DE918990C - Method and device for the separation of gas mixtures - Google Patents
Method and device for the separation of gas mixturesInfo
- Publication number
- DE918990C DE918990C DEM15254A DEM0015254A DE918990C DE 918990 C DE918990 C DE 918990C DE M15254 A DEM15254 A DE M15254A DE M0015254 A DEM0015254 A DE M0015254A DE 918990 C DE918990 C DE 918990C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- column
- condenser
- mixture
- liquid
- gaseous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/30—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using a side column in a single pressure column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/80—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/60—Methane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trennung von Gasgemischen Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung dient vorzugsweise zur Trennung von Gasgemischen aus drei Komponenten oder Komponentengruppen, und zwar aus solchen Gasen, deren Siedepunkte verhältnismäßig weit auseinander liegen, wie z. B. von Erdgas, einem Gemisch aus Methan, Äthan und Stickstoff. Es gelingt nach dem Verfahren, in einer einzigen Rektifizierkolonne mit Kondensator die Trennung durchzuführen und wenigstens eine der Komponenten rein zu erhalten. Mit Hilfe einer kleinen Zusatzkolonne kann auch eine zweite Komponente rein erzeugt werden. Das Verfahren besteht darin, daß zunächst in an sich bekannter Weise der am leichtesten kondensierbare Bestandteil durch teilweise Verflüssigung und Rektifikation des Gasgemisches unter erhöhtem Druck abgetrennt und das versbleibende Gasgemisch in einem Kondensator durch Verflüssigung des zweiten Bestandteils getrennt wird, wobei dieser verflüssigte Bestandteil in einer mit Gasdurchlässen versehenen Wanne aufgefangen und in den Kondensatoraußenraum gedrückt wird, wo er bei erniedrigtem Druck verdampft. Die restliche Komponente wird aus der Kuppel des Kondensators abgeblasen.Method and device for separating gas mixtures The method according to the invention is preferably used to separate gas mixtures from three components or component groups, namely from such gases, whose boiling points are proportionate are far apart, such as B. of natural gas, a mixture of methane, ethane and Nitrogen. According to the process, it is possible in a single rectifying column Carry out the separation with a capacitor and clean at least one of the components to obtain. With the help of a small additional column, a second component can also be added can be generated purely. The method consists in that first in a known per se Way the most easily condensable constituent due to partial liquefaction and rectifying the gas mixture under elevated pressure and separating the remaining Gas mixture separated in a condenser by liquefying the second component is, this liquefied component in a provided with gas passages Trap is caught and pushed into the condenser exterior, where it is lowered when it is lowered Pressure evaporates. The remaining component is blown out of the dome of the condenser.
Mit Hilfe der Zeichnung sei das Verfahren am Beispiel der Erdgaszerlegung erläutert. Ein kleinerer Teil des Rohgases wird auf höheren Druck, z. B. etwa iooa ata, komprimiert und liefert nach Vorkühlung in einem nicht gezeichneten Wärmeaustauscher im Gegenstrom zu rückströmenden, kalten Zerlegungsprodukten und Entspannung in einem Entspannungsventil die für den Trennprozeß nötige Kälte. Der größere Teil des Rohgases wird unter einem Druck von etwa 5 ata und Raumtemperatur durch die Leitung i der Bodenschlange 2 einer RektifiziekolOnne 3 zugeführt, in welcher das .sich am Boden der Kolonne ansammelnde flüssige Äthan-Methan-Gemisch d. aufgekocht wird. Nach dem Verlassen der Bodenschlange wird das Rohgas im Punkt 5 mit dem tiefgekühlten, ebenfalls auf 5 ata entspannten und dabei teilweise verflüssigten Rohgas aus der Leitung 6 vereinigt und auf den mittleren Teil der Kolonne aufgegeben. Durch -den Rekt.ifikationsprozeß sammelt sich das am leichtesten kondensierbare Äthan mit etwas Methan am Boden der Kolonne; während .das gasförmige Restgemisch, d. h. Methan mit dem Stickstoff, nach oben steigt. Durch die Durchlässe 7 einer Wanne oder eines Zwischenbodens 8 tritt das Restgemisch in die Kondensatorrohre g, in denen sich unter Kühlung von außen das Methan in flüssiger Form vom Stickstoff trennt. Während der unreine und in diesem Falle wertlose Stickstoff in die Kuppel io des Kondensators steigt und dort über das Ventil i i abgeblasen wird, sammelt sich das flüssige Methan in der Wanne B. Ein Teil davon wird über -die Leitung 12 auf .die Rektifizierkolonne aufgegeben, der Rest über das Ventil 13 in den Außenraum des Kondensators gedrückt, wo ein Druck von etwa 1,5 ata aufrechterhalten wird. Das in diesem Raum verdampfende und durch die Leitung 1d. abströmende reine Methan liefert die Kondensationskälte für den Kondensator.With the help of the drawing, let the process take the example of natural gas separation explained. A smaller part of the raw gas is at higher pressure, e.g. B. about iooa ata, compresses and delivers after pre-cooling in a heat exchanger (not shown) in countercurrent to backflowing, cold decomposition products and relaxation in one Relief valve the cold necessary for the separation process. The greater part of the raw gas is under a pressure of about 5 ata and room temperature through the Line i of the bottom coil 2 is fed to a rectification column 3, in which the .A liquid ethane-methane mixture accumulating at the bottom of the column d. boiled up will. After leaving the bottom coil, the raw gas in point 5 is mixed with the frozen, also relaxed to 5 ata and thereby partially liquefied raw gas from the Line 6 combined and abandoned to the middle part of the column. Through the In the rectification process, the most easily condensable ethane collects with something Methane at the bottom of the column; while .the gaseous residual mixture, d. H. Methane with the nitrogen, rising to the top. Through the passages 7 of a tub or one Intermediate floor 8, the residual mixture enters the condenser tubes g, in which there are separates the methane in liquid form from the nitrogen with external cooling. While the impure and in this case worthless nitrogen into the dome of the condenser rises and is blown off there via valve i i, the liquid methane collects in the vat B. A part of it is via line 12 to .die rectifying column abandoned, the remainder is pressed through the valve 13 into the outer space of the condenser, where a pressure of about 1.5 ata is maintained. That which is evaporating in this room and through line 1d. pure methane flowing off provides the condensation cooling for the capacitor.
Zum Anfahren der Anlage wird ein Teil des Hochdruckrohgases unmittelbar dem Kondensator zugeführt, so daß sich dort ein Flüssigkeitsbad sammeln kann. Nach und nach kann .dann das Rohgas vom Kondensator wie beschrieben in die Mitte der Säule gegeben werden, wobei die Trennungsprodukte allmählich reiner «-erden, bis der normale Betriebszustand erreicht ist. Schließlich wird ein reines, gasförmiges Methan aus dem Außenraum des Kondensators, unreiner Stickstoff aus der Kuppel des Kondensators und ein flüssiges Gemisch von Äthan und Methan am Boden der Kolonne erhalten. Um :auch reines Äthan zu gewinnen, ist eine kleine Zusatzkolonne 15 erforderlich. In diese wird das Äthan-Methan-Gemisch über die Leitung 16 eingeführt und durch einen Teilstrom des niedrig gespannten Robgases aus der Leitung 17 mittels der Schlange 18 aufgekocht. Über die Leitung ig wird dieser Teil des Rohgases ebenfalls der Kolonne 3 zugeführt, ebenso wie das am Kopf der Zusatzkolonne austretende gasförmige Methan über die Leitung 2o. Durch Leitung 22 wird etwas flüssiges Methan zur Kühlung der Nebenkolonne aus der Wanne 8 zugeführt. Mittels der Leitung 2 1 .kann dann technisch reines Äthan aus der Zusatzkolonne flüssig abgezogen werden.To start up the system, part of the high-pressure raw gas is fed directly to the condenser so that a liquid bath can collect there. Gradually, the raw gas from the condenser can then be added to the center of the column as described, the separation products gradually becoming more pure until normal operating conditions are reached. Finally, a pure, gaseous methane is obtained from the outer space of the condenser, impure nitrogen from the dome of the condenser and a liquid mixture of ethane and methane at the bottom of the column. In order to: also obtain pure ethane, a small additional column 15 is required. The ethane-methane mixture is introduced into this via line 16 and boiled up by means of a partial flow of the low-pressure Rob gas from line 17 by means of the snake 18. This part of the raw gas is also fed to column 3 via line ig, as is the gaseous methane exiting at the top of the additional column via line 2o. Some liquid methane is fed in through line 22 from the tank 8 for cooling the secondary column. By means of line 2 1 .can then technically pure ethane from the auxiliary column can be taken off in liquid.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEM15254A DE918990C (en) | 1952-08-26 | 1952-08-26 | Method and device for the separation of gas mixtures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEM15254A DE918990C (en) | 1952-08-26 | 1952-08-26 | Method and device for the separation of gas mixtures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE918990C true DE918990C (en) | 1954-10-11 |
Family
ID=7296810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEM15254A Expired DE918990C (en) | 1952-08-26 | 1952-08-26 | Method and device for the separation of gas mixtures |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE918990C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4565111A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1986-01-21 | Wirth Maschinen-Und Bohrgerate-Fabrick Gmbh | Device for rotating and axially moving a bolt |
-
1952
- 1952-08-26 DE DEM15254A patent/DE918990C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4565111A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1986-01-21 | Wirth Maschinen-Und Bohrgerate-Fabrick Gmbh | Device for rotating and axially moving a bolt |
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