DE619013C

DE619013C - Safety device on the piston for deep drilling

Info

Publication number: DE619013C
Application number: DEH138067D
Authority: DE
Original assignee: Haniel and Lueg GmbH
Current assignee: Haniel and Lueg GmbH
Priority date: 1933-11-07
Filing date: 1933-11-07
Publication date: 1935-09-20

Description

Bei der Inproduktionsnahme von Erdölbohrlöchern ist es üblich, die vom Bohren herrührende., noch im Bohrloch befindliche Spülung mittels eines an einer Schwerstange befestigten und an einem langen Drahtseil hängenden Gummikolbens mit Rückschlagventil aus dem Bohrloch zu ziehen. Der Gummikolben, international, auch »swab« genannt, besitzt einen freien, lichten Durchgang, der gewöhnlich durch eine Ventilkugel verschlossen ist, während sein äußerer Umfang an der Rohrwandung dicht anliegt. Wird dieser Kolben in das Bohrloch eingelassen, so tritt unter dem Einfluß der über dem Kolben befindlichen Schwerstange die Spülung durch das Kugelventil über den Kolben und wird nun mittels eines Schöpfhaspels aus dem Bohrloch herausgehoben. Dieser Vorgang wird so oft wiederholt, bis das Gewicht oder der Druck des aus einem Gemisch von Ton und Wasser bestehenden Spülwassers so gering geworden ist, daß das unter eigenem hydrostatischen Druck oder Gasdruck stehende Öl aus dem. Gebirge in das Bohrloch tritt und nun in gleicher Weise • oder durch eine Tiefpumpe aus dem Bohrloch gehoben werden kann.When putting oil wells into production, it is common practice to do so from drilling originating., still located in the borehole mud by means of a drill collar on a drill collar attached rubber piston with non-return valve hanging on a long wire rope to pull out of the borehole. The rubber piston, internationally, also called "swab", has a free, clear passage, which is usually closed by a valve ball is, while its outer circumference lies tightly against the pipe wall. Will this piston is embedded in the borehole, so occurs under the influence of the above Piston-located drill collar flushes through the ball valve over the piston and is now lifted out of the borehole by means of a scoop reel. This process is repeated until the weight or the pressure of a mixture of clay and water Rinse water has become so low that it is under its own hydrostatic pressure or Gas pressurized oil from the. Mountain enters the borehole and now in the same way • or can be lifted out of the borehole by a deep pump.

Bei dieser Arbeit kommt es nicht selten vor, daß der Gasdruck größere Ölmengen in kurzer Zeit zum Bohrloch treibt und dieses zur Eruption bringt. Um ,das Öl billig und schnell aus dem Bohrloch zu gewinnen, führt man diesen Vorgang bei geeigneten Verhältnissen mit dem beschriebenen Kolben gern künstlich herbei. Eine Eruption oder die Ausströmung größerer Gasmengen tritt meist beim Ziehen des Kolbens auf, wobei Öl und Gase nicht schnell genug durch das Kugelventil. über den Kolben gelangen können. Infolgedessen wird der Kolben samt Schwerstange nach oben geschleudert, wodurch das an dem Kolben befestigte Förderseil erschlafft, so daß es sich in Windungen und Schleifen auf Schwerstange und Kolben legt und verklemmt, wenn es nicht gelingt, die Erschlaffung des Förderseiles zu verhindern. An der durch die plötzliche Entlastung des Kolbens und damit des Förderseiles sich steigernden Drehzahl des Förderhaspels kann der Bohrmeister diesen Vorgang erkennen. Die 5t» Möglichkeit, durch weitere Steigerung der. Drehzahl des Förderhaspels die Erschlaffung des Seiles zu verhindern, ergibt jedoch nicht immer den gewünschten Erfolg, Der Kolben wird, wie oben beschrieben, 50, 100 und mehr Meter hochgeschleudert^ wobei sich das dieser Länge entsprechende Seil auf Schwerstange und Kolben legt". Gleichzeitig sind dann meistens auch noch größere Ölmengen durch das Kugelventil über den Kolben getreten, so daß das während dieses Vorganges, nur noch durch einen Teil seines Eigengewichtes belastete Seil einen plötzlichen Ruck erhält und reißt, wenn der mit erhöhter Drehzahl laufende Schöpfhaspel das. Seil so weit aufgewickelt hat, daß der zur Ruhe gekommene Kolben wieder vom Seil mitgenommen wird.During this work it is not uncommon for the gas pressure to cause large quantities of oil drifts to the borehole in a short time and causes it to erupt. Um, the oil cheap and To win quickly from the borehole, this process is carried out under suitable conditions with the described piston like artificially. An eruption or the A large amount of gas escapes when the piston is pulled, with oil and Gases not passing through the ball valve fast enough. can get over the piston. Consequently the piston and the drill collar are thrown upwards, as a result of which the hoisting rope attached to the piston slackens, so that it wraps itself in turns and loops on the collar and piston and jams if it does not succeed To prevent slackening of the hoisting rope. The sudden relief of the The piston and thus the conveyor rope increasing speed of the conveyor reel can Drilling masters recognize this process. The 5t »possibility, by further increasing the. However, the speed of the conveyor reel does not prevent the rope from slackening always the desired success, the piston is, as described above, 50, 100 and thrown up more meters ^ whereby the rope corresponding to this length lies on the drill collar and piston " then usually even larger quantities of oil passed through the ball valve over the piston, so that during this process, only by part of its own weight loaded rope receives a sudden jerk and breaks when the reel running at increased speed pulls the rope like this has wound up so that the piston has come to rest again from the rope will.

Abgesehen davon, daß allem ein Bruch des teueren, beispielsweise 1000 bis 2000 m langen Schöpfseiles schon dessen Wert stark mindert, auch wenn das ins Bohrloch gefallene Stück unbeschädigt wieder herausgebracht werden könnte, so entstehen dadurchApart from the fact that everything is a fraction of the expensive, for example 1000 to 2000 m long ladder rope already greatly reduces its value, even if it fell into the borehole Piece could be brought out undamaged, so arise

Claims

often lengthy and costly fishing work, and above all production losses. The purpose of the present invention is to avoid these disadvantages. It consists in the fact that there is an axial mobility between the scoop piston and its supporting or conveying rope, on which the actuation of a safety or braking device is dependent on the piping. The ίο safety or braking device consists of jaws that are guided on inclined surfaces and are movable radially with respect to the pipe wall on a cross-piece that is dependent on the axial mobility between the scoop piston and the carrying or conveying rope. Another device that has become known has a directly displaceable scoop piston as its object, which has a hose-like seal. This seal is caused to expand against the well tubular if the piston is overloaded by the fluid above as it is lifted. The then stronger friction of the piston on the tube is only intended to open one valve so that liquid can flow from above under the piston. An embodiment is shown in Fig. 1 and 2 in longitudinal sections with loaded and unloaded suspension or hoisting rope. Fig. 3 shows a section according to A-B in Fig. 2. It denotes 1 'the piping, in which by means of the drill collar 2, the valve piston (not shown) attached to its lower end is moved. At the upper end, the drill collar is provided with a partially conical head 3, which expediently has two or more surfaces 3 'inclined upwards towards the axis of the borehole, on which brake or clamping jaws 4 have sliding, positive guidance. These clamping jaws carry a brake lining 4 'made of a non-flammable, spark-proof material. A cross piece 6 'guided in slots 3 ″ * 5 in the head 3 and held by the rod 6 arranged in the extension of the sleeve 5 ′ of the suspension or conveyor rope 5 simultaneously engages in the clamping jaws 4 so that these the As a result of the inevitable guidance of the clamping jaws 4 on the 'head 3, 3', they receive a radial movement in addition to the axial movement that takes place in the direction of the borehole axis when the cable 5 over the sleeve 5 'and rod 6 by means of the crosspiece 6' carries the head 3 with the drill collar 2. This state can be seen in Fig Fig. 2 shows how, under the influence of gas or oil pressures from the deepest part of the borehole 1, the upward movement of the drill collar 2 and the valve piston takes place faster than it corresponds to the winding of the rope 5 caused by the reel All short displacement of the drill collar 2 and thus also of the head 3, 3 'with respect to the rod 6 loaded by the rope 5 together with the crosspiece 6', the brake shoes 4 are pressed outwards against the inner surface of the piping 1. The throwing movement of the drill collar together with the valve piston can only be a few centimeters, whereby there is less slackening1 of the hoisting rope 5 if this process does not take place in the uppermost parts of the borehole, since the relief of the rope initially reduces its elongation. The clamping jaws 4 only allow an upward bending movement again when they are lifted by the rope by means of rod 6 and crosspiece 6 '. In practice, the rope 5 initially has to overcome the braking effect of the jaws 4 as it moves upward in accordance with its speed. The drill collar 2 with its head 3 and the valve piston can therefore only move upwards 9 <> at a speed corresponding to that of the conveyor rope S. Instead of the head 3, the collar 2 at the upper end or the scoop piston itself can receive a design corresponding to the sliding surfaces 3 '. 9S patent claims:

1. Safety device on the scoop for deep boreholes; marked thereby > That between the scoop and its carrying or conveying rope a axial mobility exists and that of this' mobility dependent and against the pipe wall movable brake shoes are arranged: "5

2. Safety and braking device according to claim v, characterized in that -brake or clamping jaws (4) on the inclined towards the borehole axis (3 ') of a head part immovably connected to ^{the scoop 1} ^ ^{0 piston} (3) are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner and are arranged on a transverse piece (6 ') so as to be radially displaceable against the pipe wall; which is immovable with the carrying or conveying rope, connected and movable in a transverse socket of the head part in the direction of the borehole axis.

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