switch-on signal is given to the triac 7 via the driver device 6 due to the AND condition being fulfilled at the first part 5.1 of the logic circuit 5, which thereby connects the single-phase synchronous motor 1 to the AC voltage source L1;L2; the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is thus energized by being fed with a positive half-wave of the AC voltage source L1;L2, so that its rotor begins to rotate and is accelerated.

The control voltage for the triac 7 is advantageously switched off after the motor current sensor 4 has detected that the stator winding of the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is being energized via its output signal U5=f(t) in order to keep the current consumption from the power supply unit 8 as low as possible. However, the triac 7 remains switched on as long as the motor current determined by the mains voltage, motor inductance, the voltage induced in the motor winding by the permanently excited rotor and the ohmic voltage drop continues to flow.

If, when the positive half-wave of the AC voltage source L1;L2 is switched on for the first time - as described above - the rotor rotation movement generated is not sufficient to bring the rotor into the next zero position, the rotor position sensor 2 will not change its signal level according to the voltage curve U3, i.e. will continue to emit an �EEgr; signal. Since during the now following negative half-wave of the AC voltage source L1;L2 an L signal is sent from the first circuit part 3.1 of the mains voltage signal former 3 to the first part 5.1 of the logic circuit 5, its AND condition is

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requirement is not fulfilled, so that no switch-on command is present at the triac 7 and thus the connection of the alternating voltage source Ll;L2 with the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is interrupted.

Due to the now unfulfilled AND condition, no switch-on command is given to the triac 7 by the first part 5.1 of the logic circuit 5, so that it is opened when the current reaches zero and thus the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is not supplied with current during the negative half-wave. During the subsequent positive half-wave of the AC voltage source L1;L2 and the still pending �EEgr; signal according to U3 of the rotor position sensor 2, the single-phase synchronous motor 1 is supplied with current and accelerated further with the triac 7 now closed again during the positive half-wave.

If the second zero position of the rotor is now reached, the rotor position sensor 2 emits an L signal corresponding to U4 in FIG 3, which is inverted by an inverting part 5.3 in the second part 5.2 of the logic circuit 5, so that a �EEgr; signal from the rotor position sensor 2 is given to the second part 5.2 of the logic circuit 5. Since the second part 3.2 of the mains voltage signal former 3 also provides an ε signal according to u^=f(t) during a negative half-wave of the AC voltage source L1;L2 and since no motor current is yet flowing, the AND link in the second part 5.3 of the link circuit 5 is fulfilled, so that a switch-on signal is again sent to the triac 7 via the driver device 6 and after it is switched on, the single-phase synchronous motor 1 can now be accelerated further in the area between the second zero position and the first zero position by feeding it with one or more negative half-waves of the AC voltage source L1;L2. Due to this control shown, a motor current curve 5 according to i=f(t) is then obtained as shown in FIG 9.

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FIG. 2 shows, according to an embodiment of the invention, a simplification of the device according to FIG. 1, such that, by omitting the motor current sensor 4, the switch-on command to the triac 7 is not dependent on the detected motor current but rather on a simple timing element 9.

FIG 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention, an alternative to the embodiment according to FIG 1 or FIG 2; the switching off of the ignition pulse for the triac 7 is dependent on the detection of the forward voltage across the switching path of the triac 7, e.g. by means of a voltage sensor 11, which compares a positive or negative voltage at the switching path of the triac 7 with predetermined reference voltages in the manner of a window comparator and, when a forward voltage is detected at the triac 7, sends a corresponding signal via its output to the first part 5.1 or second part 5.2 of the logic circuit 5 and, similarly to the current detection described for FIG 1, prevents or cancels the ignition pulse for the triac 7. Compared to motor current detection, a clearly detectable signal determined by the mains voltage amplitude is obtained with lower measurement loss.

FIG 4 shows an advantageous use of the device according to the invention for taking into account the phase shift between the motor current on the one hand and the motor voltage on the other hand or the so-called current angle between the current position of the rotor on the one hand and its respective currentless rest position, e.g. in the case of a stepped pole. In order to nevertheless ensure maximum motor torque, the switch-on pulse and thus the ignition point of the triac 7 is brought forward; this is done according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular with an advantageous arrangement of the position sensor within the air gap and in the area between two adjacent rotor poles and with advantageous excitation of the forward

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preferably designed as a Hall element 2 position sensor by the rotor magnetic field, which is particularly excited by a permanent magnet, itself in that the signals from the supplying alternating voltage are sent via a delay circuit 10 to the logic circuit 5 and thus to the control of the triac 7 and are then passed on by reversing the signs of the positive and negative voltage half-wave signals. In FIG 4, the latter is achieved by crossing the connecting lines between the outputs of the first part 3.1 and the second part 3.2 of the mains voltage signal former 3 and the inputs of the first part 5.1 and the second part 5.2 of the logic circuit 5; overall, this results in the desired advance of the switch-on pulse.

In an advantageous manner, using the previously explained device, it is also possible to provide protection against an undesirable direction of rotation when driving a drain pump, in particular, e.g. in the case of strong imbalanced vibrations in the washing machine or in the case of backflow of drain liquid. According to FIG. 5, in addition to the first position sensor 2, a further position sensor 12.1 is provided, which is spatially offset on the circumference. Both position signals are sent to a comparison circuit 12.2, in particular in the form of a flip-flop. If an incorrect direction of rotation is detected, e.g. due to the sign of the signal difference, the control of the triac 7 is blocked via the logic circuit 5.

FIG 6 shows a further simplification using the circuit known from FIG 4 in another context in such a way that, without using a further rotary position sensor, the time-delayed signal to be compared with the signal from the first position sensor 2 is obtained from the voltage signal delayed via the delay circuit 10, which in the present case is connected to the second part 5.2 of the connection.

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ction circuit 5; the output signal of the position sensor 2 is connected to the input of the first part 5.1 of the logic circuit 5.

In both of the above cases, according to a further embodiment, depending on the detection of an incorrect direction of rotation, a timer 12.3 connected downstream of the comparison circuit 12.2 is switched on, which blocks the ignition option for the triac 7 only for a definable time.

FIG 7 shows, in a further embodiment of the invention, the simple switching of the device for driving the synchronous motor to a reduced power consumption after the run-up to synchronism by means of a corresponding phase control. For this purpose, in the simplest case, for example, after a certain starting time, which can be set by a starting time element Tg, the ignition times of the triac 7 are simply shifted to later ignition times by at least one delay circuit 10 or 14 connected upstream of one voltage half-wave or, as shown in FIG 7, by delay circuits 10, -14 connected upstream of both voltage half-waves 0.

If the output signal of a current sensor 4 (FIG. 1,4,5,6,7), e.g. according to U5=f(t) in FIG. 9, or of a voltage sensor 11 (FIG. 3) is also present at the inputs of the logic circuit 5, the AC voltage switch is additionally dependent on an L level of this signal voltage.
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FIG 8 shows a further simplification of the device according to FIG 3 in that, in order to form the switch-on command for the AC switch, the reference signal for the respective AC voltage is tapped directly on the supply voltage level above the switching path of the AC switch 7 and thus on a separate

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Logic signal intermediate level with an upstream mains voltage signal former 3 connected directly to the supplying AC voltage source L1;L2 according to FIG 1 to FIG can be dispensed with; the control signal for the AC voltage switch 7 is generated directly from the voltage tapped off via its main connection terminals of its switching path and, when the specified connection with the signal of the position sensor 2 is fulfilled in the sense of the desired torque generation, is passed on to the AC voltage switch 7 as a switch-on pulse. In this embodiment, essential circuit parts can be used jointly for both switching on and voltage-dependent switching off - as shown in FIG 3 - whereby the function of the components of the voltage sensor 11 and the driver 6 according to FIG 3 are expediently also taken over by the link circuit 4 according to FIG 8; A first circuit part 4.1 is responsible for processing the positive half-wave of the alternating voltage parallel to the terminals of the alternating voltage switch 7 and the second circuit part is responsible for processing the corresponding negative half-wave.

The AC voltage switch 7 is switched on dependent on a logic circuit 4 in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by a positive half-wave at the switching path of the AC voltage switch 7 and an &EEgr; signal from the position sensor 2 or in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by a negative half-wave at the switching path of the AC voltage switch 7 and an L signal from the position sensor 2.

When the AC switch 7 is switched on, the voltage across its switching path collapses to the so-called on voltage, which is no longer sufficient to maintain the switch-on pulse for the AC switch 7 .

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The protective effect naturally includes not only the signal connections described for a so-called positive logic, but also their corresponding inverted assignment for negative logic. 5

Claims (1)

GS577 •·# * S « * ,« etc 13
Protection claims 1. Device for driving a single-phase synchronous motor, in particular for driving a pump drive in a household appliance, with the following features: a) The single-phase synchronous motor (1) is connected to the supplying alternating voltage (L1; L2) via an alternating voltage switch (7), which is switched on by a stop pulse and is then automatically held in this switching state as long as current flows through it in the same direction; b) the AC voltage switch (7) is set in such a way that the rotor of the single-phase synchronous motor (1) is accelerated in one direction of rotation in a first position range by feeding it with half-waves of one polarity and in a subsequent second position range by feeding it with half-waves of the other polarity of the feeding AC voltage source (L1; L2); c) the single-phase synchronous motor is fed by the positive half-waves in the first position range and by the negative half-waves in the second position range, depending on a position sensor (2). 2. Device according to claim 1 with the feature: d) The AC switch (7) is switched off via a motor current sensor (4) depending on the current flow detection by the single-phase synchronous motor (1) in one or the other current direction. 3. Device according to claim 1 with the feature: e) The AC switch (7) is switched off via a voltage sensor (11) depending on the detection of the forward voltage across its switching path. 54 G3 5 7 7 &Iacgr;: :::: &idigr; si. 4. Device according to claim 1 with the feature: f) The AC switch (7) is switched off via a timer (9) depending on the time elapsed after the connection of the single-phase synchronous motor (1) to the AC network (Ll;L2). 5. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: g) The AC voltage switch (7) is switched on dependent on a logic circuit (5) in the case of an &EEgr; signal on the input side, caused by the positive half-wave of the AC voltage supply, and an &EEgr; signal from the position sensor (2) or in the case of an &EEgr; signal on the input side, caused by the negative half-wave of the AC voltage supply, and an &EEgr; signal formed from an L signal from the position sensor (2) by inversion. (FIG 3) 6. Device according to claim 5 with the feature: 0 h) The input-side logic signals for the logic circuit (5) are formed by a mains voltage signal former (3) connected to the supply alternating voltage (Ll;L2). 7. Device according to claim 3 with the feature: i) The AC switch (7) is switched on by a logic circuit (4) in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by a positive half-wave at the switching path of the AC switch (7) and an &EEgr; signal from the position sensor (2) or in the case of an input-side &EEgr; signal, caused by a negative half-wave at the switching path of the AC switch (7) and an L signal from the position sensor (2). G I 5 7 7 8. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: j) A Hall element (2), in particular with a digital output, is provided as a position sensor. 5 9. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: k) The position sensor is located in the air gap of the single-phase synchronous motor in the area between two adjacent poles. 10. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: 1) The rotor is excited by a permanent magnet with at least two poles and has zero positions corresponding to its number of poles, which limit the position ranges. 11. Device according to claim 9 and/or 10 with the feature: m) The position sensor is excited by the rotor magnetic field. . Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, in particular according to one of claims 7-9, with the features: n) The switch-on pulse is brought forward in relation to the alternating voltage of the supplying alternating voltage source (L1; L2) in order to achieve a maximum torque; o) to advance the switch-on pulse, a delay circuit (10) is provided for the signal specification by the supplying alternating voltage and then a sign reversal of the signals of the respective positive and negative half-waves of the supplying alternating voltage source (L1; L2). GS577 . Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: p) The AC voltage switch (7) is switched off dependent on a comparison circuit (12.2) for comparing the sequence of two temporally offset rotation signals of the rotor. 14. Device according to claim 12 with the feature: q) The signals from two position sensors (2 or 12.1) that are spatially offset from one another in the direction of rotation are provided as time-delayed rotation signals. 15. Device according to claim 12 with the feature: r) The signals of a position sensor (2) assigned to one voltage half-wave of the supplying alternating voltage and the course of the other voltage half-wave of the supplying alternating voltage, shifted by a certain angle, in particular delayed, are provided as time-shifted rotation signals.
20 16. Device according to at least one of claims 12-14 with the feature: s) After being switched off by the comparison circuit (12.2), the AC switch (7) is again dependent on being switched on again by a timing element (12.3) arranged downstream of the comparison circuit (12.2). 17. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: t) The AC switch is dependent on a start time element (Tg) and at least one delay circuit (10 or 14) such that after the start time element (Tg) has elapsed, in the sense of a phase connection G 3 5 7 7 cut control is shifted in time by at least one voltage half-wave compared to the signal of the position sensor and the ignition time of the AC switch (7) is delayed.
5 18. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims with the feature: u) The single-phase synchronous motor (1) can be connected to the alternating voltage network (L1; L2) via a semiconductor switch, in particular a triac (7).