DE8800034U1 - Pistonless combustion engine (diaphragm engine) - Google Patents

Description

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Description

1. Title :

Pistonless combustion engine (diaphragm engine)

2. Type of object of application :

The invention relates to a pistonless internal combustion engine

(diaphragm motor), particularly as a drive engine for motor vehicles.

3· State of the art and criticism ;

The motor vehicles used in road traffic today are almost exclusively powered by internal combustion engines that are designed as reciprocating piston machines. Other designs, such as the rotary piston engine, have not been able to establish themselves, nor have battery-electric drives. The internal combustion engines in other areas of application also work according to the reciprocating piston principle.

The development and manufacture of reciprocating piston engines is complex, as cylinders, pistons and piston rings in particular are subjected to very high stresses and, despite all efforts, are also subject to high levels of wear and tear and are often the cause of malfunctions. In the combustion chamber of reciprocating piston engines, which is formed by the cylinder, the cylinder head cover and the piston, high combustion pressures and combustion temperatures are generated. The movable and at the same time permanent sealing of the combustion chamber to the crankcase by the piston is of particular importance.

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Therefore, great demands are placed on the materials and their design, namely high strength and dimensional stability, good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, good sliding properties, careful machining of the sliding surfaces and trouble-free lubrication.

Experience has shown that the following damage and malfunctions can occur in the combustion chamber area of the reciprocating piston engine, which can lead to malfunctions and affect the service life of the engine:
cylinder

As the engine is in operation, the cylinder surfaces become noticeably worn, with the result that the combustion chamber can no longer be fully sealed by the piston. Lubricating oil consumption increases because oil enters the combustion chamber and is burned there. Unburned fuel also penetrates the crankcase; the oil there is diluted and loses its lubricating properties. As a result of the increasing wear of the cylinder surfaces, compression decreases, fuel consumption increases and the engine's performance decreases. The wear of the cylinder surfaces also leads to so-called piston tilting and thus to a noisier engine. Harmful combustion residues also cause increased wear of the cylinder surfaces. At low temperatures, a rich mixture is fed to the combustion engine for cold starts; However, uncarburized fuel washes away the lubricating film from the cylinder wall, so that the cylinder surfaces are subject to greater wear.

Pistons :

Dirty air filters, jammed float needle valves and '

Defective automatic starter can lead to fuel flooding \

in the cylinder; piston friction and seizure are the result. Piston damage is also caused by incorrect

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Spark plugs, incorrect carburetor adjustment, lack of oil or unsuitable lubricating oil, overheating of the pistons due to delayed ignition, excessive fuel supply, poor engine cooling.

Piston rings

The compression rings are responsible for the fine sealing of the combustion chambers &bgr; against the crankcase; they are strong

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therefore particularly exposed to corrosion and wear.

Wear of the piston rings leads to loss of performance

and increased oil consumption.

4. Task;

The invention is based on the object of replacing the piston moving back and forth in the cylinder, which serves as a movable seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase, with a fixed membrane in internal combustion engines operating according to the reciprocating piston principle, and thereby simplifying the development and manufacture of the internal combustion engines and reducing their susceptibility to cracking and failure.

5. Solution:

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the piston which moves back and forth in the conventional reciprocating piston engine and which serves as a movable seal of the combustion chamber towards the crankcase is replaced by a fixed and lubrication-free membrane (4) made of a material which is as heat-resistant and flexible as possible, in such a way that the membrane (4) separates the combustion chamber (16), which is part of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder (1), from the hydraulic fluid (3) and the hydraulic piston (2).

6. Achievable benefits;

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are in particular that the use of a membrane as an immovable and lubrication-free seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase achieves a complete and permanent seal, thus reducing the susceptibility to jamming and malfunctions in the combustion chamber area and eliminating the need for complex construction and manufacture of moving and fixed parts.

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7. Description of the implementation example:

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and described in more detail below.

The reference symbols mean:

1 hydraulic cylinder

2 hydraulic pistons

3 Hydraulic fluid

4 Membranes

5 Intake pipe

6 Abgaei'ohr

7 Inlet valve

8 Exhaust valve

9 Spark plug

10 Connecting rod

11 Crankshaft

12 Fresh gas

13 Compressed fresh gas

14 Combustion gases

15 Waste gases

16 Combustion chamber

The pistonless combustion engine works as follows: Shown and described is a four-stroke Otto engine. The four bars of the example are: Suction ( Figure 1 ), Compaction ( Figure 2 ), Work ( Figure 3 ) and Ejection ( Figure 4 )

1 _m -3act — beginning«?» ( Figure 1)

The hydraulic piston (2) located in the hydraulic cylinder (1) sucks in the hydraulic fluid (3) as it moves downwards and thus also the diaphragm (4). The diaphragm (4) is made of an extremely flexible and heat-resistant material. As the combustion chamber (16) located above the diaphragm (4) increases in size, the fresh gas (12), which forms as an ignitable fuel-air mixture in the carburetor or with the help of the injection system, is sucked through the intake pipe (5) and the inlet valve (7) into the combustion chamber (16).

2nd stroke - compression { Figure 2 )

During its upward movement, the piston (2) pushes the hydraulic fluid (3) and thus also the diaphragm (l-) upwards. The combustion chamber (16) located above the diaphragm ^reduces and the fresh gas (12) is compressed.

3rd stroke - work (Figure 3)

The combustion of the fresh gas (12) compressed in the combustion chamber (16) is triggered by the ignition spark of the spark plug (ß). The combustion gases expand and press the membrane (4), the hydraulic fluid (3) and thus the piston (2) downwards, whereby the thermal energy is converted into mechanical work. The crankshaft (11) converts the reciprocating movement of the piston (2) into a rotary movement via the connecting rod (io).

4th bar - opening ( figure 4 )

During its downward movement, the piston (2) pushes the hydraulic fluid (0) and the diaphragm (4) upwards. The combustion chamber (16) located above the diaphragm (fr) is thereby reduced in size and the remains of the waste gases (15) are expelled through the outlet valve (B) into the exhaust pipe (tS).

Claims (1)

nsprttche Pistonless internal combustion engine (diaphragm engine), in particular as a drive engine for motor vehicles, characterized in that the piston which moves back and forth in the conventional cubic piston engine and which serves as a movable seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase is replaced by a fixed and lubrication-free membrane (4), in such a way that the membrane (4) separates the combustion chamber (16), which is part of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder (1), from the hydraulic fluid (3) and the hydraulic piston (2).