DE810047C - capacitor - Google Patents

capacitor

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Publication number
DE810047C
DE810047C DEN135A DEN0000135A DE810047C DE 810047 C DE810047 C DE 810047C DE N135 A DEN135 A DE N135A DE N0000135 A DEN0000135 A DE N0000135A DE 810047 C DE810047 C DE 810047C
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mol
dielectric
cerium
content
barium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEN135A
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German (de)
Inventor
Hendrik Anne Klasens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of DE810047C publication Critical patent/DE810047C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/018—Dielectrics
    • H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
    • H01G4/08—Inorganic dielectrics
    • H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
    • H01G4/1209—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material
    • H01G4/1218—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • H01G4/1227—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates based on alkaline earth titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3239—Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3256—Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. cadmium molybdate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3258—Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kondensator mit einem keramischen Dielektrikum.The invention relates to a capacitor with a ceramic Dielectric.

Bekanntlich haben Titanate verschiedener zweiwertiger Metalle wertvolle dielektrische Eigenschaften. Es hat z. B. Bariumtitanat bei Radiofrequenzen eine dielektrische Konstante E von 1200 bis 1300 bei Zimmertemperatur. Bei Temperaturen über ioo° wächst s plötzlich, bis bei etwa 12o° ein Maximum erreicht wird. Weiter ist es bekannt, daß dieses Maximum nach der Zimmertemperatur verschoben werden kann, indem Barium im Titanat teilweise durch .Strontium ersetzt wird. Das Maximum erstreckt sich aber über einen sehr kleinen Temperaturbereich, so daß in diesem Bereich kleine Temperaturänderungen einen starken Einfluß auf den Wert von e und somit auf die Kapazität eines Kondensators mit einem derartigen Dielektrikum haben.It is known that titanates of various divalent metals are valuable dielectric properties. It has z. B. barium titanate at radio frequencies a dielectric constant E from 1200 to 1300 at room temperature. At temperatures above 100 ° s suddenly grows until a maximum is reached at around 12o °. Further it is known that this maximum can be shifted to the room temperature, by partially replacing barium in the titanate with strontium. The maximum extends but extends over a very small temperature range, so that small Changes in temperature have a strong influence on the value of e and thus on the Have capacitance of a capacitor with such a dielectric.

Es ist nunmehr festgestellt worden, daß im Dreistoffsystem Ba O-Ti oq Ce 0E liegende Zusammensetzungen wertvolle Dielektrika für Kondensatoren bilden.It has now been found that in the three-component system Ba O-Ti oq Ce 0E lying compositions form valuable dielectrics for capacitors.

Bei verschiedenen dieser Zusammensetzungen tritt nicht nur das vorerwähnte Maximum in der Nähe von Zimmertemperatur auf, sondern es wird außerdem die sehr scharfe Spitze in der e-t-Kurve, die bei den bekannten Titanatmaterialien mit hohem e auftritt, verbreitert. Hiermit lassen sich Kondensatoren erhalten, die über einen für technische Anwendungen hinreichend weiten Temperaturbereich eine höhere Kapazität haben, als bisher mit Titanaten erzielbar war.In various of these compositions, not only the aforementioned occurs Maximum near room temperature, but it will also be the very sharp point in the e-t curve, which in the known titanate materials has a high e occurs, widened. This allows capacitors to be obtained that have a a sufficiently wide temperature range for technical applications a higher capacity than was previously achievable with titanates.

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kondensator, dessen Dielektrikum aus einer aus den Oxyden von Barium, Titan und Cerium aufgebauten keramischen Masse besteht.The invention relates to a capacitor whose dielectric consists of a ceramic mass composed of the oxides of barium, titanium and cerium consists.

Zweckmäßig enthält das Dielektrikum 41 bis 5o Molo/o Bariumoxyd, 35 bis 53 Mo10/0 Titandioxyd und 3 bis 31 Molo/o Ceriumdioxyd.The dielectric expediently contains 41 to 50 mol / o barium oxide, 35 up to 53 mol / o titanium dioxide and 3 to 31 mol / o cerium dioxide.

Zur Erzielung eines a über 150o ist es erwünscht, daß der Gehalt an Ceriumdioxyd weniger als 2o Molo/o beträgt und der Gehalt an Bariumoxyd zwischen 40 und 55 Molo/o liegt bei einem geringen Gehalt an Ceriumdioxyd und zwischen 30 und 45 NIolo/o bei einem Gehalt an Ceriumoxyd von 20 Molo/o, während der Gehalt an Bariumoxyd für dazwischenliegende Werte des Gehaltes an Ceriumoxyd durch Linearinterpolierung ermittelt wird. Diese Zusammensetzungen liegen innerhalb des Vierecks A, B, C, D, das im Ternärdiagramm nach der Zeichnung dargestellt ist.To achieve an a above 150o, it is desirable that the cerium dioxide content is less than 20 mol / o and the barium oxide content is between 40 and 55 mol / o with a low cerium dioxide content and between 30 and 45 mol / o a cerium oxide content of 20 mol / o, while the barium oxide content for intermediate values of the cerium oxide content is determined by linear interpolation. These compositions lie within the rectangle A, B, C, D, which is shown in the ternary diagram according to the drawing.

In der folgenden Tabelle I sind Beispiele von Zusammensetzungen keramischer Massen gegeben, die nach der Erfindung als Dielektrikum bei den Kondensatoren zur Verwendung kommen können, mit den entsprechenden Werten für e gemessen bei einer Frequenz von 1,7 MHz. In der Tabelle 1I ist weiter für einige Zusammensetzungen der Tabelle I die Änderung von e mit der Temperatur angegeben. Tabelle I Nr. I Ba0 I Ti OZ I Ce 02 z 47 50 3 780o 2 47 48 5 3100 3 44 53 3 3500 4 44 47 9 5100 5 41 44 15 4000 6 41 38 21 3700 7 47 35 18 2100 8 50 47 3 1970 Tabelle 1I Tem Nr. i Nr. 2 Nr. 3 peratur 0 690o 2300 2700 1o 760o 2700 3100 20 780o 3100 3500 30 7300 3400 3500 40 6ooo 3300 3200 50 4800 3100 2900 Zur Herstellung der Kondensatoren nach der Erfindung kann man wie folgt verfahren. Die Oxyde von Barium, Titan, Cerium oder Verbindungen, die bei Erhitzung die Oxyde bilden, werden im gewünschten Verhältnis gemischt, gegebenenfalls mit einem Flußmittel, wie z. B. Bentonit, in einer Menge, die zweckmäßig kleiner als 1o % ist, und mit einem verbrennbaren Bindemittel. Nach Formgebung, z. B. durch Pressen oder durch Ext@rusion, wird auf einer Temperatur zwischen 90o und 150o° an der Luft gesintert. Schließlich werden in bekannter Weise Elektroden angebracht, z. B. durch Silberaufbrand.In the following table I are given examples of compositions of ceramic masses which can be used according to the invention as a dielectric in the capacitors, with the corresponding values for e measured at a frequency of 1.7 MHz. In Table 1I, the change in e with temperature is also given for some of the compositions in Table I. Table I. No. I Ba0 I Ti OZ I Ce 02 z 47 50 3 780o 2 47 48 5 3 100 3 44 53 3 3500 4 44 47 9 5100 5 41 44 15 4000 6 41 38 21 3700 7 47 35 18 2100 8 50 47 3 1970 Table 1I Tem No. i No. 2 No. 3 temperature 0 690o 2300 2700 1o 760o 2700 3100 20 780o 3100 3500 30 7300 3400 3500 40 6ooo 3300 3200 50 4800 3100 2900 The following procedure can be used to manufacture the capacitors according to the invention. The oxides of barium, titanium, cerium or compounds that form the oxides when heated are mixed in the desired ratio, if necessary with a flux, such as. B. bentonite, in an amount which is advantageously less than 1o%, and with a combustible binder. After shaping, e.g. B. by pressing or by extrusion, is sintered at a temperature between 90o and 150o ° in the air. Finally, electrodes are attached in a known manner, for. B. by firing on silver.

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: 1. Kondensator mit einem keramischen Dielektrikum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dielektrikum aus den Oxyden von Barium, Titan und Cer aufgebaut ist. PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Capacitor with a ceramic dielectric, characterized in that the dielectric is composed of the oxides of barium, titanium and cerium. 2. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dielektrikum weniger als 20 Mo10/0 Cerdioxyd enthält, ,wobei der Bariumoxydgehalt, der bei einem geringen Gehalt an Cerdioxyd zwischen 40 und 55 Molo/o liegt, bei einem Gehalt an Cerdioxyd von 2o Molo/o auf 3o bis 45 Molo/o herabgesetzt ist und der Gehalt an Bariumoxyd für dazwischenliegende Werte des Gehaltes an Ceroxyd sich durch Linearinterpolierung ergibt. 2. Capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the Dielectric contains less than 20 Mo10 / 0 cerium dioxide, whereby the barium oxide content, which is between 40 and 55 mol / o with a low cerium dioxide content a cerium dioxide content of 20 mol / o is reduced to 3o to 45 mol / o and the content of barium oxide for intermediate values of the content of ceria itself results from linear interpolation. 3. Kondensator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dielektrikum 41 bis So Molo/o Bariumoxyd, 35 bis 53 Molo/o Titandioxyd und 3 bis 21 Mo10/0 Ceroxyd enthält.3. Capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that that the dielectric is 41 to So mol / o barium oxide, 35 to 53 mol / o titanium dioxide and 3 to 21 Mo10 / 0 contains cerium oxide.
DEN135A 1948-11-10 1949-11-08 capacitor Expired DE810047C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB810047X 1948-11-10

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DE810047C true DE810047C (en) 1951-08-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1028034B (en) * 1954-04-06 1958-04-10 Csf Ceramic material with a high dielectric constant and process for its manufacture

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1028034B (en) * 1954-04-06 1958-04-10 Csf Ceramic material with a high dielectric constant and process for its manufacture

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