DE7917122U1 - MEASURING DEVICE FOR POLAROGRAPHIC OR VOLTAMETER MEASUREMENTS - Google Patents
MEASURING DEVICE FOR POLAROGRAPHIC OR VOLTAMETER MEASUREMENTSInfo
- Publication number
- DE7917122U1 DE7917122U1 DE19797917122U DE7917122U DE7917122U1 DE 7917122 U1 DE7917122 U1 DE 7917122U1 DE 19797917122 U DE19797917122 U DE 19797917122U DE 7917122 U DE7917122 U DE 7917122U DE 7917122 U1 DE7917122 U1 DE 7917122U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- solution
- measuring device
- reference electrode
- polarographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical group [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 5
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N Allantoin Natural products NC(=O)N[C@@H]1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195714 L-glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alcohol aldehyde Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N aldehydo-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000458 allantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N alpha-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116871 l-lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/48—Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3277—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a redox reaction, e.g. detection by cyclic voltammetry
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
Case 1164
10/ObCase 1164
10 / Ob
Meßgerät für polarographlsche oder VoItametermessungenMeasuring device for polarographic or volumetric measurements
Die Neuerung betrifft ein neues Meßgerät, das es ermöglicht, polarographische oder Voltametermessungen in besonders vorteilhafter Weise durchzuführen.The innovation relates to a new measuring device that enables polarographic or voltimeter measurements to be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner Way to perform.
Dieses Meßgerät besteht aus einer' Arbeitselektrode, einer Bezugselektrode und einer Hilfselektrode/ eingetaucht in eine Lösung mit konstanter Ionenkonzentration, bezüglich derer die Bezugselektrode reversibel ist* Die Bezugselektrode ist eine Flektrode zweiter Art oder ist vom Metall/Metalloxid-Typ.This measuring device consists of a 'working electrode, a Reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode / immersed in a solution with constant ion concentration, with respect to which the The reference electrode is reversible * The reference electrode is a second type of flectrode or is of the metal / metal oxide type.
Es ist gut bekannt/ daß das Aufzeichnen von Stromstärke/Spannungs-Diagrammen/ wie sie unter geeigneten Bedingungen erhalten werden/ die Grundlage für ein wichtiges analytische» verfahren darstellt, das als polarographische ode* Vo Itameter ana Iy se ϊ·ε-zeichnet wird. Dieses Verfahren gestattet nicht nur die gleichzeitige Bestimmung sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ zahlreicher Kationen und Anicn&A und auch einer großen Anzahl von organischen Substanzen/ die elektrochemisch reduziert und oxidiert werden können, sondern ist auch in der Lage, verschiedene Probleme chemischer Natur zu lösen, wi·-. diejenigen einer Konetitutionsbestimmung bestimmter Substanzen, die Untersuchung von Reaktionsmechanismen, die Ermittlung vonIt is well known / that recording current / voltage diagrams / how they are obtained under suitable conditions / the basis for an important analytical »procedure represents that as polarographic ode * Vo Itameter ana Iy se ϊ · ε-draws will. This method not only allows the simultaneous determination both qualitatively and quantitatively numerous cations and Anicn & A and also a large number of organic substances / which can be electrochemically reduced and oxidized, but is also capable of various To solve problems of a chemical nature, wi · -. those of a determination of constitution certain substances, the study of reaction mechanisms, the identification of
-Gleichgewichtskonstanten, die Bestimmung von Stabilitätskonstanten von Komplexen und zahlreiche andere.- Equilibrium constants, the determination of stability constants of complexes and numerous others.
Sie bei polarograph!sehen Nessungen verwendeten Elektrodensystene können im allgemeinen aus 2 oder 3 Elektroden bestehen.You can see the electrode systems used at polarograph! can generally consist of 2 or 3 electrodes.
Ia ersten fall wird die elektromotorische Kraft zwischen der Arbeitselektrode und der Bezugselektrode angelegt und der zwischen den beiden Elektroden fließende Strom wird gemessen.Ia the first case is the electromotive force between the working electrode and the reference electrode are applied and the current flowing between the two electrodes is measured.
Ia zweiten Pail wird unter Verwendung eines potentiοstatischen
Systems eine elektromotorische Kraft zwischen einer Hilfselektrode und der Arbeitselektrode derart angelegt, daß 3le gewünschte
elektromotorische Kraft zwischen der Arbeitselektrode
und der Bezugshalbzelle vorliegt.Ia second pail is made using a potentiostatic
System applied an electromotive force between an auxiliary electrode and the working electrode in such a way that 3le desired electromotive force between the working electrode
and the reference half-cell is present.
Der durch die Arbeitselektrode fließende Strom wird in Abhängigkeit der vorgewählten elektromotorischen Kraft aufgezeichnet.The current flowing through the working electrode is dependent the preselected electromotive force is recorded.
1. der Arbeitselektrode (ein Quecksilbertropfen, Pt, Au, Graphit und andere)1. the working electrode (a drop of mercury, Pt, Au, graphite and other)
2. der Hilfselektrode (Pt)2. the auxiliary electrode (Pt)
3. der Bezugshalbzelle (Hg/Hg2Cl2/KCl)3. the reference half-cell (Hg / Hg 2 Cl 2 / KCl)
(Hg/Hg2S04/K2S04)
(Ag/AgCl/TCl)(Hg / Hg 2 S0 4 / K 2 S0 4 )
(Ag / AgCl / TCl)
Me schwerwiegendsten von der Verwendung von Bezngshalbzellen
eit einer lösung im Inneren und einer flüssigen Verbindung
stammenden Probleme sind:Me most serious from the use of reference half-cells
with a solution inside and a liquid compound
originating problems are:
Die physikalischen Dimensionen können nicht über bestimmte Grenzen hinaus reduziert werden, derart daß die Verwendung in kleinen System schwierig wird;The physical dimensions cannot have certain limits can also be reduced so that use in small systems becomes difficult;
flüssige Verbindung zwischen der zu untersuchenden Lösung and der Lösung im Inneren der Halbzelle verursacht das sog. "flüssige Verbindungepotential11, dessen Verminderung mühsam 1st, wobei dieses Potential überdies in Abhängigkeit von der Batur der zu untersuchenden Lösung variiert; die Probe der zu untersuchenden Lösung wird durch die Lösung in Inneren der Halbzelle verunreinigx und umgekehrt; Sie Bezugshalbzelle erfordert vergleichsweise häufige Inatandhaltungsmaenahmen. Liquid connection between the solution to be examined and the solution inside the half-cell causes the so-called "liquid connection potential 11 , the reduction of which is laborious, whereby this potential also varies depending on the nature of the solution to be examined; the sample of the solution to be examined becomes contaminated by the solution inside the half-cell and vice versa; the reference half-cell requires comparatively frequent maintenance measures.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde gefunden, daß es möglich ist, die herkömmliche Bezugshalbzelle durch eine feste Elektrode, beispielsweise eine solche der zweiten Art zu ersetzen, deren Potential durch eine konstante Ionenkonzentration (bezüglich derer die fragliche Elektrode reversibel ist), die in die zu untersuchende Lösung eingebracht ist, stabilisiert ist.According to the invention it has been found that it is possible to use the conventional Replace the reference half-cell with a fixed electrode, for example one of the second type, its potential by a constant concentration of ions (with respect to which the electrode in question is reversible), which in the to investigating solution is introduced, is stabilized.
Verwendbare Elektroden können- die folgenden sein: Iridium/Iridiumoxid, Palladium/Palladiumoxid, Bhodium/Bhodiuraoxid (mit einer konstanten H+-Konzentration in der zu untersuchenden Lösung); eine Fluoridelektrode (mit einer konstanten F~-Konsentration in der zu untersuchenden Lösung); Ag/AgCl, Ag/AgJ und Ag/AgSr (mit einer konstanten Konzentration an C1~-,J" bzw. Br~-Ionen in der zu untersuchenden Lösung); Ag/Ag2S ( mit einer Konzentration an entweder Ag+ oder S in der zu untersnchenden Lösung).Usable electrodes can be the following: iridium / iridium oxide, palladium / palladium oxide, bhodium / bhodiura oxide (with a constant H + concentration in the solution to be examined); a fluoride electrode (with a constant F ~ concentration in the solution to be examined); Ag / AgCl, Ag / AgJ and Ag / AgSr (with a constant concentration of C1-, J "or Br- ions in the solution to be examined); Ag / Ag 2 S (with a concentration of either Ag + or S in the solution to be examined).
Unter Ausnutzung des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodensystems, das s.S. eine Arbeitselektrode und eine Hilfselektrode beide aus Platin und eine Ir/IrOg-Bezugselektrode (wie in Kg. 1 geseigt) enthalten kann, 1st es möglich, beim Arbeiten in einer Pufferlösung eine elektrochemische Reaktion an der Arbeitselektrode zu überwachen, die zuvor auf eine vorherbestimmte Spannung in Bezug auf die Bezugselektrode aufgeladen worden ist.Using the electrode system according to the invention, which can contain a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode both made of platinum and an Ir / IrOg reference electrode (as shown in Kg. 1 ), it is possible to cause an electrochemical reaction at the working electrode when working in a buffer solution monitor that has been previously charged to a predetermined voltage with respect to the reference electrode.
-Das erfindungsgemäße Elektrodensystem "besitzt den Torteil, daß es nicht durch einen der zuvor aufgezählten Mangel für Systeme, die Bezugshalbzellen mit einer Losung im Inneren verwenden, beeinträchtigt wird. Ein besonderer Yorteil beruht darauf, daß die 3 Individuellen Elektroden rasch zu einer einzigen Gesamtheit angeordnet werden können, selbst wenn sie eine reduzierte Größe besitzen und Messungen von Volumina im mikroskopischen Maßstab --4er zu untersuchenden Lösung angepaßt werden können.-The electrode system according to the invention "has the gate part that it is not due to one of the deficiencies listed above for systems using the reference half-cells with a solution inside will. A special advantage is based on the fact that the 3 individual electrodes quickly become a single entity can be arranged even if they are reduced in size and measurements of volumes on a microscopic scale - can be adapted to the solution to be investigated.
figur 1 der beigefügten Zeichnungen zeigt lediglich beispielshalber eine mögliche Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Elektrodensystems . FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a possible embodiment of the present electrode system by way of example only.
Es wird nun zuerst auf Figur 1 Bezug genommen. In dieser bedeutet die Zahl 1 die Ir/IrC^-Elektrode, 2 ist die Platinarbeitselektrode, 3 die Platinhilfselektrode, 4 eine Sonde (gegebenenfalls) zur Temperaturkontrolle, 5 ist der Körper des Elektrodensystems und 6 ist schließlich die Anordnung der Anschlußteile sam Anschließen des Meßinstruments. Das Elektrodensystem, wie es nun beschrieben wurde, kann zur Durchführung zahlreicher Analysen verwendet werden. Z.B. kann es für die folgenden Be- -mgen verwendet werden:Reference is now made first to FIG. In this means the number 1 is the Ir / IrC ^ electrode, 2 is the platinum working electrode, 3 the auxiliary platinum electrode, 4 a probe (if applicable) for temperature control, 5 is the body of the electrode system and 6 is finally the arrangement of the connection parts sam connecting the measuring instrument. The electrode system, like it has now been described can be used to perform a variety of analyzes. E.g. it can be used for the following - may be used:
1· Bestimmung von Wasserstoffperoxid, z.B. in Verbindung mit der Entwicklung der folgenden enzymatischen Reaktionen:1 · Determination of hydrogen peroxide, e.g. in connection with the development of the following enzymatic reactions:
1·1. O2 + α-D-Glucose1 · 1. O 2 + α-D-glucose
1.2. O2 + Alkohol Aldehyd 1.3- O2 + Harnsäure ^riease^ Allantoin + 1.4. O2 + D-Galaktose —> D-Galaktohexodialdo-1.5. O2 + Cholesterin 4-Cholestan-3-on +1.2. O 2 + alcohol aldehyde 1.3- O 2 + uric acid ^ riease ^ allantoin + 1.4. O 2 + D-galactose - > D-galactohexodialdo-1.5. O 2 + cholesterol 4-cholestan-3-one +
1.*. O9 + H9O+ L-Aminc3äure 2-Eetosäure + 2 ^ Oxydase HBy-iy)1.*. O 9 + H 9 O + L-amine acid 2-eeto acid + 2 ^ oxidase HBy-iy)
• «II• «II
»It · III· I»It · III · I
I · I ti · · ·I I ti
III It It ·III It It
-6--6-
2. Bestimmung von NAP(P)Hx vNAD(P)+, beispielsweise in Verbindung mit der Entwicklung der folgenden enzymatisehen Reaktionen: 2. Determination of NAP (P) H x v NAD (P) + , for example in connection with the development of the following enzymatic reactions:
2.1. Pyruvat + NADH L-Lactat + NAD+ 2.1. Pyruvate + NADH L-lactate + NAD +
2.£. L-GIutamat + H^O + NAD(P)+ 2-Ketoglutarat2. £. L-glutamate + H ^ O + NAD (P) + 2-ketoglutarate
* Dehydrogenase +NH5H-NAD(P)H* Dehydrogenase + NH 5 H-NAD (P) H
2.3. Alkohol + NAD(P)+ jQaehya+NADH2.3. Alcohol + NAD (P) + jQaehya + NADH
2«4. Glycerin + NAD+ —»Dlhydroxvaceton+NADH i ifehydrogenase2 «4. Glycerin + NAD + - » dihydroxvacetone + NADH i ifehydrogenase
2.5. !D-MalatrNAD+ Oxalaeetat+NADH2.5. ! D-malatrNAD + oxalaeetate + NADH
2.6. ß-D-Glucose+NAD(P)+ D-Gluconolacton +2.6. ß-D-glucose + NAD (P) + D-gluconolactone +
Dehydrogenase NAD(.PJH und andereDehydrogenase NAD (.PJH and others
3. Bestimmung von biologischen Substanzen und nicht-biologischea Substanzen, die bereits in zu untersuchenden flüssigkeiten vorliegen im Gegensatz zu solchen, die bei Reaktionen gebildet werden, wie die zuvor genannten, wie z.B.:3. Determination of biological and non-biological substances a Substances that are already present in the liquids to be examined in contrast to those that are formed in reactions such as those mentioned above, such as:
3.1. Harnsäure
3·2.Ascorbinsäure3.1. uric acid
3 · 2.ascorbic acid
4. Bestimmung von sämtlichen Substanzen, die gewöhnlich unter Verwertung herkömmlicher Elektrodensysteme nachgewiesen4. Determination of all substances that are usually under Proven use of conventional electrode systems
Weiter* Verfahrenseinzelheiten werden beim Studium der folgenden Beispiele ersichtlich, die die Erfindtrag nahör erläutern.Next * procedural details are provided while studying the following Examples can be seen that explain the contribution of the invention.
Bestinimng von Glucose gemäß dem vorstehend unter 1.1. angegebenen Beaktionsschena.Determination of glucose according to the above under 1.1. specified Beaktionsschena.
• · ■ ( I ■ ·• · ■ (I ■ ·
<** · «til · · ■<** · «til · · ■
• * · Ct IC « · · ·• * · Ct IC «· · ·
■ · ' t t C ■■ · 't t C ■
CCt IC C ( I ■·CCt IC C (I ■
-7--7-
1· Enzymatisches Reagens, enthaltend 75 mM Phosphat-Puffer, pH 7 und Glucose-Ozydase 50 E/ml1 enzymatic reagent containing 75 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7 and glucose ozydase 50 U / ml
2. in Handel erhaltliche Eontrollsera2. Commercially available control sera
3. ßlucosestandardlösungen (50-100-150-200-300-500 mg/dl) in gesättigter Senzoesäurelosung3. ßlucose standard solutions (50-100-150-200-300-500 mg / dl) in saturated senzoic acid solution
4. Meßzelle von figur 2, die mit den speziellen pclarographischen Instrumenten verbunden ist.4. The measuring cell of Figure 2, which is equipped with the special pclarographic Instruments connected.
Ib gjgar 2 gibt die Bezugszahl 1 den Weg des Einbringens des enzymatisehen Reagens über eine automatische Dosiervorrichtung an, 2 sind die mit dem Polarographen verbundenen Elektroden, 3 let die Probenzufuhrpipette, 4 1st ein Rührer, 5 ist die mit einem Saugsystem verbundene Absenkung, 6 sind die Verbindungen der Sensoren mit dem Polarographen.Ib gjgar 2 , the reference number 1 indicates the way of introducing the enzymatic reagent via an automatic dosing device, 2 are the electrodes connected to the polarograph, 3 are the sample feed pipette, 4 is a stirrer, 5 is the lowering device connected to a suction system, 6 are the connections between the sensors and the polarograph.
Methoden:Methods:
Man bringt 2 ml enzymatisches Reagens in die Meßzelle ein und gibt 0,02 ml Serum oder einen Standard zu. Der Polarograph wird mit einem Registriergerät für das Aufzeichnen des Reaktionsverlaufs auf einem Diagramm verbunden. Man erhält Peaks wie sie in Figur 3 dargestellt sind. Die Höhe eines jeden Peaks ist proportional zur Konzentration der Glucose in der Probe (Kgnr 4).2 ml of enzymatic reagent is introduced into the measuring cell and 0.02 ml of serum or a standard is added. The Polarograph is connected to a recording device for recording the course of the reaction on a diagram. Peaks as shown in FIG. 3 are obtained. The height of each peak is proportional to the concentration of glucose in the sample ( Kgnr 4 ).
Zur Überprüfung der Genauigkeit wurden acht kommerzielle Seren untersucht und die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle I angegeben. To check the accuracy eight commercial sera were tested and the results are given in Table I below.
Der Vergleich mit der enzymatisch-colorimetrisehen Methode ergab .die folgenden Daten:The comparison with the enzymatic-colorimetric method resulted in the following data:
.· · I Il. · · I Il
: 7 = 0,94 x + 7,8» ^ ·
: 7 = 0.94 x + 7.8
1("·
1
Ili
Il
I182 * 0-216.0
I.
ist ·■ · · · c r ·is · ■ · · · c r ·
-10--10-
-Beispiel 2-Example 2
Es wurde ein polarographi sehe s System mit den folgenden Yerfahrensparametern verwendet:A polarographic system was used with the following process parameters used:
zu der Han gab zunehmende Mengen von 10 mcl his 100 mcl (Millicentiliter Prohe von 0,1 mg/ml TTATTH und führte eine kontinuierliche Aufzeichnung der Stromstärke in Bezug auf die Oxidationsreaktion ▼on KAIE zu H-AJ)+ durch. to the Han gave increasing amounts from 10 mcl to 100 mcl (millicentiliter Prohe of 0.1 mg / ml TTATTH and carried out a continuous recording of the current intensity in relation to the oxidation reaction from KAIE to H - AJ) + .
Die Anzeigen des Instruments waren proportional zur Zunahme der NADH-Zonzentration in der Beaktions&elle bei einem 70 nA Signal für O1U mMol/ml UAIH.The readings of the instrument were proportional to the increase in the concentration of NADH in the reaction zone with a 70 nA signal for O 1 U mmol / ml UAIH.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT24640/78A IT1158856B (en) | 1978-06-16 | 1978-06-16 | ELECTRODIC SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE ELECTRODE WITHOUT LIQUID JUNCTION FOR VOLTAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE7917122U1 true DE7917122U1 (en) | 1982-09-30 |
Family
ID=11214235
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792924117 Ceased DE2924117A1 (en) | 1978-06-16 | 1979-06-15 | ELECTRODE SYSTEM WITH A REFERENCE ELECTRODE WITHOUT LIQUID TRANSITION FOR VOLTAMETER MEASUREMENTS |
| DE19797917122U Expired DE7917122U1 (en) | 1978-06-16 | 1979-06-15 | MEASURING DEVICE FOR POLAROGRAPHIC OR VOLTAMETER MEASUREMENTS |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792924117 Ceased DE2924117A1 (en) | 1978-06-16 | 1979-06-15 | ELECTRODE SYSTEM WITH A REFERENCE ELECTRODE WITHOUT LIQUID TRANSITION FOR VOLTAMETER MEASUREMENTS |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS554591A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1141435A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2924117A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2428839A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2023846B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1158856B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3937577A1 (en) * | 1989-11-11 | 1991-05-16 | Lutz Ehrlich | Voltametric analysis cell - with holder cavity holding oversize mercury droplet |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS507615A (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1975-01-27 | ||
| JPS5026614A (en) * | 1973-07-10 | 1975-03-19 | ||
| JPS62501877A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1987-07-23 | コモンウエルス サイエンテイフイツク アンド インダストリアル リサ−チ オ−ガニゼ−シヨン | voltammetric cell |
| DE3725597A1 (en) * | 1987-08-01 | 1989-02-09 | Siegert Gmbh | Ionometric sensor |
| DE3810186A1 (en) * | 1987-08-01 | 1989-10-05 | Siegert Gmbh | SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE ACTIVITY OF IONS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US5144247A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-09-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for reducing IR error in cathodic protection measurements |
| US5653864A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-08-05 | Nok Corporation | Protein biosensor and method for protein measurement with the same |
| DE59909242D1 (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2004-05-27 | Micronas Gmbh | REFERENCE ELECTRODE |
| JP3982133B2 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2007-09-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Measuring device using biosensor and biosensor and dedicated standard solution used therefor |
| DE102010040057A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Electrochemical sensor, particularly pH-sensor, comprises measuring electrode and reference electrode for generating reference potential |
| US11259724B2 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2022-03-01 | Glucovation, Inc. | Electrochemical sensing system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1426514A (en) * | 1965-02-27 | 1966-01-28 | Apparatus for studying solids comprising several compounds | |
| US3676321A (en) * | 1970-07-27 | 1972-07-11 | Honeywell Inc | Electrochemical oxygen demand system |
| US3910830A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1975-10-07 | Petrolite Corp | Flush mounted probe assembly |
| FR2331017A1 (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1977-06-03 | Owens Illinois Inc | Determn. of glucose by oxidn. on supported glucose oxidase - and polarographic determn. of hydrogen peroxide formed, esp. for analysis of blood serum |
| US4073053A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1978-02-14 | Honeywell Inc. | Method of making an ion responsive electrode |
| JPS52126286A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-10-22 | New Cosmos Electric Co | Measuring apparatus for residual chlorine |
| JPS52126285A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-10-22 | New Cosmos Electric Co | Measuring method and apparatus for residual free chlorine concentration |
| FR2636943B1 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1991-04-12 | Rhone Poulenc Sante | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SATURATED ALDEHYDES BY HYDROGENATION OF ALDEHYDES (ALPHA), (BETA) -UNSATURES |
-
1978
- 1978-06-16 IT IT24640/78A patent/IT1158856B/en active
-
1979
- 1979-06-05 CA CA000329156A patent/CA1141435A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-08 GB GB7920119A patent/GB2023846B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-15 DE DE19792924117 patent/DE2924117A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-06-15 DE DE19797917122U patent/DE7917122U1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-15 JP JP7477779A patent/JPS554591A/en active Pending
- 1979-06-15 FR FR7915476A patent/FR2428839A1/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3937577A1 (en) * | 1989-11-11 | 1991-05-16 | Lutz Ehrlich | Voltametric analysis cell - with holder cavity holding oversize mercury droplet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1158856B (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| FR2428839B1 (en) | 1982-11-05 |
| GB2023846A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
| IT7824640A0 (en) | 1978-06-16 |
| DE2924117A1 (en) | 1979-12-20 |
| FR2428839A1 (en) | 1980-01-11 |
| GB2023846B (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| CA1141435A (en) | 1983-02-15 |
| JPS554591A (en) | 1980-01-14 |
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