DE7827611U1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE BITING RATIO OF BITES - Google Patents

Description

BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT

LEGAL SOCIETY

Boehmert & Boehmerl, Pustfach / P. O. Box 10 7127, D-2800 Bremen 1

To the

German Patent Office
. Zweibrückenstrasse 12th

8000 Munich 2

PATENT ADVOCATE DR.-ING. KARL BOEHMERT (1933-1973) PATENT Attorney DIPL.-ING. ALBERT BOEHMERT, BREMEN LAWYER WILHELM]. H. STAHLBERG, BREMEN PATENT ADVOCATE DR.-ING. WALTER HOORMANN ₁ BREMEN PATENT ADVOCATE DIPL.-PHYS. DR. HEINZ GODDAR, BREMEN PATENT ADVOCATE DIPL.-ING. EDMUND F. EITNER, MUNICH LAWYER WOLF-DIETER KUNTZE.BREMEN LAWYER DIPL.-ING. JAN G. TÖNNIES, BREMEN PATENT ADVOCATE DIPL.-CHEM. DR. CORNELIA NEIDL, MUNICH 1

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H 1037 Bremen, Hollerallee 32

October 8, 1982

1. Prof. Dr. Dr. Benedict Heinrich, Gröpelinger Heerstraße 169/173, 2800 Bremen 21

2. Prof. Dr. Mircea Arcan, 42/22 Tagore St., Tel-Aviv, Israel

Device for determining the bite ratios of teeth

The invention relates to a device for examining and determining the bite conditions of teeth.

It is suitable for both the medical, especially the dental

Bremen / Bremen Office:

P.O. Box 107127
Hollerallee 32, D-2800 Bremen 1
Telephone: (0421) »349071
Facsimile / Telecopier: CCITT 2
Telegr. / Cables: diagram Bremen
Telex: 244 958 bopatd

Accounts Bremen: Bremer Bank, Bremen (BLZ. 290 80010) 100144900 Deutsche Bank, Bremen ···; , "(PLB290790,50) Ul2002. . ' ι 'Bank, for jGenJefriwirtschafjt, Munich

PSchA Hamburg

(BLZ 20010020) 126083-202 Munich Office (patent attorneys only):

P.O. Box 220137 Schlotthauerstraße 3, D-8000 Munich Telephon: (089) 223311 Telekop. / Telecop .: (089) 2215 69 CCITT Telegr. / Cables: Forbopat Munich Telex: 524 282 forbod

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to know medical science than even essential for the daily practice of physicians, especially dentists, highly desirable and in many cases for setting the correct diagnosis and to select an appropriate therapy that actually existing Bißver- · ■ ratios and accordingly determine to be able to.

^; For a precise knowledge of the bite conditions it is not sufficient to have a system of creams to be examined, which essentially consists of the two opposing jaws ^; with the teeth and / or prostheses anchored therein is only to X-ray or, for example, to make an impression in an initially plastic and later hardening mass. This is because these known investigation methods give various information about the construction and the other conditions of a tooth arcade system, but they only give relatively rough information; about the actually existing contact conditions of the opposing teeth or rows of teeth, and certainly not indicative of the actually occurring pressure or contact '■ forces between opposing teeth. As already mentioned, knowledge that is as precise as possible, at least in qualitative and, if possible, quantitative, is necessary with regard to both the occlusion, i.e. the normal final bite position of the teeth, and the mastication, i.e. the conditions during the chewing process, as well as the incisal one Bite, that is, the conditions in the case of cutting biting, wish to the highest degree «worth.

For such gnathological examinations of the dental arcade system "" A method and a device have become known in which use is made of a piezoelectric transducer which

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inserted between the teeth to be examined and then loaded by chewing pressure, the pressure-sensitive The encoder emits an electrical signal that can be read or registered on a suitable device, which has been calibrated beforehand so that the force acting on the encoder can be determined.

However, these known methods and devices only allow a measurement of the total force acting on them and do not provide any information about the force distribution of the contact forces via the dental arcade system. Because it is not possible, for example, to have several such donors in different places a tooth arcade and then an actually applicable measurement of the contact forces that occur to get, since both the piezoelectric encoder and the gear arcades are relatively stiff, so that under certain circumstances a first donor absorbs the full chewing force, while a second donor is not or only insignificantly loaded.

But even if the tooth arcades are under the action of the Kaukraf with several piezoelectric sensors applied at several points would deform elastically in a certain way, so would this the actual conditions neither with regard to the occlusion nor the mastication or the incisal bite reproduce with reasonable accuracy.

Obviously, these disadvantages cannot be avoided by reducing the existing rigidity of such encoders, for example in that they or the like in an elastic socket made of rubber. can be used. Because even with such a design only local forces can be measured with a relatively large uncertainty during a determination, for example the actual bite or chewing force relationships of all real contact points of a set of teeth is not possible.

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In addition, with this known device no differentiation whatsoever between the occlusion and the mastication is possible, and that with this known device the " _(j

In addition, no conclusions can be drawn about the geometrical-mechanical relative relationships between opposing tooth cusps give.

Also take into account the achievable with this known device Results do not reflect the various influences of mouth movement when opening and closing the tooth arcades during the Food intake and therefore do not give any conclusions about | the dynamic conditions. ]

In order to at least get usable qualitative results, I Indigo paper is used in dental clinics these days; turns, which in a strip-shaped design between the ' two tooth arcades of a set of teeth and, after an Ii bite, certain qualitative information about the existing contacts forces and the geometrical-mechanical relationships between the | Cusps of opposing teeth and / or dentures. ::

This method is relatively useful in that it | can be carried out very easily and quickly and thus takes into account the clinical requirements. However, it allows no quantitative inferences and, moreover, only has a relative one with regard to its qualitative results poor accuracy.

Investigation methods by pressing the tooth arcades in plastic Material, such as in wax sheets, or in plastic material, j which later hardens, which has already been briefly mentioned above j not only do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the occurring

Si 'contact forces too, but are also in terms of relative relationships f opposing stools very difficult to analyze. 1;

In addition, this procedure does not allow any practicable I.

Registration of the determined values.

The present invention is based on the object of improving the known devices of the generic type described at the beginning, avoiding their disadvantages, and of creating a device with which a gnathological examination and determination of the occlusion, the mastication and the incisal bite both qualitatively and in terms of quality It should be possible quantitatively across the entire set of teeth, while at the same time striving to be differentiating
Obtaining results with regard to the occlusion and the mastication, and in addition, conclusions on the geometrical | mechanical relationship between opposing tooth cusps and also the dynamic relationships during the chewing process should be possible. Finally, the results obtained should not only be achievable in the simplest possible way, but should also be registrable.

For this purpose, it is provided that at least one strip-shaped section of a not completely elastic, optically isotropic material with the property of mechanical birefringence between the teeth to be examined is that the jaws holding the teeth to be examined are then under pressure to rest against the strip-shaped Section are brought that the deformed by the teeth to be examined, strip-shaped section is then removed becomes, and that finally the preserved imprints of the strip-shaped Section can be evaluated under polarized light

The strip-shaped section remains after the bite and before the deij Removal preferably during a certain dwell time, j which can be, for example, one minute, under load j between the teeth or tooth arcades to be examined.

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If a "not completely elastic" material is mentioned above or below, this is a material

meant which is elastoplastic and which is due to the impressions obtained from the bite are accordingly maintained as unchanged as possible for at least a certain period of time, for an evaluation and, if necessary, registration enable.

If above or below from an "optically isotropic • material with the property of mechanical birefringence" the We are talking about a stress-birefringent material meant, which in its initial state is not birefringent due to its optically isotropic property.

As is well known, double calculation normally only occurs in optically anisotropic media, e.g. crystals of the non-cubic systems, whereby an incident light wave is split into two partial waves, and these Partial waves generally have different normal directions and different normal and phase velocities, which usually both obey the known laws of refraction. s If these are non-absorbent media, both are 'Partial waves polarized linearly and perpendicular to each other.

| j Apart from the aforementioned natural birefringence, it is optically anisotropic Crystals then still have the so-called deformation or stress birefringence, which is normally isotropic Media is caused by external mechanical impact or stress. One behaves by pushing or pulling such optically isotropic medium claimed, for example, as an optically uniaxial crystal, the optical Axis lies in the pushing or pulling direction.

The internal stresses caused by the stress

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then lead to what is referred to here as mechanical double calculation Appearance, then the different evoked internal stress states allow conclusions to be drawn about the stress that has occurred, if the relevant Material is appropriately calibrated.

In order not only to the effect of this mechanical stress birefringence to maintain, but also to maintain the phenomena that occur during stress at least over a certain time interval which for the examination and, if necessary, registration is required, a not completely elastic material of this type is therefore provided according to the invention.

Preferably, an elastoplastic, flexible Find material in film form use, it is particularly desirable if such a film is extremely uniform Having thickness.

Particularly suitable materials have proven to be

Polymers highlighted, which are preferably polyamides 'such as nylon or polyethylene, but are also f other materials are perfectly suitable.

ι If you are interested in a double print, then find preferred '' Only a single strip-shaped film section is used. Here is the imprint of one of the dental arcades; hence on the top of the foil and the imprint of the other ; Zahnarkade on the underside of the slide, so that easily f; not only perform a quantitative determination of the contact forces but also an assignment to the geometrical-mechanical conditions of the teeth concerned "Because you can see, for example, that the teeth measured on a certain pair of opposing teeth

- Contact force is generated in such a way that a stool of the upper tooth

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in an arched arrangement of cusps of the opposite, lower tooth engages or the like.

On the other hand, if for whatever reason a separate examination of the impressions of the upper and lower dental arcades is desired, two such film sections are preferably used, & which are easily separated from one another after the impression has been taken
let separate.

According to a further embodiment, can

an intermediate layer is arranged between two film strips used be, which is preferably made of an elastic or deformier ble material and, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to ff May have 3 mm. Such a way of working also brings the! This has the advantage that by means of such an elastic |, Intermediate layer the presence of food between the two | Can simulate dental arcades. |;

The evaluation of the sections affected by biting forces
takes place according to the invention by a lighting device
white or monochromatic light source, one as a polarizer
acting, linear or circular first polarization filter,
a linear or circular second acting as an analyzer
Polarization filter, one holding the sections to be evaluated
Holding means and one above the lighting device and the
Polarization filter arranged enlarging device. Included
the holding means for the sections is preferably of the type
formed a double clamp that tilts each other
enables.

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The invention is based on exemplary embodiments below further explained with reference to a drawing. It shows:

1 shows a device according to the invention for examining and determining the bite ratios of a human set of teeth in one embodiment with two parallel film sections and an elastic intermediate layer in side plan view and schematic representation;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the device according to FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrow II seen in Figure 1;

3a shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for evaluating the received Results by radiography;

3b shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for evaluating the received Results through reflection;

4 shows a schematic representation of one with the device 3 viewed and accordingly enlarged impression of a tooth or a Tooth hump; and

5 shows a double clamp according to the invention for holding of sections.

Fig. 1 of the drawing shows an embodiment of the invention Device in which two strip-shaped sections and 2 made of an elastoplastic material with the property of mechanical birefringence with mutual spacing parallel are arranged to one another, an intermediate layer 3 being arranged between the two sections 14 and 2.

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The two sections 1 and 2 consist of a f] e>: db] en Foil that has a very even thickness of e.g. 0.15 mm. The foil material consists e.g. of a transparent polyamide, namely made of nylon.

The intermediate layer 3 consists of an elastic or deformable one Material such as rubber and has a thickness of e.g. 1.8i

The three-layer arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is used for gnathological examination of the occlusion, mastication or of the incisal bite between the two in FIG. 1, purely schematically indicated tooth arcades 4 and 5 placed.

The two tooth arcades 4 and ¹ , 5 are then moved towards one another and pressed together.

The arrangement according to FIG. 1 remains in the compressed state 10 to 60 seconds between the upper teeth 7 of the

upper dental arcade 4 and the lower teeth 8 of the dental arcade 5 and is then made after releasing the bite accordingly taken out of the mouth.

Then the device claimed in this way or arrangement according to FIG. 1 with a device according to FIG. 3a or 3b evaluated.

The evaluation device according to FIG. 3a or 3b has an on White light source 9 and a frosted glass pane 10 existing lighting device, two linear or circular polarization filters 11 and 12, and a holder designed as a double clamp 15 means for holding the film sections 1, 2 to be evaluated, the a mutual tilting allows.

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There is one above the upper polarization filter 12 consisting of a magnifying glass or a magnifying lens optical magnifying device 13, whereby it is usually is sufficient if the magnifying glass 13 has a 3 × magnification.

You can use or instead of the magnifying glass to register the examination results 13 a camera 14 can be arranged, which is arranged pivotably on a tripod 16, so that on the one hand an observation or Examination of the prints without obstruction by the camera 14 and on the other hand a registration through photographs can be done.

Fig. 2 shows very schematically the imprints 17 of the upper teeth 7, which appear to the naked eye as it were punctiform, while FIG. 4 likewise very schematically shows an image as it is presented to the eye or the camera in the device according to FIG. 3. The "irregular fields" hatched and dotted differently in FIG. 4 have different colors (isochrons) after appropriate calibration of the material used for the foils 1 and 2, a quantitative determination of the occurring Can make contact forces when biting.

'& In addition, the prints show the geometrical-mechanical

Relationships and show, for example, at which point

d. H. So on which tooth cusps, the contact forces between the

\ recently examined teeth occur.

The resulting impression simultaneously reproduces the entire force distribution over the entire tooth arcade, with the present c Embodiment through the arrangement of the elastic intermediate squint 3 those conditions are simulated as they are at average

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Food intake.

Corresponding impressions for teeth 8 of the lower dental arcade
5 can be found on section 2, which is after the imprint
can be separated from section 1. Through suitable
Fixing means, such as precisely positioned holes 18,
however, the two sections 1 and 2 can also be stacked on top of each other
placed and viewed together to shed light on
to get the assignment of opposing cusps.

With the method according to the invention, the device and device according to the invention, however, are not only apparent
to determine the contact forces in normal dentures, but rather
also, for example, those contact forces that occur on implant carriers. This results in an excellent
Possibility of making any necessary corrections to ensure a largely uniform load on the implant carrier or the like. to achieve. -

The same obviously applies to | prosthetic work, so that due to a determination of the exiting Contact forces disturbances can be avoided and e ± or extensive force equilibrium with regard to the occlusion and / or mastication and / or incisal bite can be achieved I

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In addition, the present invention is otherwise suitable also in an excellent way for purposes of official registration

and preferably as a supplement to fingerprints or ^ other persons own characteristics. Because the one with the invention

1 results usually change over an a not for a longer period of time or not so much as that not yet | an identification of a specific person would be possible, it ^ unless, in the meantime, this person has had larger prosthetic ^ J Interventions have been made.

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File: H 103?

September 16, 197

REFERENCE LIST
(LISO? OF REFERENCE NUTlERALS)

1 strip-shaped section 1 2 strip-shaped section P. 3 Intermediate layer 4th upper dental arcade 4th 5 lower dental arcade 5 6th - 6th 7th upper teeth 7th 8th lower teeth 8th 9 White light source 9 10 Opal or matt glass pane 10 11th Polarizing filter (polarizer) 11th 12th .Polarization filter (analyzer) 12th 1? Magnifying glass 15th 14th camera 14th 15th 'Double bracket 15th 16 tripod 16 17th Prints 17th 18th Fixing holes 18th 19th 19th 20th 20th 21 21 22nd 22nd 2? 23 24 24 25th 25th ? Fi 26th 27 27 28 28 29 29 30th 30th

Claims (13)

at · ι ι ti ι · ι · «•• ι ι> ι ι ta« · • •• ■ Α 4 I 9 · »I 4 H 1037 CLAIMS 1. Device for examining and determining the bite conditions of teeth, in particular of human teeth, in which at least one strip-shaped section one that is not completely elastic (elastoplastic), optically isotropic material with the property of mechanical birefringence (stress birefringence) between the teeth to be examined is placed, the jaws holding the teeth to be examined are then placed under pressure to be brought to bear on the strip-shaped section, which was deformed by the teeth to be examined strip-shaped portion is then removed; and the imprints obtained in the strip-shaped section are then evaluated under polarized light, characterized by at least one essentially strip-shaped Section (1, 2) made of a not completely elastic, optically isotropic material with the property mechanical birefringence. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip-shaped portion (1; 2) consists of a flexible Material consists. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeichj - Net that the strip-shaped section (1; 2) consists of a fo- } »WED» '11 M ItII I) II 1.111 BOEHMERT ^ ¹ BiDEHMERT »» J) ill Ii ι ι mi consists of linear material. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the strip-shaped section (1; 2) has a very uniform
Having thickness. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the strip-shaped portion (1; 2) has a thickness of about 0.1 up to 0.3 mm. 6. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the strip-shaped section (1; 2) consists of a polymer. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the strip-shaped section (1; 2) consists of polyamide. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that
the strip-shaped section (1; 2) consists of polyethylene. 9. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized by a single strip-shaped section (1.) . 10. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized by two strip-shaped sections (1; 2) 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that between the two strip-shaped sections (1; 2) one Intermediate layer (3) is arranged. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) consists of an elastic or deformed Material consists. 13th «T It C CC * CO Ct 3 mm. 1 or 12, thus identified I. t. BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT
<It Ut C (CC CCCt Device according to one or (3) a thickness of about 0.5 Vif ¹ τ - 3 - characterized in that I. Apparatus according to claim 1 2) from a transparent several of claims 1 to I. draws that the liner the strip-shaped section I. until Material consists. I. 14th I. 13, 1 (1; I. ti I. • · <ι · ■ <,
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