DE60204672T2 - ABOUT OPENINGS IN THE SHAFT MASS AREA TUNABLE PHASE SHIFTER - Google Patents
ABOUT OPENINGS IN THE SHAFT MASS AREA TUNABLE PHASE SHIFTER Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE60204672T2 DE60204672T2 DE60204672T DE60204672T DE60204672T2 DE 60204672 T2 DE60204672 T2 DE 60204672T2 DE 60204672 T DE60204672 T DE 60204672T DE 60204672 T DE60204672 T DE 60204672T DE 60204672 T2 DE60204672 T2 DE 60204672T2
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- Prior art keywords
- openings
- transmission line
- ground plane
- phase
- wall
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
Landscapes
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gebiet der ErfindungTerritory of invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Technik zum Erzeugen einer variablen Phasenverschiebung in einer Übertragungsleitung und die Verwendung einer solchen Technik in einem Antennenarray.The The invention relates to a technique for generating a variable phase shift in a transmission line and the use of such a technique in an antenna array.
Hintergrund der Erfindungbackground the invention
Phasenschieber sind allgemein bekannt und existieren in einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Typen. Ferrit-Phasenschieber verwenden Platten, Stangen und andere Formen ferromagnetischen Materials im Innern eines Wellenleiters bzw. einer Übertragungsleitung. Die magnetische Permeabilität des Materials bestimmt den Übertragungsfaktor derartiger Leitungen, welcher durch ein externes Magnetfeld gesteuert werden kann. Ferrit-Phasenschieber können mit hoher Geschwindigkeit betrieben werden (in der Größenordnung von Millisekunden für eine 360° Phasenverschiebung) und können in das Speisenetz von Antennen integriert werden.phase shifter are well known and exist in a variety of different ways Types. Ferrite phase shifters use plates, rods and others Form ferromagnetic material inside a waveguide or a transmission line. The magnetic permeability of the material determines the transmission factor such lines, which controlled by an external magnetic field can be. Ferrite phase shifter can with be operated at high speed (of the order of magnitude of milliseconds for a 360 ° phase shift) and can be integrated into the feed network of antennas.
Ferrit-Phasenschieber sind jedoch für Niedrigpreis-Anwendungen, wie z. B. die Basisstation-Antennentechnologie, und satellitenbasierte persönliche Mobilsysteme, zu teuer. Zudem benötigen Ferrit-Phasenschieber zum Betrieb ein vergleichsweise hohes Maß an Gleichstromenergie und verursachen typischerweise Verluste von um 1 dB pro 360° Phasenverschiebung. Auch ist die Bandbreite für diese Vorrichtungen auf 5-10% beschränkt.Ferrite phase shifter are however for Low-cost applications, such as B. the base station antenna technology, and satellite-based personal Mobile systems, too expensive. In addition, require ferrite phase shifter to operate a comparatively high level of DC power and typically cause losses of around 1 dB per 360 ° phase shift. Also, the bandwidth is for these devices to 5-10% limited.
Mechanische Phasenschieber basieren auf der mechanischen Verschiebung einer Struktur im Innern einer Übertragungsleitung bzw. eines Wellenleiters, um den Übertragungsfaktor zu verän dern. Die mechanische Verschiebung kann z. B. erreicht werden, indem piezoelektrische, elektrostatische oder elektrische Antriebsvorrichtungen verwendet werden. Diese sind mögliche preiswerte Breitbandvorrichtungen mit geringem Gleichstromverbrauch und sind für eine Massenproduktion gut geeignet. Allerdings haben diese Vorrichtungen einige praktische Grenzen.mechanical Phase shifters are based on the mechanical displacement of a Structure inside a transmission line or a waveguide in order to change the transmission factor. The mechanical Shift can z. B. be achieved by piezoelectric, electrostatic or electric drive devices used become. These are possible inexpensive broadband devices with low DC consumption and are for a mass production well suited. However, these devices have some practical limits.
Beispiele vorbekannter mechanischer Phasenschieber, die auf der Verschiebung dielektrischer Platten im Innern bzw. in der Nähe von Übertragungsleitungen fußen, sind in der US-A-5504466, der US-A-5940030 und der EP-A-0984509 beschrieben. Diese Vorrichtungen erfordern für gewöhnlich die Verschiebung großer dielektrischer Platten über eine Entfernung von mehreren Millimetern. Dies beschränkt die Geschwindigkeit, mit der der Phasenschieber arbeiten kann, ernsthaft. Zudem können keine preisgünstigen piezoelektrischen und elektrostatischen Technologien mit geringer Stromaufnahme verwendet werden, da deren Bewegungsweg typischerweise auf weniger als 1 mm beschränkt ist. Typischerweise erfordern diese Vorrichtungen für ein praktisches, kompaktes Design Materialien mit hohen dielektrischen Konstanten, und dies erhöht wiederum die Kosten der Vorrichtung und steigert zudem typischerweise Verluste.Examples previously known mechanical phase shifter, on the shift dielectric plates in the interior of or near transmission lines are in US-A-5504466, the US-A-5940030 and EP-A-0984509. These devices require for usually the Shift big dielectric plates over a Distance of several millimeters. This limits the speed, with the phase shifter can work, seriously. In addition, none can cheapest piezoelectric and electrostatic technologies with lower Current consumption can be used because their path of movement is typical limited to less than 1 mm is. Typically, these devices require a practical, compact design materials with high dielectric constants, and this increases in turn, the cost of the device and also typically increases Losses.
In der FR-A-2581255 ist ein metallener Wellenleiter mit einer bewegbaren, leitenden Fläche offenbart, die parallel zu einer der Seiten des Wellenleiters liegt. Ein Stück eines piezoelektrischen Materials trägt die Fläche, so daß es die Fläche relativ zu dem Leiter bewegen kann. Der Wellenleiter kann in einer Wand des Leiters geformte Schlitze aufweisen. Die Fläche ist in eine durch die Schlitze gebildete Öffnung hinein bewegbar, um eine Phasenverschiebung einer Welle in dem Wellenleiter durch eine interne elektromagnetische Störung zu erzeugen.In FR-A-2581255 is a metallic waveguide with a movable, conductive surface discloses which is parallel to one of the sides of the waveguide. One piece a piezoelectric material supports the surface so that it moves the surface relative to the conductor can. The waveguide may have slots formed in a wall of the conductor exhibit. The area is movable into an opening formed by the slots to a phase shift of a wave in the waveguide by a internal electromagnetic interference to create.
Beispiele vorbekannter mechanischer Phasenschieber, die auf der physikalischen Änderung der Länge der Übertragungsleitungen basieren, sind in der US-A-5440318 und der EP-A-1033773 beschrieben. Diese Vorrichtungen sind gegebenenfalls preisgünstig, brauchen wenig Energie und haben geringe Energieverluste. Jedoch führen bewegliche Teile in der Übertragungsleitung zu Problemen hinsichtlich der Grenzflächen zwischen diesen Vorrichtungen und festen Übertragungsleitungen, an die sie angeschlossen sind, was den Vorrichtungen eine mechanische Komplexität hinzufügt (indem z. B. Gleitkontakte integriert werden müssen). Zudem ist, da das Ausmaß der erzeugten Phasenverschiebung proportional zu dem Maß der Längenausdehnung der Vorrichtung ist, auch die Geschwindigkeit gering, da große mechanische Verschiebungen erforderlich sind (typischerweise mehrere Millimeter bei 10 GHz).Examples previously known mechanical phase shifter based on the physical change of Length of the transmission lines are described in US-A-5440318 and EP-A-1033773. These devices may be inexpensive, need little energy and have low energy losses. However, moving parts in the transmission line to problems concerning the interfaces between these devices and fixed transmission lines, to which they are connected, giving the devices a mechanical complexity adds (eg by having to integrate sliding contacts). Moreover, as the extent of generated Phase shift proportional to the degree of linear expansion of the device The speed is low, as there are large mechanical shifts are required (typically several millimeters at 10 GHz).
Offenbarung der Erfindungepiphany the invention
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Phasenverschiebungselement zu schaffen, welches zumindest einen Schritt in Richtung des Überkommens der oben genannten Probleme geht.It It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a phase shift element which is at least one step in the direction of coming the above problems goes.
Demnach besteht die Erfindung in einem ersten Aspekt in einem Phasenverschiebungselement mit einem Übertragungsleitungssegment, welches dazu angepasst ist, die Ausbreitung einer elektromagnetischen Welle zu unterstützen, und welches eine Massefläche bzw. -wand, einen Leiter und ein zwischen der Massefläche bzw. -wand und dem Leiter angeordnetes Substrat aufweist, wobei die Massefläche bzw. -wand wenigstens eine Öffnung aufweist, mit einer neben der Massefläche bzw. -wand angeordneten, außerhalb des Übertragungsleitungssegmentes bewegbaren, elektrisch leitenden Platte und mit einem mit der elektrisch leitenden Platte verbundenen Verschiebemittel, welches zum einstellbaren Verändern des Abstandes zwischen der elektrisch leitenden Platte und der Massefläche bzw. -wand, wodurch der Grad der bei der elektromagnetischen Welle, wenn diese das Übertragungsleitungssegment durchläuft, erzeugten Phasenverschiebung eingestellt wird, eingerichtet ist.Thus, in a first aspect, the invention consists in a phase shifting element having a transmission line segment adapted to support the propagation of an electromagnetic wave and having a ground plane, a conductor and a ground plane between the ground plane and the ground Conductor arranged substrate, wherein the ground surface or wall having at least one opening, with an adjacent to the ground plane or wall, movable outside the transmission line segment, electrically conductive plate and verbun with one with the electrically conductive plate shift means adapted to adjustably vary the distance between the electrically conductive plate and the ground plane, thereby adjusting the degree of phase shift produced in the electromagnetic wave when passing through the transmission line segment.
Vorzugsweise sind eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen in der Massefläche bzw. -wand periodisch hintereinander angeordnet.Preferably are a variety of openings in the ground plane or wall periodically arranged one behind the other.
Vorzugsweise sind die Form, der Abstand und/oder die Größe einzelner der periodisch angeordneten Öffnungsreihen variiert, um die Impedanzanpassung zwischen dem Übertragungsleitungssegment und einer angeschlossenen Übertragungsleitung zu verbessern.Preferably are the shape, the distance and / or the size of each of the periodic arranged opening rows varies to the impedance match between the transmission line segment and a connected transmission line to improve.
Vorzugsweise sind die Öffnungen rechteckig, und die Längen der Öffnungen an jedem Ende der periodisch angeordneten Reihen sind verglichen mit den Längen der Öffnungen in der Mitte der Öffnungsreihen verringert.Preferably are the openings rectangular, and the lengths the openings at each end of the periodically arranged rows are compared with the lengths the openings in the middle of the opening rows reduced.
Vorzugsweise ist das Übertragungsleitungssegment eine Mikrostreifenleitung oder ein Streifenleitungssegment auf einer Leiterplatte, und die Reihen von Öffnungen sind in der Massefläche direkt unterhalb der und ausgerichtet zu der Mikrostreifenleitung bzw. Streifenleitung vorgesehen.Preferably is the transmission line segment a microstrip line or a stripline segment on one Printed circuit board, and the rows of openings are direct in the ground plane below and aligned with the microstrip line or Stripline provided.
Alternativ ist das Übertragungsleitungssegment ein Abschnitt eines rechteckigen oder kreisförmigen Stegwellenleiters, und die Öffnungen sind in einer der Wände des Wellenleiters angeordnet.alternative is the transmission line segment a portion of a rectangular or circular ridge waveguide, and the openings are in one of the walls the waveguide arranged.
Vorzugsweise ist die Breite der Öffnungen in einer Richtung parallel zu der Übertragungsleitung weniger als oder gleich etwa λ/10, wobei λ die Wellenlänge der elektromagnetischen Welle bei der Betriebsfrequenz ist.Preferably is the width of the openings less in one direction parallel to the transmission line than or equal to about λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength the electromagnetic wave is at the operating frequency.
Vorzugsweise ist die elektrisch leitende Platte mit einer dielektrischen oder Ferritschicht auf der Oberfläche der Massefläche bzw. -wand des Übertragungsleitungssegmentes bedeckt.Preferably is the electrically conductive plate with a dielectric or Ferrite layer on the surface the ground plane or wall of the transmission line segment covered.
Vorzugsweise folgen das Übertragungsleitungssegment und die Reihe von Öffnungen demselben, gewundenen Pfad.Preferably follow the transmission line segment and the row of openings same, winding path.
Vorzugsweise enthält der gewundene Pfad eine Vielzahl von geraden Pfadabschnitten, die in Winkeln miteinander verbunden sind.Preferably contains the tortuous path has a variety of straight path sections, the connected in angles.
In einem weiteren Aspekt besteht die Erfindung in einem Steuersystem für ein Antennenarray mit einem Phasenverschiebungselement nach dem ersten Aspekt.In In another aspect, the invention resides in a control system for a Antenna array with a phase shift element after the first Aspect.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Steuersystem eine Vielzahl von miteinander verbundenen Phasenverschiebungselementen, die sich eine gemeinsame elektrisch leitende Platte teilen.Preferably contains the control system comprises a plurality of interconnected phase shift elements, sharing a common electrically conductive plate.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenShort description the drawings
Es werden nun spezielle Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Wege eines Beispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen beschrieben. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:It will now be specific embodiments the invention by way of example with reference to the accompanying Drawings described. In the drawings show:
Ausführliche Beschreibung der bevorzugten AusführungsbeispieleFull Description of the preferred embodiments
Obwohl der Phasenschieber gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung anfangs als eine Mikrostreifen-Übertragungsleitung verwendend beschrieben wird, soll verstanden werden, daß dasselbe Prinzip direkt umgesetzt werden kann, indem Wellenleiter-Strukturen (z. B. rechteckig oder Steg) und andere Übertragungsleitungstechnologien, inklusive herkömmlichen oder abgestützten Streifenleitungs- oder Triplattenstrukturen, verwendet werden.Even though the phase shifter according to the present Using the invention initially as a microstrip transmission line is to be understood, that the same principle implemented directly can be made by using waveguide structures (eg rectangular or Web) and other transmission line technologies, including conventional or supported Stripline or triplate structures.
Unter
besonderer Bezugnahme auf
Die Öffnungen
Eine
elektrisch leitende Abstimmplatte
Die
Abstimmplatte
Die Öffnungen
Der
Effekt der Öffnungen
in dem Übertragungsleitungssegment
kann alternativ erklärt
werden, indem das Konzept eines künstlichen Dielektrikums verwendet
wird. Schmale Öffnungen
in einer metallenen Wand haben ein zugehöriges magnetisches Dipolmoment.
Wenn die Öffnungen
viel kleiner sind als die Wellenlänge (typischerweise um λ/10) erzeugen
sie ein mittleres magnetisches Moment pro Oberflächeneinheit, welches zu der
effektiven magnetischen Polarisierbarkeit des Substrates
Um
eine variable Phasenverschiebung zu erzeugen, wird die metallene
Abstimmplatte
Es
wird nun auf
Ein
besonderer Vorteil dieser integrierten Anpassungsstruktur ist, daß der Rückkehrverlust
für alle Verschiebungen
der Abstimmplatte
Die
Verjüngung
der Öffnungen
kann z. B. linear sein (wie in
Beispiele
für Vorrichtungen
mit dem Phasenverschiebungselement gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung
werden nun unter Bezugnahme auf
Die
Empfindlichkeit der Vorrichtung in Bezug auf Verschiebungen der
Abstimmplatte ist abhängig vom
Design sehr hoch (typischerweise werden bei der Mikrostreifen-Anwendung
Phasenverschiebungen von bis zu 250° pro Millimeter Verschiebung
ermöglicht).
Als ein Ergebnis können
piezoelektrische und elektrostatische oder andere kostengünstige Verschiebemechanismen
Die Öffnungen
Eine Ein-Steuerung-Kompakt-Abtastantenne kann durch Zusammenschließen einer Vielzahl von Phasenverschiebungselementen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung erhalten werden.A One-control compact scanning antenna can be obtained by combining a Variety of phase shifting elements according to the present invention to be obtained.
Die
Abstimmplatte
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01301238A EP1235296A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2001-02-14 | Phase shifter tunable via apertures in the ground plane of the waveguide |
EP01301238 | 2001-02-14 | ||
PCT/EP2002/001428 WO2002073733A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-12 | Phase shifter tunable via apertures in the ground plane of the wave guide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE60204672D1 DE60204672D1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
DE60204672T2 true DE60204672T2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
Family
ID=8181704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE60204672T Expired - Fee Related DE60204672T2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-12 | ABOUT OPENINGS IN THE SHAFT MASS AREA TUNABLE PHASE SHIFTER |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1235296A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE298134T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60204672T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002073733A1 (en) |
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US3789330A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1974-01-29 | Us Navy | Ferrite microwave phase shifter with insertion phase modifying means |
FR2581255B1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1989-01-06 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | MICROWAVE DEPHASER, ESPECIALLY MILLIMETER WAVE, WITH PIEZOELECTRIC CONTROL |
FR2706680B1 (en) * | 1986-07-04 | 1995-09-01 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Microwave microstrip and suspended dielectric phase shifter, and application to lobe scanning antenna arrays. |
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-
2001
- 2001-02-14 EP EP01301238A patent/EP1235296A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2002
- 2002-02-12 WO PCT/EP2002/001428 patent/WO2002073733A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-12 DE DE60204672T patent/DE60204672T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-12 EP EP02726106A patent/EP1371108B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-12 AT AT02726106T patent/ATE298134T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP1371108B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
ATE298134T1 (en) | 2005-07-15 |
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