DE7934103U1 - Slide for length measuring devices - Google Patents

Description

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Patent Attorneys' ■.

Scratch Mülbergerstrasse 65 Dipl.-Ing. Volkhard Kratzsch Schulz D-7300 Esslingen Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Schulz Telephone Stuttgart (0711) 35 99 92 Deutsche Bank Esslingen 210906 cable «krapatent» esslingenneckar Post office Stuttgart 100 04-701

Schneider & Kern November 27, 1979

7119 Niedernhall lawyer file 2975

Slide for length measuring devices

The invention relates to a slide for length measuring devices in the preamble of claim 1 defined Art.

Basically, it is common that a constant measuring force in length measuring devices mechanical probing significantly improves accuracy and reproducibility. This is especially true for length measuring devices where the Abbe'sehe The comparator principle cannot be adhered to, which is the case, for example, with height gauges and scribing devices, calipers, callipers, etc.

In order to achieve a constant measuring force, known height gauges the entire slide is stored in smooth-running ball guides and the slide is tight weight balanced by counterweights. Through a spring-loaded drive system can use friction rollers against the guide rail an upwards or downward, largely constant measuring force can be generated.

In another, known embodiment, the measuring force is introduced via the pulleys of the Oewlehtsausgleiehs.

Auiwtchwlbor · Tait elements with different weights overlay, however bet all devices explained the measuring force. To compensate (ir therefore an

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hourly, time-consuming and expensive change of the counterweights required.

Height gauges of the embodiment described are sufficient with careful Operation in principle also with high accuracy requirements. However, they have the major disadvantage that they are extremely expensive and that because of their sensitive slides, they are positioned and guided at the same time Height markers are unsuitable. Height markers that have one of their intended uses correspondingly stiff storage of the slide and in which the dead weight of the slide is caused by the friction in the guides is held, can only be used for subordinate purposes in the case of direct probing, as sensitive and even probing of the measuring surfaces is not possible. With additional aids, such as dial gauges and tactile gauges or switching measuring probes, the disadvantages can in part can be reduced, but without reaching the accuracy and ease of use of pure height gauges. Measuring is just an example the diameter of a hole is not possible with the aids explained.

In the case of calipers that are used in connection with calipers, a smoothly mounted slide, as it is used in the height measuring devices explained above, is unusable. The position of use of the caliper is arbitrary, which is why the weight of the relative heavy slide would be superimposed, depending on the position of use, of a measuring force bracing against the guide rail, with the resultant Inaccuracies, fluctuations in the measurement result and poor reproducibility.

Precondition for an exact measurement with length measuring devices, in particular are equipped with an incremental system of measurement, is that between the Taitelement, which touches the test object / and the scanning head of the Measuring system, provided the scanning head is on the slide, when moving and Probing no path differences arise. To avoid such pathdeferences

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To be able to avoid it effectively is next to a straight, parallel one Longitudinal guide on the device side and a slide mounted on it free of play Furthermore, it is necessary that the necessary for moving and arising during probing, on the probe element and the scanning head of the measuring system acting force remains as constant as possible.

The invention is based on the object of providing a carriage as described in the preamble of claim 1 to create a defined genus that ensures a wide range of uses for all possible forms of length measuring devices, which also enables the use of probe elements and the use in connection with measuring and probing devices, as well as the use of scribing tools and thus the use also for scribing devices makes possible. It should also be achieved that the to move the The force required for the slide can be arbitrary without exerting any influence on the measuring force acting on the probe system, moreover great the slide, can also be used for height gauges on the one hand and probing devices and, on the other hand, for scribing devices, with significantly lower manufacturing and cost outlay than the slides known so far High accuracy devices can be manufactured. In everything it says Foreground, to achieve that the necessary for moving the carriage and which arises when probing, on the probe element and scanning head The force acting on the measuring system remains as constant as possible.

In the case of a slide, this task is as described in the preamble of claim 1 defined genre is solved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The inventive division of the carriage in elinen contrast \ e to Arrtastrfchfcmg me constant measuring force federelcistlich abgeitützten load slide one hand and Schlitrengehäuie other "*" following advantages are achieved, over there, "Schiittongehäuse / da" the necessary

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Carrying sliding surfaces, the slide can be made in a relatively simple and inexpensive manner Way relative to the device-side longitudinal guide, in particular guide rail, are mounted displaceably, according to the conventional Pattern with rigid carriage bearings, in which the weight of the carriage is held by the friction in the guides. This is the slide guide held so strong that it can also - when used as a height gauge - absorb the transverse forces that arise during the marking. At the same time, this slide housing can do all the rest, relatively bulky and heavy parts of the measuring system, especially the incremental or absolute encoded measuring system, e.g. the electronic components, the power supply, etc. has to carry a movable part, in particular the scanning head, and which, when used as a measuring and marking device, also accommodates the probe element has or forms the touch surface itself, can be held in the form of the touch slide as an extremely small component of low mass, which, depending on the probing direction, has a constant measuring force compared to the Slide housing is supported and is dragged along by this. Even though the slide bearing is still insensitive and inexpensive, a slide is thus created which has an extremely high measurement accuracy and reproducibility enabled, despite great friction in the guides between the slide housing and the device-side longitudinal guide. If one sees fundamentally unavoidable e.g. elastic deformations of the probe element itself when probing, it is now with the invention Slide ensures that when it is moving and probing there are no path differences between the probe element on the one hand and the one on the probe slide, for example held scanning head of the measuring system on the other hand arise. The design according to the invention makes it possible to use all heavy parts of the bed to be accommodated in the slide housing and the opposite each with constant measuring force braced feeler slide * j as lightly as possible in proportion to shape the measuring force. Drives when used in accordance with the bedding the slide with the Taitolement against the workpiece all test specimen, «O the load slide remains with the pushbutton element on the one hand and sitting on it

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The scanning head of the incremental measuring system is in this position and the measured value displayed is available if the switch housing is moved in the same direction while the force continues to act on the slide With a further displacement movement of the slide housing, the Kteft acting on the load slide is practically not at all / at least only by the value / by which the pretensioning force, which runs with a flat characteristic curve, changes. If the characteristic is selected accordingly, this change can be so small that it does not have any influence on the function.

An advantageous embodiment results from claim 2. The load slider thus finds contact with its orderly support on the associated support surface of the slide housing / what makes the bracing possible with constant force in the direction of the respective anti-resistance.

Another advantageous embodiment is shown in claim 3. Each The spring element takes when the probe element is attached to the test object and in This position remaining feeler slide on the further displacement movement of the bed center housing relative to the stationary feeler slide spring-retractable, with still essentially constant measuring force.

An embodiment according to claims 4-6 is also advantageous. This design of the reversing device with application of the direction-related, constant bias is particularly simple and cheap. It goes without saying, however, that various other execution forms that work on the same principle, are possible within the scope of the invention.

A design according to claim 7 is also advantageous. Further advantageous Embodiments emerge from claims 8-11.

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HinslehtHeh the arranged between the Tastsehieber and the Sehllttengehtluse Sehlepphalterung see the claims 12-14 advantageous embodiments before, also here it is understood check / DAT within dw invention you are others, such as equivalent towing bridles / she provided a leiehtgttngige and play-free relative movement between the Tastsehleber and make the slide housing possible.

The anti-rotation device provided according to claim 15 is also advantageous of the test slide relative to the socket housing and the further measure according to claim Ιό. As a result, it is established / that the feeler slide when acting Lateral forces are not in this direction relative to the slide housing can move.

A more severe / particularly advantageous measure can be found in claim 17. This allows the respective relative movement between the slide housing and the tactile slide at the same time for generating switching functions without large additional effort can be used. The switching functions include, for example, the transfer and calculation of the measured value in data processing, the switching off of a motorized slide drive / the generation of an acoustic warning signal or an optical light signal etc. can be considered. It is particularly favorable / that no particular accuracy is required for this switching function, because the slide housing with its stop surfaces after the probe element has hit the measuring surface of the workpiece is shifted a more or less great way further, so that the same function with simple means and high accuracy is realized, which can otherwise only be achieved with very expensive, switching probes.

The measure according to claim 18 is also advantageous. This can improve the measurement accuracy increase, because this eliminates the need for a lever arm between the direction of the measuring force and the stops and surfaces that work together. This can also have a positive influence on the easy storage of the tactile slide opposite the harness housing.

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Distribution can also sstn a design of claim 19. This \ ri achieved dls dess constant measuring force coaxial to the Lagerrlehtung Tastschiebers and acts without lever arm to this Lageraehse. This can also increase the accuracy and also the length of the gait of the storage of the tactile visor in the lateral cage housing.

To increase the accuracy when probing and measuring, the Measures according to claim 20 and claim 21 at. Oa hler the contact force coaxially to the bearing direction of the rope slide, i.e. without a lever arm to the bearing hoe, acts, Is there a risk of path differences between the pushbutton element and The scanning head of the measuring system is further reduced.

The features contained in claim 22 lead to a simple, cheap and rigid storage and guidance of the carriage along the device-side Longitudinal guide. The storage is also relatively low-wear.

An embodiment of the provided according to claim 23 is also advantageous Slide as height-adjustable height measuring shuttles along a vertical guide rail. In this context, in particular, they can take measurements according to claims 24 and 25 be advantageous. In this way it is held in the slide housing by slight adjustment Spring element possible, weight changes when changing the probe element to take into account by adjustment and thereby the dead weight of the pushbutton slide plus the respective pushbutton element used and to fully compensate for the measuring head of the measuring system sitting on the feeler slide.

You can also use this special weight compensation element instead below the tactile slide ;? dispense with the advantageous embodiment according to claim 26 selects. Then the dead weight of the tactile slide with sitting on it, its weight with influencing Divide by different strength of the spring elements, their preload

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A further advantageous embodiment farm results from claim 27. Since the Sehlitten is equally suitable without impairing the accuracy as a probe and measuring device also for use in connection with a height indicator. Do the transverse forces that arise when scribing do not act on the load slide / but rather are absorbed directly by the Sehltttengoiuse / so these forces do not load the guidance of the probe system / but are instead directly from the robust / simple guidance of the slide on the device-side longitudinal guide recorded. Thus, the carriage on which the invention is based makes it possible to use a constant measuring force in devices with an incremental measuring system, and in fact equally well when the device is designed as a height gauge / as a height measuring device of high accuracy. In addition, it goes without saying that the slide according to the invention can be used not only for height measuring or scribing devices, but also other length measuring devices with, in particular, incremental measuring systems . In this Pail bears the touch slide the moving Meßschnabel the calliper so that the feeling slide so, instead of special sensing elements, carries its own touch pad /. <S ^l. is understood however that here alternatively or at the touch slide also special to probe elements are replaceably can.

An essential feature of the slide according to the invention is that any force required to move the entire slide can be without influencing the measuring force acting on the probe slide and the probe system. Incidentally, there is a touch of the tactile slide when the operator approaches the tactile element or his own tactile surface on the measuring surface of the test object is required, in contrast to known height and length measuring devices, in which slide, probe element, scanning head and displacement mechanism

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Form a single unit, a possible measurement error is also from this side avoided. Since the feeler slide is force-locked under the acting measuring force is printed against the measuring surface of the test object, it is also possible also the vertex of a hole or the inclination of a workpiece surface, based on the table surface on which one equipped with the slide Height measuring device is available, can be determined by moving the device on the table surface directly and without further aids. So you can easily determine the diameter and the centers of holes, with a known diameter of a spherical probe head at the end of the Tactile element.

Further details and advantages of the slide according to the invention result from the following description.

The full wording of the claims is not reproduced above, solely to avoid unnecessary repetition, but instead is merely referred to by naming the claim number, whereby all of these claim features are to be considered expressly disclosed at this point and essential to the invention.

The invention is shown below with reference to in the drawings Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

Rg. 1

a schematic, partially sectioned side view a height measuring and marking device,

Fig. 2

a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 /

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a schematic, partially cut top view a calliper.

BtIm «riton execution plate (n Flg. 1 is based on a ·! Höhenmeß- und

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Marking device 10 below the special design of the carriage 11 explains how he basically works for all possible, conceivable length measuring devices can be used.

The slide 11 has a slide housing 12, which by means of slide-side Guides in the form of sliders 13 is slidably guided along a longitudinal guide. The sliders 13 consist in particular of Plastic and are provided with a sliding coating that forms the sliding surface, e.g. made of filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The device-side longitudinal guide 14 is located on a guide rail 15 which is held vertically upright on a foot 16. The foot 16 has a possible Base surface 17 running exactly at right angles to longitudinal guide 14, with which it stands on a worktop 18.

The device 10 is equipped with a particularly incremental or also absolutely encoded measuring system 19, which is known per se with regard to its individual components. The measuring system 19 has - apart from relatively large and heavy electronic components and units, as well as the power supply - a schematically indicated scanning head 20 on the one hand and a measuring standard in the form of a GIasma.3stabes 21 on the other. The scanning head 20 is only indicated schematically. It can for example be designed according to DE-OS 25 05 587, DE-OS 23 49 944 or in another conventional manner. The same also applies to the glass scale 21. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the glass scale 21 is fixedly attached to the guide rail 15, while the scanning head 20 is movable together with the carriage 11. The relationships can also be reversed. A relative movement between the carriage 11 and the guide rail 15 guiding * thus to a corresponding Relativverschiebuwg between the scanning head 20 and the glass scale 21st

Dar grinding 11 Ut on the guide rail 15 either by hand or medium * a «motorized drive, not shown, can be displaced to In

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the function of the device as a height measuring device by means of a schematically indicated Tasfelementes 23 to touch a workpiece 24. The probe element carries a spherical probe head 25 endsei and is replaceable on Slide 11 arranged. In another exemplary embodiment, not shown, the pushbutton element 23 has a different shape or is completely absent, with then the tactile surfaces are part of the slide 11 itself.

On the slide housing 12, specifically in the exemplary embodiment shown Within it, there is a feeler slide 26 with respect to the carriage 11 at least within limits and thereby essentially parallel to the longitudinal guide 14 kept movable. The feeler slide 26 is therefore a separate part that is integrated into the slide U. It is in relation to the carriage housing 12 in the few-part probing direction according to Fig. 1, i.e. downwards and downwards above, biased with at least a substantially constant measuring force and is from the slide U when it moves downwards as each dragged upwards. Fig. 1 shows a bias of the feeler slide 26 with respect to the carriage 11 when it is directed downwards Probing direction as well as drag direction and displacement movement of the slide 11.

It is particularly important that the feeler slide 26 is smaller than a lightweight component Mass is formed and only carries the probe element 23 and the scanning head 20 of the incremental measuring system 19. All the rest, essential heavier and more massive parts of the slide 11 sit on or in the slide housing 12, This also includes, in particular, the sliding bearing of the slide 11 on the guide rail 15, the sliding position set in each case the .Schlittens 11 a self-locking guaranteed, so a very large static friction, namely static friction, brings with it.

The Taitichleber 26 is located inside the Schlltteng «house 12. It is itself partially hollow inside and has a central exterior 27 on. The stroke or displacement between tactile glue

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and carriage housing 12 is, for example, about 3-5 mm over which the Slide 26 can move freely relative to the slide housing 12.

A parallel guide 28, which allows this relative movement and is designed as a linear ball guide in the exemplary embodiment shown, is seated between the feeler slide 26 and the slide housing 12. By means of the latter, the feeler slide 26 is stored without play and runs smoothly. The linear ball guide has a guide shaft 29, held on the feeler slide 26 and aligned parallel to the guide rail 15, r''e at both ends within the shaker housing 12 in the ball 30 there, parallel to the guide rail 15, and is at least essentially free of play and easy to move. The guide shaft 29 is firmly seated on the feeler slide 26. In relation to the slide housing 12, the feeler slide 26 is otherwise secured against rotation about the axis of the guide shaft 29. A transverse pin 31, which is fixed to the guide shaft 29 and engages in a U-shaped rail 32, which is held on the slide housing and is only indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines, is used for this purpose.

For both translation directions according to arrow 22, ie in Fig. 1 down and up, the feeler slide 26 each has a stop 33 or 3 * , each schlittensei tig is assigned a lower stop surface 35 and upper stop surface 36 on the same alignment line , against which the feeler slide 26 is pressed with a constant measuring force under the bias, depending on the probing direction. The pressing takes place by means of a lower spring element 37 in the probing direction in FIG. 1 downwards and by means of an upper Fcttarelementes 38 in the opposite direction of probing. The lower spring element 37 is supported with its lower end on the feeler slide 26. On the upper end of the lower spring element 37 acts a measuring force applied by the carriage housing 12, for example a measuring force which can be divided into parts. 1 upward directed anti-alignment has the same force on oat in flg. 1 lower end · do * upper spring element 38, dai with «an oxirane end on the tair-

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More than 26 flooded 1st. Each spring element 37, 38 can be pre- tensioned depending on the probing direction, so that itch over the stroke of z, B, 3 - δ mm between the Tastiehfeber 2o and the Sehlftfengehöuse 12 results in an at least substantially constant spring force and thus measuring force or probing force, with the over the feeler element 23 the workpiece 24 is touched.

The two spring elements 37 and 38 are in the embodiment shown designed as cylindrical coil springs, each in a seekbchortfgen store hole 39 or «40 of the load slide * and to inner recess 27 are directed towards / into which they protrude. The axes of the two bores 39 and 40 are aligned with one another and run at least substantially parallel to the axis of the guide shaft 29 and to the guide rail 15.

A reversing device supported there sits on the side center housing 12 Cam in the form of an eccentric disk 41, by means of which either after approaching either, as shown, the lower spring element 37 or the upper spring element 38 can be prestressed. The eccentric disk 41 sits in the center of the recess 27 and thereby with eccentricity on an eccentric shaft 42 which, for example, is supported at both ends in the slide housing 12 and from / outside of the slide housing 12 by means of a rotationally fixed thereon held control button it 43 at one end and / or 44 at the other end, respectively is convertible. At the in FSg. 1 applied to the control position Eccentric disk 41, the lower spring element 37, which is compressed and pretensioned with constant spring force, whereby the feeler slide 26 with this constant spring force in Fig. Ϊ́ downwards and thereby with its lower stop 33 against the lower stop surface 35 of the Slide housing 12 is printed.

As you can see, the two spring elements 37, 38 are on both Sides of the eccentric 41. You have about the same distance of the eccentric shaft 42. While the lower spring element 37 of the Eccentric disk 41 is acted upon is in the illustration according to Rg. 1

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the upper spring element 33 is not biased and out of engagement with the Eiaentersehetbe 41.

Although a linear ball guide is shown as a parallel guide 23 for the Sehlepphalterung between the Tost * slide 26 and the Sehlittengehöuse 12 and cylindrical helical springs ^ are shown as spring elements 37 and 38 / understand it, however, that at the end of the exemplary embodiments, not shown, the ParatIeIführung eg as a spring parallelogram / air bearing arrangement or the like. characterizing be formed, and that the spring elements 37/38 may be constructed as a pneumatic or hydraulic springs / as rubber buffers similar spring pad of rubber or plastic or the like resiliently biasable printing elements.

The stops 33/34 of the pushbutton slide 26 and / or the stop surfaces 35/36 on the slide housing 12 can be configured as switching contacts that are not particularly emphasized for the sake of clarity, or they can carry special switching contacts, which together form a switching element with a preferably break function, for example. The latter can for probing and then when 2.B. the lower stopper 33 slightly lifts from the lower abutment surface 35 and thus the switching element opens the contact / generate a switching pulse, det to any control purposes is usable, for example for shutting down a not shown motor, "see the drive of the carriage 11, the measured to apply Measured value in a data processing system, for the delivery of an acoustic and / or optical signal, etc.

In an exemplary embodiment not shown, the stops 33, 34 are of the tactile slide 26 and the stop surfaces 35, 36 of the slide housing 12 arranged and aligned in alignment with the course of the spring elements 37, 38, so that the constant measuring force generated by the pretensioned spring element 37 or 38, does not act with a low friction in the area of the stops and stop surfaces 33-36, so no moments be generated.

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In another / / shown nleht advantageous AusfUhrungsbefsplel the spring elements 37, 38 in a Flueht to the course of Sehlepphdförung between Tastsehieber 26 and Sehllttengehäuse 12 / Inibesondere In a Flueht does guide shaft 29 of the Unear ball guide, positioned and oriented. This has the advantage of even greater accuracy and low wear "/ since the constant measuring force then acts without a lever arm directly in the direction of parallel displacement / i.e. in the axial direction of the guide shaft 29 / and not / as in the first exemplary embodiment / with a lever arm / which can be seen from the distance of the Spring elements 37, 38 from the axis of the guide shaft 29 result.

With another) / in Flg. 1 embodiment, only indicated by dashed lines, the button learn te and / or the button surfaces provided on the tactile slide 26 are in line with the course of the towing bracket, so z. &. the axis of the guide shaft 29 / arranged and aligned. This is the case, for example, with a contact element 45 at the bottom and 46 at the top that is aligned as an extension of the guide shaft 29 / is held exchangeably on the feeler slide 26 / which is indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines. The indication in Fig. 1 is only intended to serve as an explanation, whereby it is evident that precisely with the formation of the slide 11 as a height measuring slide that can be moved in height along the vertical guide rail 15, the attachment of contact elements 45, 46 as an extension of the guide shaft 29 only suffered is advantageous for very special probing tasks. With this design, there are no gaps between the vertical guide in the form of the guide shaft 29 of the tactile slide 26 on the one hand and its contact surface on the other, so that extreme measurement accuracy can then be achieved, even if wear occurs later in the area of the bearing of the tactile slide 26.

In particular when the slide 11 is designed as a height measuring slide and in connection with a Höhenmeß- und Anreißgerär 10 is an adjustable, vertical weight compensation element 47 below the tactile

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Sehlebers 2o advantageous, which sits there between the tactile adhesive 26 and the shell housing 12 and compensates for the weight of the tactile slide bar 26 with the tactile element 23 attached depending on the measuring task. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the Oewichtsausgleiehselement 47 consists of a cylindrical helical spring held adjustably in the slide housing 12 by means of a screw 40 / which is supported with its lower end by the screw 48 and with its upper end in Pig "I intercepts the load slide 26 from below" instead a cylindrical coil spring can also be a pneumatic or hydraulic spring, a gurnrntpufferähnliehes spring cushion made of rubber, plastic or the like. or some other resilient pressure and support element can be provided.

In another exemplary embodiment, not shown, this can be done previously explained, lower weight compensation element 47 are also completely omitted, provided that 2.B. the lower spring element 37 or the characteristic of the Reversing drive in the form of the eccentric disk 41 are chosen so that the lower spring element 37 while compensating for the weight of the feeler slide 26 including that of the respective attached feeler element 23 is more preloaded than the other if the probing direction is reversed, spring element 38 located above. In this way, too, can the weight of the tactile slide 26 is balanced with the tactile element 23 will.

It is not particularly shown that the height measuring and marking device 10 for Use as a pure scribing device on the slide housing 12, on the outside, has a receptacle on which or in which the scribing tool can then be fastened in an exchangeable manner. The scribing tool is therefore in place when scribing not, like the feeler element 23, on the feeler slide 26, but rather directly on the slide housing 12.

Incidentally, between the feeler element 23 and the feeler slide 26, what is not particularly shown is an edgewise leaf spring

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sit, which is upright approximately at right angles to the surface of the worktop 18 and is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the probe element 23. Such a leaf spring does not deform when the probing direction extends in the vertical direction according to arrow 22, but then bends relatively easily while protecting the measuring system 19 and the feeler slide 26 when, for example, from the front in the direction of the feeler element 23 or above all, for example, at right angles to plane of the drawing forces are applied, for example, when _B falling over of the device, which can cause damage to the sensitive parts or else the destruction or at least.

It goes without saying that the lower counterbalance element 47 does not mandatory and only if the highest accuracy of the device is required 10 necessary is; because by the design according to the invention, the feeler slide 26 with feeler element 23, guide shaft 29 with bolts 31 and the scanning head 20 extremely light in relation to the measuring force.

With regard to the spring elements 37, 38 and also the weight compensation element 47, it is essential that these elements can be pretensioned to such an extent that their force does not change significantly over the stroke of the feeler slide 26 of, for example, 3-5 mm.

If the adjusting knobs 43, 44 bring the eccentric disk 41 into the rotational position shown in FIG. 1 moved downwards, with the lower stop 33 against the associated lower contact surface 35 on the shell housing 12. The contact pressure is done with the preset, defined and essentially constant measuring force. Now moves the entire carriage 11 In Pfellrichtung 22 in FIG. 1, downward, abuts to the probe 25 from above against dat workpiece 24, to remain in this position of the load shifter 26, and hence the displayed "measured value are, you when check dw carriage 11 further move down in Pfelldirection 22. Since dw load slide 26 is still supported against the lower spring element 37 / changes see at

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a further downward movement of the slide housing 12 within the stroke of, for example 3 - 5 mm, the force acting on the feeler slide 26 at most by the value by which the flat spring force of the pretensioned, lower spring element 37 changes. However, this change is so small that it has no effect on the function.

In the opposite direction to this in the direction of arrow 22 in FIG. 1 upwards The function is the same in the measuring direction. For this purpose, the eccentric disk 41 is pivoted through 180 ° by means of the adjusting knobs 43, 44, whereby now the upper spring element 38 in FIG. 1 is acted upon, via this The upper spring element 38 now becomes the feeler slide 26 with its upper stop 34 against the upper stop surface 36 of the slide housing 12 pressed, with the same, defined and constant measuring force.

When the stops 33, 34 and / or stop surfaces 35, 36 as switching contacts are formed or carry switching contacts, switching functions can be triggered when the workpiece 24 is touched. For these switching functions do not require any particular accuracy, as the Slide 11 with its housing-side stop surfaces 35 or 36 after after the workpiece 24 has been touched, it is still shifted at least a little further. It can therefore with simple means high accuracy the function of very expensive, switching probes can be realized. DJe of such a switching element, e.g. the normally closed function has generated switching pulses can be used in many ways, e.g. for transferring and calculating the measured value in data processing, to control efces motor drive of the slide 11 etc.

Since the slide 26 is pressed against the workpiece 24 with the key element 23 under measuring force, it is possible to use bores 2.B. to determine the vertex of the bore or the inclination of a workpiece surface with respect to the surface of the worktop 18 by moving the device 10 on the worktop 18 directly and without further aids. Know when the probe head 25 is known

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thus easily determined the diameter and centers of holes will.

An important feature of the slide according to the invention is how explains that the movement of the carriage 11 in the direction of arrow 22 downward and upward force required can be arbitrary without affecting the measuring force acting on the feeler slide 26. There is also a touch of the feeler slide 26 when approaching the measuring surface cni workpiece 24 is not required by the operator, in contrast to known height and length measuring devices, is also insofar a possible measurement error avoided.

If the pushbutton element 23 is removed and instead in the one not shown When a scriber is attached to the carriage housing 12, the device 10 can also be used as a height marker without restriction. The transverse forces that arise during the marking are then absorbed by the slide guide 13, 14 designed for this purpose and load the guide of the tactile slide 26 is not. The device 10 is therefore not only suitable as a height measuring and probing device of high accuracy with relatively low accuracy Manufacturing and acquisition costs, but also equally good also as a height marking device.

In the second embodiment shown in Fig. 3 are for the parts, which correspond to the first exemplary embodiment, used reference numerals larger by 100, so that to avoid repetitions the description of the first exemplary embodiment is referred to. In the second exemplary embodiment, the slide 111 is a caliper a slide caliper 151. formed. All the details of the sled 111 are designed as in the first embodiment, instead of the foot 16 sits at one end of the guide rail 115 of the fixed tendon 152. The other tendon 153 is a one-story component of the tactile glue 126. The lower shown in Fig. 1 at the first execution Gewlchtiausglelchselement 47 is omitted in the second exemplary embodiment.

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As a result, the dead weight of the feeler slide 126 of the measuring force Overlay. However, there is an appreciable influence on the measurement result avoided because the weight of the feeler slide 126 can be kept small in relation to the measuring force.

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Claims (28)

Patentanwältet · · I <I,,, ,, ι. 1 1 I I> '' ',, .ill I · · ,,' ι.: ..! .. 111, Il I I ·, · · • t · · • · • * * KratzschMQlbergerstr. 65 Dipl.-Ing. Volkhard KratzschSchulzD-7300 EssüngenPip |, -! Ng, Klaus SchulzTelefon Stuttgart (0711) 35 99 92Deutsche Bank Esslingen 210906cable «krapatent» esslingenneckarPostscheckamt Stuttgart 10004-701j ι Schneider & Kern ι 7119 Niedernhall 127. November 1979 Lawyer record 2975 1. carriage for linear measuring devices with particular incremental or absolute coded measurement system, in particular for Height Gauges, callipers or the like., By means of mutual slide Guided Tours, for example, sliding surfaces, along Ainet device-side longitudinal guide, such as guide rail, displaceable \ bar is guided and interchangeable pushbutton elements and / or their own pushbuttons carries, with which the test specimen can be touched, the measuring system having a scanning head and a material measure, for example a glass scale, of which one part is arranged on the slide and the other part on the device side, or vice versa, and which due to the relative displacement between the slide and longitudinal guides are displaced relative to each other, characterized by a movably held on the slide housing (12) in relation to the slide (11) at least within limits and essentially parallel to the longitudinal guide (14) and with a predetermined, at least essentially constant measuring force in the direction of the slide (11, 12) preloaded feeler slide (26), which is dragged along by the carriage (11, 12) during its displacement movement (arrow 22), the feeler slide (26) being designed as a lightweight component of low mass and only the contact surfaces or feeler elements (23, 45/46) and one part, in particular the Abtaitkopf (20) / de «Meßeyitemei (19). II Uli I * Il llll
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III I II t I Il Il I Hi Il Il 2. Slide according to claim I _7, characterized in that the feeler slide (26) has a stop (33 or .34) for each translation direction, each of which has a schlittenseiti.e? Stop surface (35 or 36) is assigned, against which the feeler slide (26) is pressed with its stop (33 or 34) under prestress (37 or 38). 3. Slide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the feeler slide (26) and the slide housing {! 2) preferably a spring element (37 or 38) is arranged in each of the two translation directions, which on the one hand depends on the probing direction supported on the slide housing (12) and on the other hand on the feeler slide (26) and between the slide housing (12) and the feeler slide (26) in the probing direction can be preloaded in such a way that over the relative displacement between tactile slide (26) and slide housing (12), e.g. from 3-5 mm, results in an essentially constant spring force and measuring force. 4. Slide according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized by a reversing device (41 - 44) supported on the slide housing (12), by means of which, depending on the probing direction, one or the other spring element (37 or 38) can be pretensioned. 5. Sled according to claim 4, characterized in that the reversing device is reversible by means of an external adjusting knob (33, 34), has cams (41) mounted on the slide housing (12), one in one position and the other in its other position The spring element (37 or 38) is applied and pretensioned. 6. Slide according to claim 5, characterized in that the Cam designed as an eccentric disk (41)! St. 7. Slide according to one of the claims 3-6, characterized in that that the spring elements (37, 38) old cylindrical coil springs, I ti III! ί; ι. : Ill I ■> I I ι ι <' ¹ - - '■ 111 111 · ·'< - 3 old pneumatic or hydraulic springs, els gummlbufferähnllehe Feather cushions made of plastic or plastic or the like, resilient vorsponnbere pressure elements are formed. 8. Sehlitten according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the tactile adhesive (26) is contained in the SehllttGngehäuses (12). 9. carriage close to one of claims 5 * 7, characterized / that the tactile adhesive (26) has a central recess (27), within which the cams, in particular the eccentric disk (41), of the reversing device (41-44) are located. 10. Sled according to claim 9, characterized in that the load slide (26) on both sides of the cam, in particular the Eccentric disk (41), aligned approximately parallel to the longitudinal guide (14) each has a spring element (37, 38), one end of which is supported on the load slide (26), preferably within a saekloch-like Opening (39 or 40) stores, protrudes into the recess (27) and with its other end there fe after reversing position of the cam (41) is acted upon and pretensioned by the latter (spring element 37) or is out of engagement with the cam (41) (Spring element 38). 11. Slide according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that that the stroke by which the feeler slide (26) relative to the slide housing (12) is displaceable, is approximately 3-5 mm. 12. Sled according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that that the Schlepphai sion between the load slide (26) and the Slide housing (12) is designed as a parallel guide (28) permitting relative movement. I I I i ι ι . Ill i I I I I I <I I a t ι I lit 'ι ί ' - 4th 13. Sehlitten naeh claim 12, characterized in that the Parallel guide (28) as linear ball guide (29/30), spring parallelogram, Air bearing arrangement or the like. is trained. 14. Sehlitten naeh claim 13, characterized / that the Linear ball guide one on the feeler slide (26) held / parallel to Has longitudinal guide (14) aligned guide shaft (29) / the two ends Easy to use and at least essentially free of play in balls (30) is mounted in the slide housing (12) / or vice versa. 15. Sehlitten according to one of claims 1 - 14 / characterized gekennzeielv net / that the feeler slide (26) against rotation relative to the slide housing (12) is secured. 16 «sledge according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that that the anti-rotation device has a transverse pin (31) fixed on the guide shaft (29) and a U-shaped pin held on the slide housing (12) Has the rail (32) / into which the transverse pin (31) is 17. Slide according to one of claims 2 - 16, characterized / that the stops (33/34) of the feeler slide (26) and / or the stop surfaces (35, 36) of the slide housing (12) as switching contacts are formed or carry Schaltkontakfe, each in common form a switching element with preferably a normally closed function, which generates a switching pulse when it is touched, e.g. for controlling, in particular Shutting down a motorized slide drive for taking over the measured value in a data processing system, for delivering a occustic and / or optical signal or the like. is usable. ι ιιιιι J _# 'J "J 18. Sehlitten naeh one of claims 2-17, characterized in that the Ansehlää (33, 34) of the tactile slide (26) and the Aniehlagfläehen (35, 36) of the S «h suffered housing (12) in alignment with the course of the spring elements (37, 38) are arranged and aligned. 19, carriage Naeh any one of claims 3-18, characterized in <idd the spring elements (37, 38) in alignment with the course of the Schlepphälterurig (28) between the touch slide (26) and the Sehlittengehäuse (12); 2. B. the guide shaft (29) of the linear ball guide, are arranged and aligned. 20. Sled according to one of claims 1-19, characterized in that that the tactile elements (45, 46) and / or their own tactile surfaces of the tactile slide (26; 126) in an alignment 2U the course of the dragging (28) between the feeler slide (26; 126) and the slide housing (12), e.g. the guide shaft (29) of the linear ball guide and are aligned. 21. carriage ncsh claim 20, characterized by an in Extension of the guide shaft (29) of the linear ball guide aligned, On the feeler slide (26) exchangeable contact element (45, 46). 22. Slide according to one of claims 1 - 21, characterized by sliding pieces (13) held in the slide housing (12), in particular made of plastic, which are provided with a sliding coating that forms the sliding surface, e.g. made of filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 23. Slide according to one of claims 1 - 22, characterized by the design as along a vertical guide rail (15) height-adjustable height measuring slide (Fig. 1, 2). 24. Sled according to claim 23, characterized by a vertical I ■ I lit '. "." • ι ι "'I. I I I I I I I · ' 6 - Kales, adjustable weight compensation element (47) underneath the tactile adhesive (26) between this and the bed center housing (12), which compensates for the dead weight of the load slide (26) with each attached tactile element (23, 45, 46). 25 «sledge according to claim 24, characterized in that the Gewfehtsausgleiehselement (47) as in the Schfittefigehäuse (12) adjustable held peder element, e.g. as a cylindrical helical spring / as pneumatic or hydraulic spring, as a rubber buffer-like spring cushion Made of rubber, plastic or the like, or ice, such as elastic Pressure and support element is formed. 26. Sled according to claim 23, characterized in that the spring element (37) of the tactile slide valve (26) located below can be biased more strongly than the other, while compensating for the dead weight of the tactile slide valve (26) with the respective attached tactile element (23, 45, 46), spring element (38) located above. 27. Sled according to one of claims 23-26, characterized in that that the slide housing (12) has a receptacle, on or in which a scribing tool can be fastened in an exchangeable manner. 28. Slide according to one of claims 1 - 22, characterized by training as a calliper caliper (Fig. 3).