DE9314151U1 - Solar energy control and distribution system - Google Patents

Description

- 2 Description

Solar energy control and distribution system

It is known to supply electrical consumers with electricity from photovoltaic solar generators. To do this, it is usual to temporarily store the electricity generated by the solar generators in batteries using separate charge controllers and then supply the consumers with electricity directly or via an inverter. The disadvantages of the known energy control and distribution systems are the high cost of installation and the low level of security against the consequences of incorrect switching, so that the installation of such solar systems can only be carried out by a specialist.

To eliminate these deficiencies, DE-OS 36 11 544 proposes arranging the accumulator, charge controller and inverter in a control device that is spatially assigned to a solar module. When using several solar modules, the individual control devices can be plugged directly into one another, which can reduce the installation effort.

Even with this solution, the power consumption of the separate charge controllers and any separate protective circuits has a negative effect on the efficiency of the entire solar energy system.

The invention specified in the protection claim is based on the problem of creating an energy control and distribution system that is easy to install, offers a high level of security against errors when connecting the individual components of a solar energy system and does not negatively influence the efficiency of the system.

This problem is solved with the features listed in the protection claim.

The invention ensures that the cost of installing a solar energy system is significantly reduced. By integrating the charge control circuit and the protective circuits that protect against all possible faults in a central control circuit, damage to the components of the solar system is excluded, so that the installation can also be carried out by a non-specialist.

An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the block diagram shown in the figure.

In the example shown, solar modules Bl .. Bn equipped with separate charge controllers can be connected directly to the battery 10 via the connection terminals AK2 (until the maximum battery charging current is reached). This makes it possible to include existing solar modules in the solar energy control and distribution system according to the invention. The unregulated solar modules Al .. An, as well as the battery 10 and the connection terminals AK3 for the direct current consumers Gl .. Gn are connected to the central control circuit 1, with a circuit breaker 2 controlled by the central control circuit 1 being arranged in the supply line to the direct current consumers. The circuit breakers 2 and 3 are equipped with a temperature sensor so that the consumers can be switched off if the circuit breakers 2 and 3 overheat. A separate connection terminal AK4 is provided for connecting alternating current consumers Wl .. Wn operated via an inverter.

During charging, the solar generator current flows from the unregulated inputs on the AKl terminals via the power switch 3 controlled by the central control circuit 1 into the battery 10 with low losses. Before the gassing voltage is reached, the charging process is switched off in order to prevent overcharging of the battery 10 (loss of electrolyte, damage to the electrodes). If the battery voltage drops

below a certain voltage, it switches back to full charging mode.

If the battery voltage falls below the deep discharge threshold during discharge operation, the DC consumers Gl .. Gn are disconnected from the battery 10 by the deep discharge protection circuit of the central control circuit 1 and the power switch 2. The DC consumers are automatically switched back on when a minimum charge is present. By switching on larger consumers, it is possible that the battery voltage briefly drops below the deep discharge threshold without there actually being a deep discharge. In order to avoid the deep discharge protection circuit being triggered in such cases, the load is switched off with a time delay. The "deep discharge" status is displayed by the LED 8 in energy-saving flashing mode.

If a discharge current of 150 A is exceeded, the consumers are immediately switched off by the circuit breaker 2, with the status "short circuit in the consumer circuit" being displayed by LED 6.

The LEDs 4, 5 and 7 also display the status "solar voltage" as well as the error states "overtemperature of the circuit breakers" and "reverse polarity of the battery", whereby the central control circuit 1 always switches off the consumers via the circuit breaker 2. After switching off the main switch 9, the displayed error can be eliminated by the operator. Since the individual protective circuits are already effective in the installation phase, a high degree of safety against damage to the system is ensured.

Claims (1)

TRONIC-TECH GmbH
Weissenseer Str. 52 99610 Sömmerda Claim for protection Solar energy control and distribution system for photovoltaic island systems with control and regulation devices arranged in a housing, characterized in that connection terminals for several regulated and/or unregulated solar modules, for several consumers and for batteries are arranged in or on the compact housing, that the individual inputs and outputs are connected to a central control circuit (1) controlling a circuit breaker (2) which contains a charge control circuit, an overtemperature protection circuit, a short-circuit protection circuit, a battery polarity reversal protection circuit and a deep discharge protection circuit, that the individual control and protection circuits of the central control circuit (1) are connected to status display elements (4; 5; 6; 7; 8) arranged in the housing and that a main switch (9) which can be operated from the outside is arranged in the compact housing.