DE928077C - Method for breeding a single-germ sugar beet seed - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method of growing mono-germinated sugar beet seeds, i. a seed whose seeds are 90% and above, preferably 95% and above, with only sprout on a germ, and on the seeds themselves, as well as on sugar beets, the flowers of which are single-germinated Seeds yield.

The invention is based on the one hand on the wild form Beta lomatogona and on the other hand on a breeding sugar beet. These two plants are crossed according to the invention; Crossing and selection surprisingly leads to a seed that is 90% and more and even 95% and more consists of a single sprouting seed.

Crossing the wild form Beta lomatogona with cultivated forms may have been attempted; it it may also have been found that this cross produces seeds with only one Sprout.

What is new, however, is the knowledge that it is possible ao is, by crossing the single-seeded plants with each other (recognizable in the flower by single flowers) and discarding the plants, which lead to multinucleated seeds (recognizable on multi-stemmed flowers), to a Saat- as easy to get to, which rises practically completely monotonically and leads to the beets, which in turn germinate Seeds yield.

It is also surprising, in addition to the finding that the breeding of such beets or such Seeds are possible at all and that regression, if they exist at all, is so negligible occur to a small extent that from a practically permanent monotone seed may be spoken of, the fact that the sugar content of the growing from this seed Beets are not reduced and the beet weight of the cultivated form is maintained.

Will the propagation and selection under the

Consideration of the preference for broad-leaved plants or beets with broad leaves carried out, the result is a beet with a good sugar content, namely a sugar content that is approximately corresponds to the sugar content of good beets, and of a weight approximately that of the beets resembles the single-germ, with broad leaves that are differentiated from the narrow leaves of the wild form

ίο seed supplies.

The sugar beet seeds on the market are multi-germinated, so that warping, which is annoying, time consuming and costly, is necessary to obtain good beet.

Attempts have been made to obtain mono-germinated seeds by mechanical crushing of the multi-germinated seeds. This comminution leads to losses and damage to the seeds, as the Partly weak plants arise from such a seed.

It may be possible to get monotone seeds by irradiation. With such a Irradiation, however, is a mutation with unmanageable consequences that results in a change the number of chromosomes expresses not to be avoided. Against such an approach speak as well as against mechanical comminution, fundamental reservations against inorganic interference.

A path that naturally leads to the desired success, namely crossing and selection, is in any case preferable to a path that requires inorganic intervention, if the natural one Procedure leads to a usable success, d. H. in this case to a sugar beet seed that is practically completely mono-germinated (a proportion of 5 or 10% mefor-germinated seeds plays a role the practical cultivation of sugar beet does not matter, at least not a decisive role), and to beets of good weight and sugar content, and according to the preferred embodiment Leads to beets with broad leaves, especially if those beets turn single-seeded seeds yield, d. H. be used for propagation to obtain a seed can, in particular to over- 95% from mono-germinal Seed consists.

The following are details of the breeding process and the result of the breeding process, initially in a more general form and then in the form of a specific example, it being noted at the outset that both the The wild form Beta lomatogona as well as the cultivated form had 18 chromosomes (n = 9).

It should be pointed out in advance that in the cultivation method according to the invention, probable through a regression jump, plants yielded which also had monotone seeds supplied, but not sugar beet seeds, but beetroot seeds.

By separating out such beetroot plants, fertilizing such plants with one another and propagation and selection, discarding plants that give rise to multicotial beet seeds lead (recognizable by multi-stemmed flowers) can be according to a variant of the invention Beet seed practically completely (90% and above and preferably above 95%) rise in a single germ, as well as beetroot that produce single germs. Also on a the invention relates to such a breeding process or such a seed or such beetroot.

The wild form Beta lomatogona used for the breeding process according to the invention originated from an expedition to Asia Minor.

The cultivated form came from the inventor's sugar beet cultivation, cultivation direction "N".

The first crossing was made by growing wild beet and cultivated beet next to each other and free blooming for cross-fertilization gained. The seed of all Cultivated beets were harvested together. Theoretically it had to 50% from the fertilization of the siblings Form of culture.

The seeds obtained were laid out in a garden bed and morphological during vegetation Distinguishing features screened. Only such individuals were used as Kreuzuttgfi products considered due to the shape of the leaf, the shape of the petiole and the albeit sufficient Presence of the red factor in the petiole and hypocotyl the safe action of the Lomatogonapollens manifested. These real bastard types became after the vegetation to Rented for the winter, after a pre-selection for smooth, conical cultivated roots had gone through.

The hybrid types obtained were transplanted into a group isolated with a hemp coat. All of the seed clusters showed the maternal quality of polymorphism. Since there are no signs of sterility occurred, both pairs of Erteroi had to have the same number of chromosomes (n = 9). From every seed cone harvested there was ever a plot for hand-sowing. Again, through ongoing observations, those beet types became selected and marked that documented their bastard character. These were then rented after maturity.

The harvested beets were planted in a group and isolated with a hemp coat. Ongoing Observations showed different seed plants with almost completely monotony Seed set. (An attempted insulation of parchment bags These plants to protect against cross-pollination did not achieve the goal, since the seed set did not appear in the bags.)

The remaining branches of the remaining seed carriers with predominantly single-seeded seed attachment were Harvested, the seeds handpicked, whereby all multinucleated clumps were excreted. On average the iooo grain weight is about 8 to iog; for normal seeds it is about 20 to g, more than double that.

The single-germ seed harvest was complied with for the simultaneous test for the tendency to blast

in plots of per.ioo plants sown. Particularly noticeable was the dark green leaf color of all the plots, the less developed Leaf apparatus and occasional appearance of leaf rosettes. All the parcels were free from overburden. All legged beets were excreted again during the harvest. All remaining beets showed on average good root bodies similar to cultivars. The laboratory examination showed that despite the small standing space, the percentage sugar content in half of the beets is not lost had suffered, there were even beets with exceptionally high sugar content.

In the following years, when the flowers began to develop, all of them were constantly monitored Seed carrier carried out. The bag isolation was carried out so that self-pollination had to be done. Part of the work was also to isolate two flower branches from the respective couple partners made in a pouch.

As should be emphasized, it was established that polygermia occurred among all the seed-bearers that were planted only in a small number of cases went beyond the level of digermia. The ones from almost one-germinated Families that developed perennials sometimes showed greater monotony. Leaf shape, position the leaves and red pigmentation began to manifest in the various trunks.

The steady increase in the percentage of monogermia in the isolated plants indicated accessibility of the goal.

In order to achieve absolute monotony more quickly, all strains have been Grown in isolation and provided with a hemp coat. Also were at the time before flowering all obviously multi-germinated plants removed. The harvested seeds were placed in the germination cabinet in the spring germinated, laid out in the Zuehtgarteni and in the autumn in the laboratory after the usual readout moments.

The following table lists some data on the plants used and obtained.

Botanical characteristics of the parents and the cross

The seed of the cultivation obtained is smaller and more compact than that of the cultivated form.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Method for growing a single-germ sugar beet seed by crossing the Wild form Beta lomatogona with a cultivated sugar beet, picking out the single germinated seeds Plants, e.g. B. by selecting the plants with single flowers or 25th Leaf shape Beta lomatogona Culture form Junction 85 narrow-long, lanceolate medium to intermediate Petiole wide 30th long, narrow, long, wide, white long, medium-wide, white and _go pigmented red partly reddish pigmen Leaf position animals upright, partly half upright, only alternating half height and height Leaf color upright tall guys Types, some with rosettes 35 Root shape dark green light green predominantly dark green cylindrical with taper, conical, smooth conical, mostly smooth always vertically in the bo Root color the growing 40 white and pink pure white white, partly pink an- ^loc Lignification ran Ball of seeds very strong small amount medium to low lonely multi-seeded F ι multi-seeded 45 F 2 lonely and more- ¹⁰ 5 lifespan creamy perennial biennial biennial throw the plants with multiple flowers, fertilize the monotonous seeds resulting plants, e.g. B. of plants with single flowers among each other, extraction of seeds from these plants and propagation, optionally with selection, to obtain 90 ^fl / o and above, preferably 95% and above, single-seeded seeds. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by additional selection with preference broad-leaved plants. 1 509507 5.55