DE7911501U1 - Friction welding device - Google Patents

Description

PATENT Attorney DIPL.-ING. GERD UTERMANN

71 HEILBRONN. PO Box 3525. CABLE: PATU. TEL. (07131) 82828

Kilianstrasse 7 (Kilianspassage) Deutsche Bank Hellbronn: 364364 Handelsbank Hellbronn: 23080 5 Kreissparkasse Heilbronn: 7001 6 Postscheck Stuttgart: 43016-70-1

Utility model registration W kl. 22 D 1 + 3

March 6, 1979 / lC f \ April 6, 1979

Applicant: Company

Wagner open trading company for plastics technology

Fliederstrasse 10 P.O. Box 191

D-? ^ t30. Metzingen name: friction welding device

Description:

The invention relates to a device for friction welding plastic parts with at least one friction workpiece holder, which is arranged on a drivable spindle equipped with a feed device.

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Friction welding of plastics has been known for a long time. Different possibilities, parameters and problems are in the following publications:

R. Schaefer - · Friction welding of plastics - in Welding and Cutting (1970), Issue 2, pages 56 to 62;

H. Frehsel - friction welding of plastics - in

wt - Z. ind. Complete. 61 (1971) No. 8, pages 493 to 498;

S. Nöckel - Problems of plastic friction welding - in ZIS-Mitteil'ungen 10/74, pages 1264 to 1272;

M. Neitzel et al - Friction welding of plastics in chemical pipes, Plastververarbeitung 29th vol. ^ 78, pages 319 to 324.

So far, friction welding has been modified slightly, if necessary Lathes, drilling machines or special friction devices manufactured for individual special purposes of connecting small mass parts executed. According to the aforementioned documents, the lack of suitable friction welding devices is regretted. Versatile Friction welding devices, in particular for the connector, of plastic parts with large friction surfaces are missing so far. Above all, those seem to be necessary for an efficient connection of relatively large-area parts of a few decimeters in diameter parameters to be taken into account, friction welding conditions and device parts have not yet been fully recognized.

In the last mentioned document there is only a simple workshop friction welding machine with easily infinitely variable, but not particularly brakable spindle drive and simple hydraulic feed system and simple standard jaw chucks. It does not allow the pipe section to be attached to a possibly even arched one Welding container.

It is assumed that a spindle overrun time or Spindle braking time with corresponding spindle run-on revolutions is required in order to dissipate melt in the spindle run-down phase drive out of the friction gap and a bondable melt for Ver to have good fortune. Despite the wish, by using the variation options for the parameter preselection, even during the short-term term friction period to get optimal results, has not been recognized that by increasing the speed and sudden Braking both process technology and machine technology special advantages can be achieved. Rather, according to Figure 6 it is assumed that the feed rate must always decrease during the rubbing process, beyond the size of the drive motor nothing said.

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* required is the size the Always divide Top height of the • · · *
> · ■ .-
- 3 - will the The counterforce is always applied to the back of the friction surface. Spindle carrier respectively. the With drilling machines and lathes brought. Accordingly the extension of the

Lathe limited. Also, up to now friction welded connections have only been made on planes or by means of appropriate preprocessing processes adapted areas or very small areas, where unevenness is not important, through-

C led. However, if you want to produce large-area friction-welded connections, you have to find suitable methods in terms of both the process concept and the machine design Look for ways that introduce and absorb the necessary forces without impairing the friction conditions enable to produce friction weld seams free of cavities and shrinkage cracks over the entire surface can. So that the friction welding process is efficient. and suitable for different workpieces of large dimensions

/ The device and procedure must be different

Take the circumstances into account, as special machines for the much smaller series or constantly changing conditions cannot be specially made.

Accordingly, the invention addresses the problems that Friction welder to quickly join the larger workpiece and turn the friction surfaces into one for reaming Bring the friction workpiece suitable position and design the device so that improved friction welding conditions be made possible.

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the workpiece. The counterforce holding device pulls

/ essential the workpiece against the support and all forces will be only applied and supported from the outside of the workpiece. Friction welding is no longer of that Depending on the size of the workpieces, the device can be attached quickly. According to an advantageous development the counterforce holding device is outside the support. In itself can be for special In cases, the order can also be made the other way round, in particular

In order to achieve this, an important solution of the invention provides an arrangement outside the friction surface with the spindle holder connected support and an opposite to the pressure direction of the spindle effective

I counterforce acting on the larger workpiece from the outside - | holding device in front of.

Such a device can be placed at any point on a workpiece of any size. With the

It rests on support in the area of the friction surface

especially when parts are being machined on a standard support which are just their size, however | so small parts should be rubbed that one inside | half of the support can accommodate means for retraction. § It is particularly useful, however, if the counterforce holding | Device is outside. The support then delimits a completely free, clearly visible, defined area for opening up ben in a predetermined plane, while the counterforce holding f device parts can be located outside at any point

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The Oegenkrafthaltervorrichtung parts can with purely mechanical Means work. However, it is expedient to form them with piston cylinder units, one of which has ends with the spindle mount while their other Ends with attack elements for attachment to the large Workpiece are equipped. At least two of such piston-cylinder units should be provided, but it can also be three, four or six. They should be evenly distributed around the support, around the workpiece easy to wear.

Hooks, claws, grippers for eyelets are used as attack elements, ' undercut parts or the like that are either present on the workpiece or by any method, can be attached in particular by gluing or rubbing. Because plastic surfaces usually are smooth, are suitable as attack elements for quick work suction cups. These should be interchangeable especially if the device is not only used for a specific product. If they are articulated to the Piston-cylinder units are attached, they can also • be placed on surfaces that are inclined to the friction plane lie or serve to bring the workpiece into a plane. In order to let the holder attack in a variety of ways the Koibenzyiinderaggregate conveniently articulated at one end guided on the spindle holder and at the other end to prevent sideways evasion. A special one easy work and good accessibility to the friction area as well as a .safere holder result if

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the support from a partially open attachment crown is formed, provided on opposite sides of the articulated holding arms for the piston-cylinder units are. Such a device construction is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. They can also be interchangeable be designed.

The whole device is equipped with stable holding and guiding means to equip for a versatile adjustment and locking of the friction spindle unit, for example after Kind of a pillar drill with a height adjustable on a pillar Slide, a swiveling connection between slide and spindle holder and above all a mechanical feed and retraction device for the entire spindle holder and also expediently with a sliding guide for the column, especially when used for welding nozzles on large container walls or the like in front of the Reibschweifcsvorrichtung be set up.

Such a device can also be attached to a non-planar, elastically deformable container wall or the like from the outside made of plastic and make it elastic with the help of the counterforce holding device and the support in the friction area deform into a plane. With it you can for the first time

, not flat
bar a smaller plastic workpiece, for example a pipe connection, a socket connection or the like, on a container wall without special pre-processing.

With previous friction welding, one has during the entire friction: ■ Process and the stripping with constant pressure on the work _j piece worked and at most applied a higher emphasis. So you have the heating and softening process with you started with the same compressive force that is required for pressing the workpiece into the melted welding zone. Around In order to obtain good results, one therefore had to apply a relatively large contact force during the entire friction welding process work. As a result, people either only rubbed out small parts or assumed that large ones were needed Parts very large drive powers and correspondingly large and stable motors and machines to that of the large contact pressure to apply a correspondingly large torque in the case of a large friction surface. Suitable devices with which worked differently were not available.

In the context of the problem according to the invention, there are also suitable ones To make devices or device parts available that allow it, with reduced torque and thus reduced Drive power of the drive motor to soften even large parts properly in the welding zone and to fix them without voids. Accordingly, a further essential feature of the invention provides that the device has a switchable braking device. You can use it during the warming and

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Softening movement with braked feed speed

work. It is then possible to work with a relatively high constant pressure in the device itself, if you only apply suitable braking to the desired switching point. This point in time can be different can be selected depending on the power of the engine, so that the knowledge that you can by braking the forward thrust speed can lead to a significantly better engine utilization, according to the respective needs | can be used. The workpieces |

until the highest temperature in the welding | zone moved towards each other at a lower feed rate and it is with the termination of the friction welding movement the feed rate increased to a multiple of the previous feed rate. So is at The rubbing process is initiated at a predetermined pressure at reduced speed and only at the moment in which the friction zone is completely melted and the motor can be braked, the feed speed at, constant pressure in the feed unit is significantly increased. The initial feed rate is preferably about 0.1 to 0.05 mm / s; after switching it is increased to about 0.5 to 1 mm / s.

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This is considerable, since the total distance from the touchdown to the start of rubbing to the finished connection is only about 1 to 2 mm. After braking, the feed is only a few tenths of a millimeter. Nevertheless, the difference in the feed speed is of decisive importance for the energy used and for the performance measurement of the motor. These advantages allow K) be achieved in part if the Rotationsreibbewegung off in the usual way and the Vorschubgesch ^ indig-

is changed at about the same time. The friction welding connection can, however, be improved significantly, when the rotational friction movement is suddenly braked and at about the same time the deceleration of the feed speed

,will
repealed. Then namely in the moment in which

the tearing off of the softened molecules by the rotation of the friction workpiece is ended, also the rapid movement , ·> Of the workpiece secured in its final position.

_S While not previously left to the forward movement to the free play of the ruling in the friction zone forces, but by the brake raises the feed rate after switching freely according to the conditions in the welding zone. The full pressure

is maintained until the part has completely cooled down

is.

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The device with the switchable braking device can be designed in various ways, it must however, make sure that it works smoothly and abruptly with the small feed paths is to be switched. Depending on the size of the workpieces, this can be done with mechanical means., It is expedient however, a braking device with a liquid-filled piston-cylinder unit, it, whose overflow channel with at least is equipped with a switchable throttle. Such a hydraulic braking device can be much more sensitive designed and works smoothly, although the great feed force wii-ks on them. You can get one from the hydraulics . known flow control valve, which the speed independently of pressure changes allowed to set in. Usually it will be enough to have an adjustable one if necessary, however, also provides an adjustable throttle and a bypass line equipped with a shut-off valve. Then the throttle can be set to the desired value and only the shut-off valve is required to switch over to be operated. Instead of switching over a shut-off valve or a flow control valve can also be a hydraulic braking device with a fixed feed rate be provided that can be mechanically coupled to and decoupled from the feed of the spindle is, in which, for example, corresponding pawls, retaining pins or the like inserted.bzw. freaked out will.

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The associated feed device can be designed mechanically or hydraulically. A pneumatic piston-cylinder unit as a feed device is particularly expedient for use on large plastic parts and for suitable pressing of the friction-welded parts. The braking could also be carried out pneumatically if necessary, but a hydraulic braking device is easier to control sensitively, which is why the interaction of the pneumatic advancing piston cylinder unit with the hydraulic braking device is particularly useful. The spindle can advantageously be arranged in the hollow piston rod of the pneumatic piston-cylinder unit so as to be rotatable and drivable in a pushing manner. In this way, a compact, safe working construction that enables good storage is created. The hydraulic braking device can itself be arranged next to the feed unit. It is particularly expedient, however, ₃ that the hydraulic braking device surrounds the same piston rod as the pneumatic feed device. This further improves the compact design and simplifies the introduction and support of the forces. In order not to unnecessarily enlarge the feed paths and thus the transport paths of the brake fluid, the cylinder housing of the feed device is expediently guided in an adjustable and lockable manner in the feed direction. Then can

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the device can easily be brought up to the workpieces even with larger adjustment distances. A compact design is further promoted in that the drive motor is flanged to the cylinder. The drive motor should be | - no matter where it is arranged - be an electronically brakable electric motor, as this is a sudden one Braking made possible very well. The speed of the speed can also be electronically adjusted to suit the specific needs of the To be able to precisely set the workpiece size corresponding to the speed. Purely for experimental purposes, it is useful if the Switching of the feed speed and the switching of the motor brake can be operated separately. if However, once the welding parameters for a certain type of connection have been determined, it is advisable to use the Switching of the feed speed with the activation of the motor brake to be coupled, which is mechanical, hydraulic, can be done pneumatically, electrically or electronically. Then it is ensured that in the moment where none further melting heat is supplied, the increased Vorsehub SPEED is also available.

A particularly small and simple design of the device that can be used on a variety of base frames provides that the spindle holder has an axial and radial bearing of the spindle provided in a hollow piston and the spindle with the drive, brake and / or gear motor attached to the cylinder head via a longitudinal

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§ movable coupling is connected and the hollow piston rod has two pistons arranged in one behind the other, mutually sealed cylinder chambers, One of which can be acted upon with a compressed gas on both sides and the other with a check valve and a throttle is filled with guidable, incompressible braking medium. Such a compact unit satisfies all

, ('' for a quick execution of the turning and feed movements demands to be made. Essential features are also given in the following part of the description given with reference to the drawings treated.

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The invention is explained and described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

Fig. 1 The side view of a device for rotary friction welding with a container wall shown in section, which is deformed into the friction welding position is;

FIG. 2 shows a view of the friction welding device according to FIG. 1 from the left, but without the container wall; FIG.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section along lines 3-3 in Fig. 1 and 2 through the friction welding device and the container wall on a somewhat larger scale and partly more precise representation with schematic indication of some circuit elements;

Fig. ¹ J a diagram of the various machine and welding parameters;

5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a friction welding device with representation of the essential parts in section and the column arrangement in side view and some circuit elements in schematic form and

6 shows a longitudinal section through a practical embodiment of a hydraulic braking device for the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 3 or 5-

The friction welding device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used in this example to _{fasten a connecting piece 12 in the friction welding process 3} to a wall 11 of a container of a large pressure knife. The container with the wall stands on the floor 1H in front of the friction welding devicej which has horizontal guide rails 16 on floor rails 15.

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The base frame 18 of a column 19 can be moved on the horizontal guide rails 16 with the aid of the traction motor 17. The horizontal and vertical rollers 20 serve to guide it. With the traction motor 17, the column 19 can be brought into a desired distance from the larger workpiece, which here forms the container wall 11. The spindle aging 21 has a vertical slide 22 which is guided on the column 19 in a height-adjustable manner. A screw spindle 23, which is inserted into a corresponding nut 2k

, 22
engages on the vertical slide. The screw spindle

is rotated with the help of the gear motor 25 and thereby the vertical slide 22 up and down in the desired position moved.

A horizontal guide housing 27 is attached to _{the vertical slide 3} so that it can pivot about the axis 26. It is attached to the vertical slide with the aid of the rotary guide rings 28. The locking means are not shown in detail. It is useful to attach an angle scale for setting the required inclinations of the spindle.

In the horizontal guide housing 27, a feed mechanism can be displaced and locked in the direction of the main axis of rotation A and brake cylinder 30 out. He wears on his

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Vertically pour 22 opposite side a toothed / rack 31 _Λ in which a pinion 32 engages, which is non-rotatably arranged on a shaft 34 connected to the handwheel 33. The shaft 34 is rotatably mounted in the horizontal guide housing 27. The sliding connection can be tightened with a toggle 35.

At the rear end of the advance and brake cylinder 30 is a motor 37 flanged on. It is an electronically adjustable speed and electronically abrupt brakable motor.

Inside the feed and brake cylinder 30 are three Cylinder-fixed Zylihderraumbegrenzungswall 38 attached with the help of ring seals and shaft locks. she are penetrated by a hollow feed piston rod 39. This carries two fastened with shaft locks Piston disks 40 which are sealed, but guided in the cylinder 30 so as to be displaceable. The hollow feed piston rod 39 has a sufficient length to in both end positions between the cylinder boundary walls 38.1 and 38.3 to be sealed. Triple seals in these cylinder baffles o ensure a perfect seal. In the front end 39 ·! the feed piston rod are a Radial bearing 41.1 and a thrust bearing 42.1 attached.

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Approximately in the middle is another radial bearing 41.2 and an axial bearing that is effective in the opposite direction 42.2 arranged. The spindle 43 can be rotated in these, but with respect to the feed piston rod 39 axially non-displaceable. The rear end 43-1 the spindle 43 is provided with a spline 44 which is axially displaceable in a spline sleeve 45, but engages in a torsion-proof manner. The splined sleeve 45

( ) is attached to the motor shaft 46 of the motor 37 in a rotationally fixed and axially immovable manner. The spindle 43 can thus be driven so as to be rotatable and axially displaceable. It can be moved with the aid of the piston disk 4 & 2. The spindle 43 carries a chuck 47 at its front end into which a friction workpiece holder 48 can be inserted. The friction workpiece holder 48 can be exchanged for a drill chuck. The friction workpiece holder 48 carries, for example, a pressure disk 48.1

. with a centering attachment 48.2, on the as a friction workpiece

the pipe socket 12 is attached. An adhesive strip secures the non-rotatable connection.

A support 50 is placed on the front end 30.1 of the feed and brake cylinder. It's from a pipe formed, which along the line 50.1, as can be seen from Fig. 3, is excluded to laterally access the Chuck 47j the friction workpiece holder 48 and the friction workpiece

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to obtain. The front end 50.2 ist.mit recesses 50.3 provided so that support webs 50.4 remain and one Support crown results, within which the friction surface Rp lies. On the attachment attachment 50.5 are on opposite sides Pages attached to the bearing blocks 51 on which pneumatic

/ 52
Piston-cylinder units are pivotably mounted with the aid of bolts 53. The front ends 54.1 of the piston rods ^ U are screwed into connecting and pivot bearing rods 55.

When the horizontal guide housing is not pivoted, the connecting and pivoting rods 55 are vertical, as shown in FIG.

evident. Suction holders 56 are pivotably mounted on them. They have swivel-tail guides 56.1, into which the suction cups 57 can be inserted interchangeably. the Suckers 57 are secured with screws 56-2. The suckers 57 are designed according to the workpiece. In the example they are, as illustrated in FIG. 2, as elongated Rectangles designed. An elongated ring seal 58,) each semicircular in the upper and lower areas is performed, ensures an airtight system on the surface 11.1 of the larger workpiece. Against the side Evasion of the suction cups 57 as a result of undesired pivoting of the piston-cylinder units 52 are the connecting and swiveling rods 55 articulated at their outer ends with holding arms 59, ie "in turn on bearing journals 60 seated on opposite sides of the

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Support 50 are attached in the area of the webs 50.4, as can be seen in more detail in FIG. So the piston rods 5 ^ can be extended and retracted unhindered, whereby they pivot slightly. The suckers 57 can with their suction cups 56 on the connection and Swivel rods 55 pivoted to adapt to aie surface shape v / earth and adjust themselves according to the deformation forces. To compensate for lateral movements when pulling straight, the suction cups 56 should be slightly sideways be slidably mounted.

The suckers 57 are via a suction air line 65 and a shut-off valve 66 with a suction air source 6? tied together. In the drawing, for the sake of clarity, FIG. 3 only the line 65 to the right sucker 57 is shown. It also leads to the left sucker 57-

A valve 68 to which the two lines 69.1 and 69.2 of the cylinder 52 lead is provided for controlling the pneumatically operated yoke cylinder units 52. The left cylinder 52 is also connected accordingly. ; A compressed air line 70 connects the valve 68 to the maintenance unit 71, which is a pneumatic device unit with filter, pressure control valve and oiler, which is connected to a compressed air source 72. The compressed air line 70 also leads to a valve 73 ₃ to which the lines 74.1 and 74.2 are connected, which also lead to the feed cylinder space 30.4 and 30.5. The lines 74.I and 74.2 are also partially shown in the wall of the cylinder. The lines are also shown schematically:

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The space 30.6 of the cylinder JO and the space 30.7 are with a practically incompressible pressure medium, such as hydraulic oil, whose leakage losses from a pressurized reservoir 76 via a check valve 77 can be fed. The hydraulic line leads to the hydraulic space 30.7 adjacent to the pneumatic space 30.5 78.I. The hydraulic line 78.2 leads to the opposite hydraulic space 30.6. These can be within the cylinder wall including its valves. The valves and throttles are only for the sake of clarity schematically relocated to the outside. The lines 78.1 and 78.2 are connected to one another via a check valve 79 in such a way! that the pressure medium can flow unthrottled from the space 30.7 into the space 3O.6, but not vice versa. Parallel an adjustable throttle 80 is connected to the check valve 79, for example, as from the end face in the Cylinder screwable needle valve can be formed. An 8l shut-off valve is located parallel to both valves, which can also be a gradually closable throttle valve. The throttle 80 is dimensioned or adjusted in such a way that that it lets through only a very small and slow flow of oil while the throttle and / or shut-off valve 81 can completely release the line cross-section and enable a rapid flow of the oil if it is completely is open. Manual actuators 66-i, 68.1, 73-1 and 8I.I are shown for all valves. With them the Machine can be controlled very easily and well by hand, especially for smaller series and for test purposes.

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Instead of or in addition to manual operations, you can also Remote controls can be provided on the valves, so that the device can be wholly or partially by means of a program control can be operated.

The electrical line for supplying and / or controlling the motor 37 is denoted by 83. It leads to one

( , electrical switching element 84, which is only shown schematically as a box. This is used to switch on and off as well as to set the speed and to suddenly brake the motor 37 · It can, as schematically indicated by the dashed line 85, with the actuation of the valve 8l the hydraulic braking device, as explained further below, are coupled in order to open this valve 81 immediately when the motor 37 is braked in accordance with the friction welding conditions.

. With the device and the procedure according to

Invention works as follows.

The workpiece with a larger area formed by plastic, here for example a curved container wall 11, is brought into a position close to the horizontal guide rails. The device shown can be used for flat parts or also cylindrically curved parts, such as container walls, or other irregular and uneven parts. With the illustrated suction cups 57 with closed seals 58 parts can be echoed. diß ^ at least one of the size of the teat: ·· '- ·· · ^: ./22

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and have smooth surfaces corresponding to their spacing, here for example surfaces with radii of curvature of 400 and more. With the drive motor 17, the column 19 is brought into a desired distance from the workpiece 11, so that fine adjustment with the handwheel 33 is still possible. With the gear motor 25, the spindle holder 21 is brought to the desired height. If necessary, its axis A is brought into the desired angular position. Then the support 50 is brought into contact with the wall 11 by turning the handwheel 33. By actuating the valve 68, the piston rods 5 ¹ J are extended and the suction cups 56 are brought to rest on the surface 11.1. After actuation of the valve 66, the suction air acts in the spaces between the seals 58, so that the

/ ⁵⁷

Suck the suction cup on the surface 11.1 and hold it firmly. By actuating the valve 68 compressed air is directed into the cylinder space (not shown) adjacent to the container wall 11 and the piston

,will
rods 54 retracted and the suction cups 56 as far back

* · - 'moves until the curved surface in the friction surface area RF

within the crown-shaped support 50 in a plane is brought, at least in the ring area, which the art

. fabric pipe socket 12 is opposite. The plastic pipe socket 12 is slipped onto the friction workpiece holder 48 so that it is supported on the thrust washer 48.1. An adhesive strip 49 applied to the circumference of both

, -hin hold him tight. Now compressed air continues to flow into the

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Cylinders 52 hold the workpiece against the friction welder 10 secures, by actuating the valve, compressed air via the line 74.1 into the feed chamber 30.4 guided so that the piston disk 40.2 moves in the direction of advance V shifts and takes the feed piston rod 39 with it. This takes the spindle 43 via the axial bearing 42 with. This shifts in the multi-wedge sleeve 45- Der Sehe: Piston 40.1 displaces the oil from brake cylinder space 30.6 via line 78.2. So that the feed is in rapid traverse occurs, the valve 81 is opened so that the throttle 80 is bypassed. Just before the friction workpiece face 12.1 touches the surface 11.1 of the larger workpiece 11, the valve 8l is closed and allowed to go Actuation of a corresponding switch in the switching element 84, the motor 37 is set in rotation, so that the Friction workpiece 12 is rotated. The speed is set to a fourth corresponding to the diameter and size of the

C Friction surface taking into account the material properties

is equivalent to. Some of the processes described above can run simultaneously.

The various parameters of the method and the welding process are shown in FIG. The time is shown on the abscissa. Different parameters are indicated on the ordinate. The representation is not linear: it is only intended to show the relationships and possible progression of the individual values. On the top, the first diagram of the pressure is shown PZV i ^m feed cylinder chamber 30.4.

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In the 2nd diagram below, the back thrust pressure pzr in the backward cylinder space 30.5 is shown.

In the third diagram, the advance or return speed VG of the spindle k3 and thus of the friction workpiece 12 is shown.

In the fourth diagram, the curve f of the vacuum V in the suction cups 57 is shown with the designation V.

The fifth diagram shows the return path W of the suckers.

In the sixth diagram, the penetration depth s of the friction workpiece 12 into the surface of the wall 11 is based on the surface 11.1 is shown greatly exaggerated.

The speed η of the motor 37 is shown in the seventh diagram shown.

The eighth diagram shows the temperature ns * in the weld seam.

The switch-on processes described above play out in “-dem Time segment from the beginning of a cycle at time t0 to time t3 in the 5th diagram. You can also take place in a different relative time allocation than was previously described in succession. In any case, is for Time t3 the device as a whole is ready for the friction

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Occurrence. The spindle 43 is advanced in rapid traverse by the pressure force in the advance chamber 30 A according to the relatively high speed with the valve 81 open up to the point in time t6. The pressure oil is diverted from the brake chamber 30.6 into the oil chamber 30.7 at a relatively high speed. Shortly before reaching time t6, motor 37 is switched on at time t4 and accelerated to its set maximum speed up to time t5. If he does this

⁽ ) , the valve 81 is closed at time t6, so that the feed rate VG, as can be seen from the 3 × diagram VI, drops considerably, for example to values from 0.05 mm / s to about 0.1 mm / s or 0.3 mm / s. This reduction in speed is achieved by very strong throttling of the oil flow in line 78.2 in throttle 80. It is essential for good friction welding and working with low torques with large friction surfaces. While the constant pressure pzv - as can be seen from diagram 1 - prevails in the feed cylinder space 30.4, the friction is _ä | workpiece 12 until the point in time t7adem has been placed on the

Surface 11.1, slowly advanced. The rubbing process begins at time t7. The speed η decreases slightly and the temperature / ^ rises from room temperature with a constant low feed rate almost linearly or approximately parabolically up to a maximum value / ~ s> max. In this state, the friction zone RZ has the largely liquid state required for the friction weld connection at time t8

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achieved. Up to the point in time t9, i.e. in the softening phase T1, the friction workpiece 12 according to the 6th diagram with the representation of the penetration depth s has been uniformly advanced and pressed into the viand 11 with the same low feed rate VG. It has covered a distance of about 1 to 2 mm. When the highest desired temperature if * max and the lowest viscosity is reached, the motor 37 is suddenly braked electronically at time t8 by actuation of the holding organ SH, so that a

further rubbing and thus a further supply of heat in the friction zone and the tearing off of the connected molecules caused by the rubbing ceases. The deceleration takes place within a very short time, for example a period of less than 1 s. At the same time, the valve 81 is now opened either suddenly or gradually, depending on the friction conditions. As a result, the hydraulic oil can be squeezed out of the brake chamber 30-6 much more quickly, bypassing the throttle 80. The ' speed VG increases as from time t9 to t 11

can be seen, steeply to the multiple value of about Cj5 mm / s up to about 1 mm / s. At the same time, the friction workpiece penetrates Ii As can be seen from the 6th diagram, the Viand 11 enters the Viand 11 much faster, which leads to the compression of the Parts with greater pressure leads. Since the temperature / v ^ "> As can be seen from the 8th diagram, it drops steeply due to cooling and displacement of the warm melt »occurs from the point in time t11 to the point in time tl2 the solidification in

./27

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the friction zone RZ. The workpiece 12 completely follows the shrinkage, so that voids and shrinkage cracks be avoided. Its feed rate VG first drops steeply and then according to the hardening

, to tl2
gradually / to 0. It has reached its final position. At this stage it is only a fraction of one

,Further

Finely penetrated into millimeters. However, this change in feed rate ensures a good connection, especially with large parts, and allows large parts, for example up to 5 decimeters in diameter, to be rubbed with relatively little torque and sufficient speed. With a 1 kW motor that is only used briefly for the actual friction welding process , you can work without excessive overheating because of the large intervals with torques 30% and more above normal values and thus get a much lighter one

and cheaper device. If necessary, as shown in dashed lines in the 1st diagram pzv, the holding pressure when cooling down increased if this appears necessary. The heating and softening process has changed in the by the vertical dashed lines running through all diagrams in the area Tl between the Times t7 and t9 played. It is ended by the sudden braking of the drive motor 37 between times t8 and tlÖ. Braking and switching de Valves 81 can be electrically, electronically, mechanically, hydraulically or hydraulically connected to one another in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art pneumatically coupled v / earth.

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- 28 -

If the vacuum continues to act in the suction cups, as can be seen from diagrams 4 and 5, and the wall 11 is thus held, after the weld seam has completely cooled down at time tl3, the pressure pzv in the cylinder chamber 30.4 is released by switching over the valve 73 and the back pressure nzr guided into the cylinder space 30.5, so that the spindle 43 is moved back after the * · - adhesive tape 49 has been removed. The connector 12 remains on

the Viand 11. The brake oil flows out of room 30.7 especially via the check valve 79 back into the room 30.6. This back pressure is in the periods tl3 to

te tl5 effective. The withdrawal is between time periods t 13

to tl4 shown in the third diagram VG. Now the friction workpiece holder 48 can be taken out of the chuck 47 ^ and exchanged for a drill or boring tool. In a further feed and rotation cycle T2 between the lines C en tl6 and tl8 can now be the space inside the welded

Stub 12 - the dashed line in Fig. 3 in the front friction workpiece holder position is shown - to be drilled or gouged out. As a hydraulically braked pneumatic Feed device and a speed adjustable motor provided can be turned out or gouged out very sensitively. Only after time tl8, after drilling out can during the retraction of the spindle 43 the vacuum in the suction cups 57 are canceled and the suction cups 57 can be used again

./29

W Hl. 22 D 1 + 3 1/15/79 / lC

• *

be advanced, as it is shown up to the time tl9, the container wall 11 now resumes in the part in which is not worn, provided their rounded shape

- has not been slightly deformed by creeping or frictional pressure

A new container wall or the like can be in a similar Another workpiece can be added quickly to the cycle. Working from just one side can make it special

, quickly in different places or different walls

to be worked.

With the device and the procedure described, particularly short welding times of up to about 10 see. reach. The cooling times last up to 300 seconds. A high welding quality, which is also very easily reproducible, can be achieved. Because the welding zone is in one plane can deform, can now be attached something by friction welding on uneven or curved parts if the Allow a membrane-like deformation of surfaces. In special cases, this can take place a long time before the friction welding process started to take advantage of the creep behavior. Since the restoring forces are not too great, the stresses during the machining process and the residual stresses are also low. You are by crawling reduced.

./30 '

W 11. 22 D 1 + 3
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The device and procedure can not only be used in rotational friction welding but also in oscillation friction welding. The initially smooth alignment from elastically deformable parts to plastic welding can also be used for other vibration welding processes be applied. Switching the feed speed is not only possible with such devices and procedures are used in which the ι forces are applied from one side to the larger workpiece but also in those devices and procedures in which the support from the opposite side he follows.

Switching the speed can be done in several different ways. It is important that the feed device, which can work with a large feed force, is assigned a switchable braking device. -. In special cases mechanical solutions could be sufficient,

provided you work smoothly. However, this is only a fraction of a millimeter with the small feed paths difficult or hardly to reach. Hydraulic braking devices are better suited because they are much more sensitive let take care of it. Switching with a hydraulic valve is particularly suitable for sensitive, solution that is easy to switch and can also be classified in a program. However, it is also possible when it's off device-related or procedural reasons makes sense, the designed in different ways

Want. 22 D 1 + 3 _above

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normal rapid traverse feed for the creep speed to mechanically couple a hydraulic braking device, whose Connection can be easily released and switched on again, for example by means of pawls with the drag piston get connected.

The supports or abutments and the suction cups are to be adapted to the workpieces in terms of their shape and size. Instead of the suction cup can also contain existing undercuts, eyelets,

Cavities or the like are attacked. Also can

When attaching larger parts, first attach smaller holders by friction welding or gluing into the then the tensile forces for holding are initiated. After only small parts or pipes were connected by friction welding it is easily possible with the device according to the invention, on three meter high containers on any Place pipe connections or connection elements that are important for the mechanical structure quickly and ν to be installed inexpensively.

./32

Want. 2 2 D 3 ^η ''

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Cl

- 32 -

The embodiment of Fig. 5 shows a friction welding device, which is very similar to the embodiment of FIGS. Identical or similar parts are with provided with the same reference numerals.

Here is a friction welding device with vertical alignment the axis A shown. It does not have a suction holder with a retraction piston, but a support plate 90 that rests on feet 91, and to which a vertical column 19-1 is attached, on which a vertical slide 22.1 is adjustable in height and lockable. The cylinder guide housing 27-1 is on the vertical slide 21 mounted pivotably about the axis 26.1. In the vertical guide housing 27-1, the feed and brake cylinder 30.8 is arranged, possibly guided so that it can be advanced. The cylinder is simplified shown. The feed piston rod 39-5 is also shown in a simplified manner, but in its structure

shown in Fig. 3 similarly. To the chuck 47, a Reibwerkstückhalter 48 is the same type as in FIG. 3 secured It carries the Reibwerkstück 12.2 which schematically illustrated as a block-j larger workpiece 11.2 with overall U Rader surface is secured by friction on a 11.3 here schematically. The mode of action of advancing, rotating, rubbing and the like is the same as that of the first exemplary embodiment. The process and welding parameters correspond to those of FIG. 4, only diagrams 4 and 5 for vacuum in the suction cups and return path of the suction cups are omitted. How it works; and effect of the circuit is the same.

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\ - 33 -

j. The main purpose of the example is to illustrate that

I also have the switchable braking device on a different one

j and in the frame and in the arrangement conventionally constructed, in the manner of a column drilling machine working device can be used. Instead of the simple

I and adjustable choke 80 can be connected in series

j Flow control valve according to DIN 24300, sheet 3 _{3 number} 4.3 is provided

j will see. It is then a flow valve,

\ ι \ that a certain discharge flow, which can be adjustable,

I largely independent of pressure and larger inflow flow

I keeps constant automatically. The flow also remains

j largely constant when the pressure changes. It is the uni-

i selected representation. Depending on the structure of this current

^; control valve oU.l can dispense with the shut-off valve 81

' will. It is only shown for the sake of clarity.

Then the flow control would have to be controlled accordingly. It is important that when the correct viscosity for the friction weld connection is reached in the weld seam RZ the feed speed by changing the brake fluid flow the spindle 43 increased to a multiple will, but only for a very small distance.

The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6 shows an enlarged section in the area of the hydraulic braking device for the spindle 43. The line 78 is here within the

Housing wall 89. The shut-off valve 81.2, which has a rotary shut-off valve 81-3 and

W if 1. 2 2 D 3

has a handle 81.4 connected to this in a manner not shown. In the position shown, the line parts 87-1 and 87.2 are separated from one another. By pivoting the handle 81.4 in the direction of the arrow 90, the line 78 is completely opened and a free overcurrent-α from the space 3Ο.6 into the space 30.7 is possible. In the position shown, the pressurized oil must flow out via the throttle valve 80.I, which is arranged in the wall 89 on the opposite side. It is designed as a needle valve and nat a needle valve body Sl ₃ which oitzt at the front end of a screw spindle 92. Depending on the screwing in with respect to the seat 93, the flow cross section from the space 30.6 to the space 30.7 for the state shown with the lines 78 closed is determined. The check valve, which is also located in these line branches, is not shown. In the form shown, a structurally favorable spatially compact solution for the two important valves 80 u can be very easily and safely.

realize.

Claims (1)

PATENT Attorney DIPL.-ING. GERD UTERMANN 71 HElLBRONN, POST BOX 3525, CABLE: PATU, TEL. (07131) 82828 Kilianstrasse 7 (Kilianspassage) Deutsche Bank Hellbronn: 364364 Handelsbank Hellbronn: 23080 5 Kreissparkasse Helibronn: 7001 6 Postscheck Stuttgart; 43016-704 Utility model registration W ¹ H. 22 D 1 + 3 March 6, 1979 / lC April 6, 1979 Applicant: Company Wagner open trading company for plastics technology Pliederstrasse 10
P.O. Box 191 . D-7 * J 50 Metzingen ι) _ - Designation: friction welding device Expectations: ·) Device for friction welding plastic parts with a friction workpiece holder, which is mounted on a drivable, ft spindle equipped with a feed device I is arranged and one on one a larger one, made of plastic I formed surface having workpiece to be fastened I %) the friction workpiece and the softening I heat moving and advancing, and having one with I support device connected to the feed device for I the axial feed forces, thereby 1 indicates that an outside of the friction • | surface (RF) arranged with the spindle holder (30) I bound support (50) and one opposite to the pressure direction (V) the spindle (^ 3) effective, from the outside on the larger Workpiece (11) engaging counterforce holding device (52,56,57 are provided. .12 w iii. 22 D ι: - · ··: ·· ■: ·· 6.3.79 / ic 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the counterforce holding device (52, 56, 57) is arranged outside the support (50). 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the counter force holding device is at least two evenly around the • x support (50) distributed at one end on the spindle (50.5 5i 30) attached Koibenzyiinderaggregate (52), the other ends (5 ¹ II) with elements attack holder _(56:, 57) are fitted for attachment to the large workpiece (11). k. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the engagement elements are suction holders (56, 57). 5. Device according to claim H _3, characterized in that the attachment elements have exchangeable suction cups (57). 6. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 » characterized in that the attack elements (56, 57) articulated (55 * 56) on the piston-cylinder units (52/5 * 0 are attached. - / 3 W 111 22Dl
6.3.79 / lC _ "T _- 7. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the piston-cylinder units (52) at one end (53) articulated to the spindle holder (30, 50) and at the other end (5 ¹ O secured against lateral deflection ( 59) are performed. 8. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the * Support (50) from a partially open top crown (5O.2, 50.3, 50.JJ) is formed on the opposite one Articulated support arms (59) for the piston-cylinder units (52, 5 * 0) are provided. 9. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the Holding and supporting devices (21) for the spindle (43) on a base frame an adjusting and locking device effective in the axial direction (A) of the spindle (43) (27, 31, 32, 33, 35). 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that that the adjusting and locking device as a displaceable holder (27) of the piston-cylinder feed unit (30) is formed. ./4 W 111. 22 D 1
6.3.79 / lC -Ji11. Device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the holding and / or supporting device is a pivoting and Has locking device (28) for the spindle holder (27), the pivot axis (26) of which is normal to the spindle axis (A) runs. ,the 12. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding and / or supporting device is a column frame (15,16,19 has, on which the spindle holder (22) is guided vertically adjustable and lockable. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that that the column (19) on f rails (l6) relative to the support (1 * 0 for the large Workpiece (11) is guided and can be locked horizontally. ./5 G 79 11 501.8 W 41.22 D 1 + 3 5.6.79 / 1EW • * pi * »4 c I f I 14. Device for friction welding plastic parts with at least one Reibwerkstückhalter on a a drivable spindle equipped with a feed device is arranged, characterized in that that with the feed device arranged in the device switchable braking device (30.6; 30.7; 80, 81) is connected. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the braking device with a liquid-filled piston-cylinder unit (30) is formed, the overflow channel (78) is equipped with at least one switchable throttle (80, 81). 16. The apparatus of claim i4 or 15, characterized gekennz e ichnet that a flow control valve (80.1) is built into the device. 17 · Device according to one or more of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that an adjustable and / or controllable one on the device Throttle (80.1) and a bypass line (78.1, 78.2) equipped with a shut-off valve (81) are arranged. 18. The device according to claim 14, characterized that the hydraulic braking device can be mechanically coupled to the feed and from this can be decoupled. VJ 111. 22 D 3
6.5.79 / lC 19 · Device according to one or more of the others Claims, characterized in that the feed device is a pneumatic one Has piston-cylinder unit (30.4, 30.5). 20. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the spindle (43) in the hollow piston rod (39) the pneumatic piston-cylinder unit (30) is arranged to be rotatable and drivable in a pushing manner. 21. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the hydraulic braking device (40.1; 30.6, 3G.7) has the same piston rod (39) surrounds like the pneumatic feed device (40.2; 30.4, 30.5). 22. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder housing (30) of the feed device is guided _{adjustable and lockable (27, 33 s 35) in the feed direction (V).} .11 ' Want. 2 2 D 3 23. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the drive motor (37) is attached to the cylinder (30) is flanged. 2k. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the drive motor (37) is an electronically decelerating C electric motor is. 25 device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the The drive motor (37) is an electronically adjustable speed electronically braked electric motor. 26. Device according to one or more of the claims up to 25, thus g e- * indicates that the Feed speed (VG) is coupled with the activation of the motor brake. 27 · device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle holder (21) has an opening provided in a hollow piston (39) axial and radial bearing ⁽¹ Il, 42) of the spindle (l »3) and the spindle ( ^ 3) is connected to the drive, brake and / or gear motor (37) attached to the cylinder head via a longitudinally movable coupling (^ 3 · 1 », Mj ^ 5) and the hollow W kl. 22 D 3
6.3.79 / lC Piston rod (39) two cylinder spaces (30.4, 30.5; 30.6, 30.7) arranged pistons (40.2., 40.1) has, of which one (40.2) can be acted upon on both sides with a compressed gas and the other (40.1) with incompressible braking medium which can be guided via a check valve (79) and at least one throttle (80) is filled.