DE9302560U1 - Plant for the separation of shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different specific density - Google Patents

Description

2O.ü2.y3. JH/m

- 1 Description

A non-prepublished process according to patent application P 42 05 767.1-16 describes the separation of shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different specific density and is characterized by the following process steps:

a): Dry or wet shredding of the delivered plastics, preferably to a particle size of about 2 0 - 6 0 mm,

Introducing the crushed particles into a swimming pool in which the plastic particles are separated from heavier foreign matter, such as metal objects, sand, etc., in such a way that a horizontal flow is created at the upper part of the elongated container in the direction of the overflow on the opposite side, and then the plastic particles exit at the overflow and the foreign matter is drained off at the lower end, and the liquid separation medium is filtered and returned to the circuit.

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b): then the,if applicable, between

dried plastic particles are introduced into an air sifter designed as a sieve tube, in which residual liquid drips off

can be separated in the air sifter by blowing in air film plastic particles (FKSTP) from dimensionally stable plastic particles (FSTKSTP) in such a way that the

FSTKSTP is already carried out at the end of the wind sifter due to its lower air resistance and the FKSTP is carried further due to its higher air resistance and in

collected in separate containers and the air escapes at the end,

c): then the FKSTP is introduced into a dispensing tank and mixed by stirring, in particular by lateral stirring, with a circulating

separation medium into a sufficiently homogeneous mixture, or the FSTKSP is re-crushed to a grain size of approximately 3-6 mm and then in the same way into a

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Introduced into the washing container and

a circulating separation medium into a sufficiently homogeneous mixture, and the liquid separation medium for

FKSTP and FSTKSP are set between the fractions of the plastic particles to be separated,

d): Pumping out the approximately homo

mixture of substances into one or more separation containers one after the other or next to each other preferably from bottom to top through a

of the separation vessel arranged, vertical riser pipe and exit of the mixture in a deflected, almost horizontal direction into a, at an angle

outwardly expanding space, which, expressed in cross-section, consists of the angle of the upper and lower cone parts standing on top of each other and an imaginary line between

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the corner points of the boundary lines of the

conical parts, and this geometric space is also defined by the length of the upper and lower conical surfaces, in cross-section

is formed, whereby the angle of the geometric space is so large that the flow velocity of the particles continuously decreases and these are converted into a laminar

flow and without air entering the material system, from the geometric space into the cylindrical space of the separation vessel and

with a climbing frame.

speed of the light fraction and a sinking speed

density of the heavy fraction due to the different specific densities of the particles in the upper

The riser and the lower sinking chamber of the cylindrical chamber, which are practically separated by the centrally arranged cone parts, are separated into fractions in a liquid

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Trenrimdium, whose specific

Density is set between the specific densities of the fractions to be separated and is kept constant, and that an addition

of surface-active substances, preferably non-ionic ones, and the entry speed of the mixture into the geometric space is not so high,

that particles are pressed against the cylindrical side wall and can thereby enter a turbulent flow, and the separated fractions in

an upper and a lower conical space, which are connected to the cylindrical space of the drying container, and in these spaces a compression of the

Particles in the separation medium (specific bulk density, g/cm ),

e) : and the separated particles at the top and bottom of the flooded separation vessel with the

Separation medium must be carried out,

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-&Ogr;&Igr; this is filtered or centrifuged and returned to the induction tank in the circuit and the separated specific lighter and and the

The specifically heavier fraction of the plastic particles is dried to a residual moisture content of about 0.5 % and is either introduced into the following separation stage for further separation into fractions down to the type unit, or is discharged as an already pure type fraction.

A non-pre-published system for the separation of shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different specific density according to the European

ian patent application 93102210.7 is characterized by the following stages:

1). Pre-grinding of the plastic mixture in a grinding mill (1) to a particle size of about 20 - 60 mm

and feeding into an elongated pre-separation basin (2) with a bottom surface inclined in the direction of flow with horizontal flow for separating heavier contaminants and foreign substances at the bottom,

Withdrawal with pump (3) via filter (4) to separate this fraction in a collecting tank (5) and return of the liquid phase to the pre-separation tank (2) and overflow of the plastic

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particles at the upper overflow (6)

and introduction into an air separator (7) for separating the fractions by blowing in air into a fraction with lower air resistance made up of dimensionally stable plastic particles (FSTKSP) (8) in a conical container (9) located underneath and into a fraction with higher air resistance made up of films in a conical container (10) located next to it and the blown air exits the air separator (7) designed as a sieve tube, and the liquid phase is removed

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-δ-

at the conical end of the air sifter (7)

by pump (11) and return via filter (4) into the pre-separation tank (2

2) then in separation stage 1 A, removing plastic films from container (lü)

by pump (12) into a separation tank

(13) for separating the floating plastic film using the flow ^; difference method, and introducing it through filters

(14) into the silo (15) as single-variety

PE film and discharge through a dryer (16) as regranulate, return of the separation medium from the filter

(14) by pump (Ib) into container (10), separation of the sinking residual fraction

and discharge via a filter (19) into a tank (20), return of the separating medium from the filter (19) with a pump (21) into the container (10),

3) then in separation stage 1 B removal of the

dimensionally stable plastics from the conical container (9) into a secondary shredding unit (22) to a grain size of approximately 3-6 mm and introduction into a dispensing container (23) and

Mixing with a circulating separation medium while stirring to a sufficiently homogeneous mixture and pumping with a pump (24) into a separation container (25) for separation

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in the flow difference method with

a specific density of the separation medium between those of the fractions, floating of the light fraction made of PP and HDPE and sinking of the heavy

fraction of PS, PET and PCC, discharge of the light fraction via filter (26) into a container (27) and return of the separation medium by pump (28) into the induction tank (23) and discharge

the heavy fraction via filter (29) into container (4U) and return of the ■■ ' separation medium by pump (31) into container (23),

4) then in separation stage 2 the light fraction from the container (27■) via pump (32) into a separation container (33) for separation in the flow difference process with a specific density of the separation medium between the specific

Densities of the fractions to be separated are introduced, floating of the light fraction,

Pumping to a filter I

(35), introduction of the pure PP fraction into &igr; silo (36), sinking of the heavy

fraction, discharge to filter (37), introduction into silo (38) as pure PE fraction, return of the separated separation medium from filter (37) with pump

(39) in container (27),

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-&Igr;&Ogr;&Igr; 5) then in separation stage (3) the heavy

fraction from the separation vessel (25) in a container (40) with pump (41) is introduced into a separation vessel (42) for separation in

Flow difference process with a specific density of the separation medium between the specific densities of the fractions to be separated, floating of the light fraction

from pure PS, pumping with pump (43) into silo (44), sinking of the heavy fraction, pumping onto filter (45), discharge into tank (46) for the remaining fraction made of PET, PVC,

Return of the separation medium from the filter (45) with pump (47) into container (40),,

6) if necessary, separation stage 4 for separation

the light fraction of PP and HDPE from separation stage IB from separation tank (25),

into pure PP and HDPE in the same way with a separating medium between the diclite difference of the plastics of 0.02,

7) if necessary, separation stage 5 for separating the heavy fraction of PET, PVC from the separation container (42) with a separation medium between the density difference of the plastics of 0.05.

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The subject of the invention is a plant for separating shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different specific density in further development of the process according to patent application P 42 05 767-1-16 and the plant according to European patent application 93102210.7.

It is the object of the invention to further develop the method and the device according to the non-prepublished documents.

The solution to the problem of the invention is defined in claim 1. This claims the partial devices for pretreating the mixture of plastics arising as hazardous waste.

The solution to the problem of the invention in claim 2 requires the post-treatment of the fractions of plastics separated into pure types in the separation device according to the flow difference method.

The solution to the problem of the invention in claim 3 claims an alternative and preferred system for separating the mixtures of plastics that arise in practice into non-sorted fractions.

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The system of the invention consists of

Sub-devices connected to one another by lines, which together form a system.

Figure 1 shows the pretreatment system

the resulting mixtures of plastics.

Figure 2 shows the system for the post-treatment of the plastic fractions separated in the separation device according to the flow difference method.

Figure 3 shows a selected, preferred system for separating mixtures of plastics that arise in practice into non-sorted fractions.

The numbers in the figures mean: Number Divider

1 feed conveyor

2 Inclined conveyor belt

3 Cutting roller shredder 4 Washing unit

5 Pump and filter unit

6 Cutting mill

7 Friction scrubbers

8 Washing unit

9 Dewatering centrifuge

10 Dry silo

11 Extruders

12 storage silo

13 Filling plant
14 generators

15 heat exchangers

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Digit Divider

16 Stirring tanks

17 Pump and filter unit

18 Separator

19 Dewatering centrifuge

20 Dewatering centrifuge

21 Stirring tank

22 Pump and filter unit

23 Separator

24 Dewatering centrifuge

25 Dewatering centrifuge

26 Washing unit

27 Dewatering centrifuge 10a Dry silo

11a Extruders

12a Storage silo

13a Filling system

19a Line for light fraction execution

24a Pipeline for transfer of light fraction

27a Line for execution of heavy fraction

The system of the invention for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of plastic mixtures or the produced, pure fractions of plastics from commercial, municipal and domestic waste

plastic materials offers the possibility of processing them in a continuous, automatically controlled process, and separating them into pure fractions for use in new products or for

the addition to plastics of the same type or compatible with each other.

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The system of the invention further offers the advantage of combining electricity generation with the production of process water through heat exchange.

The system of the invention with its sub-devices connected by lines offers the further advantage that a continuous separation of the mixture of plastics into compatible or pure fractions with a practically complete degree of separation is possible. Thus, only a separation of residual materials such as metal foils and paper takes place, and the introduced mixture of plastics is separated into its fractions with practically no or only very little loss.

The alternative and preferred system of the invention allows to produce pure plastics as granules without costly pre-sorting up to a small difference in specific densities of 0.03 g/cm.
The system of the invention makes it possible to solve the economically important problem of technological separation of plastic mixtures for practically complete recycling.

Claims (3)

20.02.93. JH/m 1 Protection claims 1. Plant for separating shredded plastics of different chemical composition and different specific density in further development of the plant according to patent... ( P 42 05 767.1-16 ) consisting of: the feed belt (1) for the input of the feed material to be separated, the inclined conveyor belt (2) for the further transport of the goods,
the cutting roller shredder (3) for pre-shredding and separating the material, the washing unit (4) for pre-cleaning the plastic ground material and for separating metal parts,
the pump and filter unit (5) for introducing washing water, for filtering and cleaning, for returning it to the shredder (3) . for separating residual materials ,
Conveyor belt and one or two granulators (6) for fine grinding of plastics, with drainage for the discharge of washing water into the pump and filter unit (5), the friction washer (7) for cleaning the ground plastic and for separating paper, 20.02.93 - 2 - ·' the washing unit (8) for cleaning the plastic ground material with introduction and drainage of the washing water into the pump and filter unit (5), the dewatering centrifuge (9) for dewatering and fine-grain separation of the plastic ground material, for drainage of the residual water into the pump and filter unit (5) and for discharging the cleaned plastic ground material for separation in a separation system according to the flow difference method. 20.02.93, JH/m 2. Plant according to claim 1, consisting of: 1 or 2 drying silos (10) for subsequent drying and homogenization of the sorted ground material made of plastic from the separation plant, 1 or 2 extruders XIi) for granulation, of the pure plastic ground material, 1 or more storage silos (12) for intermediate storage and homogenization of granules made of pure plastics,
Filling system (13) for packaging the granulate and discharge, and with the lines for connecting the system parts, and from the power generator (14) for generating electrical energy and process heat, and from the heat exchanger (15) for heat coupling for the removal of process heat into the drying silos as well as into upstream washing units (4) and (8). 20.02.93. YH/m 3. Plant for separating shredded plastics of different chemical compositions and different specific densities in further development of the plant according to patent (P 42 05 787.1-16) consisting of: The 1st stirring tank (Ib) for preparing a suspension for the separation of the plastics,
the 1st pump and filter unit (17) for operating the 1st separator with process water and equipment for its purification, the first separating device (18) for the pure separation of the ground material using the flow difference method, the 1st dewatering centrifuge (19) for dewatering and fine grain separation of the light fraction of the ground material, the line (19a) for the discharge of the light fraction made of plastic, the 2nd dewatering centrifuge (20) for dewatering and fine grain separation of the heavy fraction of the ground material, both dewatering centrifuges (19,20) with discharges of the process water in the pump and filter unit (17), with separation of residual materials, the line (20a) for transferring the heavy fraction into the 2nd stirring tank, the 2nd stirring tank (21) for producing a suspension for the separation of plastics, 2U.02.93. YH/m the 2nd pump and filter unit (22) for operating the 2nd separation device with process water and with equipment for cleaning it, the 2nd separating device (23) for sorting pure separation of the ground material using the flow difference method, the 3rd dewatering centrifuge (24) for dewatering and fine grain separation of the further light fraction of the ground material, the 4th dewatering centrifuge (25) for dewatering and fine grain separation of the other heavy fraction of the ground material, both dewatering centrifuges (24,25) with discharge of the process water into the Pump and filter unit (22), with drainage for the separation of residual materials, the line (24a) for transferring the further light fraction into the washing unit (26) for cleaning the ground material from adhering separation medium, with pipe for the discharge of the further light fraction made of plastic, with discharge of the adhering separation medium into the pump and filter unit (22), the dewatering centrifuge (27) for dewatering and fine grain separation of the other heavy fraction of the plastic ground material, with discharge of the process water into the pump and filter Unit (22), with line (27a) for the discharge of the heavy fraction made of plastic, the lines for connecting the sub-devices.