DE60222798T2 - METHOD FOR GUARANTEED MEDIA ACCESS IN A WIRELESS NETWORK - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

These The invention relates to an access control of a wireless Medium, which when streaming time-sensitive data, such as audiovisual Real-time data for interactive applications, communication applications and games. To one quality of service the communication session device between mobile wireless terminals (or stations) and between access points or base stations and mobile devices To achieve this, a network layer must be in control of an access mechanism owns, about it be clear how the for the meeting needed quality of service must be provided. The need, a service level for a delivery maintain real-time data between access points and mobile devices, decreases as the number of mobile devices and traffic under the control of access points.

Technical background

at some local area networks (LAN) in accordance with IEEE 802.11 For example, a shared wireless medium will be exchanged critical control and connection information (i.e., information to the quality of service) between Station (STA) and the Access Point (AP). The tax and Connection information is exchanged in the form of management frames, which periodically or as needed depending on the data delivery requirements STA or AP at any time. An exchange of critical and non-critical data between STA and AP is over competition of the wireless medium. This makes predictability of the exchange of critical Data, resulting in a stream of real-time data over the wireless medium almost impossible power.

at Most networks will have one for streams provided quality of service essentially from Internet Protocol (IP) or application layers handled. To be more effective in ensuring that the quality of service for the data stream below all network conditions in a wireless network can, it becomes necessary that the Layer 2 (or media access controller), whose responsibility it is to gain access to the wireless medium to manage a controller over owns the access mechanism. In the present invention the purpose in it, a higher one Layer some control over it to offer, as the quality of service the data connection can be guaranteed.

The other problem, after which the solution The present invention seeks to reduce required delay limits, encounter the media access controller of the wireless medium. Most audiovisual real-time deliveries are ongoing Connection to the wireless medium is essential. In some cases the time, for the audiovisual data from the media access controller (MAC "Medium Access Controller ") be kept constant and within a certain time. If holding the real-time data exceeds the maximum time, for the the Data may remain in the MAC layer, meets the required real-time delivery characteristics no longer the criteria.

In Some of the wireless networks are essentially media access on data streams which are pumped from upper layers to the MAC layer on an ad hoc basis. An allocation of wireless media access follows in most make an ad hoc basis.

A typical representative of ad hoc media access is in US 5,677,909 disclosed. This prior art document discloses an apparatus for exchanging data between a central station and a plurality of remote wireless stations on a time division multiple access communication channel. The apparatus includes apparatus for receiving access requests from remote stations of the plurality of remote stations during a first time interval under a contention-based protocol and a non-contention-based protocol and apparatus for polling for data transfers during a second time period of remote stations of the plurality of remote stations that provide access requests under non-competitive protocols during the first time period.

In "Isochronous Services in Home Multimedia Networks ", IEEE 1999, R. Gubbi discloses a network for efficient communication, each subnet consisting of a master device and various client devices. The number of concurrent clients depends on the available bandwidth and the bandwidth of the client devices from. The presented architecture guarantees this data type needed Bandwidth and throughput services through quality of service negotiation.

For real-time critical data streams, there is a need to have a guaranteed time slot for wireless media access so that the data packets from the data streams can be delivered in a timely manner. This invention provides a mechanism to allow superiors to register streams of data with the MAC layer so that the media can be used can be guaranteed for the delivery of the data streams.

in the Process of competition for the wireless medium for all data stream deliveries using the state of the art use both administrative as well as user data the same media access channel. This increases one Probability of the presence of a collision in the wireless Medium, if the number of stations by the central access Point controlled increases. The present invention sees another channel for a station to compete for the right to a data stream with an exclusive time slot for to register the registered data stream delivery. The present Technology also provides a dynamic mechanism for assigning Time slots for Stations competing for the registration of data stream for exclusive Channels in front. Using a separate time slot for different data exchange she cares for one better bandwidth allocation for Control data exchange between the central access point and the Stations.

in the The prior art is a data delivery from the upper layers compete for the wireless medium and a large amount on bandwidth for Waste collision. The present invention allows the data streams of the upper layers, connection-oriented features in the wireless packet network to have.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention solves the above problem by allowing data streams that have a certain level of service need, by specifying bandwidth, latency, jitter and time duration the occurrence of the three preceding parameters at their marked Maximum value to be requested by the media access layer. Of the Media access layer whose main responsibility is the management of Access to the wireless medium is based on these parameters Assign the media access time slot. Assigning the time slots to wireless media access is through the central coordinator (i.e., media coordinator). The mechanism for running Assignment is common implemented in the access point. The station, at the central Coordinator requests for a data connection must be with other stations within a certain time slot about the transmission of the particular Service levels compete. The service levels passing through the station for the transmission the data streams are then determined by the central coordinator and the final allocation is sent to the requesting stations. Once the registration of a data connection based on the requested service level, the coordinator becomes periodic the bandwidth for the requesting station for submitting assign data.

More accurate is in accordance with the present The invention relates to a method for registering a request from a station on transmission of a stream subject to a quality of service request according to claim 1 provided. The QoS registration request ( "Quality of Service ") received from a station that transmits the data stream over wireless medium.

The The present invention uses parametric description for quantification network access (media access) service levels that are needed to a data stream over to deliver a wireless medium. Based on the connection request, Using the parametric description, top network layers can their network connectivity need that Communicate media access controller, so that a wireless media access via a certain period of time can be guaranteed. The present invention also sees a mechanism for scheduling different time slots for wireless Media access for User data and critical control data. To further the probability to reduce long-term competition becomes variable Time slots for Control data accepted to improve the delay.

With The use of the present invention allows simultaneous real-time and non-real-time applications and QoS as well as the real-time application be retained. Furthermore, the present causes Invention that a QoS registration request without a competition delivered and is able to provide an Access Point (AP) to achieve in a more timely manner, than this by the state the technology possible was. The net effect of the present invention is that it is allows a wireless media delay in the face of a data stream to reduce and make much more predictable when the number of stations within the AP increases. This invention allows it realized that a scalable approach in determining the type of AP considering the number of stations the AP can support.

Brief description of the drawings

These and other objects and features of the present invention with reference to the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof more clearly made with reference to the accompanying drawings is where similar Parts with similar Reference signs are designated:

1 is a diagram of a device planning media access. This figure gives a representation of the subcomponents needed to construct or implement the apparatus used to schedule data delivery based on connection request requests made by Layer 2 Service Access Point or Data Link Layer Control Control ") are received.

2 is a flow chart of a three-phase media allocation. This figure shows a three-phase media allocation process flow that includes processes such as QoS request registration, QoS media allocation, conventional media allocation, and contention base media allocation.

3 Figure 3 is a flow chart of a repeat relationship for four sub-tasks of three-phase media allocation.

4A to 4D show frame formats for frame types mentioned in the embodiments.

5 is a flowchart of the slot selection process. This figure shows a process flow for selecting a slot that minimizes the chance of collision with other stations as well as receiving a high chance of successful transmission after an experienced collision.

6 Fig. 10 is a flow chart of a QoS allocation request conversion process. This figure shows procedures for translating QoS allocation requests into a request list used as an input parameter to a scheduler.

7 is a flow chart of the operation of a scheduler. This figure shows operations performed by the scheduler to generate a media allocation plan based on a request list.

8th is a diagram showing time relations. This figure shows time-lapse renderings in the case of merging two collided media allocation plans.

9 is a diagram showing a wireless local area network (LAN) system.

10 FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an overall flow of wireless data communication according to the present invention. FIG.

11 Figure 11 is a diagram showing a QoS registration process.

12 Figure 12 is a diagram showing the flow of operations performed by the scheduler to generate a media allocation plan based on a request list.

13A to 13C are diagrams that show specific examples of QoS registration in terms of bandwidth.

14 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a data transfer when QoS registration is performed using contention control (CC) and reservation requests (RR).

15 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a data flow when QoS registration is executed in the competitive-based data transmission phase when the allocation request (RR) fails.

16 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a data transfer when a QoS registration is performed using a non-QoS poll request when an allocation request (RR) fails.

17 FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a data transfer when QoS registration is performed only within a competitive-based delivery phase.

18 Figure 12 is a diagram showing a data transfer when QoS registration is performed using a non-QoS poll request.

19 Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a division of a QoS request response frame into two types of frames.

20A Fig. 16 is a diagram showing details of the QoS request response frame format.

20B Fig. 10 is a diagram showing details of a bandwidth allocation information frame format.

Best mode of implementation of the invention

In the following embodiments, a wireless local area network (LAN) system as shown in FIG 9 is shown. This system comprises an access point AP as a main station and a plurality of stations Ta, Tb, Tc, Td, Te as outstations. The data is sent from the Access Point AP or one of the stations Ta, Tb, Tc, Td or Te to another station. When signals are simultaneously transmitted from a plurality of stations via a wireless medium, a signal collision occurs. Therefore, the access point AP, main station, receives transmission requests from stations, decides a priori to allocate wireless medium and plans in such a way that a transmission is performed in the order according to the priority. In this sense, the access point AP is also called "media coordinator." The requests for station transmission also contain information regarding a quality of a transmission signal, so that a data rate or transmission scheme would be granted that matches the desired quality.

It It should be noted that an access point AP has a station with the im The following functions is described. In other words, can each of the stations Ta to Te with the function of an access point AP will be.

The general designation of a technology that is a transmission quality of the network, the user terminals to disposal Quality of Service (QoS) is called QoS Services for controlling the transmission quality under Use of this type of techniques. Examples of parameters that affect the quality of delivery, include fluctuations (variations) in latency, data loss ratio, peak data rate, etc. Even if these are coordinated and traffic within of a network can have a specified throughput per application, such as video delivery, Voice transmission, etc., whereby QoS requirements are guaranteed.

10 Fig. 10 shows an overall operation of wireless data communication according to the present invention. In the phase shown as " registration " in the figure, the access point AP receives " QoS Registration Request ", which is a request for transmission of a desired desired quality such as data rate and so on from stations Ta to Te, and completes the registration of Stations according to the content of the request. This registration is called "QoS registration." In the figure, the phase of the "registration" is shown as being different from the QoS phase (loop D), transmission phase for a conventional media allocation scheme (loop E), and a rival base transmission phase (loop F) , However, as described later, the "registration" phase may include the transmission phase for a conventional scheme (loop E) and / or the transmission phase (loop F) to the rival base.

In the following description, it is assumed that one or more QoS requests have been registered when a phase called "registration" is completed. [Erfindung Die] The present invention relates to various techniques that perform this QoS registration 10 In the example shown, it is assumed that the stations Ta, Tb and Tc have completed their QoS registration (this term will also be referred to as "QoS registered" or "QoS registered" in the following.) The details of the QoS registration method are shown in FIG Respect to the 14 to 18 described. Upon completion of the QoS registration, in the phase labeled loop D, data transmission of stations commences according to the schedule assigned by registration contents.

In the first QoS phase of loop D, station Ta performs a transmission. At the beginning of the QoS phase, Access Point AP polls station Ta and gives permission to transmit. A POll frame issued by Access Point AP within the QoS phase is called QoS-Poll. After receiving the QoS poll, the station transmits Ta data. Data transfer based on the QoS poll is called "QoS delivery", the quality of delivery of which is guaranteed based on the content of the registration, and QoS delivery is required for real-time data such as TV, radio etc. The party to be transmitted is any of the stations except the own (Ta), ie access point AP, stations Tb, Tc, Td or Te. In the second QoS phase of loop D, station Tb performs a transmission In the third QoS phase, station Tc performs a transmission on a signal of a similar QoS poll. Loop D contains these three QoS phases 10 Loop D is executed once, although it can be executed multiple times.

Then finds a periodic communication by polling by means of a usual Media allocation schemes take place. In the figure, the phase in which the communication of the conventional Media assignment schemes take place, shown as loop E. Different as a QoS poll, the one outputted by the conventional scheme becomes Poll called non-QoS poll. The data transmission based on a non-QoS poll will be non-QoS delivery called. A non-QoS transmission is for the data used for the stringent real-time constraints not required such as text data, mail, etc. Non-QoS transmission is in this respect consistent with QoS transmission, that each station has a data transmission which is controlled by Access Point AP, distinguishes them However, QoS transmission in that the transmission quality is not is guaranteed. Both Access Point AP and the stations can have one Differentiate non-QoS poll from a QoS poll. Loop E can be multiple times be repeated.

When next becomes a competition-based transmission executed without pollen. In the figure is the phase in which the competition-based transmission takes place, shown as loop F. In competition-based transmission it is judged whether communication is possible and the data is only transmitted in the case that the transmission signal, that is sent from any other station, in a particular one Time is not recorded. Loop F can be repeated several times. If necessary, Access Point AP can be the start time and the end time of the competition based Communicate communication to each station. According to such notice it does not need that each station such a detection during a time outside this period. Thus, the operation can be simplified.

loop E and loop F can provided or not provided. The order in which loops D, E, F occur is the order at the time of registration is determined, and loop E or loop F may appear at the beginning and Loop D can occur as second or third.

The loops D, E, F are included in loop C as a whole. In addition, loop C is included in loop B along with the registration phase. A loop C collecting loop is called loop A. 3 shows a hierarchical structure of loops A to F.

11 shows a process for QoS registration. After the start of registration procedures, AP sends AP signal 401 ( 4A ) to the request whether a time slot is to be reserved for signal transmission or not, ie to accept reservations, to all outstations. This process is called control contention (CC). In response to signal 401 Stations that need to reserve a time slot for transmission transmit a reservation or reservation request (RR) signal 405 ( 4B ). Im in 11 In the example shown, the case where the stations Ta, Tb and Tc are an occupancy request signal is shown 405 and stations Td and Te do not issue an occupancy request signal. The process for accepting an occupancy request is shown in a flowchart in FIG 5 shown.

Access Point AP collects required information from the stations regarding QoS registration to know how much quality is needed for transmission or which system of transmission is needed for a station that has made an allocation request RR. The request information is in the QoS registration request frame 407 ( 4C ) and is transmitted from a station requesting a reservation to the access point AP in response to a poll signal from the access point AP.

Access Point AP plans in what content and in which order a transmission permission is given to the stations Ta, Tb and Tc, which have requested an occupancy. The flowchart of 6 shows the detail of this planning preparation.

When the schedule is determined, the Access Point AP transmits a QoS allocation response frame 417 ( 4D ) for confirmation to stations requesting Ta, Tb and Tc. According to this process, occupancy requesting stations Ta, Tb, Tc recognize whether they have been QoS registered or not. In the QoS phase of loop D ( 10 ) Posting requesting stations Ta, Tb and Tc, respectively, carry out data transmissions assigned based on QoS polls.

13A to 13C explain specific examples of QoS registration in terms of bandwidth. As in 13A For example, in a wireless medium whose usable bandwidth is 24 Mbps, it is assumed that stations Ta and Tc have already been QoS registered and have each been granted a 10 Mbps and 6 Mbps QoS transmission allowance. At this time, the remaining usable bandwidth is 8 Mbps. In 13B Again, station Tb makes an allocation request RR and asks for a 6 Mbps QoS transmission using QoS registration request frames 407 ( 4C ). As a result, Access Point AP performs a QoS registration for station Tb with the allocated bandwidth set to 6 Mbps. The registered contents are in QoS request word frames 417 ( 4D ) and transmitted to station Tb. In such a case, the remaining usable bandwidth is 2 Mbps. 20B shows specific contents of the bandwidth allocation information 419 included in the QoS request word frame 417 is included.

13C Fig. 12 shows a situation when another station Td also requests QoS transmission for 6 Mbps. Since the currently remaining usable bandwidth is 2 Mbps, Access Point AP can not create a plan from the request as such. As a consequence, Access Point AP sends information indicating a non-acceptance (upper column of 13C and parameters 453 from 20A ). As a result, station Td recognizes that it has not been QoS registered.

As an additional method, Access Point AP can provide information that translates the usable bandwidth (in this example 2 Mbps) to the current one indicates a point, together with or instead of the information indicating a non-acceptance. When station Td receives the information indicating a 2 Mbps bandwidth instead of the 6 Mbps request, it recognizes that QoS registration is not allowed at 6 Mbps and currently only 2 Mbps can be used. When a bandwidth of 2 Mbps is accepted for station Td, Td requests a 2 Mbps QoS transmission using QoS registration request frames 407 ( 4C ) at. As a result, Access Point AP allocates a bandwidth of 2 Mbps to station Td and performs a QoS registration (lower column of FIG 13C ).

It should be noted that the expressions of 13A to 13C does not imply that the station Ta is allowed QoS transmission in the first place and that, after the transmission of station Ta has been completed, a QoS transmission from station Tc is allowed, but that these figures schematically show the bandwidth that is to be used is allowed. In fact, the order of QoS transmission of the stations Ta to Td is based on time, etc. As a consequence, transmitted data is transmitted through a medium, with various data from each of the stations Ta to Td being interleaved with each other. This completes the description of a specific example of QoS registration.

• 1. QoS-Registrierung unter Verwendung von Konkurrenzsteuerung (CC) und Belegungsanforderung (RR) (14),
• 2. QoS-Registrierung in der konkurrenzbasierten Datenübermittlungsphase im Fall, dass eine Belegungsanforderung (RR) versagt (15),
• 3. QoS-Registrierung unter Verwendung einer Nicht-QoS-Poll-Anfrage, wenn eine Belegungsanforderung (RR) versagt (16),
• 4. QoS-Registrierung in einer konkurrenzbasierten Datenübermittlungsphase ohne Verwendung von Belegungsanforderung (RR) (17) und
• 5. QoS-Registrierung unter Verwendung einer Nicht-QoS-Poll-Anfrage ohne Verwendung von Belegungsanforderung (RR) (18).

Next, a description will be given of a specific procedure for performing QoS registration. In the present specification, five types of operations are described. More accurate:

• 1. QoS registration using contention control (CC) and allocation request (RR) ( 14 )
• 2. QoS registration in the competition-based data transmission phase in the event that a reservation request (RR) fails ( 15 )
• 3. QoS registration using a non-QoS poll request when an allocation request (RR) fails ( 16 )
• 4. QoS registration in a competition-based data transfer phase without the use of an allocation request (RR) ( 17 ) and
• 5. QoS registration using a non-QoS poll request without using allocation request (RR) ( 18 ).

to Simplification of the description will become the following explanation given, for the case that station Ta is QoS registered. For the description of registration procedures as appropriate to "QoS registration" phase, "QoS delivery" phase, etc. taken. Additionally match the numbers shown in the following brackets are the numbers of five types of operations, which are shown above.

(1) QoS registration using of Competition Control (CC) and Occupancy Request (RR):

14 Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a data transfer when QoS registration is performed using contention control (CC) and reservation request (RR). First, the access point AP executes contention control (CC) in the QoS registration phase to receive one or more stations requesting QoS registration. Station Ta, which desires QoS registration to transmit a data stream to the QoS transmission phase, responds to contention control (CC) and transmits an allocation request (RR) signal to access point AP within the duration of a predetermined contention control interval (eg, a few microseconds ). The contention control interval is divided into slots of a predetermined time length.

The delivery timing the allocation request (RR) signal is shown as follows. Access point AP controls a master clock and each station has a clock, which synchronizes with the master clock. If each station one Slot start time recorded based on their clock, transmitted it the allocation request (RR) signal at the time. As a result From this, Access Point AP can easily determine if a Plurality of occupancy request (RR) signals in a slot or not, when judging received signals according to the slot start time. It should be noted that a small margin for the time to be provided to receive the allocation request (RR) signal. In such a case AP Access AP judges whether it has a plurality of Occupancy Request (RR) signals in a range of a predetermined period from the slot start time receives or not. Access Point AP accepts the request if only an allocation request (RR) signal is received correctly in the time slot, and does not accept the request if a plurality of occupancy request (RR) signals collide and an RR can not be received correctly.

Access Point AP again provides a contention control (CC) phase and transmits a control frame ( 4A ) to each station to notify each station whether the reservation request (RR) has been accepted or not. In control frame 401 is a list 400 of identification numbers for identifying respective stations whose reservation request (RR) has been accepted. Stations can easily and quickly determine if their occupancy request (RR) is accepted or not by putting on control frame 401 To refer to. It should be noted that the competition slot length and the competition slot phase of control frames 401 are set to zero and the allocation request (RR) is not accepted.

In the next QoS transmission phase a state is shown by station Tc, which already has QoS-registered is, QoS data according to QoS-Poll transmitted by Access Point AP.

Next, in the non-QoS delivery phase of a conventional scheme, access point AP executes a non-QoS poll at station Ta based on the previous allocation request (RR). This non-QoS poll means that Access Point AP gives station Ta an opportunity to submit QoS parameters. The QoS parameters mean certain values whose registration is desired and are made using QoS registration request frames 407 from 4C transmitted. The QoS registration request frame 407 may have a minimum assignment time period and a maximum assignment period for poll interval 415 and also contain parameters such as additional bandwidth, maximum data rate and delay limit (wait time).

Station Ta transmits the QoS registration request frame ("QoS Regist." In FIG 14 ) to the AP AP when it receives a non-QoS poll. Access Point AP registers station Ta and the QoS parameters when the request described in the QoS registration request frame is acceptable based on a condition available for the wireless medium, and transmits the QoS request response frame ("QoS response" in FIG 14 ) at station Ta. At this time, the QoS registration of station Ta is completed. Station Ta receives a QoS poll from the next QoS submission phase and can perform a QoS submission.

A description will now be given of the QoS request response frame transmitted to station Ta. 4D Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a QoS request response frame 417 shows. QoS request response frame 417 includes information 418 for identifying an applicable station address, bandwidth allocation information 419 and information 420 indicating the possibility of direct transmission. In bandwidth allocation information 419 A large amount of information regarding the bandwidth given to station Ta is included. 20B is a diagram showing details of bandwidth allocation information 419 shows. Bandwidth allocation information 419 includes a schedule interval 423 , minimum / maximum poll intervals 424 . 425 , minimum / maximum allocation periods 426 . 427 , reserved bandwidth 428 , guaranteed delay limit (limit) 429 , guaranteed jitter limit (border) 430 , guaranteed re-transmission ability 431 , etc. Minimum / Maximum Poll Intervals 424 . 425 denotes the minimum and maximum intervals at which a QoS poll is performed for station Ta. In addition, minimum / maximum allocation times 426 . 427 the minimum and maximum intervals at which a medium can be allocated after a QoS poll is received. These examples are described later as QoS_Regis_Parameter {}.

As described above, the station Ta may receive the QoS registered contents with reference to the bandwidth allocation information 419 experienced in this way. Other stations than station Ta may experience that the QoS phase is currently present, as well as the QoS poll phase area, by monitoring the QoS poll at station Ta.

Next, operations of different types of QoS registration will be described below. In all of these cases, however, the station may frame the QoS-registered contents with reference to QoS request response frames 417 (especially bandwidth allocation information 419 ) to confirm.

(2) QoS registration in the competition-based data delivery phase, in case the occupancy request (RR) fails:

15 Figure 12 shows a data stream when a QoS registration is performed in the contention-based data delivery phase in the event that an allocation request (RR) fails. When a plurality of stations (station Ta and station Tb in the figure) simultaneously transmit an allocation request (RR) in the same slot of the contention control (CC) interval, the access point AP does not accept any of these occupation requests (RR). As a result, station Ta is notified by the second contention control (CC) of the QoS registration phase that the allocation request (RR) has failed and realizes that the allocation request (RR) has not been accepted.

In the next contention-based data delivery phase, station Ta then transmits a QoS registration request frame ("QoS-Regist." 15 ) directly to Access Point AP. Access Point AP analyzes the QoS parameters described in the frame and requested by the station Ta and determines whether the request is acceptable or not based on an available state for the wireless medium. If the request is acceptable, Access Point AP station registers Ta and the QoS parameters and transmits a QoS request response frame to station Ta. At this time, the QoS registration is for station Ta completed. Station Ta receives a QoS poll and gets permission to perform a QoS transmission.

(3) QoS registration using a non-QoS poll request when an allocation request (RR) failed:

16 FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a data transfer when QoS registration is performed using a non-QoS poll request when an allocation request (RR) fails. As in operation (2), the case where station Ta recognizes in the second contention control (CC) of the QoS registration phase that a reservation request (RR) has failed is discussed. Station Ta submits a request for a non-QoS poll ("poll request" in 16 ) in the subsequent competition-based transmission phase.

Access Point AP then executes a non-QoS poll for station Ta in the following non-QoS transmission phase and gives station Ta an opportunity for non-QoS data transmission. Station Ta transmits a QoS registration request frame ("QoS register" of 16 ) to Access Point AP based on the non-QoS poll. Access point AP receiving the QoS registration request frame performs the same processing as described in operation (2), and when the request is acceptable based on a state available for the wireless medium, access point AP registers station Ta and the QoS parameters and transmits a QoS request response frame to station Ta. After station Ta is registered, station Ta can perform a QoS transmission in accordance with receipt of a QoS poll from the next QoS transmission phase.

(4) QoS registration in a competition-based data delivery phase without using occupancy request (RR):

17 FIG. 12 is a diagram indicating a data transfer when a QoS registration is performed only within a contention-based transmission phase. FIG. The difference from operation (2) is that operation (2) is applied when an allocation request (RR) fails, while operation (4) does not have to provide a contention control (CC) phase and it does not matter if an allocation request (RR) fails or not.

Station Ta transmits a QoS registration request frame ("QoS Regist." In FIG 17 ) directly to Access Point AP. Access point AP receiving the QoS registration request frame performs the same processing as described for operation (2). If the request is acceptable based on a condition available to the wireless medium, Access Point AP registers station Ta according to the QoS parameters and transmits a QoS request response frame to station Ta. After station Ta is registered, station Ta can transmit QoS according to to receive a QoS poll from the next QoS submission phase.

(5) QoS registration using a non-QoS poll request without using an allocation request (RR):

18 FIG. 12 is a diagram indicating data transfer when performing QoS registration using a non-QoS poll request. FIG. The difference from the above-mentioned process (3) is that process (3) is a process provided when an allocation request (RR) fails, while process (5) does not necessarily provide a contention control (CC) phase and It does not matter if a reservation request (RR) fails or not.

First, station Ta sends a request for a non-QoS poll ("POll request" in FIG 16 ) directly to Access Point AP.

Then, in the next non-QoS transmission phase, Access Point AP executes a non-QoS poll for station Ta and gives station Ta an opportunity to communicate the non-QoS type. Station Ta transmits a QoS registration request frame ("QoS Regist." In FIG 18 ) based on the non-QoS poll at access point AP. Access Point AP that has received the QoS registration request frame performs the same processing as described for Operation (2), and when the request is acceptable based on a state available for the wireless medium, Access Point AP Station Ta and the QoS parameters and transmits the QoS request response frame to station Ta. After station Ta is registered, station Ta can perform a QoS transmission in accordance with receipt of a QoS poll from the next QoS transmission phase.

Five types of operations to run QoS registration has been explained.

In the five types of operations described above, station Ta is provided with the QoS registration and its specific contents according to QoS request response frames 417 to recognize. In this scheme, however, there are cases where problems may be caused in the event that station Ta hopes to immediately recognize whether a QoS registration has been accepted or not. The reason this is because it takes some time to generate the information since the computational burden of the bandwidth allocation information ( 423 to 431 ) is extremely high. As in 19 Therefore, in the non-QoS phase of a conventional media allocation scheme, the access point AP can first provide information 435 ( 20A ) transmitting only a permission / denial of QoS registration to station Ta by including within the QoS request response frame. In such a case, there is no bandwidth allocation information in the QoS request response frame 419 contain. Then Access Point AP can allocate bandwidth information 419 at station Ta after a content of the bandwidth allocation information 419 was completely calculated. It is possible to divide the content of a QoS request response frame in this way.

each Element and every operation that useful for understanding of the present invention will be fully described below.

• – Ein „Paket" ist eine abgeschlossene Einheit von Daten in irgendeinem möglichen Format, das auf einem Datennetz geliefert werden könnte.
• – Der Begriff „Ressource" bezieht sich im Wesentlichen auf Zeit, die zur Verwendung eines geteilten drahtlosen Kanals verfügbar ist.
• – Der Begriff „WM" bezieht sich auf das drahtlose Medium („Wireless Medium").
• – Der Begriff „QoS" bezieht sich auf Dienstgüte („Quality Of Service").
• – Der Begriff „MAC" bezieht sich auf einen Medienzugangscontroller („Medium Access Controller").

In this section, a device for controlling network resources in Layer 2 of the OSI model applied to the wireless network is disclosed. To help simplify the understanding of the invention, the following definitions are used:

• A "packet" is a self-contained unit of data in any format that could be delivered on a data network.
• The term "resource" essentially refers to the time available to use a shared wireless channel.
• - The term "WM" refers to the wireless medium ("wireless medium").
• - The term "QoS" refers to quality of service.
• - The term "MAC" refers to a media access controller.

In The following description will be given for the purpose of explanation specific numbers, times, structures and other parameters run to a thorough understanding to enable the present invention. Give the following paragraphs an example for, how the invention can be realized. It will, however, be for everyone It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is without these specific details can be executed.

1 Figure 4 shows an overall diagram of the device for scheduling access to the WM via the media access controller marked as ( 111 ). The media access controller has a set of standardized interfaces, protocols, and data formats that enable media access. Both control and raw data that must be transmitted through the physical layer must pass through the MAC. The MAC will then send the data to the physical layer and they will reach their final destination through the WM. To set up a data connection for control messages sent to the service access point as with characters ( 102 ), these connection request messages are sent by the connection service interface ( 106 ) intercepted. At the connection service interface ( 106 ) decisions are made as to whether the management or control messages should need connection-oriented links to the final destination. When control or management messages need to establish a long-term persistent connection, the connection service interface redirects the management and control messages to be processed by units that execute the management frame or access the MAC through the ( 105 redirect designated data route. Control messages generated by the route ( 105 ) may also be control messages sent from upper layers on an ad hoc basis. Data streams flowing on route ( 104 ) and ( 105 ), do not have a rigid media access time, and are essentially dependent on the MAC layer to obtain a delivery time from the WM.

Data streams coming from the data path ( 112 ), represent a data transmission that is highly coordinated in the manner in which the MAC receives the wireless medium at a specific time interval. The source of data streams flowing over route ( 112 ) are data streams that are time-sensitive and that require a connection-oriented connection service with a specific destination. These data streams are sent to the service dispatcher ( 107 ) from the connection service interface based on the connection request message from ( 102 ). In the service dispatcher, the tasks performed include the service level for supporting different data streams. It also maintains a set of data connections that are currently active and non-active so that the service dispatcher can signal for access of a medium. In the connection resource mapper ( 108 ), the allocation is based on the priority and available resource that the media access slot allocator can obtain from the WM. The media access slot dispatcher will provide and manage the timing information for each wireless media access based on the data stream requests. The time intervals for all wireless media accesses are determined by the media access slot allocator ( 109 ) controlled. The detailed implementation of the media access slot arbiter, which allows a mechanism to reach a predetermined QoS level, is disclosed in US Pat 2 shown.

• QoS_Regis_Parameter { /* Maximale Bandbreite, die von dem registrierten Datenstrom benötigt wird */ INTEGER Maximum_Bandwidth; /* Mittlere Bandbreite, die von dem registrierten Datenstrom benötigt wird */ INTEGER Average_Bandwidth; /* Minimale Bandbreite, die von dem registrierten Datenstrom benötigt wird */ INTEGER Minimum_Bandwidth; /* Maximale Latenz, der der Datenstrom standhalten kann */ INTEGER Maximum_Latency; /* Mittlere Latenz, der der Datenstrom standhalten kann */ INTEGER Average_Latency; /* Maximaler erlaubbarer Jitter, dem der Datenstrom standhalten kann */ INTEGER Maximum_Jitter; /* Mittlerer erlaubbarer Jitter, dem der Datenstrom standhalten kann */ INTEGER Average_Jitter; /* Maximalzeit des Maximal-Burst der Bandbreite, die erlaubbar ist */ INTEGER Time_MAXBandwidth; /* Maximalzeit für Latenz, die erlaubbar ist */ INTEGER Time_MAXLatency; /* Fluktuation der erlaubbaren Latenz */ INTEGER Fluctuation_Time_Latency; /* Datenpaketgröße */ INTEGER data_packet_size; /* Minimales benötigtes Intervall zwischen zwei Medienzuweisungen */ INTEGER Min-dedication_Interval /* Maximal benötigtes Intervall zwischen zwei Medienzuweisungen */ INTEGER Max_dedication_Interval /* Zusätzliche Bandbreite, die für Wiederübermittlung und Nicht-Dateninformation wie Präambel, Protokoll-Overhead usw. benötigt wird */ INTEGER Extra_bandwidth /* Größe eines Datenpakets */ INTEGER data_packet size }

2 shows a means used by a wireless media coordinator to provide QoS. Reference will also be made to the details of the operations of the QoS enabling wireless media coordinator 3 taken. The operations, which include four subtasks, such as QoS request enrollment and scheduling ( 201 ), QoS Media Allocation ( 202 ), conventional media allocation ( 203 ) and contention-based media access mechanism ( 204 ) are executed by the wireless media coordinator in a repeating manner. QoS request registration and planning ( 201 ) and QoS media allocation ( 202 ) are operations to provide QoS services in the wireless medium. To register for a QoS service, the following parameter can be used for registration purposes, as shown in the QoS_Regis_Parameter structure.

• QoS_Regis_Parameter {/ * Maximum bandwidth required by the registered stream * / INTEGER Maximum_Bandwidth; / * Medium bandwidth required by the registered stream * / INTEGER Average_Bandwidth; / * Minimum bandwidth required by the registered stream * / INTEGER Minimum_Bandwidth; / * Maximum latency that the data stream can withstand * / INTEGER Maximum_Latency; / * Medium latency that the data stream can withstand * / INTEGER Average_Latency; / * Maximum allowable jitter that the data stream can withstand * / INTEGER Maximum_Jitter; / * Medium allowable jitter that the data stream can withstand * / INTEGER Average_Jitter; / * Maximum time of the maximum burst of bandwidth that is allowed * / INTEGER Time_MAXBandwidth; / * Maximum latency time that is allowed * / INTEGER Time_MAXLatency; / * Fluctuation of allowable latency * / INTEGER Fluctuation_Time_Latency; / * Data packet size * / INTEGER data_packet_size; / * Minimum required interval between two media assignments * / INTEGER Min-dedication_Interval / * Maximum required interval between two media assignments * / INTEGER Max_dedication_Interval / * Additional bandwidth needed for retransmission and non-data information such as preamble, protocol overhead, etc. * / INTEGER extra_bandwidth / * size of a data packet * / INTEGER data_packet size}

3 shows the relationship of the above-mentioned four subtasks in detail. The phase for loop A ( 301 ) is determined by any predetermined time interval. This predetermined time interval may be based on the capabilities of the wireless network node or is dependent on the type of real-time data that the network nodes must provide. It should be noted that "network node" stands for the stations and / or the access point, the number of times within loop A ( 301 ) the QoS request registration and planning ( 201 ) Subroutine, and also the interval for loop B ( 302 ) are determined by the predefined time interval. QoS request registration and planning ( 201 ) is repeated only once within each iteration of loop B ( 302 ) which at least once within each repetition of loop A ( 301 ) repeated. Within each repetition of loop C ( 303 ), the three subtasks, QoS Media Allocation ( 202 ), conventional media allocation ( 203 ) and contention-based media access mechanism ( 204 ), in any order. A sequence ( 307 ) is considered valid if it contains at least one of these three subtasks. Loop C repeats at least once within each loop B repeat.

During a QoS request registration and planning ( 201 ) the wireless media coordinator sends a control frame ( 401 ) to initiate a controlled competition. Controlled contention is an effective mechanism for which a random wait time, such as in a CSMA / CA mechanism, is not needed to resolve a collision within an allocated slot, and stations can immediately compete for the next-most slot. It should be noted that the term "random backoff" refers to a mechanism in which, when a station detects its wireless channel is in use, the station waits for the period of time that is based on a random processing theory is determined until the station performs a next acquisition. The control framework ( 401 ) contains the following fields, such as criteria code ( 402 ), Contention slot length ( 403 ) and contention slot duration ( 404 ). The criteria code field ( 402 ) is used by the media coordinator to determine in the form of coding criteria that must be met by wireless station receivers to qualify for competing in the allocated slots. The contention slot length field ( 403 ) determines the number of fixed-duration slots allocated by the media coordinator. The Contention Slot Duration ( 404 ) Field indicates the duration of each individual slot. It is usually set to the amount of time needed by a receiver to provide a response frame ( 405 ) after receiving the control frame ( 401 ) back to the media coordinator. A response frame consists of a media allocation request period ( 406 ) indicating the duration of the media allocation that the station has to transmit a QoS registration request frame ( 407 ) needed. A QoS registration request frame ( 407 ) contains fields for filling all values in the structure QoS_Regis_Parameter, as mentioned above.

• 1. Wähle einen Wahrscheinlichkeitswert, pr (501), wie beispielsweise 1/Konkurrenz-Länge (403).
• 2. Durchführender folgenden Schritte, bis der zu übermittelnde Slot bestimmt ist oder bis es nicht gelingt, einen Slot zur Übermittlung zu bestimmen, nachdem alle zugeteilten Slots betrachtet wurden. a. Erhalte eine Zufallszahl (502) b. Spring aus der Schleife und gehe zu Schritt 3, wenn die Zufallszahl nicht größer als pr ist. c. Regeneriere einen neuen pr-Wert, der eine höhere Chance aufweist, um eine Zufallszahl nicht größer als pr sein zu lassen (504).
• 3. Die Anzahl von Malen, die die Station in Schritt 2 innerhalb der derzeitigen Runde eine Zufallszahl wählt, die größer als pr ist, wie dies durch einen Zähler (506) angezeigt wird, ist die Anzahl von zugeteilten Slots, die zu überspringen sind, bevor übermittelt wird (503).

A response frame ( 405 ) is transmitted only if a station wants to register with a media coordinator and also the criteria as specified by the criteria code ( 402 ) and successfully completes a slot after a done operation in 5 has selected. A wireless station that meets the criteria specified in the Criteria Code field can select each slot within the allocated slot according to its own decision to submit. The selection goal is to minimize a possibility of collision with another station to achieve a higher utilization efficiency of the allocated slots. 5 shows a method for making such a decision:

• 1. Choose a probability value, pr ( 501 ), such as 1 / competition length ( 403 ).
• 2. Performing the following steps until the slot to be transmitted is determined or until it fails to determine a slot for transmission after all allocated slots have been considered. a. Get a random number ( 502 b. Jump out of the loop and go to step 3 if the random number is not greater than pr. c. Regenerate a new pr value that has a higher chance to make a random number no larger than pr ( 504 ).
• 3. The number of times the station selects a random number greater than pr in step 2 within the current round, as indicated by a counter ( 506 ) is displayed, the number of allocated slots to be skipped before being transmitted ( 503 ).

The following is a method used by a wireless media coordinator to set a value for a contention slot length ( 403 ) indicating a number of slots intended for RR reception to achieve a higher utilization efficiency of the allocated slots:
The media coordinator initiating a controlled contention uses a predefined value as a starting value for the contention slot length field ( 403 ). A following value of the contention slot length ( 403 ) is determined by reference to the efficiency of use and the number of slots that have experienced a collision during the previous controlled competition. Thus, decreasing the contention slot length occurs when a certain degree of no transmission is experienced in the previous controlled contention, or increasing the contention slot length when experiencing a certain degree of collision occurs in the previous controlled contention ,

After the phase of contention control (CC) expires, the media coordinator of a single station will allow its response frame ( 405 ), the requested duration of the media allocation, so that QoS request frames ( 407 ) can be transmitted to the media coordinator without them going through any competition or collision, allowing greater opportunities to successfully deliver the frame and reach the goal in time. Traffic requirements as defined by fields in the QoS request frame ( 407 ) are converted into input parameters to the scheduler. The functionality of the scheduler is to provide a media allocation plan for all accepted traffic requests so that their respective requirements can be assured.

• i. Wenn eine QoS-Belegungsanforderungliste nicht leer ist, entferne eine Anfrage zur Verarbeitung (601), ansonsten gehe zu Schritt v.
• ii. Übertrage die Anfrageanforderungen in Eingabeparameter (602), die benötigt werden, die Zahl von Medienzuweisungen für diese Anfrage zu berechnen, Ni (603). a. Berechne die Gesamtdauer, die benötigt wird, ein Paket zu übermitteln, das eine Datengröße = nominelle MSDU-Größe (410) enthält. Speichere diesen Wert in Variable Di. b. Berechne die tatsächliche Bandbreite, die für die Verkehrsübermittlung benötigt wird. c. Berechne die Gesamtdauer der Medienzuweisung, die für die Verkehrsübermittlung benötigt wird, um einen tatsächlichen Bandbreitenbedarf innerhalb einer Phase von Schleife A zu erhalten. Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, Ti. d. Berechne das Verhältnis der Dauer von Schleife A gegenüber Ti (d. h. (Dauer von Schleife A)/Ti). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, Ri.
• iii. Füge die aus Schritt ii erhaltenen Parameter mit der Anfrage zusammen und speichere sie in der Anfrageliste, wenn die verfügbare Bandbreite geringer als angefordert ist (604).
• iv. Gehe zu Schritt i.
• v. Sortiere die Anfrageliste unter Verwendung der Anfragepriorität und Ni (605).

6 Fig. 3 shows the operation for translating QoS allocation requests into a request list, which is provided as an input to the planner (Fig. 606 ) is used to generate a media allocation plan. The following is the explanation for the procedure:

• i. If a QoS allocation request list is not empty, remove a request for processing ( 601 ), otherwise go to step v.
• ii. Transfer the request requests to input parameters ( 602 ) needed to calculate the number of media allocations for this request, Ni ( 603 ). a. Calculate the total time required to submit a packet that has a data size = nominal MSDU size ( 410 ) contains. Save this value in Variable Di. b. Calculate the actual bandwidth needed for the traffic. c. Calculate the total amount of media allocation needed for the traffic to obtain an actual bandwidth requirement within a phase of Loop A. Store this value in a variable, Ti. D. Calculate the ratio of the duration of loop A to Ti (ie (duration of loop A) / Ti). Store this value in a variable, Ri.
• iii. Merge the parameters obtained from step ii with the query and save them in the request list if the available bandwidth is less than requested ( 604 ).
• iv. Go to step i.
• v. Sort the request list using the request priority and Ni ( 605 ).

• i. Reduzieren des Wertes Ni auf ein Minimum durch Verbinden mehrerer aufeinander folgender Medienzuweisungen in eine einzelne Medienzuweisung mit längerer Dauer (701). Es kann von dem längsten Dauerwert gestartet werden, der nicht die folgenden Beschränkungen verletzt, die hiermit Constraint_List_A genannt werden: a. Die Dauer ist nicht länger als (Poll-Intervall/Ri) oder b. Die gesamten Daten, die innerhalb eines Poll-Intervalls übermittelt werden, sind nicht größer als die maximale Burst-Größe.
• ii. Erzeuge einen Plan auf Basis der Ausgabe von Schritt i (702).
• iii. Für den Fall, dass eine Medienzuweisung für eine derzeitige Verkehrsanfrage, hiermit als Medium_Dedication_A bezeichnet, mit einer anderen geplanten Medienzuweisung kollidiert, die hiermit als Medium_Dedication_B bezeichnet wird, wird während des Planens der folgende Vorgang durchgeführt: a. Berechne die benötigten Parameter (703): 1. Erhalte die Dauer von Medium_Dedication_A (801). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, a. 2. Erhalte die Dauer von Medium_Dedication_B (802). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, b. 3. Erhalte das Intervall zwischen einer jeden Medienzuweisung des derzeitigen Plans (803). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, c. 4. Berechne die Dauer von Medium_Dedication_A, in der nicht kollidiert wird (804). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, d. 5. Setze d auf null, wenn die Kollision nicht am Beginn Medium_Dedication_A beginnt. 6. Berechne die Dauer von Medium_Dedication_A, die kollidiert (805). Speichere diesen Wert in einer Variablen, e. b. Wenn d nicht gleich null und b < (d·c/a – d), spalte Medium_Dedication_A in einige kleinere Medienzuweisungen mit einem Abstand gleich (d·c/a – d) auf (704). c. Verschiebe andernfalls die originale Startzeit von Medium_Dedication_A nach Medium_Dedication_B (706). Wenn dieser Vorgang Constraint_List_A verletzt, wird diese Anfrage zurückgewiesen und aus dem Plan entfernt.
• d. Kombiniere Medium_Dedication_A und Medium_Dedication_B (705).

12 Fig. 12 shows the flow of operations performed by the scheduler to generate a media allocation plan based on a request list:
For every request in the request list, i:

• i. Minimize Ni by merging multiple consecutive media allocations into a single longer-duration media allocation ( 701 ). It can be started from the longest duration value, which does not violate the following restrictions, which are called Constraint_List_A: a. The duration is not longer than (Poll Interval / Ri) or b. The total data transmitted within a poll interval is not greater than the maximum burst size.
• ii. Create a plan based on the output of step i ( 702 ).
• iii. In the event that a media allocation for a current traffic request, hereby referred to as Medium_Dedication_A, conflicts with another scheduled media allocation, which is hereby referred to as Medium_Dedication_B, the following action is taken during scheduling: a. Calculate the required parameters ( 703 ): 1. Get the duration of Medium_Dedication_A ( 801 ). Store this value in a variable, a. 2. Get the duration of Medium_Dedication_B ( 802 ). Store this value in a variable, b. 3. Get the interval between each media allocation of the current plan ( 803 ). Store this value in a variable, c. 4. Compute the duration of Medium_Dedication_A in which there is no collision ( 804 ). Store this value in a variable, i. 5. Set d to zero if the collision does not start at the beginning of Medium_Dedication_A. 6. Compute the duration of Medium_Dedication_A that collides ( 805 ). Store this value in a variable, eb If d is not equal to zero and b <(d · c / a - d), split Medium_Dedication_A into some smaller media allocations with a distance equal to (d · c / a - d) ( 704 ). c. Otherwise, move the original start time from Medium_Dedication_A to Medium_Dedication_B ( 706 ). If this operation violates Constraint_List_A, this request is rejected and removed from the plan.
• d. Combine Medium_Dedication_A and Medium_Dedication_B ( 705 ).

If the request is acceptable as a result of the scheduling, the wireless media coordinator responds by returning the QoS request response frame (FIG. 417 ) to a requesting station. The QoS request response frame ( 417 ) contains a station address ( 418 ), Information indicating an acceptance or rejection ( 435 from 20A ) and a possibility of direct transmission ( 420 ).

As the QoS response, the media coordinator sends a QoS response frame ( 417 ) indicating acceptance / rejection and a bandwidth allocation information frame ( 421 ), which displays scheduling results, to STA for which QoS registration was successfully completed. Not only does the media coordinator need little time to assess whether QoS registration can be accepted by stations or not. However, for bandwidth allocation information ( 423 - 431 ), it is believed that a certain amount of time would be needed because the generation of such information provides for an extremely high computational load. Therefore, as in 19 is a QoS request response frame (FIG. 417 ) is divided into two types of frames, ie a frame containing information 435 for indicating acceptance / rejection, and a frame for specifying specific bandwidth allocation information ( 419 ), which, as in 20A shown to be answered separately to the station. In particular, a QoS response frame ( 417 ) indicating acceptance / rejection of the reception is transmitted quickly, and then the bandwidth allocation information frame ( 421 ), which requires time to generate, transmitted. According to this configuration, the station can learn acceptance or rejection of QoS registration even in the case where the media coordinator lacks information processing capacity and quickly moves to the next processing.

If the result from the scheduler indicates that the request is acceptable, the wireless media coordinator responds by sending a QoS request response frame (FIG. 417 ) back to the requesting station. A QoS request response frame ( 417 ) contains a station address ( 418 ), an information indicating an acceptance or not ( 419 ) and information that provides a means of direct transmission ( 420 ) indicates.

In the sub-task to the conventional Media allocation becomes a wireless media coordinator media access duration for wireless Stations based on information or requests collected were assigned, and network state observation.

In the competition-based subtask, each wireless station competes for the medium based on standard operations and the winner, the medium will have for a complete sequence of frame exchanges or for a certain period of time, which is minimal.

• i. Eine Verbindungsdienstschnittstelle ist ein funktionaler Block, der Netzverbindungsanfragen oberer Layer abfängt, mit geeigneten Zuteilungen antwortet und die zugeteilten Dienstparameter erzeugt;
• ii. Ein Verbindungsressourcenzuordner sorgt für ein Zuordnen von Netzzugangsanfragen, die von dem Dienst-Access-Point der Medienzugangskontrolle mit den Parametern empfangen wurden, die in der Medienzugangssteuerung verwendet werden, die einen Medienzugriff erlaubt;
• iii. Ein Dienstzuteiler sorgt für eine Zuteilung von verfügbarer und gesteuerter Netzressource, einschließlich von Zugriffszeit und Übermittlungsgeschwindigkeit, auf Basis der empfangenen Verbindungsanfrage; und
• iv. Ein Medienzugriffs-Slot-Zuteiler sorgt für ein Planen der Verbindungsanfragen und der Datenlieferanforderungen, die benötigt werden, um das gewünschte Dienstniveau zu erreichen.

In addition to the above-mentioned examples of the present invention, other exemplary aspects within the scope of the present invention are possible as follows:
As a first aspect, it is possible to realize a device that coordinates resource and wireless resource allocations based on resource requests received from the network protocol layer service access points that control media access to the wireless medium, which comprises the following functional units:

• i. A link service interface is a functional block that intercepts top layer network connection requests, responds with appropriate allocations, and generates the assigned service parameters;
• ii. A connection resource mapper allocates network access requests received from the media access control service access point with the parameters used in the media access control allowing media access;
• iii. A dispatcher provides for allocation of available and controlled network resource, including access time and transmission speed, based on the received connection request; and
• iv. A media access slot dispatcher schedules the connection requests and data delivery requests needed to achieve the desired level of service.

In In the first aspect, a delivery service may be that of upper network layers is requested by specifying through a single media access layer the type of connection required and allowing the data stream to request two types of delivery services, (i) connection-oriented and (ii) connectionless-oriented.

• i. Parameter oder Angaben zur mittleren Bandbreite, ausgedrückt in Anzahl von Bits pro Sekunde;
• ii. Parameter oder Angaben zur mittleren Bandbreite, ausgedrückt in drahtloser Medienzeit, die benötigt wird, in Zeiteinheiten über ein festgelegtes Abschnittsintervall;
• iii. Parameter oder Angaben zur mittleren Latenz zwischen Datenpaketen zwischen einem Sender und Empfänger, gemessen am Medienzugriffspunkt in Zeiteinheiten;
• iv. Parameter oder Angaben zum mittleren Jitter zwischen Zwischenankünften von Datenpaketen, gemessen am Medienzugriffspunkt des Empfängers in Zeiteinheiten;
• v. Parameter oder Angaben zur maximalen Bandbreite, ausgedrückt in Anzahl von Bits pro Sekunde;
• vi. Parameter oder Angaben zur maximalen Bandbreite, ausgedrückt in drahtloser Medienzeit, die benötigt wird, in Zeiteinheiten über ein festgelegtes Abschnittsintervall;
• vii. Parameter oder Angaben zur maximalen Latenz zwischen Datenpaketen zwischen Transmitter und Empfänger, gemessen am Medienzugriffspunkt in Zeiteinheiten;
• viii. Parameter oder Angaben zum maximalen erlaubbaren Jitter zwischen Zwischenankünften von Datenpaketen, gemessen am Medienzugriffspunkt am Empfänger in Zeiteinheiten;
• ix. Parameter oder Angaben zum minimalen Poll-Intervall in Zeiteinheiten;
• x. Parameter oder Angaben zum maximalen Poll-Intervall in Zeiteinheiten;
• xi. Parameter oder Angaben zur zusätzlichen Bandbreite, die benötigt wird, um Bandbreiteverluste infolge von Wiederübermittlung, Präambel und Protokoll-Overhead zu meistern; und
• xii. Die Größe von Datenpaketen innerhalb eines jeden Übermittlungs-Bursts, wobei jeder Burst aus einem einzelnen oder einer Mehrzahl von Datenpaketen besteht.

As a second aspect, it is possible to implement a means for emulating a connection oriented in a wireless media access network by first registering a data stream sent with the media access controller based on the required service level, which includes the following basic parameters:

• i. Parameters or indications of the mean bandwidth, expressed in number of bits per second;
• ii. Parameters or indications of the mean bandwidth, expressed in wireless media time, required in units of time over a specified interval of intervals;
• iii. Parameters or indications of the average latency between data packets between a sender and receiver, measured at the media access point in time units;
• iv. Parameters or indications of the mean jitter between intermediate arrivals of data packets, measured at the media access point of the receiver in time units;
• v. Parameter or maximum bandwidth information expressed in number of bits per second;
• vi. Parameters or maximum bandwidth information expressed in wireless media time required in units of time over a specified interval of intervals;
• vii. Parameters or maximum latency data between transmitters and receivers measured at the media access point in units of time;
• viii. Parameters or indications of the maximum allowable jitter between intermediate arrivals of data packets, measured at the media access point at the receiver in units of time;
• ix. Parameters or details of the minimum poll interval in time units;
• x. Parameters or information on the maximum poll interval in time units;
• xi. Additional bandwidth parameters or information needed to handle bandwidth loss due to retransmission, preamble, and protocol overhead; and
• xii. The size of data packets within each transmit burst, each burst consisting of a single or a plurality of data packets.

When a third aspect is it possible a means for to realize a network node to a wireless medium Basis of the quality of service level to allocate for delivering or receiving a data stream and from the wireless medium is required by a variable Length of a time slot in a periodic and non-periodic way, so that the service level of the data stream is based on the service level parameters can be reached, received from any station or unit which are the quality of service level requests.

• i. Steuerdatenströme, die für Signale, Netzverwaltung und kritische Daten verantwortlich sind;
• ii. Benutzerdatenströme zum Transportieren von Echtzeitinformationen, die als ein Ergebnis von Netzressourcen-Reservierungen zugewiesen sind, die erfolgreich über die (i) transportierten Steuerströme verhandelt sind;
• iii. Benutzerdatenströme, die nicht eine Dienstgüte-Reservierung benötigen; und
• iv. Benutzerdatenströme, denen keine Medienzugriffszeit als ein Ergebnis von vollständigen Zuteilungen (i), (ii) und (iii) zugeteilt sind.

As a fourth aspect, it is possible to provide a means for pre-allocating media access time to ensure a deterministic media access time and delivery time for the following types of data stream transmissions:

• i. Control data streams responsible for signals, network management and critical data;
• ii. User data streams for transporting real-time information assigned as a result of network resource reservations who are successfully negotiating the (i) transported control flows;
• iii. User data streams that do not require a quality of service reservation; and
• iv. User data streams that are not allocated media access time as a result of complete allocations (i), (ii), and (iii).

When a fifth Aspect it is possible a means of enabling a dynamic allocation of time to perform QoS registrations of data streams with a quality of service to realize that is determined by parameters such as those in the second aspect are described, and for planning a planned Quality of service wireless media access, planned wireless media access for unregistered data streams and streaming competition for wireless Media access by predetermining time limits for each of wireless media access modes.

• i. Zuteilen einer Anzahl von 0,5 N Medienzugriffszeit-Slots zur Dienstgütedatenstromregistrierung in der Initialphase, wobei N die Gesamtzahl von registrierten drahtlosen Stationen ist, die durch den zentralen drahtlosen Medienzugriffscontroller gesteuert werden;
• ii. Zuteilen von zusätzlichen Medienzugriffszeit-Slots auf Basis der Anzahl von erfassten Kollisionen, durch Erhöhen der Anzahl der Medienzugriffszeit-Slot-Reservierungslänge um zweimal der Anzahl an Slots, für die eine Kollision erfasst wurde; und
• iii. Im Fall, dass keine Kollisions-Slots erfasst werden, Verringern der derzeitigen Anzahl von Medienzugriffszeit-Slot-Reservierungslängen durch Reduzieren der vorherigen zugeteilten Anzahl von Zeit-Slots um M/2, wobei M die Anzahl von unbenutzten Zeit-Slots im vorherigen Rahmen ist.

As a sixth aspect, it is possible to implement a method for competing for service-of-service registration over the wireless medium so that registration may be made by a central wireless media access controller. The method comprises the steps:

• i. Allocating a number of 0.5 N medium service data stream registration media access slot slots in the initial phase, where N is the total number of registered wireless stations controlled by the central wireless media access controller;
• ii. Allocating additional media access time slots based on the number of detected collisions by increasing the number of media access slot retention lengths by two times the number of slots for which a collision was detected; and
• iii. In the event that no collision slots are detected, decreasing the current number of media access time slot reservation lengths by reducing the previous allocated number of time slots by M / 2, where M is the number of unused time slots in the previous frame.

• Eine QoS-Anfrageregistrierung von Datenströmen auf Basis eines Dienstniveaus, das unter Verwendung von Parametern angefragt wird, die in dem zweiten Aspekt beschrieben sind und ein Planen von Zeit zur Übermittlung der Datenströme, die registriert oder zugelassen sind;
• ii. Eine QoS-Medienzuweisung, wobei die Übermittlungszeit, die für die registrierten Ströme zugeteilt ist, auf den angefragten Parametern basiert, wie sie in dem zweiten Aspekt für den Strom an dem zentralen Controller beschrieben sind;
• iii. Eine herkömmliche Medienzuweisung, wobei die Übermittlungszeit für drahtlose Stationen in dem drahtlosen Netz zur Datenübermittlung vorbestimmt und zugewiesen ist; und
• iv. Ein Konkurrenzbasismedienzugriffsmechanismus, wobei es der Station in dem drahtlosen Netz überlassen ist, die Übermittlungszeit zu initiieren.

As a seventh aspect, it is possible to implement a means for dividing a wireless medium into several phases to improve the quality of service for operating real-time applications, while at the same time serving non-real-time applications as well. These phases are:

• QoS request registration of data streams based on a service level that is requested using parameters described in the second aspect and scheduling time to transmit the data streams that are registered or allowed;
• ii. A QoS media allocation, wherein the transmission time allocated for the registered streams is based on the requested parameters as described in the second aspect for the stream on the central controller;
• iii. A conventional media allocation, wherein the transmission time for wireless stations in the wireless network for data transmission is predetermined and assigned; and
• iv. A contention base media access mechanism wherein it is up to the station in the wireless network to initiate the delivery time.

In In the seventh aspect, the phases become repetitive Way, wherein each repetition is an occurrence of a QoS request registration and planning phase and multiple occurrence of ii, iii and iv phases, wherein a valid Sequence consists of at least one of the three phases mentioned.

• i. Eine gesteuerte Konkurrenz ist für drahtlose Stationen erlaubbar, die vorsehen, Belegungsanforderungen zu senden, um eine Dauer einer benötigten Medienzuweisung anzuzeigen; und
• ii. Ein drahtloser Koordinator teilt eine Medienzuweisung wie von drahtlosen Stationen angefragt zu, damit diese eine Belegungsanforderung übermitteln können, so dass die Belegungsanforderung den drahtlosen Koordinator in einer zeitgebunden Weise erreichen kann.

As an eighth aspect, it is possible to realize a QoS request registration and scheduling phase including the following:

• i. Controlled contention is allowable for wireless stations that provide to send allocation requests to indicate a duration of a required media allocation; and
• ii. A wireless coordinator allocates a media assignment as requested by wireless stations to allow them to communicate an allocation request so that the allocation request can reach the wireless coordinator in a time-bound manner.

• i. Wähle einen Wert, 1/N, wobei N gleich einer beliebigen Konkurrenz-Slot-Länge ist;
• ii. Bestimmen einer neuen Zufallszahl, bis eine erfolgreiche Übermittlung erreicht werden kann; und
• iii. Die Anzahl von Malen, die die Station eine Zufallszahl wählt, die größer als 1/N in Schritt ii innerhalb der derzeitigen Runde ist, ist die Anzahl von zugeteilten Slots, die vor einem Übermitteln zu überspringen sind.

As a ninth aspect, it is possible to realize a method for avoiding competition by selecting a slot during a controlled competition, with the following steps:

• i. Choose a value, 1 / N, where N equals any contention slot length;
• ii. Determining a new random number until a successful transmission can be achieved; and
• iii. The number of times the station selects a random number greater than 1 / N in step ii within the current round is the number of slots allocated to be skipped before transmission.

• i. Erhalte eine Wahrscheinlichkeit Pr = 1/N, wobei N gleich einer beliebigen Konkurrenz-Slot-Länge ist;
• ii. Erhalte eine Zufallszahl;
• iii. Wenn die Zufallszahl nicht größer als die Wahrscheinlichkeit Pr ist, die in Schritt i erhalten wurde, führe den obigen Teil (iii) des neunten Aspekts aus; und
• iv. Regeneriere einen neuen Pr-Wert, der eine höhere Chance aufweist, eine Zufallszahl nicht größer sein zu lassen, als der Pr-Wert von Schritt (iii).

In the ninth aspect, the method for determining the success of transmission within slot part (ii) comprises the following steps:

• i. Obtain a probability Pr = 1 / N, where N equals any contention slot length;
• ii. Get a random number;
• iii. If the random number is not greater than the probability Pr obtained in step i, execute the above part (iii) of the ninth aspect; and
• iv. Regenerate a new Pr value that has a higher chance, a random number not larger to be greater than the Pr value of step (iii).

• i. QoS-Registrierungsanfrageumsetzung; und
• ii. Medienzuweisungsplanerzeugung.

As the tenth aspect, it is possible to realize a means for generating a media allocation plan consisting of the following phases:

• i. QoS Registration request conversion; and
• ii. Media allocation plan generation.

• i. Berechne die Anzahl von Medienzuweisungen, die für jede QoS-Anfrage benötigt werden; und
• ii. Sortiere die Anfrage gemäß dem Wert, der aus Schritt i bestimmt ist.

In the tenth aspect, the means for performing a QoS request conversion as described in the above part (i) consists of the following steps:

• i. Calculate the number of media allocations needed for each QoS request; and
• ii. Sort the request according to the value determined from step i.

• i. Berechnen der Gesamtdauer, die benötigt wird, um ein Paket zu übermitteln;
• ii. Berechnen der tatsächlichen Bandbreite, die für die Anfrage benötigt wird;
• iii. Berechnen der Gesamtdauer der Medienzuweisung, die von der Anfrage während eines wiederholenden Intervalls benötigt wird, um die tatsächliche Bandbreiteanforderung zu erhalte;
• iv. Berechnen der Anzahl von benötigten Medienzuweisungen; und
• v. Hinzufügen des aus Schritt iv erhaltenen Werts zu der Anfrage.

In the tenth aspect, the means for calculating the number of media allocations for a request as mentioned in the above calculation part (i) performs the following steps:

• i. Calculating the total amount of time needed to transmit a packet;
• ii. Calculating the actual bandwidth needed for the request;
• iii. Calculating the total duration of the media allocation needed by the request during a repeating interval to obtain the actual bandwidth request;
• iv. Calculating the number of media allocations needed; and
• v. Add the value obtained from step iv to the request.

• i. Erzeugen eines Medienzuweisungsplans für jede Anfrage durch Reduzieren des Wertes, der in Schritt iv des zehnten Aspekts berechnet wird, auf ein Minimum, durch Zusammenfügen mehrfacher aufeinander folgender Medienzuweisungen zu einer einzelnen Medienzuweisung, die eine längere Dauer aufweist, so dass die Bedingungen, die in der Anfrage genannt sind, nicht verletzt werden; und
• ii. Kombinieren der Medienzuweisungspläne, die in Schritt i erhalten werden, in einem einzelnen Plan.

In the tenth aspect, the means for generating a media allocation plan performs the following steps:

• i. Generating a media allocation plan for each request by reducing the value computed in step iv of the tenth aspect to a minimum by merging multiple consecutive media allocations into a single media allocation having a longer duration such that the conditions set forth in the Request are not violated; and
• ii. Combine the media allocation plans obtained in step i into a single plan.

• i. Planen der kollidierenden Medienzuweisungen nacheinander; oder
• ii. Aufbrechen der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung eines der Pläne in einige Medienzuweisungen mit einer geringeren Dauer und Verteilen davon innerhalb des Intervalls vom Startpunkt der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung zum Startpunkt der nächsten Medienzuweisung oder dem Ende des Plans.

As an eleventh aspect, it is possible to realize a means for combining two conflicting media allocation plans into a single plan, which consists of one of the following steps:

• i. Scheduling the colliding media assignments one by one; or
• ii. Breaking the colliding media allocation of one of the schedules into some media allocations of lesser duration and distributing it within the interval from the starting point of the colliding media allocation to the starting point of the next media allocation or the end of the schedule.

• i. Erhalten der Dauer von Medienzuweisung in Plan A, die mit einer Medienzuweisung in Plan B kollidieren;
• ii. Erhalten der Dauer von Medienzuweisung in Plan B, die mit einer Medienzuweisung in Plan A kollidieren;
• iii. Erhalten der Dauer von dem Startpunkt der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung zu dem Startpunkt der nächsten Medienzuweisung oder dem Ende von Plan A;
• iv. Berechnen der Dauer für den Teil der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung in Plan A, mit dem nicht kollidiert wird;
• v. Berechnen der Dauer für den Teil der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung in Plan A, mit dem kollidiert wird; und
• vi. Aufspalten der kollidierenden Medienzuweisung in einige kleinere Medienzuweisungen mit einem Abstand gleich (d·c/a – d).

As a twelfth aspect, it is possible to realize a means for disrupting the colliding media allocation when combining two media allocation plans into a single plan, performing the following steps:

• i. Obtain the duration of media allocation in Plan A that conflicts with a media assignment in Plan B;
• ii. Obtain the duration of media allocation in Plan B that conflicts with a media allocation in Plan A;
• iii. Obtaining the duration from the starting point of the colliding media allocation to the starting point of the next media allocation or the end of Plan A;
• iv. Calculating the duration for the part of the colliding media allocation in Plan A that will not collide with;
• v. Calculating the duration for the part of the colliding media allocation in Plan A to collide with; and
• vi. Splitting the colliding media allocation into some smaller media allocations with a distance equal to (d · c / a - d).

It will be obvious that the examples that are useful for understanding of the invention are varied in many different ways can. Such Variations are not considered to be a departure from the scope of the invention which is defined only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims (3)

A method performed by an access point (AP) for registering a station request (STA) for transmission of a data stream subject to a quality of service (QoS) request, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a command frame to stations to start a contention control phase, receiving an allocation request from the station (STA) in the contention control phase, the method being characterized by the steps of: transmitting a notification to stations (STA) during the contention control phase that includes information comprising a list of identification numbers of the respective stations from which the allocation request was successfully received, in the event that the receipt of the allocation request from the station (STA) is successful, pollen the station in a non-QoS phase during the the unsecured quality data stream is transmitted, and receiving a QoS logon request from the station (STA) after station polling (STA) indicating a request for transmission of the data stream containing information indicating a QoS requirement in the event that the receipt of the allocation request from the station (STA) is unsuccessful, receiving the QoS subscription request from the station (STA) in the contention-based phase during which the station (STA) detects whether a transfer is possible or not Time before transmitting the data stream, determining whether or not to allow transmission of the data stream, transmitting a QoS registration acknowledgment to the station (STA) containing information indicating that the transmission is allowed or not. Method according to claim 1, the information indicating the QoS requirements, at least one of the following Parameter includes: the minimum bandwidth of the data stream, the average bandwidth of the data stream, the maximal Bandwidth of the data stream, the maximum allowable waiting time, the fluctuations the permissible Waiting period, the data packet size, of the minimal needed Time interval between each data medium usage, the extra Bandwidth for at least one of the retransmissions, Preamble and protocol overhead is needed. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in in the event that the receipt of the allocation request from the station (STA) is unsuccessful, receiving a poll request from the Station (STA) in a competition-based phase, during the the station (STA) detects whether a transmission is possible or not every time before the transmission of the data stream, station polling (STA) in a non-QOS phase while the data stream is transmitted with unsecured quality and receive the QoS registration from the station (STA) in a non-Qos phase after pollination.