DE69425277T3 - ROTATING CUTTING TOOL FOR WORKING WOOD OR WOOD COMPOSITE MATERIAL. - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The The present invention relates to rotary cutting tools or rotary cutting tools for working on wood or on Wood-based composite material (wood composite material), d. H. a topped saw for cutting, a drill, a tine cutter and a form cutter.

BACKGROUND ART

In the last few years is the best possible Use of wood with a view to protecting the forests become an important task. In particular, the role of the lamination industry, where materials of small diameter, short length and cut materials and the like are laminated to larger boards and Materials of larger cross-section to form, in fulfillment The above task has become increasingly important. At a tine cutter, which is a tool used in the manufacture of laminate wood is used and works so that it ends in the longitudinal direction of the wood creates a tine-like joint, should the educated Joints always be accurate to the considered To fulfill purposes. For this reason, the shape of the prong should also be used when regrinding this Tool unchanged stay tuned to the fitting accuracy to get the fugue.

This will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. A tine cutter is formed so that its portion, seen from a flank 5 a peripheral cutting edge 6 ( 1a ) with an angle of incidence θ _{2 of} a cemented carbide or carbide carbide tip 2 soldered to a folding seat of a cutting body which is in a conforming position on a circumference of a base metal 1 is formed, has an identical thickness ( 1d ).

The inclined angle θ ₃ ( 1b ) is 3 ° to 10 °, the angle of attack θ ₂ in the flank 5 the peripheral edge is 15 ° to 25 ° and for the angle of attack θ ₁ in the side cutting edge, the following applies: θ 1 = tan -1 (tan θ 2 · Tan θ 3 ).

From this relationship, 0.8 ° ≤ θ ₁ ≤ 4.7 °, ie the angle of attack θ ₁ ( 1e ) in the side cutting edge in the direction of rotation in a flank 4 a side cutting edge 7 ( 1c ) is geometrically 5 ° or less. That means the flank 4 the side cutting edge has a small angle. Furthermore, it is because the cutting thickness of the cutting portion ( 1d ), as seen from the edge of the peripheral edge, is identical, obviously, that when regrinding the tool, the grinding of an end face 3 ( 1a ) alone is sufficient to maintain the dimensional accuracy during processing.

A topped saw is used for various types of processing, from sawing unprocessed blocks or blocks until the second cutting of wood-based boards or Plates, used. This tipy saw should the cutting thickness, which determines the groove thickness, can be reduced, to improve the yield of the product and the cutting force to decrease, and the thickness of the parent metal body should be as thick as possible about the rigidity of the saw to enlarge. The upper limit for the Angle of incidence of the side cutting edge in the pointed saw, d. H. the angle of attack in the direction of rotation of the side cutting, is generally about 5 °. The regrinding of the tool is either at the approach angle or the flank of the peripheral surface or at both approach angle and flank made.

These both tools, namely the tine cutters and the pointed saws are representative Tools with a small angle of attack in the side cutting edge. Other tailors close one Dielungs- or floor cutter to edit an outer tongue and an inner tongue for joining wood-based floor materials in longitudinal or transverse direction, a round bar cutter for editing the return and front surfaces a plate material in a semicircular shape to a round rod to form, and a shape cutter, the primarily design edits carries and cuts various shapes including an R-face. Since the approach angle is reground before use, can for all above tools from the perspective of preservation of accuracy a created by editing form no large angle be provided in the side cutting. For this reason, the angle of attack is the side cutting generally about 5 °.

Of Further, in the case of a drill for deep hole drilling, a Wood, in particular a drill for processing horizontal elements and horizontal brackets for use in timber frame houses Drilling z. B. a deep hole with a diameter of 15 mm and a Depth of not less than 200 mm created. Therefore, a direct one Feed of the drill important. In general, the page, i. H. a peripheral surface, the cutting corner in the drill in a completely circular shape with a Incident angle formed in the direction of rotation of 0 ° or up to 5 °. In a woodworking drills the number of revolutions is generally 1000 to 5000 rpm, which is 10 to 100 times higher than in steel processing, which with great Probability resonances arise. The angle of attack in the Side of the cutting corner should also be from the angle of avoidance be small of these repeated dither vibrations.

In A tine cutter should be stable by editing a precise Form be created. Therefore, attention should be paid to the sharpness and accuracy of the be respected by the editing created form. For this Reason the tailor should be replaced after a short use, which leads to a short life of the cutter. This affects the productivity in a factory in the production of laminate materials. The shape cutter also has the disadvantage that itself the sharpness in a section with a small angle of attack in the side cutting edge deteriorated quickly.

Around to solve the above problems and to keep the cutting corner sharp, the applicant already has the provision of a CrN coating suggested on the flank of a side cutting in a tailor, where the angle of attack in the side cutting edge is small (Japanese Published Patent No. 252501/1990). The proposed by this Technology achieved effect is only twice as large as in the case where no coating provided is, and the effect of the coating can not do enough be exploited, resulting in unsatisfactory results leads.

on the other hand In the spiked saw, reducing the saw thickness is an important task to the amount of sawdust generated to reduce and thereby improve the yield of the wood. additionally are also avoiding unstable cutting by the reduced sawing thickness and at the same time the extension the lifetime important to be fulfilled Tasks. Furthermore, the long drill is for deep hole drilling the problem of increased Cutting resistance and frequent Breaking, caused by a skewed feed.

It It is known that "deposits of Gum or resinous deposits " with the above-mentioned rotary cutting tools for machining Wood, such as B. a tine cutter, a form cutter, a topped saw and a deep hole drill, closely related problem is. If a wood or a hollow composite material is cut by rotary cutting, In particular, components of the wood that are deposited by the cutting section be scattered, solidify, and gather on each one Side of the cutting edge. This phenomenon Usually called "deposit of gum". The deposit Gum is also observed in tools in which the cutting edge from a cemented carbide or carbide hard metal, a tool steel or other high strength materials. Basically the deposit of gum independently from the sharpness the cutting edge and even occurs when the cutting edge is new. If the material to be cut is of a certain type the tine cutter and the pointed saw are often unusable, although there is no significant wear on the cutting edge. In this Case allows it continued the simple removal of the gum, the tailor and the saw continue to use.

The Gum is not only in deposited and accumulated state, but even in a densely consolidated state, and you go away from that it by hardening is formed by polymerization of components of the wood. The gum builds firmly on the surface of the cutting tool and can hardly be wiped off by mechanical means.

Currently The tool is made into an alkaline solution or a commercial one Cleaner dipped and gently wiped to remove the gum to remove. This is an elaborate job that takes a long time takes. Furthermore, the deposition of gum is a frequent replacement the tool and the like necessary, what the productivity reduced.

Reducing the surface roughness as much as possible, ie smoothing the surface, has hitherto been considered effective for reducing the coefficient of friction by direct contact between the cutting edge and the wood, thereby solving the gum-related problem. However, this method has no effect of preventing the deposition of the scattered gum. Furthermore, in the prior art, the coating of a fluororesin (PTFE) is known, which has a low Rei and where the deposition of gum is less likely. In this case, however, the thickness of the PTFE coating should be several tens of μm to several hundreds of μm, and the abrasion resistance of the coating is so low that the coating in its portion is very close to the cutting edge firmly adhering to the material to be cut. is easily sanded off. The remaining coating affects the employment of the side cutting, whereby it is no longer satisfactory. This leads to an increased side pressure and thus deteriorates the sharpness, making it impossible to achieve the intended purpose.

The Gum also deposits on the approach angle. Because only snippets come with a low stiffness through the approach angle is no negative effect, such as an increase in the cutting resistance, observed. The gum that brings the problems is superimposed on the flank in the side cutting off. When the angle of attack the side cutting edge is so big that the Employment is satisfactory, the bulk of the cutting section scattered gums scattered in the air, and therefore has the deposited Gum, if it is at all is present, no significant influence on the cutting. On the other hand the angle of attack in the side cutting edge is so small that the employment is unsatisfactory, stores and collects the scattered Gum on the flank or the base metal section slightly away from the Cut off. The progression of accumulation causes the gum near the cutting edge is thickly distributed, causing a friction between the accumulated Gum and the cut surface creates the material to be cut. This leads to an increased cutting resistance and a scorching of the cut surface. Furthermore, occurs in some cases an abnormal heat formation in the cutting portion and the base metal, resulting in a abnormal wear or Breaking the cutting edge, deformation of the base metal and the like leads.

in the Fall of the tine cutter is subject to the tine, as the material to a thin one and long tine shape is edited, a side pressure and will consequently distracted, which makes it impossible makes the cutting into an intended exact shape. Also in the case of processing with the help of the shape cutter is the Sectional area temperature increased due to friction, which leads to scorching or burning. This leads to an increased cutting resistance.

in the Case of the topped saw becomes the side pressure of the saws cutting so big that a vibration or deflection of the saw body or an increase the cutting resistance occurs. Also in the case of the drill for deep hole drilling causes the deposition of gum on the side surface of the Even in the case of a sharp edge, cut an increase in the size Side pressure and consequently a skewed feed, what the drill makes us unusable. In all the cases mentioned above, it will be impossible to do that Perform cutting, before the tools due to the life of the tools that are from the wear of Cutting edge results in useless. Furthermore, it makes the deposit of gum on the base metal impossible a regrinding precise perform.

The Inventors of the present invention have various attempts and studies done, more concerned with preventing the deposition of gum than with the removal of the deposited gum. As a result found she out that the optimum adjustment of the roughness of the flank in the side cutting edge followed by Coating the flank, which has an optimally adjusted roughness, with chrome or a chrome-based material, the deposit by gum so much can reduce that for the practical use is no problem.

A The object of the present invention is based on the above mentioned Studies a rotary cutting tool for a wood or a hollow composite material to create, where the deposit of "gum" less is probable and whose angle of attack is small in the direction of rotation is.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The Rotary cutting tool for working wood or a wood composite material according to the present Invention is defined by the claim 1.

Of the Expression "separately from each other ", the used here refers to such a state, in the, as with a zinc cutter, the peripheral edge and the Side cutting are provided so that they are clearly distinguishable from each other are. On the other hand, the term used herein refers to "merging formed "on one such condition in which the peripheral cutting edge and the side cutting edge are so are provided that they smoothly aligned and indistinguishable from each other.

sandblasting does not form part of the invention defined in the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1a FIG. 10 is a side view of a tine cutter having a combination of a plurality of tines to form a tine joint; FIG. 1b is a front view of a cutting edge, 1c is a plan view of a cutting edge, 1d is a cross-sectional view along the line AA of 1a , and 1e is a cross-sectional view along the line BB of 1a ;

2a is a front view illustrating a cutting test method, and 2 B Fig. 10 is a side view illustrating the cutting test method;

3a is a diagram showing the grinding direction of a flank of a side cutting edge with a straight grinding wheel, and 3b Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the grinding direction using a straight cup grinding wheel;

4a to 4e are graphs showing the results of evaluation of the deposition of gum on the flank at a side cutting edge in a cutting test, wherein the evaluation scale in FIG 4a F, in 4b One 4c D, in 4d C and in 4e B is;

5 Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the grinding direction and the roughness depth, which affects the evaluation of the deposition of gum in a cutting test;

6 Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface roughness Rmax of a side cutting edge and the deposition of gum;

7 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the edge grinding direction in a side cutting edge and the deposition of gum;

8a is a side view of an exchange blade of a tine cutter, 8b is a front view of the exchange blade and 8c is a plan view of the replacement blade;

9 is a diagram showing the deposition of "gum" when cutting a wood with the in 8th shown tine cutter shows;

10 Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a spiked saw;

11a Fig. 10 is a side view of an exchange blade of a tine cutter with a diamond film synthesized in a gas phase and laminated on a front face of the replacement blade, and Figs 11b is a top view of the in 11a replacement blade shown;

12a is a side view of an exchange blade of a tine cutter with a polycrystalline diamond sinter, which is bonded to a front surface of the exchange blade, and 12b is a top view of the in 12a replacement blade shown;

13 Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a drill for deep hole drilling; and

14a is a side view of a shape cutter, 14b is a front view of the shape cutter, 14c is a plan view of the shape cutter and 14d is a rear view of an exchange blade.

BEST TYPE AND WAY TO EXECUTE THE INVENTION

The The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS following examples are described.

example 1

Tine cutters, which have a small incidence angle in a side cutting edge and where gum deposition is likely, have been used with different materials for a replacement cutter de, tested for deposition of gum with various conditions for finishing a side cutting, roughness, coating layers and the like. The test procedures, test results and evaluation are described.

(1) Tested tailors

Various Interchangeable cutting with a prong with a size of 4 mm width × 0.6 mm tip width × 7 ° slate Angle and with an exchange cutting length of 11.4 mm were prepared and mounted on a rotary block to create tailors to be tested.

The Conditions common to the dressmakers were a cutting corner circle diameter φ of 160 mm, an approach angle of 20 °, an angle of incidence in the peripheral edge of 25 °, an angle of attack in the corner the peripheral edge of 10 °, and an angle of attack in the side cutting edge (cutting section with inclined surface) of 3,6 °.

As in 2a are shown in an exchange blade 13 for a tine cutter for practical use two to four cutting in the circumference of a body of the tool 12 arranged. However, in the present test, only one blade was used for practical reasons.

(2) Material of replacement blade and plating

As shown in Table 1 were a tool steel SKH51 (hardness HRC63) and a cemented carbide carbide K30 as a material for the replacement blade used. The flank in the side cutting edge was under different Conditions finished, and a coating was made by a physical Steam deposition (PVD) or hard chrome plating (Cr metallization) applied to this. For comparison, too an exchange blade without coating tested. For samples Nos. 4 and 10, "surface Cr / CrN" means a 0.4 μm thick Cr layer to a 2.3 μm thick CrN coating was applied.

(3) Finishing the side cutting edge

The side cutting was done using abrasive materials, such. B. CBN (Borazon), WA (white Alundum) and GC (green carborundum) finished. As for the grinding methods, a cup grinding wheel and a straight (flat) grinding wheel were used. The grinding methods used are given in Table 1. The grinding direction is defined by θ ₀ , as in 3a shown. When grinding using a cup grinding wheel, a strip created by grinding has a circular arc shape. Therefore, the grinding direction was expressed as an average value, as in 3b shown. "Zero-zero" in pattern No. 26 means that the grinding was performed without sparking out. For the other patterns, the spark was performed. The term "sparking" as used herein is intended to mean that at the time of completion of the feed, the grinding is continued for a while, with the feed of the grinding blade being equal to zero, to perform the grinding by an angle of incidence created by the deflection of a work or the like becomes. Loosening caused by the return of the deflection generates sparks for a while and the grinding is stopped when no more sparks are observed.

(4) roughness depth

The Roughness Rmax was determined according to JIS B0601 measured. As a device Surface roughness was measured by Surfcom 470A manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., used.

(5) cutting method

As in 2a was shown cutting one side of a cut end 11a a wood 11 with an exchange blade 13 a tine cutter under the conditions of 0.3 mm per pass and a cutting depth of 11.4 mm executed. An oven-dried material of a rubber tree was used as a material to be cut, and the cutting conditions were as follows: speed of a main spindle N = 3600 rpm and feed rate F = 2.5 m / min.

(6) Evaluation procedure

F

Die gesamte Austauschschneide war dick mit braunem Gum bedeckt und dunkelbraunes Gum war besonders auf einem Abschnitt nahe der Schneidenecke abgelagert (4a).

E

Braunes Gum war auf der gesamten Austauschschneide dick abgelagert (4b).

D

Braunes Gum war auf der Austauschschneide großflächig verteilt und abgelagert (4c).

C

Etwas bräunliches Gum war auf der Austauschschneide dünn abgelagert (4d).

B

Leicht klares Gum war nicht durchgängig auf der Austauschschneide abgelagert (4e).

A

Es wurde keine Ablagerung von Gum beobachtet.

The cutting was carried out using each replacement blade to be tested until the cutting distance was 700 m, and the deposition of gum was observed by visual inspection, and the results were shortened to the following six alphabetical gradations.

F

The entire replacement blade was thickly covered with brown gum and dark brown gum was deposited especially on a portion near the cutting corner ( 4a ).

e

Brown gum was thickly deposited on the entire exchange blade ( 4b ).

D

Brown gum was extensively distributed and deposited on the exchange blade ( 4c ).

C

Slightly brownish gum was thinly deposited on the exchange blade ( 4d ).

B

Slightly clear gum was not consistently deposited on the replacement blade ( 4e ).

A

No deposition of gum was observed.

Table 1

Now will be the test results for the patterns Nos. 1 to 31 discussed.

For Sample Nos. 1 to 12, the material used for the replacement blade was SKH51, the coating was formed with various coating materials in various thicknesses, and Rmax was 0.30 μm and 5.12 μm. The test results show that (1) the coating has no effect when Rmax is small, (2) when Rmax is large, the deposition of gum is less likely, (3) a combination of hard chrome plating or Cr and CrN with PVD Rmax a big impact on the Vermei (4) Although TiN and TiC have some effect, this effect is not satisfactory for practical use.

at Patterns Nos. 13 to 23 were shot using SKH51 various grinding wheels with different Rmax and grinding directions carried out and a relatively thin coating of CrN was applied. The test results show that (1) the CrN coating even at low thickness is effective and (2) the deposition independent of gum from the grinding direction is less likely when Rmax in Range from 1 to 10 μm lies.

at Pattern # 23 began to deposit gum in irregularities on the surface and the deposit of gum then spread.

at Patterns Nos. 24 to 28 was Rmax of cemented carbide differently. The test results show that the relationship between the Effect of roughness and the effect of the coating equal to those in the case from SKH51. In particular, it has been found that a roughness depth Rmax of 0.3 μm the deposit of "gum" favored and showed no satisfactory effect.

at Patterns Nos. 29 to 31 was a non-oriented (non-grain oriented) Roughness depth used. The material was sanded just like described in connection with the replacement blade of samples 1 to 6, which to increase the roughness were treated by blast cleaning and those coated with CrN were. The test results show that the blast cleaning has an effect the roughness as in grinding offers.

5 shows the relationship, based on the test results of a CrN coating given in Table 1, between the grinding direction and the roughness depth Rmax, which influence the evaluation. ⌾, O, and Δ (corresponding to ratings A, B, and C) were evaluated as effective. Furthermore, ⌾ and O were rated as favorable. Out 5 It was concluded that at Rmax in the range of 1 to 10 μm irrespective of the direction of the grinding, a satisfactory effect can be obtained, and that the roughness Rmax is 1.5 to 8.2 μm and the grinding direction is -50 ° to + 50 ° (including not oriented or non-grain oriented grinding) are preferred.

6 shows the relationship between the roughness Rmax and the deposition of gum in the grinding direction -25 ° to + 25 ° (including non-oriented or non-grain oriented grinding). 7 Fig. 14 shows the relationship between the grinding direction and the deposition of gum at the roughness Rmax of 2.9 to 5.2 μm.

at Consideration of the roughness of the ground surface was the view of the State of the art to the effect that the roughness of both the Cutting corner forming surfaces, d. H. Approach angle and flank, preferably as low as possible. Looking at the side cutting a tine cutter, the through brazing was integrated, which is common in the art, the cutting edge subjected to coarse grinding under the conditions of Sample No. 25 and then finished under the conditions of Sample No. 24. In particular, the material with a # 120 diamond grindstone is considered one drawn size honed, Zeroing is performed in this state until no more spark occurs, whereby the roughness is reduced. Then use a # 500 grinding wheel another loops running to to further reduce the roughness. The pattern No. 26 was the Zero grinding not carried out during the grinding process.

at Tailors, from general tailors for home use to tailors In industry, the general view is that, since the smoothness the ground surface elevated and this becomes more like a mirrored surface, the slipperiness improved and the sharpness the cutting corner increases. Such finishing is generally also from the point of view of commercial values, including a good appearance, used. The present invention is the above-mentioned conventional one Knowledge and the inventors of the present invention have found out that a suitable optimal adjustment of the roughness depth after grinding by exploiting the through a combination of grinding and a Chrome or chromium nitride coating The effects achieved were the deposition of gum during the rotary cutting of a Wood or a Holverbundwerkstoffes avoids and in particular the life of a cutter with a flank with a small angle of attack extended.

Example 2

The inventors of the present invention already have the use of a tine cutter from Proposed replacement blade type for tine machining, which has hitherto been carried out with a brazed cemented carbide cutter (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 122104/1994). In this example, a practical test for the deposition of gum was performed using the replacement blade type tine cutter as a material to be tested.

The shape of a replacement blade used in the practical test 13 was like in 8a shown. An angle of incidence of 10 ° in the cutting corner of the peripheral cutter was provided to increase the tip cutting angle of the peripheral cutter to 60 °, thereby increasing the strength and improving the shape retention of the tip of the tine. As in 9 shown was the flank 4 in the side cutting edge of the exchange blade 13 pointing to a tool body 12 was finished under the conditions given in Table 1 of the pattern Nos. 7 to 12 finished. The flank of the peripheral blade was finally finished under the conditions of the pattern Nos. 1 to 6 and PVD coated with CrN in a thickness of 3 μm. Thereafter, the approach angle 3 ground to remove the coating in the approach angle to make a pattern for a replacement blade.

The Test conditions and results were as follows.

(1) Specifications of Schneiders

Of the Circle diameter φ of the cutting corners was 210 mm × 4.0 mm Thickness × 4 as the number of cutting, the shape of the prong was 4 mm wide × 0.6 mm Tip width × 7 ° slate Angle × 11.4 mm length. Of the Cutting angle was an approach angle of 20 °, the angle of attack in the peripheral cutting edge 25 °, the Incident angle in the cutting corner of the peripheral cutting angle 10 °, and the Incident angle in the side cutting edge 3.6 °.

(2) test conditions

The Test pattern was on an axis of two axes of tine cutter axes mounted in a horizontal tine processing machine, and the conventional one Schneider, who was soldered to cemented carbide or carbide hard metal, was invited to the attached to the other axis, the durability of the two patterns to compare. In the horizontal tine processing varies the number of laminated cutting edges depending on the thickness of the material to be cut. In the present test, the minimum and the maximum number on tailors 7 and 10 respectively.

(3) cutting conditions

Rubberwood and beech wood were used as materials to be cut, and the cutting was done under the conditions of a main spindle speed of 3400 rpm and a material feed rate of 12 m / min.

(4) test results

The Service life of the conventional with cemented carbide or Carbide carbide soldered Schneiders averaged 3 days due to a greater cutting noise, one missing fit the prong and the like, and the tailor became that reason replaced every 3 days. The consideration of the replaced because of the life Schneiders showed that Gum thick and large on the side of the tip of cemented carbide or carbide carbide and also on the tool body deposited over a large area was.

In contrast, the consideration of the replacement blade showed 13 , which had a CrN coating, after continuous use for 46 full days, that on the flank 4 in the side cutting edge in its section, with the tool body 12 was in contact, Gum was thinly deposited. Furthermore, there was no problem cutting. As in 9 However, a large amount of gum was shown on a lead 12a of the conical cross section without a top pull, which extends circumferentially from the rear part of a groove for fitting a replacement blade in the tool body 12 was formed. Furthermore, the deposit was also observed on the peripheral edge. The deposition of gum on these sections did not cause any cutting problems.

By the above test results have been confirmed that the Service life of the tool according to the present Invention about 15 times longer was as the conventional with cemented carbide or cemented carbide soldered Schneiders.

It has been found that, due to the elongation of the tool according to the present invention, a significant shortening of the time for replacing the cutter and the associated setting, ie the period during which the working chain is shut down, can be realized, resulting in a considerably improved productivity leads the production line for laminated wood. The deposition of gum on the replacement blade and the tool body was as in 9 shown.

The above effect reduces the running cost of the replacement blade, which enables disposal of the replacement blade after use, ie, disposal, and therefore can improve the costly control of the cutters. In this connection, it should be noted that the prevention of the deposition of gum on the tool body is preferred because the tool body is repeatedly used. Also in this case, the deposit of gum can be achieved by a combination of optimal setting of the roughness depth on the tab 12a can be prevented by PVD with the top coat of chrome or a nitride, carbide or carbonitride of chromium.

at Hard chrome plating is a homogeneous galvanic metal deposition difficult, and there is a concentration of overload current on a sharp Cutting edge or a lead on, which is likely the Formation of the so-called "Schmorplattierung" or the "ejection" causes. Therefore arises in the case of the tine cutter of the replacement cutter type by this Plating a problem related to the precision of the Groove for fitting a spare blade and a problem related to the dimensional stability when coating the tool body. To these unfavorable phenomena it is necessary to avoid negative auxiliary electrodes in the plating in a complicated way to accurately regulate the shape of the tool body, and to use a cover or other means. These methods are for unsuitable for practical use. On the other hand, there is PVD not the danger of a heterogeneous coating (coating) and therefore it is for use in preventing the deposition of Gum on the body suitable for the tine cutter.

Around Furthermore, the resistance to wear when plant to be cut Materials, such. Laminated wood that has an adhesive, it is also possible to improve to cover the inner layer with TiN, the upper layer, d. H. the outermost surface, with Chrome or a nitride, carbide or carbonitride covered by chrome is. This technique can be applied to all rotary cutting tools.

Example 3

A base metal surface is ground with a suitable grinding wheel so that the strip produced by grinding is -50 ° to + 50 ° to the direction of rotation. Thereafter, by cutting a lace seat is created and, as in 10 shown a bit 20 soldered from cemented carbide or carbide carbide. Then one page 21 the tip of cemented carbide or carbide ground to a surface roughness Rmax of 1 to 10 microns, so that a created by the grinding strip -50 ° to + 50 ° to the direction of rotation was. The ground surface is then coated by PVD with chromium or a nitride, carbide or carbonitride of chromium. After soldering, generally, deposition of silver as solder fill metal around the tip or formation of an oxide film occurs. For this reason, the adhesion of the coating is ensured by optimizing the roughness of the silver plating or by removing the oxide film. For this purpose, this section can be treated after blasting by blasting. Also in this case, the jet conditions are adjusted so that the roughness Rmax is brought to 1 to 10 microns.

After coating, an approach angle 22 and a peripheral edge 23 finished in the tip of cemented carbide or carbide hard metal by grinding. The coating may have a multilayer structure and chromium or a nitride, carbide or carbonitride of chromium is layered at least on the outermost surface. The thickness of the coating may vary depending on the material to be cut. For example, a coating thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 μm is sufficient for cutting general woods, and a coating thickness of 3 to 10 μm is used for cutting wood-based boards which have a strong wear effect. In this case, in hard chrome plating, adhesion between the coating and the cemented carbide tip is unsatisfactory, making it necessary to form the coating by PVD.

Example 4

A polycrystalline diamond sinter comprising an alloy of cemented carbide as a substrate and a polycrystalline diamond layered and sintered thereon were used as a factory used with a very long tool life. In recent years, a vapor phase synthesized diamond film formed by chemical vapor deposition has also been used as a tool material. The present invention can be used by utilizing these diamond materials in a spiked saw to extend tool life.

Specifically, in the spiked saw described in Example 3, a polycrystalline diamond sinter or a gas-phase synthesized diamond film having a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm is applied to the surface of an approach angle 22 a tip of cemented carbide or carbide layer to form a cutting corner. In this case, since the diamond layer is electrically insulated, it can not be coated by PVD with chromium or a nitride, carbide or carbonitride of chromium, whereby the adhesive strength is ensured by applying a negative voltage.

There However, gum is not deposited in an area that coincides with the cutting material during cutting into close contact comes, d. H. in a range of 0.5 mm from the line of the side cutting edge in the direction of rotation, the deposit of gum occurs on the side of the Tip does not open, if the thickness of the diamond layer does not exceed 0.5 mm is located.

Example 5

A substrate 15 for an exchange blade 13 of a tine cutter is made of a cemented carbide, a tool steel, such as a tool high-speed steel or a high-chromium alloyed tool steel or other high-strength materials, such. As a Gußstellit, a Sinterstellit or Cerment (ceramic-metal composite) produced. As in 11a shown is a film synthesized by gas phase Dia mantfilm 16 with a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm on the surface of the substrate 15 on the approach angle side z. B. layered to form a cutting corner. Alternatively, as in 12a shown a substrate 17 with a polycrystalline diamond sinter 18 layered on its surface, piled up to form a cutting corner. In particular, the tip seat is ground by grinding or cutting at an approach angle of the substrate 15 formed for an exchange blade, and the substrate 17 with a polycrystalline diamond sinter 18 with a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm layered on its surface is soldered thereto. In this case, the brazing filler metal is preferably used in a predetermined minimum amount so that the brazing filler metal does not flow in significant amount to the side of the substrate.

Subsequently, the diamond layer, which is the substrate 17 includes, along with the substrate 15 for a replacement blade finished by grinding, so that the surface roughness Rmax of the side cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge is 1 to 10 microns. In the case of air soldering, the oxide film on the surface is removed by blasting in an area heated on soldering. In this case, the grain size of the beam is selected so that the surface roughness does not become large. Then, for example, CrN is coated in a thickness of several μm by PVD. The approach angle in the diamond layer can be finished by grinding after coating or, alternatively, finished by grinding prior to coating. In any case, since the coating does not adhere firmly to the diamond layer, the coating on the attachment angle and the side surface is removed at an early stage of the cutting operation. However, the CrN on the side of the substrate for an exchange cut remains and serves to prevent the deposition of gum.

Example 6

A cutting corner of a drill, as in 13 is shown from a cemented carbide or carbide, a tool steel, such. As a tool high-speed steel or a high-chromium alloyed tool steel, or other high-strength materials. The roughness depth Rmax of the tool in its circumferential surface 26 near an axial cutting corner of the tip 25 is brought to 1 to 10 microns. A hard layer of chromium or a nitride, a carbide or a carbonitride of chromium is provided as the outermost surface. After coating the hard layer, the portion of the axial cutting corner of the tip is finished by grinding. This can prevent the deposition of gum on the peripheral surface of the drill, thereby ensuring the direct feed of the drill.

Example 7

14a shows an example of a form cutter in which a liner 29 and a cutting corner plate 30 be placed separately on each other in a section of the exchange blade. In the laminate th state corresponds to the stiffening plate the substrate for a replacement blade, and the cutting edge plate corresponds to a cutting edge material. The shape of the cutting line in the present example is suitable for use in finishing the cutting of a plate material to be cut into a circular arc shape. A side cutting edge 31 near the maximum cutting diameter of the cutting line is in such a state that the oblique angle is close to substantially 0 °, as in the tine cutter. For this reason, the pitch angle θ _{4 should be provided} in the side cutting in any case. Therefore, performing regrinding of the neck angle results in a change of shape. The application of the present invention to such a mold cutter allows the deposition of gum on the side cutting edge to be less likely. Therefore, the use of the cutter in an identical shape becomes possible over a long period of time.

Furthermore, since the deposition of gum is less likely, the angle of incidence in the side cutting edge may be small, so that regrinding will not give a significant change in shape. In applications where a change in shape is not acceptable or regrinding is inconvenient, the cutter may be constructed so that the cutting edge plate alone is interchangeable. Further, when there is no cutting line portion, that is, when the oblique angle is close to 0 °, of course, the incidence angle in the side cutting edge can be adjusted by providing a usual incidence angle θ _{5 of} the peripheral cutting edge over the entire cutting line. Therefore, the application of the present invention, even if the incidence angle of the side cutting edge is small, can provide a cutter having a prolonged life and undergoing no change in shape during regrinding.

Claims (11)

Rotary cutting tool (rotary cutting tool) for working wood or a wood-based composite material (Wood composite material), comprising a peripheral cutting edge and a Side cutting edge, wherein the peripheral cutting edge and the side cutting edge are formed separately, so that they clearly distinguishable or merge into each other are formed, wherein the roughness Rmax at least the flank the side cutting 1 to 10 microns is, the grinding direction for generating the surface roughness of the flank of the side cutting edge -50 degrees to +50 degrees to the direction of rotation for the cutting is, the side cutting edge has a clearance angle of 0.8 degrees to 5 degrees, and the outermost surface of the Flank of the side cutting a coating comprising a material element selected from the group consisting made of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbon nitride Carbonitride of chromium, the deposition of a rubbery Adhesive or adhesive (gum) on the flank of a side cutting edge to prevent. Rotary cutting tool (rotary cutting tool) for working wood or a wood-based composite material (Wood composite material) according to claim 1, which is a Zinkenfugenschneider with a side cutting edge, which with a substrate or a Base metal for a replaceable knife integral cutting edge of a cemented carbide or carbide hard metal, a tool steel, selected from the group consisting of a tool steel and a high-chromium alloy Tool steel, or other high-strength material. Rotary cutting tool (rotary cutting tool) for working wood or a wood-based composite material (Wood composite material) according to claim 1, which is a Zinkenfugenschneider with a side cutting edge, wherein said roughness Rmax at least on the flank of the side cutting in one with a Substrate or a base metal for a replaceable knife integral cutting edge and on the surface of the substrate or base metal for the located adjacent exchangeable blades. Rotary cutting tool (rotary cutting tool) for working wood or a wood-based composite material (Wood composite material) according to claim 2, which has a Zinkenfugenschneider with replaceable cutting edge is and a substrate for a replaceable knife the tailor owns that out a cemented carbide, a tool steel selected from the group consisting of a tool steel and a high-chromium alloy Tool steel, or other high-strength material, wherein a not more than 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline diamond sintered or gas phase synthesized Diamond film on the surface at the front end face of the substrate for a replaceable knife is laminated, thereby forming a cutting edge to build. The body of a replaceable finger joint cutter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a structural steel or a tool steel as a base material and a projection having a tapered cross section extending from the back side of a groove for securing a replaceable knife, is formed in a peripheral shape, wherein the projection is at least in its tapered surface finished so that it by cutting or grinding such that a resulting by cutting or grinding strip an angle of -50 degrees to +50 To the tangential direction with respect to the rotation, has a roughness of 1 to 10 microns, and that its outer surface has a coating of a material element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide, and a carbonitride of Chromium, such that the deposition of a rubbery adhesive or gum on the conical surface of the projection is prevented. Rotary cutting tool for working wood or a wood composite containing a zinc joint cutter replaceable cutting edge and having the side cutting edge, wherein its angle of attack 0.8 ° to 5 °, where a substrate for a replaceable knife of the cutter made of a cemented carbide or Carbide carbide, a tool steel, selected from the group consisting from a quick tool steel and a high-chromium alloyed tool steel or another high-strength material, one being not more than 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline diamond sintered or by Gas phase synthesized diamond film on the surface at the front side of the substrate for a replaceable knife is layered so as to make a cutting edge form, wherein the roughness depth Rmax at least the substrate portion in the flank of the side cutting edge is 1 to 10 microns, and wherein the outermost surface of a coating of a fabric element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbonitride obtained by a physical vapor deposition method was formed to the deposition of an optionally rubbery Adhesive or adhesive (gum) on the flank of a side cutting edge to avoid. body a zinc joint cutter with interchangeable cutting edge, which the Having side cutting edge, wherein its angle of attack is 0.8 ° to 5 °, characterized characterized in that a structural steel or a tool steel as a base material and a projection having a conical cross section, the starting from the back a groove for fixing a replaceable knife in its Circumferential form is formed, wherein at least its tapered area is finished so that he by cutting or grinding such that a by cutting or Sanding strips formed an angle of -50 ° to + 50 ° to the tangential Direction with respect to the rotation, or by non-aligned (non-grain) blowing or blasting a roughness Rmax from 1 to 10 μm and that its outermost surface is a coating a fabric element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbonitride of chromium, for the deposition of an optionally rubbery adhesive or glue (gum) on the conical side to avoid the projection. Pointed saw for cutting wood and a wood composite material, characterized in that the roughness depth Rmax of the side surface, a tip consisting of a cemented carbide or carbide tip or one of their high-strength material, and one next to the side surface located base metal is 1 to 10 microns, and that its outermost surface of a coating a fabric element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbonitride of chromium obtained by physical Steam precipitation process was formed to make a deposit an optionally rubber-like adhesive or adhesive (gum) on the side surface to avoid the tip and a base metal near the side surface. The pointed saw for cutting wood and A wood composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that the existence no more than 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline diamond sintered or by Gas phase synthesized diamond film on the surface at the bevelled Side of the tip made of cemented carbide or carbide metal is to make a cutting edge. Drills for working wood and a wood composite, characterized in that the Angle of attack in the direction of rotation of a peripheral surface of Tool near the edge of an axial tip or an axially pointed tapered edge 5 ° or less, the roughness Rmax of a peripheral surface of the tool is 1 to 10 μm, and its outermost surface is a coating a fabric element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbonitride of chromium obtained by physical Steam precipitation process was formed to the deposit an optionally rubber-like adhesive or adhesive (gum) on the peripheral surface to avoid the tool. Rotary cutting tool for processing wood and a wood composite, which is a Die or a blanket or (cover) strip cutter, characterized in that an integral with a substrate or a base metal for a replaceable blade cutting edge of a cemented carbide or carbide, a tool steel selected from the group consisting of a Quick tool steel and a high-chromium alloyed tool steel or other high-strength material, is that the roughness Rmax at least the flank in the direction of rotation is 1 to 10 microns, and that its outermost surface is a coating of a material element selected from the group consisting of chromium and a nitride, a carbide and a carbonitride of chromium which has been formed by physical vapor deposition method to prevent the deposition of an optionally rubbery adhesive or adhesive (gum) on the flank in the direction of rotation.