DE69724280T2 - PROTECTION SUPPORT FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS COLOMME - Google Patents

Description

GENERAL STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY

Field of the invention

The present invention relates Towers for chemical Processes and in particular, without being limited to a conical tapered drain spigot unit for maximizing mass transfer performance via a neighboring ground.

State of related technique

Distillation columns are used to select components to separate from a multi-component stream. A successful fractionation in the column depends on close contact between the liquid and Vapor phases. Use some columns Steam and liquid contact devices, such as floors.

The aforementioned floors are usually on Supporting rings installed inside the tower and have a fixed Bottom or a solid plate with a plurality of openings in an "active" area is directed to the ground by a vertical channel from the ground above. This Channel is referred to as the drain port. The liquid moves over the active area and exits through a similar drain neck. The arrangement of the drain nozzle determines the flow pattern the liquid. Steam rises through the openings in the floors on and comes with the liquid, which are over moving the ground, in contact. Mix the liquid and the steam in the active area, and fractionation takes place. It is the active area of the soil, which is crucial is.

The largest possible fractionation capacity of the soil generally increases with active or blistering Area too. The greatest possible use the active area of a soil is an important factor in the Construction of towers for chemical Processes. Regions of the soil, which are not efficient for the vapor-liquid contact can be used the fractionation capacity and reduce the degree of fractionation of the soil. It therefore exists a need for devices and methods which the construction of the active area of a fractionation tray in a chemical tower Optimize processes.

It is well known that the concentration difference between the vapor and the liquid is the driving force to effect mass transfer. There are many ways to effect the concentration difference, with some reducing the fractionation level. If the working pressure is such as to produce a vapor density of greater than about 16 kg / m ³ (1.0 lbs./cu.ft.), there is the potential for a certain amount of vapor bubbles to be present with the liquid entering from the downcomer , mixed and carried. For example, as the working pressure increases due to an increase in vapor concentration, the descending fluid begins to absorb vapor as it moves across a floor. This is above what is normally associated as dissolved gas, as determined by Henry's law of absorption, and represents much larger amounts of vapor bubbles which are mixed with and "carried" with the liquid in fact, the majority of this steam must be released, otherwise the drain can not absorb the liquid-vapor mixture, preventing flooding as a result of successful tower operation.

Similarly, one generates exothermic reaction in the discharge nozzle vapors from the equilibrium mixture, which are also released. In conventional soils the released acts Steam of descending foamy vapor-liquid mixture which flows into the drain pipe, opposite. In many cases leads such Counteraction to a bad tower operation and premature flooding. There is therefore a need for devices and methods which the release of vapor carried in the liquid within the drain port of a tower for chemical processes.

Another serious problem exhibited by such operational applications is the entrainment of liquid droplets in the rising vapor. This phenomenon, which is practically the opposite of the aforementioned vapor entrainment, can prevent effective vapor-liquid contact. The fluid entrainment is, in a sense, a dynamic flow state. High velocity vapor stream may suspend descending liquid droplets and prevent their actual passage through the underlying foam mixing zone. It is particularly difficult to prevent this problem when the tower applications require large volume vapor flow in a direction that is substantially opposite that of the large volume descending liquid stream. There is therefore a need for apparatus and methods which allow the liquid entrained in the vapor to be conveyed within a tower for chemical processes. The efficiency of a soil is also reduced by allowing the vapor which ascends through the process column to be the active one Area of a floor bypasses. An area where steam can bypass the active area of a floor is the drain port. When steam intended for the active area of the soil unintentionally flows through the drain neck, the efficiency of the active area of the soil is reduced. Except That is, steam that inadvertently flows through the downcomer reduces the flow of liquid through the downcomer and potentially causes a jam of the liquid flowing through the process column. There is therefore a need for apparatus and methods which reduce the amount of steam passing through a downcomer.

The efficiency of the active area in a soil is also influenced by the flow of liquid over the active area. At the beginning Contact point of liquid from an outlet on the floor indicates the flow of liquid usually no flow behavior on which one best possible Efficiency for provides the active area of a floor. It therefore exists a need for devices and methods resulting in a change the flow behavior Fluid from a drain pipe to the active area of a Contribute to the soil. The present invention provides such Method and such device to maximize the mass transfer rate in towers for chemical Processes ready.

SUMMARY

The present invention relates the drain-ground arrangement of a tower for chemical processes. In particular one aspect of the present invention includes a tapered downcomer, which over a bottom of the tower for chemical processes is arranged. The floor is covered by a support ring worn, and the drain neck is tapered to liquid directly to the region of the soil to drain directly above the support ring. One generally arched shaped weir is on the ground in the region of the circumference of the carrying ring provided to define the bottom inlet area and the liquid drain to steer it out to the ground.

In another aspect, the present invention, a tower, a drain neck and a Ground. The tower has at least one floor support. The drain neck has an outlet for the flow of liquid out of it and positioned inside the tower above the floor support. The floor is on the floor support worn inside the tower and under the drain neck. The floor has a Bodentragbereich, which above the floor support ring of the tower is arranged. The floor also has a floor inlet area, which in an area for receiving liquid from the outlet of Drain fitting is arranged. The floor support of the tower and the outlet of the downcomer are positioned so that the bottom inlet area of the soil is substantially within the soil carrying area of the soil.

In another embodiment For example, the present invention includes an improved method for Mixing a gas with a liquid from a drain in a tower for chemical processes, which Using a floor, the improvement is the following steps includes: carrying the soil in the process column with a floor support, which is disposed under a Bodentragbereich, and positioning the Drain fitting so that liquid from the discharge nozzle flows to a bottom inlet portion of the bottom, which is essentially within the soil carrying area of the soil, in which fluid from the outlet of the downcomer to the bottom comes into contact.

In another embodiment For example, the present invention includes a process column comprising a tower, a Drain spigot, which is positioned inside the tower and an outlet for the flow of liquid it has, and a floor, which within the tower below the drain pipe is arranged comprises. The floor includes one Inlet weir, which includes the drain port inlet area, in which Fluid from the outlet of the downcomer in contact with the ground comes, encloses.

In another embodiment For example, the present invention includes an improved ground unit for use in a process column the way in which liquid for engagement with a gas which rises through the column, from a drain neck flowing to the floor, the improvement comprising an inlet weir having a drain inlet area of the soil in which liquid from the drain neck comes into contact with the ground encloses.

SHORT DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention and for Other objects and advantages thereof will now be apparent from the following description in conjunction with the attached drawings, wherein:

1 Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a packed column, with various portions shown in cross-section to illustrate a variant of tower installations, and an embodiment of a drain-tray bottom unit constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention disposed therein;

2 an enlarged partial perspective view of the drain-socket bottom unit in 1 with sections of the tower shown in section and illustrating the construction of the downcomer and the floor of the present invention;

3 an enlarged partial perspective view of the drain-socket bottom unit of 2 from within the tower;

4 a schematic side view in cross section of the drain-socket bottom unit of 2 and 3 is and the principles of operation there of illustrated;

5A an enlarged partial plan view of an embodiment of the drain-bottom unit of 2 and 3 is;

5B an enlarged partial plan view of another embodiment of the drain-bottom unit of 2 and 3 is; and

5C an enlarged partial plan view of another embodiment of the drain-bottom unit of 2 and 3 is.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

First referring to 1 Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of an exemplary particulate exchanger tower or column, with various portions shown in section to show a variant of tower internals and the use of one embodiment of the improved downcomer bottom unit of the present invention. The exchange column 10 from 1 includes a cylindrical tower 12 with filling beds 38 and 39 and a drain-ground unit 100 containing the principles of the present invention arranged therein. The tower 12 the column 10 includes a sheath 28 to the support of the tower 12 , A lot of manholes 16 is built to access the interior of the tower 12 to enable. A vapor stream feed line or reboiler return line 32 is in a lower section of the tower 12 provided, and a Dampfauslass- or overhead line 26 is in an upper section of the tower 12 intended. A return return line 34 is in an upper section of the tower 12 provided, and a Bodenstromabzugsleitung 30 is at the bottom of the tower 12 intended. Likewise, a side stream discharge line 20 and a liquid side supply line 18 in the tower 12 intended.

Still referring to 1 will be in operation steam 15 through the return line 32 in the tower 12 introduced and becomes liquid 13 through the return flow line 34 and the sidestream input lead 18 in the tower 12 brought in. The steam 15 flows through the column 10 up and leaves the tower 12 finally through the steam outlet 26 , The liquid 13 flows through the column 10 down and leaves the tower 12 finally either on the side stream vent 20 or at the bottom drainage duct 30 , As it flows down, the liquid becomes 13 depleted of some material, which by the steam 15 is taken when passing through the ground unit 100 and the filling beds 38 . 39 in the column 10 pour, and the steam 15 is depleted of some material, which is due to the liquid 13 is recorded.

Still referring to 1 it can be seen that the upper filling bed 38 of the variant with structured filling. The regions of the exchange column 1C below the upper filling bed 38 are shown for illustrative purposes and include a liquid collector 40 which is below a support grid 41 to support the upper structured filling 38 is arranged. A liquid distributor 42 , which for the redistribution of liquid 33 is appropriate, is also arranged underneath. A second type of distributor 42a is shown below the cut line and above the bottom fill bed 39 arranged. The interior design of the column 10 is shown only schematically and serves to refer to the various component groups therein.

Now referring to 2 and 3 are two partial perspective views of the drain-bottom unit 100 in 1 from opposite angles with respect to the tower 12 shown. In this embodiment, the downcomer bottom unit comprises 100 a first floor 110 , which with a first drain neck 120 connected, and a second floor 130 , which with a second drain neck 140 connected is. The floors 110 and 130 are generally flat sheets, which are active mid-ranges 111 respectively 131 respectively. The floors 110 and 130 be through the support rings 98 respectively 99 worn the tower. The outlet weirs 112 and 132 are on the first and second floor 110 respectively 130 adjacent to the drain sockets 120 respectively 140 arranged. The outlet weirs 112 and 132 Preferably, they are a standing plate or a standing strip attached to the flat panels of the floors 120 and 140 is welded.

Still referring to 2 and 3 have the drain sockets 120 and 140 semicircular walls 121 respectively 141 on which of the outlet weirs 112 and 132 the floors 110 and 130 down to the inner surface of the tower 112 tapered. The walls 121 and 141 the drain neck 120 and 140 are preferably made of flat plates 121 - d respectively 141 - d formed, which are welded together in an arrangement, which is illustrated herein. The actual construction of the downcomers may vary in accordance with the principles of the present invention. For example, the segmented-angled design of the downcomer side walls may be modified with multiple downcomer sections or fewer downcomer sections and an arcuate or domed design. The drain outlet outlets 122 and 142 are between the bottom of the walls 121 and 141 and the inner surface of the tower 12 educated. In one embodiment, the drain outlet outlets 122 and 142 directly over the Bodentragringen 98 and 99 of the tower 12 positioned and have an opening portion which is substantially within the area directly above the Bodentragringen 98 and 99 is included.

Still referring to 2 and 3 points the ground 130 an inlet weir 133 on which around the area directly under the drain outlet 122 is positioned around. The inlet weir 133 is preferably a standing plate or a standing strip, which is attached to the flat surface of the floor 130 is welded. In one embodiment, the inlet weir 133 a vertical height, which is about the position of the Ablaufstutzenauslasses 122 extends. The lower section of the drain neck 120 is by holding devices 134 , which to the inlet weir 133 welded and to the lower section of the drain neck 130 are screwed, worn.

Still referring to 2 and 3 includes the ground 130 a plurality of venting chambers 135 , which are in the area of the soil 130 on the opposite side of the inlet weir 133 from the drain outlet outlet 122 are arranged. The ventilation chambers 135 have a plurality of openings 135a on to the steam 15 to use the liquid 13 , which about the inlet weir 133 draining off, giving a horizontal flow.

Now referring to 4 picks up liquid 13 which is the active area 111 of the soil 110 crosses into the steam 15 passing through the active area 111 ascends, one. The outlet weir 112 controls the flow of the liquid 13 which of the active area 111 of the soil 110 in the outlet pipe 120 running. The liquid 13 , which about the outlet weir 112 of the soil 110 flows, runs between the wall 121 drain outlet 120 and the inner wall of the tower 12 downward. The liquid 13 leaves the drain neck 120 through the outlet 122 and collects on the floor 130 in an area between the inlet weir 133 and the inner wall of the tower 12 ,

Still referring to 4 causes as soon as the level of the liquid 13 which are in the area of the soil 130 between the inner wall of the tower and the inlet weir 133 accumulates, the height of the inlet weir 133 achieved, additional liquid 13 , which outlet outlet 122 leaves that liquid 13 over the inlet weir 133 runs away or runs off. Some of the steam 15 which is in the column 10 rising up, flows through the openings 1345a in the venting chambers 135a in the venting chambers 135 and reaches into the liquid 13 , which about the inlet weir 133 drains off. The steam 15 from the venting chambers 135 mediates the fluid 13 , which about the inlet weir 133 drains off, a horizontal flow vector over the active area 131 of the soil 130 , The liquid 13 which are over the active area 131 of the soil 130 runs, grabs the steam 15 passing through the active area 131 ascends, one.

Still referring to 4 generates the engagement of the liquid 13 which are over the active area 131 of the soil 130 running, with the steam 15 passing through the active area 131 ascends, the foam 61 , As already mentioned, the foam or "spray" is a ventilation region in which the phase of the liquid 13 is continuous. The foam 61 extends at a relatively uniform height, which is seen through the line 63 is shown, over the active area 131 of the soil 130 , The length of the active area 131 of the soil 130 is determined by the distance between the inlet weir 133 and the outlet weir 132 certainly. The outlet weir 132 also controls the flow of the foam 61 or the liquid 13 which of the active area 131 of the soil 130 in the outlet pipe 140 Runs where the fluid hits the ground 130 for the next process in the column 10 leaves.

Now referring to 5A is a top view of the floor 110 and drain outlet 120 , what a 2 . 3 and 4 are illustrated. The drain neck 120 is from the active area 111 of the soil 110 through the outlet weir 112 separated. In the embodiment which is in 5A is illustrated, is the drain pipe 120 a chordal outlet, which through the linear outlet weir 112 of the soil 110 is marked, which is the edge of the soil 110 defined in a chordate way.

Now referring to 5B is a plan view of another embodiment of the soil 110 and drain outlet 120 from 2 . 3 and 4 illustrated. In the embodiment which is in 5B is illustrated, is the drain pipe 120 ' the swept drain port (or multichordal drain port) and is characterized by the outlet weir 112 ' has many segments. The outlet weir 112 ' has first and second segments 112a ' and 112b ' which are positioned in a colinear chordate manner. A third part 112c ' is parallel to the first and second sections 112a ' and 112b ' but in the middle between the first and second parts 112a ' and 112b ' and to the tower 12 staggered. The fourth and fifth parts 112d ' and 112e ' the outlet weir 112 ' connect the third section 112c ' with the first part 112a ' or the second section 112b ' ,

Now referring to 5C is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the soil 110 and drain outlet 120 , what a 2 . 3 and 4 are illustrated. In the embodiment which is in 5C is illustrated, is the drain pipe 120 through the outlet weir 112 '' Are defined. The outlet weir 112 '' is by an arcuate section, which is semicircular to the drain neck 120 extends, characterized.

Now referring to 2 . 3 . 4 and 5A - C together is the Ablaufstutzenauslass 122 narrower than the upper region of the drain neck 120 , causing in the region of the drain port outlet 122 an accumulation of the liquid 13 , which through the drain neck 120 flows, is effected. The accumulation of the liquid 13 in the region of the drain outlet outlet 122 causes a dynamic seal, which prevents the steam 15 passing through the column 10 ascends, through the drain neck 120 instead of through the floor 110 flows. A seal is also made by relatively vertical heights of the outlet 122 for the drain neck 120 and the inlet weir 133 of the soil 130 generated. A basin of liquid 13 from the drain neck 120 is between the inlet weir 133 and the inner wall of the tower 12 generated. If the vertical height of the outlet 122 for the drain neck 120 near or below the vertical height of the inlet weir 133 for the ground 130 is arranged, the outlet emerges 122 in the basin of liquid, which is between the inlet weir 133 and the inner surface of the tower 12 has accumulated. Because the outlet 122 drain outlet 120 on or below the level of a basin of liquid, which extends between the inlet weir 133 of the soil 130 and the inner surface of the tower 12 has accumulated, is the steam 15 passing through the column 10 ascends, prevented by, through the drain neck 120 to flow and the ground 110 to get around.

Still referring to 2 . 3 . 4 and 5A - C points the ground 130 a support ring area 137 at the top 130a of the soil 130 directly above the point where the support ring 98 in the ground 130 engages, on. Due to structural limitations, the support ring area 137 Of conventional support rings usually not as an active area for mixing the liquid 13 and the steam 15 be used. (This aspect is dealt with in US Pat. No. 5,547,617, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention.) The Soil 130 also has a bottom inlet area L38 on which at the point at the top 130a of the soil 130 is arranged, on which the liquid 13 from the drain neck outlet 122 first time with the ground 130 comes into contact. As a result of a liquid flow 13 from the outlet nozzle outlet 122 can the bottom inlet area 138 of the soil 130 not easily as an active area for mixing the liquid 13 and the steam 15 be used. Since the drain outlet outlet 122 has an area which over the floor support ring 98 is included is the bottom inlet area 138 essentially within the support ring area 137 of the soil 130 , By securing the bottom inlet area 138 of the soil 130 essentially within the support ring area 137 becomes the area of the soil 130 which is for use as the active area 131 is available, compared to conventional ground units which do not support the ground inlet area either substantially within the support area of the ground 130 position or otherwise tackle this issue.

Still referring to 2 . 3 . 4 and 5A - C is the support ring area 137 of the soil 130 a long narrow region because of the support ring 98 a narrow band around the inner circumference of the tower 12 is. So that the bottom inlet area 138 essentially within the support ring area 137 is the outlet port outlet 122 usually be longer than traditional drain sockets to the liquid 13 , which through the drain neck 120 flows, record. However, as shown herein, the length of the downcomer outlet 122 and the corresponding bottom inlet area 138 of the soil 130 within the ground support ring area 137 of the soil 130 vary considerably without any impact on the availability of the active ground area 131 inside the floor support ring area 137 to have.

Claims (19)

Process column ( 10 ), comprising: a tower ( 12 ) with at least one ground support ring ( 98 ) mounted therein; a floor ( 130 ), which is received on the ground support ring within the tower; wherein the floor has a floor support area directly above the location where the floor support ring engages the floor; and a drain neck ( 140 ) with a semicircular outlet ( 142 for the flow of liquid therefrom, wherein the semicircular outlet has a substantially semicircular inner wall and is arranged above and directed towards the floor support area and the drainage nozzle forms a semicircular wall ( 141 ), which tapers conically to the substantially semicircular inner wall of the semicircular outlet. A process column according to claim 1, further comprising an upper floor ( 110 ) with an outlet weir ( 112 ), wherein the upper floor is positioned such that fluid passing over the discharge weir flows into the drainage nozzle. Process column according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom of a bottom inlet area, where liquid from the drain pipe to engage in the ground, and an inlet weir ( 133 ) disposed on an upper surface of the floor and enclosing the floor inlet area. process column according to claim 3, wherein the inlet weir of the soil has an upper edge includes and wherein the semicircular Outlet of the drain pipe below the upper edge of the inlet weir Bodens is positioned. A process column according to claim 3, wherein the floor comprises an active area ( 111 ) and at least one venting chamber ( 135 ) for the passage of steam, so that the vapor exerts a force against fluid from the inlet weir above the active area. process column according to claim 2, wherein the outlet weir of the upper floor is chordal Outlet weir is. The process column according to claim 2, wherein the outlet weir of the upper floor comprises an outlet weir divided into a plurality of sections ( 112 ' ). Process column according to claim 2, wherein the outlet weir of the upper floor comprises an arcuate outlet weir ( 112 '' ). process column according to claim 8, wherein the arcuate outlet weir comprises a semicircular outlet weir is. Method for forming a tower ( 12 ) for chemical processes, comprising the following steps: attaching a floor support ring ( 98 ) within the tower for chemical processes; Forming a soil ( 130 ); Picking up the soil on the soil carrier ring in the tower for chemical processes with a soil carrying area of the soil directly above the soil carrier ring; Forming a drain pipe ( 140 ) with a drain outlet ( 142 ), which has a substantially semicircular inner wall, and with a semicircular wall ( 141 ) tapering to the substantially semicircular inner wall of the semicircular downcomer outlet; and positioning the semicircular downcomer outlet substantially above the floor support area and aligning the semicircular downcomer outlet substantially with the floor support area to define a floor inlet area of the floor substantially within the floor support area. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of: forming an upper floor ( 110 ) with an outlet weir ( 112 ); and positioning the upper tray so that fluid passing over the discharge weir flows into the discharge nozzle. A method according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising the step of forming an inlet weir ( 133 ) at the bottom, which encloses the bottom inlet area. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of Forming the inlet weir making the inlet weir with a top edge and wherein the step of positioning the semicircular Ablaufstutzenauslasses the positioning of the semicircular Outlet outlet under the top of the inlet weir on the ground includes. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of Forming the inlet weir making the inlet weir with a top edge over that semicircular Outlet outlet includes. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of forming the soil comprises forming the soil with an active area (10). 111 ) and further comprising the step of forming at least one deaeration chamber ( 135 ) at the bottom for passage of steam so that the vapor exerts a force against liquid from the inlet weir above the active area of the soil. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of Making the upper floor forming the upper floor with the outlet weir includes with chordal form. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of Making the upper floor forming the upper floor with the outlet weir comprising multichordal form. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of Making the upper floor forming the upper floor with the outlet weir comprising an arched shape. The method of claim 18, wherein the arch form the outlet weir semicircular is.