DE9317513U1 - FIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ions - Google Patents
FIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ionsInfo
- Publication number
- DE9317513U1 DE9317513U1 DE9317513U DE9317513U DE9317513U1 DE 9317513 U1 DE9317513 U1 DE 9317513U1 DE 9317513 U DE9317513 U DE 9317513U DE 9317513 U DE9317513 U DE 9317513U DE 9317513 U1 DE9317513 U1 DE 9317513U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fia
- cell
- glass fibers
- wavelength detection
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
- G01N35/085—Flow Injection Analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N2021/0357—Sets of cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
- G01N2201/0873—Using optically integrated constructions
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Description
BeschreibungDescription
FIA-Mehrkanalzelle mit Festwellenlängendetektion zur Simultanbestimmung anorganischer IonenFIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for simultaneous determination of inorganic ions
Es sind bereits zahlreiche Durchflußdetektoren mit Festwellenlängen zur Fließinjektionsanalyse [1] bekannt. So z.B. ein Detektor, bei dem längs einer Glaskapillare senkrecht zur Fließrichtung eine Leuchtdiode (LED) und ein Phototransistor einander gegenübergeklebt wurden [2], Zellen, bei denen der Flüssigkeitsweg in einen PVC-Block gebohrt wurde wobei sich entlang des Lichtweges eine LED und eine Photodiode gegenübersitzen [3]. Dabei gibt es auch demontierbare Ausführungen wie beispielsweise in [4, 5] oder etwa Durchflußzellen mit Referenzstrahlengang [6]. Auch die Glasfasertechnik wurde bereits in [7] eingesetzt.Numerous flow detectors with fixed wavelengths are already known for flow injection analysis [1]. For example, a detector in which a light-emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor are glued opposite each other along a glass capillary perpendicular to the flow direction [2], cells in which the liquid path is drilled into a PVC block with an LED and a photodiode opposite each other along the light path [3]. There are also demountable versions such as in [4, 5] or flow cells with a reference beam path [6]. Fiber optic technology has also already been used in [7].
Die bisher beschriebenen Einrichtungen dienten aber nur zur Bestimmung von Einzelkomponenten, nicht aber zur Simultanbestimmung
mehrerer Komponenten in einer Analyse.
Zur Simultanbestimmung wurden in [8] mehrere Einzeldetektoren,
jeweils aus LED, Meß- und Referenzphotodiode bestehend,
entlang einer Glaskapillaren aufgereiht oder es wurde eine Zelle des Typs [3] verwendet, die mit einer Multidiodenlichtquelle
durchstrahlt wurde wobei die Leuchtdioden nacheinander durch die Wahl einer geeigneten Spannung anwählbar
waren [93· Es wurde auch bereits ein sog. "Raster-Scanning-Transducer"
vorgestellt [10], bei dem das Licht verschiedener Leuchtdioden mittels eines Glasfaserbündels durch den Lichtweg
auf eine Photodiode fokussiert wurde.However, the devices described so far were only used to determine individual components, but not to determine several components simultaneously in one analysis.
For simultaneous determination, several individual detectors, each consisting of an LED, a measuring and a reference photodiode, were lined up along a glass capillary in [8] or a cell of type [3] was used, which was illuminated with a multi-diode light source, whereby the light-emitting diodes could be selected one after the other by choosing a suitable voltage [93]. A so-called "raster scanning transducer" has also been presented [10], in which the light from various light-emitting diodes was focused onto a photodiode by means of a fiber optic bundle through the light path.
Durchflusszellen, bei denen die Flüssigkeitskanäle in eine Kunststoffplatte (z.B. PVC) gefräst wurden, hat Ruzicka [11] vorgestelIt.Flow cells in which the liquid channels were milled into a plastic plate (e.g. PVC) were presented by Ruzicka [11].
Der im Schutzanspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, daß eine Zelle zur Simultanbestimmung anorganischer Ionen geschaffen werden soll, die es durch ihre Glasfasersteckverbindungen ermöglichen soll, allein durch die Steckposition einer lichtzu- und abführenden Glasfaser den Reaktionsweg für eine Probe-Reagens-Zone zu determinieren. Ohne aufwendigen Umbau sollte ein leichter Wechsel der Detektorpositionen möglich sein. Zusätzlich sollte eine ideale Ankopplung der Reaktionsstrecke an den Detektor, also ein totvolumenarmer übergang erreicht werden.The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem that a cell for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ions should be created, which, through its glass fiber plug connections, should make it possible to determine the reaction path for a sample-reagent zone simply by the plug position of a light-supplying and light-dissipating glass fiber. It should be possible to easily change the detector positions without complex conversion. In addition, an ideal coupling of the reaction path to the detector, i.e. a transition with little dead volume, should be achieved.
Dieses Problem wird mit den in Schutzanspruch 1 aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst.This problem is solved with the features listed in claim 1.
Die Glasfasern können nun nach Belieben an verschiedenen Positionen
in der Zelle eingesteckt werden, um beispielsweise die Reaktionskinetik einer Farbbildung und die gleichzeitig
ablaufende Kinetik der Verdünnung des Probe-Reagenz-Pfropfes im Fließsystem verfolgen zu können. Das sollte deshalb sehr
hilfreich sein, da eine genaue Berechnung dieses Verhaltens der Probe-Reagens-Zone bis heute nicht möglich ist.
Der spezielle Aufbau der Meßzelle erlaubt, daß auch Komplexe nebeneinander bestimmt werden können, deren Absorptionsmaxima
sehr dicht beieinander liegen. Dabei sollte derjenige Detektionspunkt für einen Komplex, der schnell gebildet wird,
in der Meßzelle sehr weit vorne liegen, für einen langsamer entstehenden Farkomplex wird der Meßpunkt dagegen so gewählt
werden, daß eine möglichst lange Reaktionsstrecke durchlaufen werden kann. Zusätzlich zu einer physikalischen Trennung
zweier Komponenten durch die Wahl der Meßwellenlänge ist hier
also auch noch eine kinetische Diskriminierung möglich.
Die Wahl der "optimalen" Reaktionsstrecke (und damit auch der Reaktionszeit) ist nun durch einfaches Umstecken der Glasfasern
möglich.The glass fibers can now be inserted at various positions in the cell as desired in order to be able to follow, for example, the reaction kinetics of color formation and the simultaneous kinetics of the dilution of the sample-reagent plug in the flow system. This should be very helpful because an exact calculation of this behavior of the sample-reagent zone is not possible to date.
The special design of the measuring cell allows complexes whose absorption maxima are very close to each other to be determined side by side. The detection point for a complex that is formed quickly should be very far forward in the measuring cell, whereas for a complex that forms more slowly the measuring point should be chosen so that the reaction path can be as long as possible. In addition to a physical separation of two components by choosing the measuring wavelength, kinetic discrimination is also possible here.
The selection of the "optimal" reaction distance (and thus also the reaction time) is now possible by simply re-plugging the glass fibers.
Bei der hier vorgestellten Flußzelle handelt *es sich also um eine sehr flexible Meßapparatur für die simultane Bestimmung von Ionen in wäßrigen Probelösungen. Man kann für beinahe jedes photometrische Analysenverfahren in einer wäßrigen Matrix (beispielsweise Prozeßanalytik) ein "maßgeschneidertes Analysensystem" zusammenstellen und ohne allzugroßen Umbau der Peripherie alle für Simultanbestimmungen benötigten chemischen und physikalischen Parameter einstellen.The flow cell presented here is therefore a very flexible measuring device for the simultaneous determination of ions in aqueous sample solutions. A "tailor-made analysis system" can be put together for almost any photometric analysis method in an aqueous matrix (for example process analysis) and all the chemical and physical parameters required for simultaneous determinations can be set without having to modify the peripherals too much.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist in Schutzanspruch 2 angegeben.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2.
Die Weiterbildung nach Schutzanspruch 2 ermöglicht das öffnen der Durchflußzelle zu Reinigungszwecken der Kanäle, was vor allem dann wichtig wird, wenn die Apparatur zu Messungen von Industrieabwässern oder Prozeßlösungen eingesetzt wird.The further development according to claim 2 enables the flow cell to be opened for cleaning purposes of the channels, which is particularly important when the apparatus is used to measure industrial waste water or process solutions.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 erläutert. Es zeigen:An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2. They show:
Fig. 1 Draufsicht auf den Kern der Meßzelle mit den
eingefrästen Kanälen ohne DeckplatteFig. 1 Top view of the core of the measuring cell with the
milled channels without cover plate
Fig. 2 die gesamte Meßzelle mit den festeingeklebten Glasfasern und drei Paaren von Lichtleitern einer hier
nicht beschriebenen externen Detektoreinheit mit
Leuchtdioden als Lichtquellen und Photodioden als
EmpfängerFig. 2 the entire measuring cell with the glued glass fibers and three pairs of light guides of a
not described external detector unit with
Light-emitting diodes as light sources and photodiodes as
Recipient
Aufbau der Meßzelle:Structure of the measuring cell:
In einen Kunststoffblock (z.B. PVC) (5) werden die Licht- und Flüssigkeitskanäle (2) hineingefräst. Jeweils gegenüberliegend werden nun Glasfaserstücke (1), deren äußere Ummantelung so weit wie nötig abgezogen wurde, so festgeklebt, daß zwischen ihnen ein Lichtweg freibleibt.The light and liquid channels (2) are milled into a plastic block (e.g. PVC) (5). Opposite each other, pieces of glass fiber (1), whose outer sheath has been stripped off as far as necessary, are glued in place so that a light path remains free between them.
Die Stirnflächen aller Glasfasern müssen dabei sehr glatt sein, um eine gute Lichtein- und auskopplung zu ermöglichen.
Die Durchflußzelle wird mit einer (in den beiden Figuren
nicht dargestellten) Kunststoffolie und einer Metallplatte
(der Übersichtlichkeit halber ebenfalls nicht dargestellt) verschlossen und fest mit der Grundplatte (9), auf der die
ganze Zelle montiert ist, verschraubt. Ebenfalls auf dieser Grundplatte befinden sich zwei weitere Metallblöcke (6), in
welche die Enden der in der Meßzelle fixierten Glasfaserstükke fest eingeklebt werden. In den beiden Blöcken (6) befinden
sich konisch verlaufende Bohrungen (7),, die ein positionsgenaues
Einstecken der "Analysenglasfasern" der (hier nicht beschriebenen) Detektoreinheit ermöglichen. Die einsteckbaren
Glasfasern (10) lassen sich dabei mit Schrauben (8) fixieren.The end faces of all glass fibers must be very smooth to enable good light coupling and decoupling.
The flow cell is sealed with a plastic film (not shown in the two figures) and a metal plate (also not shown for the sake of clarity) and is firmly screwed to the base plate (9) on which the entire cell is mounted. Also on this base plate are two further metal blocks (6) into which the ends of the glass fiber pieces fixed in the measuring cell are firmly glued. In the two blocks (6) there are conical holes (7) which enable the "analysis glass fibers" of the detector unit (not described here) to be inserted in a precise position. The plug-in glass fibers (10) can be fixed with screws (8).
Literatur zum "Stand der Technik"Literature on the "state of the art"
[1] J. Möller; "Flow Injection Analysis" in: Analytiker-Taschenbuch,
Band 7; Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, Heidelberg, New-York (1988) 199-275[1] J. Möller; "Flow Injection Analysis" in: Analytiker-Taschenbuch, Volume 7; Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1988) 199-275
[2] D. Betteridge, W.C. Cheng, E.L.Dagless, P. David, T.B.
Goad; Analyst 108 (1983) 1-16[2] D. Betteridge, WC Cheng, ELDagless, P. David, TB
Goad; Analyst 108 (1983) 1-16
[3] D. Betteridge, E.L.Dagless, B. Fields, N.F. Graves;
Analyst 103 (1978) 897-909[3] D. Betteridge, ELDagless, B. Fields, NF Graves;
Analyst 103 (1978) 897-909
[4] M. Trojanowicz, W.Augustyniak, A. Hulanicki;
Microchimica Acta II (1984) 17-25[4] M. Trojanowicz, W.Augustyniak, A. Hulanicki;
Microchimica Acta II (1984) 17-25
[5] P.K. Dasgupta, H.S. Bellamy, H. Liu, J.L. Lopez, E.
Loree, K. Morris, K. Petersen, K.A. Mio; Talanta
40 NoI (1993) 53-74[5] PK Dasgupta, HS Bellamy, H. Liu, JL Lopez, E.
Loree, K. Morris, K. Petersen, KA Mio; Talanta
40 NoI (1993) 53-74
[6] P.J. Worsfold, J.R. Clinch; Analytica Chimica Acta
197 (1987) 43-50[6] PJ Worsfold, JR Clinch; Analytical Chemistry Acta
197 (1987) 43-50
[7] P.C. Hauser, S.S. Tarn, J. Cardwell, R.W. Catrall; Analyst 113 (1988) 1551-[7] P.C. Hauser, S.S. Tarn, J. Cardwell, R.W. Cathar; Analyst 113 (1988) 1551-
[8] D.J. Hooley, R.E. Dessy; Anal. Chem 55 (1983) 313-320[8] D.J. Hooley, R.E. Dessy; Anal. Chem 55 (1983) 313-320
[9] M. Trojanowicz, J. Szpunar-Lobinska, Z. Michalski; Microchimica Acta I (1991) 159-169[9] M. Trojanowicz, J. Szpunar-Lobinska, Z. Michalski; Microchimica Acta I (1991) 159-169
[10] E. Bratz, F.X. Hecht, H. Tiltscher; GIT Fachz. Lab. 10 (1992) 980-984[10] E. Bratz, F.X. Hecht, H. Tiltscher; GIT Fachz. Lab. 10 (1992) 980-984
[11] J. Ruzicka; Analytica Chimica Acta 161 (1984) 1-25[11] J. Ruzicka; Analytica Chimica Acta 161 (1984) 1-25
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9317513U DE9317513U1 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | FIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ions |
| DE4429846A DE4429846C2 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1994-08-23 | Measuring system with flow cell for flow injection analysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9317513U DE9317513U1 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | FIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE9317513U1 true DE9317513U1 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
Family
ID=6900758
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9317513U Expired - Lifetime DE9317513U1 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | FIA multi-channel cell with fixed wavelength detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic ions |
| DE4429846A Expired - Fee Related DE4429846C2 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1994-08-23 | Measuring system with flow cell for flow injection analysis |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4429846A Expired - Fee Related DE4429846C2 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 1994-08-23 | Measuring system with flow cell for flow injection analysis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (2) | DE9317513U1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19507638A1 (en) * | 1995-03-04 | 1996-09-05 | Danfoss As | Analyzer |
| EP2717044A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-09 | Metrohm Ag | Method for detecting analytes |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19615957A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-23 | Hans Joachim Bruins | Distribution device |
| DE29607239U1 (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1996-06-05 | J & M Analytische Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, 73431 Aalen | Capillary holder |
| US6084683A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 2000-07-04 | Bruno; Alfredo Emilio | Optical detection apparatus for chemical analyses of small volumes of samples |
| DE19622847A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-11 | Danfoss As | Analysis device and analysis method |
| DE19905983C2 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-09-06 | J & M Analytische Mess & Regeltechnik Gmbh | Method of making a capillary holder |
| DE19909692C1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-03-16 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Measurement cell assembly for investigation of rapid chemical reaction in continuous flow, comprises transparent layers forming chambers in which reagents and products are separately analyzed by optical spectroscopy |
| DE10016023C2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-01-30 | Glukomeditech Ag | Flow measuring cell and its use |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3129477A1 (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-04-01 | The Coca-Cola Co., 30301 Atlanta, Ga. | Method and measuring device for measuring the degree of conversion to caramel of a flowable compound |
| DE3412620A1 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1985-10-17 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | LASER OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DISPERSION IN FLOWING SYSTEMS |
| US4761047A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1988-08-02 | Kei Mori | Light rays radiation cloth for medical treatment |
| DE3737604C2 (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1991-10-31 | Gesellschaft Fuer Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh (Gbf), 3300 Braunschweig, De | |
| DE4135814A1 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-05-07 | Labsystems Oy | METHOD FOR GUIDING LIGHT |
| DE4038354A1 (en) * | 1990-12-01 | 1992-06-11 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik | ART measurement probe, esp. for infrared spectroscopy - has single fibre forming light inlet, outlet and sensor, |
| DE4116431A1 (en) * | 1991-05-18 | 1992-11-19 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Optical measuring unit with optical receiver and first measuring cell - has light wave conductor with which optical transmitter and optical receiver form transmitting and receiving system for transmitting bidirectional signals |
-
1993
- 1993-11-16 DE DE9317513U patent/DE9317513U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-08-23 DE DE4429846A patent/DE4429846C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3129477A1 (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-04-01 | The Coca-Cola Co., 30301 Atlanta, Ga. | Method and measuring device for measuring the degree of conversion to caramel of a flowable compound |
| DE3412620A1 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1985-10-17 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | LASER OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DISPERSION IN FLOWING SYSTEMS |
| US4761047A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1988-08-02 | Kei Mori | Light rays radiation cloth for medical treatment |
| DE3737604C2 (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1991-10-31 | Gesellschaft Fuer Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh (Gbf), 3300 Braunschweig, De | |
| DE4135814A1 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-05-07 | Labsystems Oy | METHOD FOR GUIDING LIGHT |
| DE4038354A1 (en) * | 1990-12-01 | 1992-06-11 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik | ART measurement probe, esp. for infrared spectroscopy - has single fibre forming light inlet, outlet and sensor, |
| DE4116431A1 (en) * | 1991-05-18 | 1992-11-19 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Optical measuring unit with optical receiver and first measuring cell - has light wave conductor with which optical transmitter and optical receiver form transmitting and receiving system for transmitting bidirectional signals |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19507638A1 (en) * | 1995-03-04 | 1996-09-05 | Danfoss As | Analyzer |
| EP2717044A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-09 | Metrohm Ag | Method for detecting analytes |
| WO2014053427A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-10 | Metrohm Ag | Method for detecting analytes |
| CN104903723A (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2015-09-09 | 瑞士万通集团公司 | Method for detecting analytes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4429846C2 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| DE4429846A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
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