DE8026464U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A HOLLOW BLOCK BLOCK WITH INTEGRATED HEAT INSULATION - Google Patents

Description

.DR, SOLF & ZAPF

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+ I / fr / 1794 G

OTAVI MINEN AG, Hynspergstr. 24, 6000 Frankfurt / Main

Bisothermwerk Carl Riffer, Urmitz train station, 6403 Mülheim-Kärlich 3

\ Device for the production of a hollow block with integrated thermal insulation /

The invention relates to a device for producing a hollow block, in particular from lightweight concrete with one or more chambers that penetrate the stone and are open at least on one side, wholly or partially with Thermal insulation material are filled.

Hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation are known from DE-OS 28 25 508. The filling consists of plastic particles which are superficially connected to one another, leaving gas-permeable spaces free, the foamed plastic particles being anchored at the edges in the chamber walls. In the manufacture of the known hollow blocks the chambers of the stones are

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or stone blanks filled with a loose bed of particles of a thermoplastic material; then an injection lance is introduced into the bed and a hot gas, in particular water vapor, through it blown in for superficial sintering of the particles together.

The use of the hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation should have a particularly high thermal insulation capacity in the masonry and ensure favorable water vapor permeability. In addition, heat storage should be favored will.

The disadvantage of the known hollow blocks is the complex production of the filling, which requires a lance device is. In addition, the filling does not correspond to the mineral structure of the lightweight concrete of the hollow block, from which inhomogeneities result.

Another method for producing hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation has recently been proposed been, according to which a free-flowing filler made of a particulate insulating material and a binder is introduced into the cavities of the stones and hardened there. All known insulation materials should be known Inorganic and organic foams are useful, with expanded polystyrene particles being preferred. All known curable binders are specified as binders; however, it should preferably be powdery hydraulic binders are used. To improve the adhesion of the binder to the foam particles becomes an adhesive, preferably an aqueous solution

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of hydroxymethyl cellulose added. A setting retarder can also be used be introduced into the free-flowing mixture. The mass gets into the cavities of the stone during during manufacture or afterwards. In the former case, the curing should essentially take place through the reaction with the moisture of the surrounding stone walls. When filling ready-tied stones, the Hardening through the reaction with the adhesive solvent washer be ensured.

According to this proposal, the use of inorganic foams has only been mentioned as an alternative. A Solution is not given. The production of a free-flowing mass according to the process route outlined for the use of polystyrene particles is probably not with the use of inorganic foam particles possible, so that the proposal is significant only with respect to the use of particles of organic foams is. Accordingly, the hollow blocks produced by the proposed method also have approximately the same Inhomogeneities on the known hollow blocks described above. In addition, the dry bulk density the filler mass is relatively high even when using polystyrene particles as an aggregate, from which a relative low thermal insulation properties result.

The two types of hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation have, in addition to the disadvantages described, one completely particular further disadvantage. When exposed to heat, the filling will melt and become harmful Gases released from the aggregate.

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The object of the invention is to provide a device with which the chambers of a hollow block can be filled fully automatically and homogeneously.

This object is achieved by combining a lifting table with a filling device. Other features of the The invention is the subject of subclaims 2 to 12.

The filling of the hollow blocks should consist of at least one foamed or expanded mineral aggregate consisting of solid mortar. Foamed aggregates consist of foam glass, for example. In contrast to foamed materials, expanded aggregates are created from individual particles, e.g. B. granules, pellets, etc. by expansion under the action of propellant gases, while foamed products are usually made from a mass located in an open mold. Inflating is therefore comparable to inflating a balloon, while foaming is comparable to developing a bubble bath.

Preferably the aggregate is a natural one Expanded silicate produced from raw materials such as expanded clay, expanded mica, vermiculite or the like. However, it can a granulate of expanded perlite can also be used. An expanded perlite granulate usually has a bulk density of over 80 g / l. However, it is preferably a granulate with a bulk density of 25 to 80 g / l, preferably from 30 to 50 g / l, in particular from 35 to 45 g / l, used; because with such light granules succeeds in producing a solid mortar, its

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Gross density roughly corresponds to the bulk weight of the aggregate or below 100 g / l. This is with organic foams according to the proposed method and the associated device cannot be achieved because the binder increases the bulk density quite considerably.

The grain size of the aggregate should be in the range

from 0 to 6 mm. A grain size range is preferred

from 0 to 2 mm. The grain structure should be expedient

meet the following grain size distribution:

0 to 0.25 mm = 15 to 30 wt.

0.25 to 0.5 mm = 15 to 30 wt.

0.5 to 1.0 mm = 30 to 50 wt.

1.0 to 2.0 mm = 10 to 25 wt.

The solid mortar for the chamber filling has next to the specified level The aggregate has at least one hardened binder, which is preferably a hardened hydraulic binder, e.g. cement.

Particularly advantageous is a mortar which, in addition to the porosity which the aggregate introduces and which is produced by the binder or binders during hardening, has so-called air pores. Such air pores arise when a fresh mortar is mixed with air-entraining agents known per se. As a rule, spherical pores with a shell of water plus air-entraining agent are formed, the structure of which is essentially retained after hardening, but at least remains recognizable, even if the shell disappears during the setting. This air

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pore content contributes in particular to solid mortar with To create a bulk density that corresponds approximately to the bulk weight of the aggregate granulate. The amount of addition the air-entraining agent depends on the compatibility in fresh mortar and according to the desired bulk density of the solid mortar.

The bulk density of the solid mortar is preferably between 40 and 120 g / l, but in particular below 100 g / l, so that thermal conductivity values Jy of around 0.04 kcal / m, hour and degree Celsius are reached. It is important that the expansion coefficient of the mortar can be matched very precisely to the expansion coefficient of the hollow blocks, especially by using the air-entraining agents. The different expansion coefficients were probably also the obstacle that hitherto prevented the skilled person from using mortar with mineral light aggregates, and prompted him to use polystyrene granulate, which can react elastically with different expansion coefficients. If mortars with mineral aggregates are used, a different coefficient of expansion can either cause the mortar to wear down and trickle, or the chambers to burst. The above-mentioned mortars, on the other hand, are sufficiently elastic due to the selection of the bulk weights, despite the mineral aggregate, or have approximately the same expansion coefficient as the hollow block, which can be ensured in particular through the use of an air-entraining agent.

In the manufacture of the hollow blocks with integrated Thermal insulation is preferably in one

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fresh, not yet fully set stone of the Mortar introduced as dry mortar or as fresh mortar with a device according to the invention; afterward the stones are preferably hardened in a drying chamber. During the advancing Hardening of the stone and mortar creates a

very good anchoring of the mortar with the stone wall as well as a very favorable pore structure in the solid mortar, the aggregate grains being cemented together by the binding agent and form a mutually supporting framework. The aggregate grains can also be hydrophobic, so that the water absorption capacity of the mortar is kept low.

The use of a fresh mortar of pourable or pumpable consistency is preferred in the production of the hollow blocks. However, a free-flowing dry mortar can also be used, which is similar to the fresh mortar described, in which only the water is missing. This dry mortar is then the tradable means for filling the hollow blocks. The fresh mortar can easily be poured into the chambers of the hollow block. In addition to the lightweight aggregates, it appropriately contains the binder, which is preferably a hydraulic binder, primarily cement, but also additionally or alone e.g. lime and / or water glass and / or water glass plus hardener and / or bitumen emulsion and / or synthetic resin dispersion and / or methyl cellulose and / or bentonite can be. Furthermore, the mixture contains air pores which have arisen through the addition of an air-entraining agent known per se during mixing. The desired consistency is regulated by the amount of water.

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- 8 Particularly suitable mortars contain water as well as water

50 to 70 wt. Lightweight aggregate in form 5 of perlite granulate

30 to 50% by weight of binder

0.8 to 1.6 wt. Air entrainer

Preferably, mortars are used which contain the components 10 in the following amounts:

58 to 62 wt. Lightweight aggregate in shape

of perlite granulate

38 to 42 wt. binder

1 to 1.4 wt. Air entrainer

The following table gives, for example, mortar mixtures that are particularly suitable for filling the chambers of Hollow blocks made from lightweight concrete with pumice as a lightweight aggregate are suitable.

1
kg TABEL 2 , 0 3 5 , 0 4th 5 , 0 6th 1 Sample no. kg 1 , 0 1 , 0 1000 , 5 1000
10 Perlite 0/1 mm
45 g / l bulk density
cement kg 1000 , 0 25th ,8th 20th Bentonite Otavi kg 25.0 1000 1000 - 1000
24 - Methyl cellulose 2.5 10 - 1.0 10 Air entrainer 0.5 5 2 1 0

water

1/50 1 dry mortar 22 22

20th

20th

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Fresh mortar

density g / l 532 482 426 477 470 463 Dry mortar density g / l 90 67 56 78 106 80

The table shows that in addition to the air-entraining agent, the amount of binder has a significant influence on the achievable bulk density of the solid mortar. The mixture 3 therefore has the lowest dry mortar density. Mixture 5 has very good strengths. In particular, the combination of Binder made from cement, cement-resistant etonite and, if necessary, methyl cellulose in conjunction with an air-entraining agent brings the particularly simple possibility of varying the dry mortar density in the desired way and to adjust the properties of the mortar to the properties of the hollow blocks to be filled, so that there is no disadvantageous influence, which is also due in particular to a stabilization of the known per se Air pores can be carried out.

It is also beneficial to use either hydrophobized aggregates or fresh mortar Add water repellant so that the filling preferably has approximately the same vapor diffusion behavior like the wall of the filled hollow block.

The use of aggregates with a bulk density between 25 and 80 g / l for the filling mortar was not close, because these products have inherently low intrinsic strength and was therefore feared that a Zerrieseln of the mortar, for example, due to the arising during the hardening voltages or due to different

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Expansion coefficient takes place. However, it has turned into It has been shown, surprisingly, that the aggregates work well into mortars despite their low inherent strength let, give the solid mortar sufficient strength and, moreover, the expansion coefficient can be set are the coefficient of expansion of the hollow blocks correspond. In particular, it was surprising that the solid mortar can be achieved, the density of which corresponds approximately to the density of the aggregate or only slightly higher lie. The hardened filling compound of a mortar with polystyrene particles as an additive, on the other hand, has dry bulk densities from 100 to 150 g / l, although the bulk density of the polystyrene granulate used is only 8 to 25 g / l is, so well below the bulk density that the mineral lightweight aggregates of the aforementioned Have mortar. Nevertheless, filling compounds can be made available, even their dry bulk density can be lower than the density of the mortar described.

The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with the aid of the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hollow block according to DIN 18151 with a filling,

2 schematically shows a section of the filling,

3 schematically shows a side view of a device according to the invention in the starting position,

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Fig. ^ Schematize?) A side view of the device ₍ in the filling position,

FIG. 5 schematically shows a top view of the device in the starting position according to FIG. 3 without drive system,

6 schematically shows a top view without a perforated table,

Fig. 7 schematically shows a front view of the device . f

The hollow block 1 shown has chambers 2 which are filled with a solid mortar 3. The structure of the solid mortar 1 is characterized by the expanded perlite grains H, the air pores 5 and the binder framework 6, the pearlite grains H having expandable pores 7 and interstitial pores 8 located between the binder framework 6 and the pearlite grains 4. The air pores 5 generally do not have - as shown schematically - a closed spherical shell 9 made of binder residues; rather, fragments in the shape of spherical shells can usually be seen in the structure of the solid mortar, which can hardly be represented in detail.

The production of such a stone is easy, because only the filling of a prepared one Mortar is necessary. No further measures need to be taken for hardening.

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The inventive device is used to fill the Chambers 2 of the hollow blocks 1 with the fresh mortar described or with the means described. the Device can be integrated into the ongoing production process. It is preferably set up there where the fresh, not yet completely set stones are combined into a bunch of stones for the Warehouse to be transported. Only minor additions to existing systems are required.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, several are usually arranged next to one another and one behind the other Bricks 1 transported on a board 10. The board 10 slides and rests laterally on angular support rails 11 of a transport path which essentially has the supports 10 and the cross struts 13. Between the rails 11 and parallel to these transport chains 14 or the like with drivers 15 are provided, wherein the drivers 15 grab behind the boards 10 and transport them cyclically according to the conveying movement of the chains. In addition, there is a device for pushing together next to and above the transport track of the stones transported to the gap, of which only the pusher jaws 16 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The invention relates to the filling device 17, which is set up laterally next to the transport path. The device consists essentially of two parts, namely the lifting table 18, which is between the rails 11 below the boards 10 is mounted, and the actual filling

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"13 Direction 19, which is to the side of the transport track.

The lifting table 18 has at least one piston-cylinder unit 20, a support frame 22, which carries the lifting table plate 23, being seated on the piston head 21. A plurality of upright lifting webs 2 ¹ I extending parallel to the rails 11 are arranged on the lifting table plate. Known vibrators 25, the function of which will be described below, are preferably flanged under the lifting table plate 23. With the lifting table 18, a board 10 loaded with the stones 1 can be lifted out of the rails 11, the lifting webs 24 reaching under the board (FIG. 4). The lifting table 18 inserts the board back into the rails 11 after it has been lowered.

The filling device 19 is on a movable machine frame 26 arranged, which consists of the lower longitudinal struts 27 and the upper longitudinal struts 28 as well as the Consists of supports 29 and 30 connecting longitudinal struts, the supports 29 being connected to one another via transverse struts 29a are. The machine frame 26 is preferably equipped with wheels 31 arranged on the longitudinal struts 27 and can be moved on rails 32.

A machine table is attached between the supports 29 and 30, on which one in each case in the lateral edge area Rail 34 is arranged. Sitting on the table surface a filling box 35 (Fig. 3). On the outside, the filling box has wheels 36 on the side, which rest on the rails 34 roll so that the box 35 is mounted to be movable back and forth. The filling box 35 does not have a bottom, but only side walls 37, a rear wall 38 and a front

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»II» II

wall 39. Furthermore, a cover 40 is provided, the one Filling opening 41 leaves free. The side walls 37 are preferably also connected to one another via a plurality of bulkhead webs 42 Link.

T "via the filling opening 41 of the filling carriage or filling box 35 sits in its starting position, a storage silo 43 attached to the machine frame 26, which is filled with the fresh mortar mass 44 is filled.

As an extension of the work table 33 in the direction of the transport path a perforated table 45 is arranged in alignment and, as an extension of the rails 34, laterally supports the rails 34a carries so that the filling carriage 35 can roll over the perforated table. The perforated table is on one side with hinges 46 the supports 29 and / or on the machine table 33 and rests on the other side on support struts seated on the supports 12 47.

Due to the hinge arrangement, the perforated table 45 can be folded up. When not needed, it can go into the Folded up in the direction of arrow 49 in the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 and attached to the support 29 Hook 48 are held, for which purpose a pin 50 arranged on the side of the perforated table is expediently used.

30th

The table top of the perforated table 45 is designed as a template and has one of the chambers 2 of the perforated bricks 1 corresponding hole distribution with holes 51 (FIG. 5), the holes 51 being arranged exactly above the chambers 2 are. The template is easily exchangeable so that the filling device can be used for a wide variety of formats

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if the appropriate template is used.

To drive the filling carriage 35, a known pivoting lever system 52 is provided which has pivot arms 53 which are pivotably arranged on one side at 55 on the longitudinal struts 28 and on the other side via a push rod 5 ¹ J on the side walls 37 of the filling carriage 35, the pivot arms 53 being approximately in the middle each of the piston head 56 of the piston-cylinder units 58 is articulated, the cylinder of which in turn is pivotably attached to the machine frame 26 on a cross strut 29a.

The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows. If necessary, the device is rolled up on the rails 32 to the transport track and the perforated table 45 is folded down. Then the pushed together stone pulp is lifted with the lifting device 18 under the template of the perforated table 45. The filling carriage 35 is then pushed with the rocking lever system 52 on the rails 34 and 34a over the perforated table 45. In the process, it is filled with filling compound 44 from the storage silo 43 until the cover 40 closes the opening of the silo 43 again. The filling compound runs because the filling carriage 35 has no bottom _; through the holes 51 of the template into the chamber 2 of the stones 1. The vibrators 25 of the lifting table 18 are actuated so that particularly uniform filling can be guaranteed.

When the chambers 2 are filled, the filling carriage 35 moves back into its starting position, with a scraper strips the holes 51 and the filling process of the

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Cart starts when the lid 40 reopens the silo releases. At the same time, the lifting table 18 lowers the filled stones that are transported on. A new batch is brought up, whereupon the filling process is repeated.

The device according to the invention works fully automatically because the storage silo can also be filled automatically. It is also possible to use the swivel lever system Perform shaking movements, which can also contribute to a more even filling. The bulkhead webs are used for this 42 of the filling carriage 35 as shaking grates. Instead of the bulkhead webs 42, however, e.g. rotating ones can also be used Provide rakes for the same purpose.

Another variant of the invention provides that the work table 33 with its devices is adjustable in height is arranged on the machine frame 26.

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Claims (1)

claim 1. Device for filling the chambers of a hollow block with a mortar, characterized in that a lifting table (18) is combined with a filling device (19). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting table (18) at least a piston-cylinder unit (20), a support frame (22) on the piston head (21) who carries the lifting table plate (23) and several upright lifting webs on the lifting table plate (24) are arranged. Schloßbleiche 20, Postfach 130219 · D-5600 Wuppertal 1 Patent attorney Dr-Ing Dipl.-Ing. A. SoIf Telephone (0202) 445096/451226 Telex: Ä591273 soza. .., patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. Chr. Zapf ! D & 'äöLF & ZAPF Authorized representatives at the European Patent Office Professional Representatives before the European Patent Office . Device according to Claim ² , characterized in that vibrators (25) are flanged on under the lifting table plate (23). 5 . Device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filling device (19) is movable on a Machine frame (26) is arranged, which consists of the lower longitudinal struts (27) and the upper longitudinal struts (28) and the supports (29,30) connecting the longitudinal struts, the supports (29) over Cross struts (29a) are connected to one another. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that that the machine frame (26) with wheels (31) arranged on the longitudinal struts (27) is equipped and can be moved back and forth on rails (32). 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 and / or 5, characterized in that a machine table (33) is attached between the supports (29) and (30), on which a rail (3 ² O is arranged in each case in the lateral edge region) A filling box (35) sits on the table surface and the filling box has wheels (36) on the outside, which ^{roll on the rails (3 1} O, the filling box (35) only having side walls (37), a rear wall (38) and a front wall ( 39) and a cover ( ¹ JO) which leaves a filling opening (41) free. Schloßbleiche20.Posttach 130219 D-5600WjppertaM Patent Attorney Dr-lng.Dipl.-lng.A.SoIf Telephone (0202) 445096/451226 Telex. 8591273 soza patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. Cht Zapf i i Mfr & OILF & ZAPF Authorized representatives at the European Patent Office $ Professional Representatives before the European Patent Office ■ $. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that that the side walls (37) are connected to one another via several bulkhead webs (42) stand. 8. Device according to one or more of the claims 4 to 7, thus marked r. et that a storage silo (43) is arranged above the filling opening ( ¹ II) of the filling box (35). 10 9. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to ⁸ , characterized in that a perforated table (45) is arranged in alignment as an extension of the work table (33) which laterally carries the rails (34a) in extension of the rails (34). 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that that the perforated table (45) is fastened on one side with hinges (46) on the supports (29) and / or on the machine table (33) and on the other side rests on support struts (47). 11. Device according to one or more of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that that the table top of the perforated table (45) is designed as a template and one of the chambers (2) of the perforated stones (1) has corresponding hole distribution with holes (51). 12. The device according to one or more of claims 4 to 11, characterized in Scfiioßbte'che 20. Postfach 130219 D-5600W \ jDDertal1 Patent Attorney Dr-Ing DipHng. A SoIf Telephone (0202) 445096 / Ί51226 ■ Telex. 8591273 soza Palentanwalt Dipi.-Ing.Chr. Tap : n & SÖLF & ZAPF Authorized representative at the European Patent Office
Professional Representatives before the European Patent Office 10 net that a pivoting lever system (52) is provided to drive the filling carriage (35), which can be pivoted on one side at (55) on the longitudinal struts (28) and on the other side via a push rod (5 ¹ O on the side walls (37) of the filling carriage ( 35) arranged pivot arms (53), the piston head (56) of the piston-cylinder unit (58) being articulated approximately in the center of the pivot arms (53), the cylinder of which is in turn pivotably attached to the machine frame (26) on a cross strut (29a). Schloßbleiche 20. P.O. Box 130219 · D-5600 Wuppertal 1 Telephone (0202) 445096/451226 ■ Telex: 8591273 soza Patent attorney Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Ing. A SoIf Patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. Chr. Zapf