DE914207C - crankshaft - Google Patents

Description

Crankshaft Crankshafts with roller bearings in the main and connecting rod bearings for internal combustion engines are known. However, around the roller bearing in the crank throw to accommodate the connecting rod or in the case of crankshafts with multiple crankings The crankshaft itself has so far been able to install the main roller bearings as well composed of individual parts. This construction is conditioned by one large amount of work, very expensive and cumbersome to manufacture, as the through Press fit, cones or spur teeth also screwed together from several parts Crankshaft requires the most precise machining of the individual parts. Through the with each production resulting manufacturing tolerances of the individual parts is a never achieve the required accuracy when the crankshaft runs smoothly, so that the smooth running of the crankshaft is jammed and blocked the rolling bearings on the crankshaft must be accepted.

An undivided crankshaft was also occasionally used in small engines with connecting rod mounted on roller bearings with only one crank throw, because only with a crank offset this is possible, used. You could do this crankshaft give only one balance weight on only one crank web. I had to do this at the same time the disadvantage that the mass balance is laterally to the cylinder axis lay and thereby a high speed and the power of the engine hindered and itself a vibration of the engine could not be avoided. This also increased the efficiency the crankcase pump is essential degraded. The lateral guidance the cylindrical rollers in the connecting rod bearing was defective because the lateral guideway was interrupted by the opening of the cylinder rollers. In addition, was missing the connecting rod the lateral guide completely, and a cylinder roller cage could cannot be installed at all or only in a very primitive way. This kind of connecting rod bearing only achieved the partial value of a standardized roller bearing, could only be used as a makeshift and was completely unsuitable for high performance engines. aside from that Due to the peculiarity of the construction, it could not be used for multi-cylinder engines Find. Another solution was to rivet the connecting rod bearings together, but this was one represented a primitive solution.

Undivided balanced crankshafts with roller bearings are also known, However, the connecting rod had to be divided in order to place it on the bearing point of the To be able to bring crankshaft. The split connecting rod, which serves as the outer race, however, does not guarantee that the connecting rod bearing will run properly, such as this is known from the well-known closed outer races.

All of these shortcomings and disadvantages are greatly intended to be the result of the present invention simply fix or the peculiarity of the construction makes a full, cheap, A crankshaft mounted on roller bearings is only possible.

The crankshaft is made in one piece, and the dimensions are held so that the large connecting rod eyes and the main bearing outer rings over the bumps the crank webs can be brought to their respective destination.

With connecting rods and main bearing rings are also on both sides at the same time the connecting rods and main bearing rings guide rings for the guidance of cylindrical rollers, Connecting rods and main bearing rings brought to the destination via the crank webs. In the meantime, the cylindrical rollers can be moved sideways without difficulty Introduce the bearings, if necessary also with a roller guide cage. The one in the right one Positioned and secured roller guide rings take over with the necessary Accuracy of the guidance of the cylindrical rollers, the roller cage, the connecting rod and the Main bearing rings.

The counterweights or centrifugal masses that are punched, pressed, cast or similar, are applied to the cheeks, enclose these and are clamped with screws or the like.

The drawings illustrate an embodiment with and without Cage, namely -Fig. I the side view of that in Fig. 2 partially in section illustrated arrangement of a crankshaft without a cylindrical roller cage (sheet I); Fig 2 shows a partial section of the arrangement shown in Fig. I in the direction A-B (sheet I); Fig. 3 shows the side view of that shown in Fig. 4 in section Arrangement of a crankshaft with a roller cage (sheet 2); Fig. 4 shows a section the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 in direction C-D (sheet 2); Fig. 5 shows the Side view with inserted cylindrical rollers of the section shown in Figure 6 Roller cage without rollers (sheet 2); Fig.6 shows a section of the one shown in Fig.5 Arrangement in direction E-F (sheet 2) Fig. 7 shows a section in direction G-H of Fig. 6 (sheet 2); Fig. 8 shows the split of the cylindrical roller cage (sheet 2); Fig. 9 shows the side view of that shown in Fig. Io partially in section Arrangement of a crankshaft with a flywheel (sheet 3) Fig. Io shows a partial Section in direction I-J of Fig. 9 (sheet 3).

Figs. I and 2 show the structure of a connecting rod and a main bearing taken out in the middle of a crankshaft. This illustrated arrangement has none Cylindrical roller cage. The crankshaft section shown in Fig. I and 2 represents with the main bearing journal I, crank web 2, crank pin 3, crank web 4, Main bearing pin 5 and the only partially drawn crank web 6 the actual Fig. 7 is the connecting rod with the connecting rod eye located at the lower end 8. 9 is the cylinder roller ring in the connecting rod eye 8, rolling on the crank pin 3 is paying attention. To the right of the connecting rod eye 8 is the roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob (also visible as Rand Ioc). The roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob lies with its inner edge partially from the right end face of the cylindrical rollers 9. With The roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob grips its outer edge in front of the side surface of the connecting rod eye 8, and both roller and connecting rod guide rings Ioa with the segments IIc (also visible as cones I3c) and IId (not visible) as well as Iob with the segments IIa and IIb have the task of the lateral distance between the crank web 4 and to hold the connecting rod eye 8 or crank arm 2 with the connecting rod eye 8.

The roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob is of both segments IIa and IIb in its position, as indicated in Figs. I and 2, held. this happens because the crescent-shaped segments IIa and IIb (the one parting line is located at IIe [Fig. I] and the second parting line IIf [Fig.2] this exactly opposite) with their inner circle on the crank pin 3 (Fig. 2), and the The outer circle of these segments IIa and IIb is determined by the edge Ioc of the roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob enclosed. The roller and connecting rod guide ring 10a (section 2) can be seen; that the edge of the roller and connecting rod guide rings Job or 1oa almost over the segments encloses the entire circumference and thus the roller and connecting rod guide ring job in which holds the position shown in Fig. The ones located to the right of the connecting rod eye 8 Segments IIa and IIb as well as roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob are like the roller guide ring Ioa (Fig. 2) with segment IIc (also visible as Pin I3c) and invisible segment IId.

The segments IIa and IIb lie with their back against the crank web 4 and the segments IIc (also visible as pin I3c) and IId (not visible) with the back against the crank web 2 and each with the butt joints, one of which IIf, can be seen in Fig. 2, on the middle of the crank webs.

Outside the crank webs are the segments IIa and IIb with their Parting line IIe (Fig. I) in front of the wart I2a on the crank web 4, and the segments IIc and IId IId (IIc also visible as cones I3c, IId not visible) lie with their Parting line (not visible) in front of the boss I2b on the crank web 2 (Fig. I and 2).

So that the mentioned butt joints, e.g. IIe, on the middle of the warts I2a or I2b and the opposing butt joints, e.g. IIf, of the segments mentioned Remain in the middle of the cheeks 2 and 4, the segments IIa and IIb through the Cones I3a and I3b and by bending these cones on either side of the warts I2a secured against twisting. The same thing happens with the segments IIa (also called Pin I3c visible) and IId (not visible), which are in the connecting rod and roller guide ring Ioa lie and by bending over pins I3c and I3d (I3d not visible) to both Sides of the lug I2b on the crank web 2 are also secured against rotation.

Likewise, the roller and connecting rod guide rings Ioa and Iob secured against twisting by creating an iodine recess in these rings (in the case of roller and connecting rod guide ring Ioa visible, Fig. 2) have a length equal to the width of the crank web, 2. The iodine recess extends over the crank web 2. The same thing happens also with the roller and connecting rod guide ring Iob, which with its recess (in the Drawing not visible), just like the iodine recess, over the crank web 4 grasps.

The drawing and description show that the connecting rod and the cylindrical rollers of this connecting rod bearing described are perfectly guided in axial direction as well as twisting, similar to a standardized roller bearing with outer ring rim guides.

The connecting rod bearing described can be assembled easily and properly, when the individual components are checked by the designer to ensure that they are in the correct proportions to be brought. The groove I5, which enables the insertion, is also used for assembly the last cylindrical rollers in the bearing allows, and the recesses I8a and I8b in segments IIa and IIb also facilitate assembly.

I4a and I4b are the counterweights that are pressed out of sheet metal. Forms by bending the two halves I4e and 14d at the bending point I4e a closed housing. The same happens with I4b, in which the also punched compensating pieces I4f and I4g are inserted and connected to the electrical Point method can be spotted on the inner side walls of the counterweights, then the seam I4k (Fig. 2) is welded as electrically as possible.

Such a balance weight, e.g. I4b in Fig. I, winds on the crank web 4 and grips it over specially shaped lugs I6e and I6f on the crank web 4. These warts I6e and I6f and the recesses I4h and I4j pushed over them of the balance weight I4b are shaped in such a way that when tightening the E.g. I4b, put screw I6 the balance weight I4b with the recesses I4h and I4i on the warts I6e and I6f is absolutely tightened and that in the direction the centrifugal force of the balance weight, I4b these centrifugal forces from the specially shaped Warts I6e and I6f are included.

The screw I6 is laterally adjacent to the bent walls of the Balance weight I4b (Fig. 2). This screw I6 is limited from above by the Compensation piece I4g, and furthermore the screw I6 lies in a recess 4d of the Crank web 4 and thus also gives the balance weight I4b a safety on the side Move. The nuts I6a and I6b are secured with simple speed nuts I6c and I6d secured.

The main bearing visible in section on the main bearing journal 5 in Figs. I and 2 is composed exactly as the connecting rod bearing described on the crank pin 3, but with the difference that the pins I7a and I7b as well the pins I8c and I8d (I8c not visible) in the on both sides of the main bearing ring I9 located roller and now main bearing guide ring inserted segments now not also to secure the segments, as in the case of the connecting rod bearing described Crank pin 3, are bent over, but these pins stay straight and grasp at the main bearing in the respective counterweights in front of it. E.g. Pin I8c and I8d (I8c not visible) into the balance weight I4b (Fig. 2), with which the segments of the main bearings are secured against twisting and the main bearing, similar to the connecting rod bearing described, hold together on the crank pin 3.

The otherwise almost identical arrangement of the structure of the crankshaft in the Fig. 3 and 4 compared to the arrangement in Fig. I and 2 shows that the cylindrical rollers ga are placed on the crank pins 3a and 5a in a cage 2o and 20a, in a with standardized rolling bearings usual way, and the roller cage only does the job has to take care of the distance between the cylindrical rollers. The actual guidance of the cylindrical rollers ga (Fig. 4) take over the cylindrical roller and connecting rod guide rings ioe and iof, just like the cylindrical roller and connecting rod guide rings roa and rob in the already described in fig. i and 2.

In order to be able to install the cylinder roller cage 2o or 2oa, this is divided across into one Way, like this from Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 can be seen. Fig. 5 shows the parting line 2I, which is also shown in Fig. 6 is shown. The same parting line is shown in Fig.7, also with 2I and also Fig.8 with 2I. The parting line of the cylindrical roller cage leads through an offset Roller opening in the cylindrical roller cage, e.g. roller opening 22 in Fig. 6, where between Parting line 2I, roller opening 22 and parting line 22a of the offset can be seen.

The parting line 22a (Fig. 6) can also be found in Fig. 8 with 22a.

To the cylindrical roller cage described above unhindered to be able to bring the crank pin 3a, had to be on the crank web 4a (Fig. 3 and 4) the lug attached to the crank web 4 in Fig. I and 2 is missing. Receives for it the crank pin 3a on this side has a groove 23. The segments engage in this groove 23 24a and 24b, which have the same purpose as the segments of Figs. I and 2. The The segments 24a and 24b are secured against twisting by means of the lugs 24c and 24d, which lay on the side of the crank web 4a.

The version to the left of the crank pin 3a (Fig. 4) between the connecting rod eyes 8a and crank web 2a is exactly the same as that already described in Fig. 2.

The connecting rod bearing described for Fig. 3 and 4 can be easily assembled, when the individual parts are set to the correct proportions by the designer to be brought. The assembly of the main bearing on the is just as easy Main bearing pin 5a (Fig. 3 and 4), which in the construction is the connecting rod bearing on the crank pin 3a (Fig. 3 and 4) is similar to perform.

From Figs. 3 and 4 and the description it can be seen that the transversely divided roller cage 2o (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8) only has the task of keeping the distance of the individual cylindrical rollers while securing the cylindrical rollers on axial displacement and twisting through the cylindrical roller and connecting rod guide rings Ioe and Iof happen.

The flywheel masses are sometimes added to motorcycle engines into the crankcase. Fig. 9 and Io illustrate flywheels pressed from sheet metal as well as the placement of these centrifugal masses on the crankshaft. The flywheel consists, as this shows the right centrifugal mass on the crank web 4b (Fig.Io), of two round sheet metal halves 28a and 28b, which are connected to one another via the arch 28e and are bent together and thus form a closed housing, which inside the also punched counterweights 29a and 29b receives.

The halves 28a and 28b of the flywheels have a punched out Opening in the shape of the crank arm 4b (Fig. 9). These are punched openings pushed over the crank web 4b, as shown in Fig.9 and Io. The screw 3o, which is placed through the arch 28e and partially in a recess 3I of the Crankshaft 4b is, clamps the flywheel by tightening nuts 32a, 32b fixed on the crank web 4b.

The small recesses 33 on the crank cheek 4b were made, thus a whole cylindrical roller cage half, as shown in Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 has been described, can be applied to the crank pin 3b (Fig.Io), and the flywheel 28b has enough despite the deeper recesses 33 Contact surface next to these recesses 33 in order to be clamped.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: I. Crankshaft with any number of balanced Crank throws and roller bearings at all bearing points (connecting rod and main bearings), characterized in that the crankshaft, in addition to counterweights, is made in one piece consists, the rolling elements run directly on the bearing points and the main bearing rings (I9), connecting rod eyes (8) and also roller and main bearing guide rings or roller and connecting rod guide rings (Ioa, Iob) over the various crank heads (2, 4) away to the bearing points (crank pin 3, main bearing pin 5). 2. Crankshaft according to claim I, characterized in that the connecting rod and main bearing is provided with a transversely divided cylinder roller cage (? o, 20a). 3. crankshaft according to claims i and 2, characterized in that the crank webs are compensated for (14a, 28b) are attached, which enclose the crank webs (2, 4, 4b) and. here are clamped.