DE682761C - Process for the distillation of wood u. like - Google Patents

Description

Process for the distillation of wood and the like. It is known -wood, Coal, lignite us, v. at a pressure of about 50 to 300 atm. and at temperatures from 35o to 55o ° with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases in the presence of iron oxide to heat. This occurs when using wood or others cellulosic substances absorption charcoal and, among other things, volatile substances. We also have wood with superheated steam in the presence of salts, such as Magnesium chloride, table salt, if necessary with the addition of a little sulfuric acid Wet char, whereby up to 12 ° / o acetic acid is obtained as the product of the distillation will.

The invention relates to a method for treating wood and the like. That consists in that these substances in the presence of water, solid Reducing and solid oxidizing agents and, with passing through, a reducing agent acting gas, such as hydrogen, water gas, Acefylen or ethylene, with ordinary or subjected to a little elevated pressure of the distillation.

The 'composition and the yield of the distillate depends on the Type of reducing agent to be used. Come as a reducing agent Magnesium, nickel, zinc, tin, chromium and related metals can be considered and used as oxidizing agents Metal oxides, potassium dichromate and persalts. The reduction and oxidation catalysts can be used individually or in mixtures with one another.

At the same time, with the reducing gas, superheated steam can be passed through the reaction mixture. It is advisable to add a magical agent to the reaction mixture, e.g. B. the finely distributed, Residue from a previous des lation to add. Finally you can use the reaction mixture inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, or Add potash in small amounts. Examples i. ' 500 gmicht dried wood flour was mixed with 250 g charcoal, which came from the previous experiments. 5 kg of potassium dichromate, 20 g of aluminum powder and 250 g of water were added to this. This mixture was then introduced into the apparatus, the apparatus was tightly closed and the distillation of the introduced material was slowly started in a stream of hydrogen. At 100 to 100 °, water passed over, partly from the added water (250 g) and partly from the moisture in the wood. As early as 12o ° water passed over with small oil droplets, after 11/2 to 2 hours at Uo to 18o ° a strong oil transfer was noticeable, which lasted up to 22o °. From 22o to 28o ° without further heating, the temperature rose by itself as a result of the exotic reaction, and a strong development of oil was noticeable. After 280 ° to 400 °, the development of oil decreased sharply, and mostly heavier oils passed over.

With a careful supply of hydrogen and water vapor, both of them were preheated, no tar formation arose. A total of 8o to 10o cc of oil went and 37o to 420 cc of water above, and the remainder of the coal was only 75 to 90 g of newly formed Charcoal from the added wood.

The oils mainly consist of petrol-like hydrocarbons.

The procedure can either be at ordinary or at moderately increased Pressure can be made.

500 g of wood flour, 250 g of residue from a previous experiment, 20 g of aluminum powder and 5 g of potassium dichromate are mixed together and 20 drops of hydrochloric acid in 250 g of water are added and the procedure is as in Example i. At 127 to 150 ° a slight oil formation began, and at 200 ° about 20 ccin passed over. The oil formation became very strong from 205 to 300 °, and on the whole about 90 ccm had passed over. The residue was 385 e, that is, from the introduced 500 g of wood flour were i g remained 1 5 as charcoal powder. 3. 500 g of wood flour, 20 g of aluminum powder and g of potassium bichroinate are mixed together and 5 g of caustic soda, dissolved in 250 g of 1% water, are added. The oil yield @ j is 55 ccm.

During the distillation care must be taken that the contents of the The bladder is as finely distributed as possible and does not attach itself to the walls of the bladder.

For the purpose of enlarging the surface z. B. except charcoal Finely slurried oxides and porous earths can also be added.

In contrast to the known method, according to which wood at i 5o to 3oo atm. and at temperatures from 35o to 55o ° with hydrogen, optionally in The presence of iron oxide is treated in the new process with ordinary or a little increased pressure worked, and the reaction is already at its greatest here Part finished at temperatures below 300 °. The use of catalogs is in the method according to the invention is necessary in order to achieve the desired success, while the known process is satisfactory even without the use of iron oxide Way should go.

Claims (4)

PATr \ TA: - SPRL-CHr i. Process for the distillation of wood and the like. in the presence of water and hydrogen or gases containing hydrogen higher temperatures, characterized in that wood and the like are used in the presence of solid reducing agents such as aluminum powder and solid oxidizing agents and with the passage of reducing gases at ordinary or little subjected to elevated pressure of distillation. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized characterized in that the reducing gas was superheated simultaneously with 3 Passes water vapor through the reaction mixture. 3., Procedure according to: Irrspruch i bis 2, characterized in that a leaning agent is added to the reaction mixture, expediently the finely divided residue from a previous distillation is added. 4th Process according to Claims i to 3, characterized in that the reaction mixture inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, or alkali added in small amounts.