DE60036739T2 - Ethylene (co) polymer and its use - Google Patents

Description

Technical part

The The present invention relates to an ethylene (co) polymer and its Use, and more particularly, relates to an ethylene (co) polymer having excellent moldability and mechanical properties, as well as the use of the ethylene (co) polymer.

State of the art

molded Products of ethylene (co) polymers, such as ethylene homopolymer, Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer and the like be widely used for used various purposes, including, for example, blow-molded Products, such as small containers, eg. B. cosmetic bottles, detergent bottles etc., containers medium size, z. B. Jerrycans, canisters for Industrial chemicals, etc., containers greater Size, e.g. B. Automotive fuel tanks, drum drums, etc., molded pipes, such as Pipes for Sewer systems, pipes for Water pipes, gas pipes, etc., and blown film used for carrying bags for supermarkets become. The for to use various types of such molded products Materials need have different properties.

For example For example, a blow-molded product is made by extruding a cylindrical molten resin (preform) of circular dies, Clamping the resulting preform with moldings and blow molding for shaping by blowing compressed air. In the case of production a container greater Size through Blow molding can generally be a phenomenon of bagging due to the preform Of the dead weight (decrease) occur, or the thickness can Timing of molding become uneven, resulting in a damaged Shape of the molded product leads. For suppression The descent should be an ethylene (co) polymer selected with high melt tension become. On the other hand, to suppress the thickness unevenness the molded product or to obtain a good Abklemmform of the molded product, a high swelling ratio ethylene (co) polymer can be selected. Further, as a sought-after properties of blow-molded products high impact resistance or the like is required, and nowadays is also to improve the economic Properties in need of an improvement in toughness.

One Mold tube must have excellent tube fatigue, mechanical Have strength and the like. As a test of pipe fatigue properties In practice, a hot internal pressure creep test, a notch pull creep test, a notch pull fatigue test, etc. performed, and it is for that shaped pipe desirable, that it has excellent properties in all these tests. Recently, there is also an improvement in toughness to improve the economic Properties, e.g. B. Thinning of a pipe, and further, excellent moldability required for the saving of electrical power.

A Blown film must have a thickness with low unevenness, mechanical strength and the like. To suppress the unevenness the thickness requires the stability of the tubular enamel (a bubble), which is extruded at the time of molding, to improve and for this purpose should be an ethylene (co) polymer with high melt tension selected become.

The Inventors of the present invention have in consideration of the conventional Technology Ethylene (co) polymers which is designed to provide molded products with excellent Moldability and in particular excellent mechanical strength are suitable, and have found that ethylene polymers and Copolyere of ethylene and an α-olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms which scarcely contains methyl branches have excellent moldability, and that of these ethylene (co) polymers Molded products produced in particular excellent mechanical properties have.

Further, excellent moldability has been found for the following ethylene (co) polymers, and molded products of the ethylene (co) polymers have excellent mechanical properties; Ethylene (co) polymers having respective specified relationships between melt tension and transverse ratio and between intrinsic viscosity and melt flow index, ethylene (co) polymers having a specific relationship of number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and Z average molecular weight , and ethylene (co) polymers having at least 2 relative maximum values and at least 1 relative minimum value in the molecular weight distribution curve, each having an intensity having a certain relationship of the intensity of the relative minimum value and the have lower intensity of the relative maximum value.

By Find out that compositions containing such ethylene (co) polymers contain also the properties described above, and this too for graft modified ethylene (co) polymers that are prepared by graft modification of such ethylene (co) polymers, as well as compositions, which contain such graft-modified ethylene (co) polymers the inventors obtained the present invention.

The ethylene (co) polymers prepared by conventional methods using a Ziegler catalyst as described in U.S. Pat Japanese Patent 821037 described a metallocene catalyst and a chromium catalyst, as in JP-OS 9-183816 described, a strained geometry catalyst (CGC), as in WO 93/08221 and a catalyst containing Ta, Nb complexes as described in U.S. Pat JP-OS 6-233723 and the ethylene (co) polymers prepared by a conventional known high pressure radical catalyst process contain a relatively large number of methyl branches in the molecule. When methyl branches are ethylene (co) polymer, the methyl branches are taken up in the crystals and weaken the crystals, and hence the mechanical strength is probably low.

in the Case of an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin, the after a conventional one known methods using a catalyst such as one of the catalysts described above is prepared occasionally the following problems.

in the Case of using a Ziegler catalyst, it becomes a Problem that the produced ethylene (co) polymer hard and brittle components contains since the ethylene (co) polymer hardly α-olefin contains, and that the produced ethylene (co) polymer contains soft and weak components, since α-olefin is copolymerized to an excessive degree. By excessive copolymerization of α-olefin generated components can cause sticky properties.

in the Case of using a metallocene catalyst, it becomes a Problem that an ethylene (co) polymer with a significantly high molecular weight is barely received.

in the Case of using a chromium catalyst, it becomes a problem that the produced ethylene (co) polymer contains long branching chains, which to a narrow molecular size and inferior mechanical strength. It also becomes in the case the use of a chromium catalyst becomes a problem that the produced ethylene (co) polymer Due to the low content of α-olefin hard and brittle components contains and that the produced ethylene (co) polymer due to excess copolymerization of α-olefin contains soft and weak components.

in the Case of using a strained geometry catalyst contains the produced ethylene (co) polymer has long branching chains, wass leads to a narrow molecular expansion, and consequently the mechanical Strength low.

The after a conventional ethylene (co) polymer produced by known Hochdruckradikalkatalysatorverfahren contains long Branching chains, resulting in a narrow molecular expansion, and consequently, the mechanical strength is low.

in the Case of using a catalyst containing Ta, Nb complexes the produced ethylene (co) polymer has a low Mw / Mn ratio the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn), measured by GPC as the molecular weight distribution index, so that the moldability is inferior.

Disclosure of the invention

• (i) der Gehalt an Methyl-Seitenzweigen pro 1.000 Kohlenstoffatomen, gemessen durch ¹³C-NMR, < 0,1 ist;
• (ii) Mw/Mn (Gewichtsdurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht/Zahlendurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht), gemessen durch Gelpermeationschromatografie, 4,5 bis 60 beträgt;
• (iii) die Grenzviskosität [η], gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, 0,5 bis 15 dl/g beträgt; und
• (iv) die Decan-löslichen Bestandteile (W) (Gew.-%) bei 23°C und die Dichte (d) (g/cm³) die folgenden Bedinungen erfüllen: W < 80 × exp (–100 × (d – 0,88)) + 0,1wenn MFI ≤ 10 g/10 min ist, und W < 80 × (MFI – 9)0,26 × exp (–100 × (d – 0,88)) + 0,1wenn MFI > 10 g/10 min ist.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) of the present invention is an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin, wherein

• (i) the content of methyl side branches per 1,000 carbon atoms measured by ¹³ C-NMR is <0.1;
• (ii) Mw / Mn (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight), as measured by gel permeation chromatography, is 4.5 to 60;
• (iii) the intrinsic viscosity [η], measured in decalin at 135 ° C, is 0.5 to 15 dl / g; and
• (iv) the decane soluble components (W) (wt%) at 23 ° C and the density (d) (g / cm ³ ) the following conditions meet the following requirements: W <80 x exp (-100 x (d - 0.88)) + 0.1 if MFI ≤ 10 g / 10 min, and W <80 × (MFI - 9) 0.26 × exp (-100 × (d - 0.88)) + 0.1 if MFI> 10 g / 10 min.

• (v) die intrinsische Viskosität ([η] (dl/g)), gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, und der Schmelzflussindex (MFI (g/10 Minuten)), gemessen unter einer Last von 2,16 kg bei 190°C, erfüllen die Beziehungen [η] > 1,85 × MFI–0,192, wenn MFI < 1 und [η] > 1,85 × MFI–0,213, wenn MFI ≥ 1.
• (vi) Bestandteile mit einem Molekulargewicht von 500.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und gemessen durch GPC-IR in den bei ≥ 105°C in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest eluierten Bestandteilen ≤ 5 Gew.-% betragen.
• (vii) Die in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest bei ≥ 105°C eluierten Komponenten betragen ≤ 5 Gew.-%, wenn der Comonomergehalt ≥ 1,5 mol-% ist, und die bei ≥ 106°C eluierten Komponenten betragen ≤ 8 Gew.-%, wenn der Comonomergehalt < 1,5 mol-% ist;
• (viii) Die Bestandteile mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und durch GPC-IR gemessen, unter den ausgefallenen Bestandteilen, wenn das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C aufgelöst und dann auf 75°C abgekühlt wird und anschliessend die gelösten Bestandteile in einem schlechten Lösungsmittel ausgefällt werden, ≤ 30 Gew.-% betragen.
• (ix) die Komponenten, die ausgefällt werden, wenn das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C aufgelöst und dann auf 75°C abgekühlt wird, wodurch aufgelöste Komponenten in dem schlechten Lösungsmittel ausgefällt werden, betragen ≤ 15 Gew.-%;
• (x) Die Bestandteile mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und durch GPC-IR gemessen, unter den ausgefallenen Bestandteilen, wenn das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C aufgelöst und dann auf 75°C abgekühlt wird und anschließend die gelösten Bestandteile in einem schlechten Lösungsmittel ausgefällt werden, ≤ 5% in dem gesamten Ethylen-(Co)polymer betragen.
• (xi) die Anzahl der Verzweigungen mit einer Länge, die derjenigen von Hexyl äquivalent ist, oder länger, gemessen mittels ¹³C-NMR, ist < 0,1 auf 1.000 Kohlenstoffatome.
• (xii) Das Mw/Mn-Verhältnis zwischen dem Gewichtsdurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht (Mw) und dem Zahlendurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht (Mn), berechnet anhand der logarithmischen Normalverteilung, die durch Verteilen von durch Gelpermeationschromatographie gemessenen Molekulargewicht-Verteilungskurven auf zwei gleiche logarithmische Normalverteilungskurven erhalten wird, innerhalb eines Bereiches von 3 bis 8 liegt; und
• (xiii) Bestandteile existieren, die bei ≥ 109°C in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest zu eluieren sind, und die Grenzviskosität ([η(dl/g)), gemessen bei 135°C in Decalin und die Dichte (d (g/cm²)) der Bestanteile die folgende Beziehung erfüllen: d ≥ 0,0003 × [η] 2 – 0,0121 × [η] + 0,9874.

Preferably, the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to the invention fulfills at least one of the following requirements:

• (v) the intrinsic viscosity ([η] (dl / g)), measured in decalin at 135 ° C, and the melt flow index (MFI (g / 10 minutes)), measured under a load of 2.16 kg at 190 ° C, fulfill the relationships [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.192 if MFI <1 and [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.213 , if MFI ≥ 1.
• (vi) ingredients having a molecular weight of 500,000 reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR in the components eluted at ≥105 ° C in a heating-elution separation test are ≤ 5 wt%.
• (vii) The components eluted in a heating-elution separation test at ≥ 105 ° C are ≦ 5 wt% when the comonomer content is ≥ 1.5 mol%, and the components eluted at ≥ 106 ° C are ≦ 8 wt. % if the comonomer content is <1.5 mol%;
• (viii) The 10,000 molecular weight components reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR among the precipitated components when the ethylene (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then cooled to 75 ° C is and then the dissolved constituents are precipitated in a poor solvent, ≤ 30 wt .-% amount.
• (ix) the components which are precipitated when the ethylene (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then cooled to 75 ° C, whereby dissolved components are precipitated in the poor solvent are ≤15 wt .-%;
• (x) The 10,000 molecular weight components reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR among the precipitated components when the ethylene (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then cooled to 75 ° C and then the solubles are precipitated in a poor solvent, ≤ 5% in the total ethylene (co) polymer.
• (xi) the number of branches having a length equivalent to that of hexyl or longer, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is <0.1 to 1,000 carbon atoms.
• (xii) the Mw / Mn ratio between the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) calculated from the logarithmic normal distribution obtained by distributing molecular weight distribution curves measured by gel permeation chromatography to two equal logarithmic normal distribution curves; is within a range of 3 to 8; and
• (xiii) constituents exist which are to be eluted at ≥109 ° C in a heating-elution separation test, and the intrinsic viscosity ([η (dl / g)] measured at 135 ° C in decalin and the density (d (g / cm ² )) of the parts satisfies the following relation: d ≥ 0.0003 × [η] 2 - 0.0121 × [η] + 0.9874.

The Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene or a copolymer of ethylene and 1-hexene.

• (A2-1) Ein Ethylen-Homopolymer oder ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und einem C_4-20-(α-Olefin), wobei
• (A2-1) 10 bis 90 Gew.-Teile eines Ethylen-ymers aus Homopolymers oder eines CopolEthylen und einem C_4-20-(α-Olefin), wobei
• (i₁) der Gehalt an Methyl-Seitenzweigen pro 1.000 Kohlenstoffatomen, gemessen durch ¹³C-NMR, < 0,1 ist,
• (ii₁) Mw/Mn, gemessen durch Gelpermeationschromatografie, 3 bis 8 ist;
• (iii₁) die Grenzviskosität [η_A2-1], gemessen bei 135°C in Decalin, 0,3 bis 2,5 dl/g beträgt, und
• (A2-2) ein Ethylen-Homopolymer oder ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und einem C_4-20-(α-Olefin), wobei
• (i₂) der Gehalt an Methyl-Seitenzweigen pro 1.000 Kohlenstoffatomen, gemessen durch ¹³C-NMR, < 0,1 ist,
• (iii₂) die Grenzviskosität [η_A2-2], gemessen bei 135°C in Decalin, 2,0 bis 20 dl/g beträgt;

und eine Beziehung der Grenzviskosität ([η_A2-1]) des oben beschriebenen Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-1) und der Grenzviskosität ([η_A2-2]) des oben beschriebenen Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-2) aufweist, die [η]_A2-1 < [η]_A2-2 erfüllt, und 10 bis 90 Gew.-Anteile des oben beschriebenen Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-1) und 10 bis 90 Gew.-Anteile des oben beschriebenen Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-2) enthält (wobei (A2-1) + (A2-2) = 100 Gew.-Anteile ist).The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) includes one comprising:

• (A2-1) An ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 (α-olefin), wherein
• (A2-1) 10 to 90 parts by weight of an ethylene ymer of homopolymer or a copolethylene and a C _4-20 - (α-olefin), wherein
• (i ₁ ) the content of methyl side branches per 1,000 carbon atoms, measured by ¹³ C-NMR, <0.1,
• (ii ₁ ) Mw / Mn, as measured by gel permeation chromatography, is 3 to 8;
• (iii ₁ ) the intrinsic viscosity [η _A2-1 ] measured at 135 ° C in decalin is 0.3 to 2.5 dl / g, and
• (A2-2) an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 - (α-olefin), wherein
• (i ₂ ) the content of methyl side branches per 1,000 carbon atoms, measured by ¹³ C-NMR, <0.1,
• (iii ₂ ) the intrinsic viscosity [η _A2-2 ] measured at 135 ° C in decalin is 2.0 to 20 dl / g;

and a relationship of the intrinsic viscosity ([η _A2-1 ]) of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and the intrinsic viscosity ([η _A2-2 ]) of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2- 2) _satisfying [η] _A2-1 <[η] _A2-2 , and 10 to 90 parts by weight of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and 10 to 90 parts by weight of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) (wherein (A2-1) + (A2-2) = 100 parts by weight).

For the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1), it is preferable that the following relationship between the intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A2-1 (dl / g)) and the density (d (g / cm ² )) be satisfied is: d ≥ 0.0003 × [η] 2 - 0.0121 × [η] + 0.9874. when the intrinsic viscosity, measured in decalin at 135 ° C, 0.3-1.5 dl / g.

The Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) have excellent moldability and excellent mechanical strength.

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition according to the invention (C2-1) is characterized by being the one described above Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and an unmodified other polymer (B2).

The Polymer (B2) described above is preferably an ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) other than the ethylene (co) polymer (A2).

The Ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) have an excellent Moldability and excellent mechanical strength.

One molded according to the invention Product is characterized in that it is made of a polymer or of a composition selected from the above-described ethylene (co) polymers (A2) or the above described ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1).

Examples for the Shaped products are a blow-molded product, a tubular film process product, a cast product, an extrusion laminate molded product, an extrusion molded product, a foamed product and an injection molded product Product.

When the molded product is a blow-molded product, an extrusion-molded product Product, a foamed Product and an injection-molded product preferred, and among these a tube is particularly preferred.

One molded product made from polymers or compositions, which are selected from the ethylene (co) polymers (A2) and the ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) has excellent moldability and excellent mechanical properties Strength.

One graft-modified according to the invention Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is characterized by being Graft Modification of the Ethylene (Co) Polymer (A2) Described Above and a monomer containing a polar group having.

The Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymers (A2-1) have a high Adhesion to a high polarity material, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability of the various shapes and molding process.

A graft-modified according to the invention Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) is characterized by being the one described above graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and another unmodified polymer (D1).

The Unmodified polymer (D2) is preferably an ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1).

The Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-2) have a high adhesion to a material with high Polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in various forming and shaping processes.

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition according to the invention (C2-3) is characterized by being the one described above Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2) includes.

The Ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C1-3) to (C5-3) have one high adhesive strength a material with high polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in various forming and shaping processes.

Best embodiment of the invention

The ethylene (co) polymers according to the invention and their use will be described in detail below.

Ethylene (co) polymer (A2)

An ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to the invention is an ethylene homopolymer or a random copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin.

Examples of the C _4-20 α-olefins are a straight-chain or branched C _4-20 α-olefin, as already described above, and a cyclic C _4-20 olefin, as already described above. Among them, preferred is 1-butene or 1-hexene.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) usually contains 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 55 to 100% by weight, more preferably 65 to 100% by weight, and most preferably 70 to 100% by weight repeating units derived from ethylene and 0 to 50% by weight, preferably 0 to 45% by weight, more preferably 0 to 35% by weight, and most preferably 0 to 30% by weight of repeating Units derived from a C _4-20 α-olefin.

• (i) weniger als 0,1, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,08, Methylverzweigungen auf 1.000 Kohlenstoffatome, gemessen mittels ¹³C-NMR.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) contains

• (i) less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.08, methyl branches per 1000 carbon atoms as measured by ¹³ C NMR.

There such a polymer has a solid crystal structure, the polymer has an excellent mechanical strength.

• (ii) ein Mw/Mn-Verhältnis (MW kennzeichnet das Gewichtsdurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht, Mn kennzeichnet das Zahlendurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht), gemessen mittels Gelpermeationschromatografie (GPC) von 4,5–60, vorzugsweise 5,5–50.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) also has

• (ii) Mw / Mn ratio (MW indicates weight average molecular weight, Mn denotes number average molecular weight) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of 4.5-60, preferably 5.5-50.

One Ethylene (co) polymer having a Mw / Mn ratio within that described above Areas has excellent mechanical strength.

• (iii) die intrinsische Viskosität, gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, im Bereich von 0,5 bis 15 dl/g, vorzugsweise 0,8 bis 10 dl/g, noch weiter bevorzugt 1,0 bis 8 dl/g, und am meisten bevorzugt 1,7 bis 7,5 dl/g liegt.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is further

• (iii) the intrinsic viscosity, measured in decalin at 135 ° C, in the range of 0.5 to 15 dl / g, preferably 0.8 to 10 dl / g, more preferably 1.0 to 8 dl / g, and most preferably 1.7 to 7.5 dl / g.

• (iv) die Dekan-löslichen Bestandteile (W) (Gew.-%) bei 23°C und die Dichte d (d/cm³) die folgenden Beziehungen: W < 80 × exp(–100 × (d – 0,88)) + 0,1, vorzugsweise W < 60 × exp(–100 × (d – 0,88)) + 0,1Wenn MFI ≤ 10 g/10 min, und W < 80 × (MFI – 9)0,26 × exp (–100 × (d – 0,88)) + 0,1Wenn MFI > 10 g/10 min.

Further, in the ethylene (co) polymer (A2)

• (iv) the decane-soluble components (W) (wt%) at 23 ° C and the density d (d / cm ³ ) have the following relationships: W <80 × exp (-100 × (d -0.88)) + 0.1, preferably W <60 × exp (-100 × (d -0.88)) + 0.1 If MFI ≤ 10 g / 10 min, and W <80 × (MFI - 9) 0.26 × exp (-100 × (d - 0.88)) + 0.1 If MFI> 10 g / 10 min.

One such ethylene (co) polymer satisfying these requirements An excellent mechanical strength and is slightly sticky.

The Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) more preferably has an Mz / Mw ratio by GPC, which is not bigger as Mw / Mn.

One Ethylene (co) polymer with an intrinsic viscosity below the above-described ranges is of insufficient strength, because the crystal is weak, and an ethylene (co) polymer with a intrinsic viscosity above the areas described above is sometimes with a insufficient rigidity or is sometimes difficult to shape.

• (v) Die intrinsische Viskosität ([η] (dl/g)), gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, und der Schmelzflussindex (MFI (g/10 Minuten)), gemessen unter einer Last von 2,16 kg bei 190°C, erfüllen die folgenden Beziehungen: [η] > 1,85 × MFI–0,192, vorzugsweise [η] > 1,95 × MFI–0,192, wenn MFI < 1 und [η] > 1,85 × MFI–0,21 3, vorzugsweise [η] > 1,95 × MFI–0,213, wenn MFI ≥ 1.

It is preferable for the ethylene (co) polymer (A1) to satisfy at least one of the following requirements in addition to the above-described requirements (i) to (iv):

• (v) The intrinsic viscosity ([η] (dl / g)), measured in decalin at 135 ° C, and the melt flow index (MFI (g / 10 minutes)), measured under a load of 2.16 kg at 190 ° C, meet the following relationships: [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.192 , preferably [η]> 1.95 × MFI -0.192 if MFI <1 and [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.21 3 , preferably [η]> 1.95 × MFI -0.213 , if MFI ≥ 1.

• (vi) Bestandteile mit einem Molekulargewicht von 500.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und durch GPCR gemessen, betragen im Allgemeinen nicht mehr als 5%, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 3%, in den bei ≥ 105°C in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest zu eluierenden Bestandteilen. Ein solches Ethylen-(Co)polymer enthält wenig langkettige Verzweigungen und weist eine exzellente mechanische Festigkeit auf.
• (vii) Die in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest bei ≤ 105°C eluierten Komponenten betragen im Allgemeinen ≤ 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise ≤ 4 Gew.-%, wenn der Comonomergehalt ≥ 1,5 mol-% ist, und die bei ≥ 106°C eluierten Komponenten betragen im Allgemeinen ≤ 8 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 7 Gew.-%, wenn der Comonomergehalt < 1,5 mol-% ist, vorzugsweise nicht weniger als 0,4 mol-% und weniger als 1,5 mol-%.

An ethylene (co) polymer having intrinsic viscosity and MFI satisfying the relationships described above is characterized, for example, by excellent mechanical strength of a molded product.

• (vi) Ingredients having a molecular weight of 500,000 reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPCR are generally not more than 5%, preferably not more than 3%, in the components to be eluted at ≥105 ° C in a heating-elution separation test. Such an ethylene (co) polymer has little long-chain branching and excellent mechanical strength.
• (vii) The components eluted in a heating elution separation test at ≤105 ° C are generally ≤5% by weight, preferably ≤4% by weight, when the comonomer content is ≥1.5% by mol, and those at ≥2% 106 ° C eluted components are generally ≤ 8 wt .-%, preferably 7 wt .-%, when the comonomer content is <1.5 mol%, preferably not less than 0.4 mol% and less than 1.5 mol%.

• (viii) Die Bestandteile mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und mit GPC-IR gemessen, unter den ausgefällten Bestandteilen, in dem das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C gelöst wird und anschließend die gelösten Bestandteile in einem schlechten Lösungsmittel ausgefällt werden, nachdem auf 75°C abgekühlt wurde, betragen im Allgemeinen 30% oder weniger, vorzugsweise 25% oder weniger, besonders bevorzugt 20% oder weniger, in den ausgefällten Bestandteilen. Es ist insbesondere bevorzugt, dass die oben beschriebenen Erfordernisse erfüllt werden, wenn der Comonomergehalt 0,8 bis 3,0 mol-% beträgt. Ein solches Ethylen-(Co)polymer, das die oben beschriebenen Erfordernisse erfüllt, enthält wenige Komponenten mit einer großen Mengen an Comonomeren und besitzt eine exzellente mechanische Festigkeit.
• (ix) Die Komponenten, die ausgefällt werden, wenn das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C aufgelöst und dann zur Ausfällung der aufgelösten Komponenten in einem schlechten Lösungsmittel auf 75°C abgekühlt wird, betragen im Allgemeinen ≤ 15, vorzugsweise ≤ 12%, auf Basis des Ethylen-(Co)polymers. Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass das oben beschriebene Erfordernis erfüllt wird, wenn der Comonomergehalt des Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2) 0,8 bis 3,0 mol-% beträgt.

An ethylene (co) polymer satisfying the requirements described above contains few ethylene homopolymer components and has excellent mechanical strength.

• (viii) The 10,000 molecular weight components, reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR, among the precipitated components by dissolving the ethylene (co) polymer in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then the solutes are precipitated in a poor solvent after being cooled to 75 ° C, are generally 30% or less, preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less in the precipitated components. It is particularly preferred that the above-described requirements be satisfied when the comonomer content is 0.8 to 3.0 mol%. Such an ethylene (co) polymer satisfying the requirements described above contains few components with a large amount of comonomers and has excellent mechanical strength.
• (ix) The components which are precipitated when the ethylene (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then cooled to 75 ° C to precipitate the dissolved components in a poor solvent are generally ≤15 , preferably ≤ 12%, based on the ethylene (co) polymer. It is particularly preferable that the above-described requirement be satisfied when the comonomer content of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is 0.8 to 3.0 mol%.

• (x) Die Komponenten mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10.000, reduziert auf Polyethylen und durch GPC-IR gemessen, unter den ausgefällten Komponenten, in dem das Ethylen-(Co)polymer in p-Xylol bei 130°C gelöst wird und anschließend die gelösten Bestandteile in einem schlechten Lösungsmittel ausgefällt werden, nachdem auf 75°C abgekühlt wurde, betragen im Allgemeinen 5% oder weniger, vorzugsweise 3% oder weniger, in dem gesamten Ethylen-(Co)polymer. Es ist insbesondere bevorzugt, dass die oben beschriebenen Erfordernisse erfüllt werden, wenn der Comonomergehalt 0,8 bis 3,0 mol-% beträgt.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2) satisfying the above-described requirements contains few components having a large amount of comonomers and extremely low molecular weight components, and has excellent mechanical strength.

• (x) The 10,000 molecular weight components, reduced to polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR, among the precipitated components, in which the ethylene (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then the solutes are precipitated in a poor solvent after being cooled to 75 ° C, are generally 5% or less, preferably 3% or we niger, throughout the ethylene (co) polymer. It is particularly preferred that the above-described requirements be satisfied when the comonomer content is 0.8 to 3.0 mol%.

• (xi) Die Anzahl der Verzweigungen mit einer Länge, die derjenigen von Hexyl entspricht, oder länger ist, gemessen mittels ¹³C-NMR, ist weniger als 0,1, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,03, auf 1.000 Kohlenstoffatome.

Such an ethylene (co) polymer satisfying the above-described requirements contains little components with a large amount of comonomers and has excellent mechanical strength.

• (xi) The number of branches having a length equal to or longer than hexyl, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.03, per 1000 carbon atoms.

• (xii) Das Mw/Mn-Verhältnis zwischen dem Gewichtsdurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht (Mw) und dem Zahlendurchschnitts-Molekulargewicht (Mn), berechnet anhand der logarithmischen Normalverteilung, die durch Verteilung von durch Gelpermeationschromatographie gemessenen Molekulargewicht-Verteilungskurven auf zwei logarithmische Normalverteilungskurven erhalten wird, liegt im Allgemeinen in einem Bereich von 3 bis 8, vorzugsweise 3,5 bis 7.
• (xiii) Es existieren Bestandteile, die bei ≥ 109°C in einem Erwärmungselutions-Auftrenntest zu eluieren sind, und die Grenzviskosität ([η](dl/g)), gemessen bei 135°C in Decalin, und die Dichte (d (g/cm²)) der Bestandteile erfüllen die folgende Beziehung: d ≥ 0,0003 × [η] 2 – 0,0121 × [η] + 0,9874, vorzugsweise d ≥ 0,0010 × [η] 2 – 0,0145 × [η] + 0,9900.

If long-chain branches are present, the branches are detected as hexyl or higher groups, and in this case the mechanical strength is reduced. The ethylene (co) polymer satisfying the above requirements therefore has excellent mechanical strength.

• (xii) The Mw / Mn ratio between the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) calculated from the logarithmic normal distribution obtained by distributing molecular weight distribution curves measured by gel permeation chromatography to two logarithmic normal distribution curves generally in a range of 3 to 8, preferably 3.5 to 7.
• (xiii) There are components to be eluted at ≥109 ° C in a heating-elution separation test, and the intrinsic viscosity ([η] (dl / g)) measured at 135 ° C in decalin, and the density (d ( g / cm ² )) of the ingredients satisfy the following relationship: d ≥ 0.0003 × [η] 2 - 0.0121 x [η] + 0.9874, preferably d ≥0.0010 × [η] 2 - 0.0145 × [η] + 0.9900.

The eluted at ≥109 ° C Ingredients have an intrinsic viscosity, measured at 135 ° C in decalin, of preferably 0.3 to 1.5 dl / g.

Of Furthermore, the eluted at ≥ 109 ° C. Ingredients within a range of 1 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 75% by weight.

The Ethylene (co) polymer (A2), having the requirements described above Fulfills, includes z. Example, an ethylene (co) polymer described below (A2-1) and an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) and contains the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) in 10 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 75% by weight, and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) in 10 to 90 Parts by weight, preferably 25 to 75 parts by weight (wherein (A2-1) + (A2-2) = 100 parts by weight is).

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is an ethylene homopolymer or random copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin. Examples of C _4-20 α-olefins are a straight or branched C _4-20 α-olefin as described above and a cyclic C _4-20 olefin as described above. Among them, preferred are 1-butene or 1-hexene.

The Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) desirably generally 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 55 to 100% by weight, still more preferably 65 to 100% by weight, and most preferably 70 to 100% by weight of a repeating unit derived from ethylene is and 0 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 45 wt .-%, more preferably 0 to 35 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0 to 30 wt .-%, one repeating unit derived from an α-olefin.

• (i₁) Die Grenzviskosität ([η]_A-2) , gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, liegt im Allgemeinen innerhalb eines Bereiches von 0,3 bis 2,5 dl/g und vorzugsweise 0,4 bis 1,5 dl/g.
• (ii_i) Die Zahl der Methylseitenzweige, gemessen durch ¹³C-NMR, beträgt im Allgemeinen weniger als 0,1, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,08, pro 1000 Kohlenstoffatome.
• (iii₁) Mw/Mn, gemessen durch GPC, liegt im Allgemeinen innerhalb eines Bereiches von 3 bis 8, und vorzugsweise von 3,5 bis 7.
• (iv₁) Die Grenzviskosität ([η]_A-2 (dl/g)), gemessen in Dekalin bei 135°C, und der Schmelzflussindex (MFI (g/10 min)) gemessen unter einer Last von 2,16 kg bei 190°C, erfüllen die folgenden Beziehungen: [η]A2-1 > 1,85 × MFI–0,192, vorzugsweise [η]A2-1 > 1,95 × MFI–0,192, wenn MFI < 1 ist, und [η]A2-1 > 1,85 × MFI–0,213, vorzugsweise [η]A2-1 > 1,95 × MFI–0,213, wenn MFI ≥ 1 ist.

In addition to the requirements described above, the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) satisfies the following requirements (i ₁ ) to (iii ₁ ), preferably (i ₁ ) to (iv ₁ ):

• (i ₁ ) The intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A-2 ) measured in decalin at 135 ° C is generally within a range of 0.3 to 2.5 dl / g, and preferably 0.4 to 1.5 dl /G.
• (ii _i ) The number of methyl branches, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is generally less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.08, per 1000 carbon atoms.
• (iii ₁ ) Mw / Mn, measured by GPC, is generally within a range of from 3 to 8, and preferably from 3.5 to 7.
• (iv ₁ ) Intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A-2 (dl / g)) measured in decalin at 135 ° C and melt flow index (MFI (g / 10 min)) measured under a load of 2.16 kg 190 ° C, meet the following relationships: [Η] A2-1 > 1.85 × MFI -0.192 , preferably [η] A2-1 > 1.95 × MFI -0.192 if MFI <1, and [η] A2-1> 1.85 × MFI -0.213 , preferably [η] A2-1 > 1.95 × MFI -0.213 when MFI ≥ 1.

Preferably Fulfills the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) has the requirements described below in addition to the requirements described above.

When the intrinsic viscosity measured at 135 ° C in decalin is 0.3 to 1.5 dl / g, preferably 0.4 to 1.0 dl / g, and more preferably 0.5 to 0.9 dl / g the intrinsic viscosity ([η] (dl / g)) and the density (d (g / cm ³ )) have the following relationship: d ≥ 0.0003 × [η] 2 0.121 x [η] + 0.9874, preferably d ≥0.0010 × [η] 2 - 0.0145 × [η] + 0.9900.

If the intrinsic viscosity and the density of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) satisfy the above-described relationships has the ethylene (co) polymer a particularly excellent rigidity.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) is either an ethylene homopolymer or a random copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin. Examples of the C _4-20 α-olefin are a straight-chain or branched C _4-20 α-olefin as described above and a cyclic C _4-20 α-olefin as described above. Among them, preferred are 1-butene or 1-hexene.

It is desirable the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) is generally 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 55 to 100% by weight, more preferably 65 to 100% by weight and most preferably from 70 to 100% by weight of a repeating one Unit derived from ethylene and 0 to 50% by weight, preferably 0 to 45% by weight, more preferably 0 to 35% by weight and particularly preferably 0 to 30 wt .-%, of a repeating Unit made of an α-olefin is derived.

• (i₂) Die Grenzviskosität ([η]_A2-2), gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, liegt im Allgemeinen in einem Bereich von 2,0 bis 20 dl/g und vorzugsweise von 2,5 bis 10 dl/g.
• (ii₂) Die Zahl der Methylseitenzweige, gemessen durch ¹³C-NMR, beträgt im Allgemeinen weniger als 0,1, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,08, pro 1000 Kohlenstoffatome.
• (iii₂) Mw/Mn, gemessen durch GPC, liegt im Allgemeinen innerhalb eines Bereiches von 3 bis 8, und vorzugsweise von 3,5 bis 7.
• (iv₂) Die Grenzviskosität ([η]_A2-2 (dl/g)), gemessen in Decalin bei 135°C, und der Schmelzflussindex (MFI (g/10 min)), gemessen unter einer Last von 2,6 lg bei 190°C, erfüllen die folgenden Beziehungen: [η]A2-2 > 1,85 × MFI–0,192, vorzugsweise [η]A2-2 > 1,95 × MFI–0,192, wenn MFI < 1 ist, und [η]A2-2 > 1,85 × MFI–0,213, vorzugsweise [η]A2-2 > 1,95 × MFI–0,213, wenn MFI ≥ 1 ist.

The ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) satisfies the following requirements (i ₂ ) to (ii ₂ ), preferably (i ₂ ) to (iv ₂ ), in addition to the requirements described above.

• (i ₂ ) The intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A2-2 ) measured in decalin at 135 ° C is generally in a range of 2.0 to 20 dl / g, and preferably 2.5 to 10 dl / g.
• (ii ₂ ) The number of methyl branches, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is generally less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.08, per 1000 carbon atoms.
• (iii ₂ ) Mw / Mn, as measured by GPC, is generally within a range of from 3 to 8, and preferably from 3.5 to 7.
• (iv ₂ ) The intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A2-2 (dl / g)), measured in decalin at 135 ° C, and the melt flow index (MFI (g / 10 min)) measured under a load of 2.6 lg at 190 ° C, meet the following relationships: [Η] A2-2 > 1.85 × MFI -0.192 , preferably [η] A2-2 > 1.95 × MFI -0.192 if MFI <1, and [Η] A2-2 > 1.85 × MFI -0.213 , preferably [η] A2-2 > 1.95 × MFI -0.213 when MFI ≥ 1.

The intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A2-1 ) of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and the intrinsic viscosity ([η] _A2-2 ) of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) satisfy [η] _A2-1 <[η] _A2-2

The Method of measuring the respective physical ones described above Properties will be later described.

Process for the preparation of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2)

The above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can be prepared by polymerizing only ethylene or by copolymerizing ethylene with a C _4-20 α-olefin in the presence of, for example, an olefin polymerization catalyst as described below.

Of the Term "polymerization", as used in the present detailed description occurs, not only in the sense of Meaning of homopolymerization are used, but also for one Copolymerization.

• (a1) eine Übergangsmetallverbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I), wie unten beschrieben und bei Bedarf:
• (b) mindestens eine Verbindung, ausgewählt aus
• (b-1) einer Organometallverbindung,
• (b-2) einer Organoaluminiumoxyverbindung, und
• (b-3) einer Verbindung, die durch Reaktion mit einer übergangsmetallverbindung zur Ausbildung von Ionenpaaren in der Lage ist.

An olefin polymerization catalyst which can be used for an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) of the present invention comprises:

• (a1) a transition metal compound of the general formula (I) as described below, and if necessary:
• (b) at least one compound selected from
• (b-1) an organometallic compound,
• (b-2) an organoaluminum oxy-compound, and
• (b-3) a compound capable of forming ion pairs by reaction with a transition metal compound.

The respective catalyst components containing such an olefin polymerization catalyst form will be described below.

(a1) A transition metal compound

worin M ein Übergangsmetallatom ist, das ausgewählt ist aus den Gruppen IV und V des Periodensystems, insbesondere Titan, Zirkonium, Hafnium, Vanadium, Niob und Tantal, vorzugsweise Titan, Zirkonium und Hafnium, besonders bevorzugt Zirkonium.The transition metal compound (a1) is described as the following general formula (I).

wherein M is a transition metal atom selected from Groups IV and V of the Periodic Table, especially titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum, preferably titanium, zirconium and hafnium, most preferably zirconium.

N ... M generally means the coordination and does not mean according to the invention necessarily the coordination.

R ¹ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a total of 5 or more carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a total of 7 or more carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 30 carbon atoms may be substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

Examples for the aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are those having 1 to 30 Carbon atoms, preferably those having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and more preferably those having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

More accurate are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-amyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, Isoamyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 1-ethylpentyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-octyl, 1,5-dimethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1-methylheptyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl and n-octadecyl are preferred. Under these are n-pentyl, tert-amyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, isoamyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 1-ethylpentyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-octyl, 1,5-dimethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1-methylheptyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl and n-octadecyl are particularly preferred.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon groups may be represented by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or be substituted alicyclic hydrocarbon groups.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include groups having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, such as benzyl, methylenenaphthyl, methylenefluorenyl, methyleneanthranyl, methyl lencyclopropyl, methylenecyclobutyl, methylenecyclopentyl, methylenecyclohexyl, methylene-2-methylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexyl, Methylenadamantyl, methylenecyclopropylmethyl, methylenecyclobutylmethyl and methylenecyclopentylmethyl. Among these, there are preferably used groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, such as benzyl, methylenenaphthyl, methylenfluorenyl, methyleneanthranyl, methylenecyclobutyl, methylenecyclopentyl, methylenecyclohexyl, methylene-2-methylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl, Methylene-2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl, methylene-2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexyl, methyleneadamantyl, methylenecyclopropylmethyl, methylenecyclobutylmethyl and methylenecyclopentylmethyl.

The Alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include, for example, groups 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and groups of 7 to 30 carbon atoms are more preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, Adamantyl and norbornyl.

The Alicyclic hydrocarbon groups can be aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups as substituents. examples for the alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups as substituents include groups having from 7 to 30 carbon atoms, such as, for example, 2-methylcyclohexyl, 2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, Cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopropylphenyl, cyclobutylphenyl, cyclopentylphenyl and cyclohexylphenyl.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the definition of R ¹ means that the carbon atom directly bonded to the nitrogen of the above-described general formula (I) is a constituent of an aliphatic skeleton, even if the group contains aromatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups. Substituent, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in the definition means that the carbon atom directly bonded to the nitrogen of the above-described general formula (I) is a constituent of an alicyclic skeleton, even if the group is aromatic hydrocarbon group or aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Substituent has.

R ² to R ⁵ may be the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbyl group-substituted silyl, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group or a sulfur-containing group.

Examples for the Hydrocarbon group is an unbranched or branched alkyl group with 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert -butyl, neopentyl or n -hexyl; an unbranched or branched one Alkenyl group having 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl or isopropenyl; an unbranched or branched alkynyl group having 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 Carbon atoms such as ethynyl or propargyl, a cyclic saturated Hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl; a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms such as cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl or fluorenyl; an aryl group of 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as, for example, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, Biphenylyl, terphenylyl, phenanthryl or anthryl; and an alkyl-substituted one Aryl group such as tolyl, iso-propylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, Dimethylphenyl or di-tert-butylphenyl.

The Hydrocarbon groups described above may be substituted with halogen be, and examples of a halo-substituted hydrocarbon group are halogenated Hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as trifluoromethyl, pentafluorophenyl or chlorophenyl.

Further can the hydrocarbon groups described above have other hydrocarbon group substituents have, and examples of the hydrocarbon groups substituted hydrocarbon groups are aryl-substituted alkyl groups such as benzyl or Cumyl.

Among them, particularly preferred are the following: a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl or n-hexyl; an aryl group of 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl, phenanthryl or anthryl; and a substituted aryl group of these aryl groups having 1 to 5 substituents such as halogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and aryloxy groups having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

Examples for the Hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group are as follows: Hydrocarbon-substituted Silyl groups such as methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, Ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tricyclohexylsilyl, Phenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl, Dimethylphenylsilyl, methyldiphenylsilyl, tritolylsilyl, trinaphthylsilyl, Dimethyl (pentafluorophenyl) silyl. Among these are methylsilyl, Dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, Dimethylphenylsilyl and triphenylsilyl, and trimethylsilyl, Triethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl and dimethylphenylsilyl are especially prefers.

The Oxygenated group is a group containing 1 to 5 oxygen atoms in the group contains. examples for the oxygen-containing groups are a hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, Aryloxy group, arylalkoxy group, acetoxy group, carbonyl group, Ester group, ether group, acyl group, carboxyl group, carbonato group, Peroxy group and carbocyclic anhydride group, and a hydroxy group, Alkoxy group, aryloxy group, arylalkoxy group, acetoxy group and Carbonyl group is preferred. Examples of a preferred oxygen-containing Group are hydroxyl, an alkoxy group such as methoxyl, Ethoxyl, n-propoxyl, isopropoxyl, n-butoxyl, isobutoxyl and tert-butoxyl; Aryloxy groups such as, for example, phenoxyl, methylphenoxyl, 2,6-dimethylphenoxyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenoxyl and naphthoxyl; Arylalkoxyl groups such as for example, phenylmethoxyl and phenylethoxyl; acetoxyl; and carbonyl.

If the oxygen-containing group contains carbon atoms the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20.

The nitrogen-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms in the group contains. examples for the nitrogen-containing groups are an amino group, imino group, Amido group, imido group, nitro group, hydrazino group, hydrazone group, Nitroso group, cyano group, isocyano group, cyanic acid ester group, Amidino group, diazo group, amino group in ammonium salt form and preferred are an amino group, imino group, amido group, imido group and nitro group. examples for a preferred nitrogen-containing group is an amino group such as for example, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, Dibutylamino, dicyclohexylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, Dinaphthylamino, methylphenylamino; an imino group such as Methylimino, ethylimino, propylimino, butylimino and phenylimino; an amido group such as acetamido, N-methylacetamido and N-methylbenzamido; an imido group such as acetimido and benzimido; and a nitro group. If the nitrogenous Contains group carbon atoms, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20.

The Sulfur-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 sulfur atoms in the group contains. examples for the sulfur-containing groups are a sulfonate group, sulfinate group, Alkylthio group, arylthio group, mercapto group, thioester group, Dithioester group, thioacyl group, thioether group, thiocyanic acid ester group, Isothiocyansäureestergruppe, Sulfonic ester group, sulfonamide group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, Sulfo group, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group and sulfenyl group, and preferred are a sulfonate group, sulfinate group, alkylthio group and arylthio group. examples for the preferred sulfur-containing group is a sulfonate group such as for example, methylsulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, phenylsulfonate, benzylsulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, trimethylbenzenesulfonate, triisobutylbenzenesulfonate, p-chlorobenzenesulfonate, pentafluorobenzenesulfonate; a sulfinate group such as methylsulfinate, phenylsulfinate, benzylsulfinate, p-toluenesulfinate, trimethylbenzenesulfinate and pentafluorobenzenesulfinate; an alkylthio group such as methylthio and ethylthio and an arylthio group such as phenylthio, methylphenylthio and naphthylthio. When the sulfur-containing group has carbon atoms contains the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20.

R ⁶ is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl group, and similar groups as exemplified for the above-described R ² and R ⁵ are specific examples.

Regarding the The above-described substituent will become a more detailed description delivered.

As R ⁴ , a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a stick a nitrogen-containing group or a sulfur-containing group is preferable, and an oxygen-containing group such as an alkoxy group, aryloxy group and hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing group such as an amino group, imino group, amido group, imido group and nitro group and a sulfur-containing group such as an alkylthio group and arylthio group are more preferable. and an alkoxy group, aryloxy group and amino group are more preferable, and particularly preferable is an alkoxy group.

A preferred hydrocarbon group for R ⁶ is a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl; a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl; an aryl group having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl and triphenylyl; and these groups having alkyl groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and aryl groups having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, as substituents.

A preferred hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl group as R ⁶ is methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl and dimethyl (pentafluorophenyl) silyl. Particularly preferred groups are trimethylsilyl, triethylphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, isophenylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl and dimethyl (pentafluorophenyl) silyl.

A group selected from the following groups is particularly preferred for R ⁶ : a branched alkyl group of 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, carbon atoms such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and neopentyl; a group (e.g., a cumyl group) obtained by substituting hydrogen atoms of these groups by an aryl group having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20, carbon atoms; and a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, carbon atoms such as adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Further, aryl groups having 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20, carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthranyl and phenanthryl, and hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups are also preferable.

Two or more groups of R ² to R ⁶ , preferably adjacent groups, may be linked together to form an alicyclic group, an aromatic ring or heteroatoms such as nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon rings, and these rings may have further substituents.

m is 1 or 2 and preferably 2.

When m is 2, at least one of the groups designated R ² to R ⁶ belonging to any one ligand may be bonded to at least one of the groups designated R ² to R ⁶ belonging to another ligand, and when m 2, the respective groups R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ^{6 may be} identical or different.

n is a number that corresponds to the valence of M, and is in particular an integer from 2 to 4, preferably 2.

X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group Group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a residual group of a heterocyclic compound, a silicon-containing Group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group, the oxygen-containing group and the sulfur-containing group are groups corresponding to those exemplified for R ² to R ⁶ . However, the oxygen-containing group and the sulfur-containing group do not include residues of heterocyclic compounds.

The Close halogen atoms Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

As nitrogen-containing groups, the following are unique groups: an amino group, alkylamino groups such as methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino and di cyclohexylamino; and arylamino or alkylarylamino groups such as phenylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, dinaphthylamino and methylphenylamino.

The boron-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 boron atoms in the group and does not include the later-described residues of a heterocyclic compound. Examples of the boron-containing groups are borandiyl group, boranetriyl group, diboranyl group and BR ₄ (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, (substituted) aryl group, a halogen atom and the like).

The aluminum-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 aluminum atoms in the group. Examples of the aluminum-containing groups are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, carbon atoms having one or two substituents and AlR ₄ (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, a (substituted) aryl group and a halogen atom).

The Phosphorus-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 phosphorus atoms in the group contains and close no later described residues of a heterocyclic compound. Examples for the phosphorus-containing groups are a phosphoryl group, thiophosphoryl group, Phosphine group, phosphite group, phosphonic acid group and phosphinic acid group, and preferred are a phosphine group, phosphite group, phosphonic acid group and phosphinic acid group. As preferred phosphorus-containing groups, the following are unique Groups: a trialkylphosphine group such as trimethylphosphine, Tributylphosphine and tricyclohexylphosphine; a triarylphosphine group such as triphenylphosphine and tritolylphosphine; a Phosphite group (phosphide group) such as methyl phosphite, Ethyl phosphite and phenyl phosphite; a phosphonic acid group and a phosphinic acid group.

As the halogen-containing group are included groups containing at least one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Unique groups as the halogen-containing group are fluorine-containing groups such as PF ₆ , BF ₄ , chlorine-containing groups such as ClO ₄ , SbCl ₆ , and iodine-containing groups such as IO ₄ .

Of the Residual of a heterocyclic compound is a group containing a or more heteroatoms in the ring structure, and close the heteroatoms Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and boron. As a ring structure are 3- to 18-membered rings, preferably 4- to 7-membered and more preferably 5 to 6 membered ones. Especially the following are included: residues of nitrogenous compounds such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline and triazine; Residues of oxygenated compounds such as furan and pyran; and residues of sulfur containing compounds such as Thiophene, and further the groups obtained by substitution these residues of heterocyclic compounds by substituent groups such as alkyl groups having 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, carbon atoms, and alkoxy groups of 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, carbon atoms.

The silicon-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 silicon atoms in the group contains. As the silicon-containing group, the following are included: a Silyl group, siloxy group, hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl group, Hydrocarbon-substituted siloxy group, hydrocarbon-substituted Silyl ether group, silicon-substituted alkyl group and silicon-substituted Aryl group, and preferred are a hydrocarbon-substituted Silyl group, hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl ether group, silicon-substituted Alkyl group and silicon-substituted aryl group. As preferred silicon-containing group are the following unique groups: hydrocarbon-substituted Silyl groups such as methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, Ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tricyclohexylsilyl, Phenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl, Dimethylphenylsilyl, methyldiphenylsilyl, tritolylsilyl, trinaphthylsilyl, Dimethyl (pentafluorophenyl) silyl; Hydrocarbon-substituted Silyl ether groups such as trimethylsilyl ether; silicon-substituted Alkyl groups such as trimethylsilylmethyl; and silicon-substituted Aryl groups such as trimethylsilylphenyl; and especially preferred is a hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl group. Among the hydrocarbyl-substituted silyl groups are methylsilyl, Dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, Dimethylphenylsilyl and triphenylsilyl are particularly preferred. If The silicon-containing group containing carbon atoms is the number of carbon atoms preferably in the range of 1 to 30, more preferably in the range from 1 to 20.

When germanium-containing group are groups obtained by substitution of the Silicon in the silicon-containing groups described above Germanium distinct groups.

When tin-containing group are groups obtained by substitution of silicon in the silicon-containing groups described above by germanium distinct groups.

In X is preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, more preferably a hydrogen atom Halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group. Furthermore can then, when X is a number of 2 or greater, the groups X are identical or different from each other, and the groups X may be under Formation of a ring to be interconnected.

Selected connections the transition metal compound described above the defined general formula (I) are given below, however, it does not need mentioning that the transition metal compound is not limited to these compounds.

In the compounds represented, Me is a methyl group, ⁱ Pr is an isopropyl group, ⁿ Bu is an n-butyl group, ^t Bu is a tert-butyl group, ^{n is} pentyl, an n-pentyl group, ^{n is} hexyl, an n-hexyl group, ⁿ heptyl is an n-heptyl group, ⁿ Octyl an n-octyl group, ⁿ nonyl an n-nonyl group, ⁿ decyl an n-decyl group, ⁿ undecyl an n-undecyl group, ⁿ dodecyl an n-dodecyl group, ⁿ octadecyl an n-octadecyl group and Ph a phenyl group.

Regarding the transition metal compounds described above can According to the invention, the compounds be used in which zirconium in addition to the zirconium metal Metals such as titanium and hafnium are replaced.

The process for producing the transition metal compound of the above-described general Formula (I) is not particularly limited, and the compound can be produced, for example, as described below.

The transition metal compound of the general formula (I) can be synthesized by reacting a compound (a ligand precursor) capable of forming ligands such as a thiosalicylidene ligand and an anilino ligand with a transition metal M-containing compound MX _k (M and X the same groups M and X are as in general formula (I) described above, and k is a number corresponding to the valence of M).

Of the Ligand precursor, capable of forming thiosalicylidene ligands, can be obtained by reaction of, for example, thiosalicylaldehyde compounds with either aniline compounds or amine compounds.

Of the Ligand precursor can also be obtained by reacting o-Acylbenzolthiol with either aniline compounds or amine compounds.

Especially can the precursor for example, by dissolving a thiosalicylaldehyde compound or of o-acylbenzenethiol together with an aniline compound, which is unsubstituted on the nitrogen atom, or a primary amine compound in a solvent and stirring the resulting solution for about 1 to 48 hours at room temperature or under reflux. As the solvent to be used is an alcohol solvent such as methanol and ethanol and a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene and the like are preferred. As a catalyst For example, an acid catalyst such as formic acid, acetic acid and toluenesulphonic be used. While the reaction is a drainage of the system with a Dean-Stark trap to promote the reaction. When Dehydrating agent may be a molecular sieve, magnesium sulfate, Sodium sulfate and the like can be used.

Of the Anilinoligandenvorläufer can be obtained by reacting an o-formaniline compound with either an aniline compound or an amino compound. The ligand precursor can also be obtained by reacting o-acylaniline with either an anilinoic acid or an amine.

Especially may be the ligand precursor be synthesized in the same way as described above, for example, either one unsubstituted at the nitrogen atom o-Formylanilinverbindung or unsubstituted at the nitrogen atom o-acylaniline and either one unsubstituted at the nitrogen atom Aniline compound or a primary Amine compound is used.

The o-acylaniline to be used can be obtained by reduction the carboxylic acid group for example, an o-aminobenzoic acid compound. Further supplies also the N-alkylation of an anthranyl compound the corresponding N-alkyl-o-acylanilinverbindung.

The Implementation of a method obtained by the method described above Ligand precursor with a transition metal M-containing compound provides the corresponding transition metal compound. In particular, a transition metal compound to be obtained by dissolving a ligand precursor in a solvent, Contacting the resulting solution with a base, as far as necessary to produce a thiophene oxide or anilino salt, and subsequent Mixing the generated substance with a transition metal M-containing compound such as a metal halide or an alkylated one Metal compound at a low temperature and stirring the Mixture at -78 ° C to room temperature or under reflux for 1 to 24 hours.

When solvents to be used are polar solvents such as ethers and tetrahydrofuran and a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene, and other solvents may be used as these solvents be used. examples for close preferred bases Lithium salts such as n-butyllithium; Sodium salts like for example, sodium hydride; nitrogenous compounds such as For example, pyridine or triethylamine include, but are not limited to.

In dependence from the transition metal compound to be used can without the requirement of a thiophene oxide or anilino salt to prepare a ligand precursor and a metal compound are reacted directly with each other, thereby a corresponding compound is synthesized.

The structure of the obtained transition metal compound is determined by ¹ H-NMR at 270 MHz (Nippon Electronic Company GSH-270), FT-IR (SHIMADZU FT-IR8200D), FD mass spectrometry (Nippon Electronic Company SX-102A), a metal content analyzer (dry ashing, dilute nitric acid dissolution, and subsequent analysis by ICP method; SHIMADZU ICPS-8000), a carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content analyzer (Edulmentale GmbH CHNO type) etc.

A transition metal compound prepared by the method described above becomes after a conventional one separated and used for the polymerization, and on the other hand, the reaction solution may be composed of a ligand precursor and a metal compound without separation of the transition metal compound such as she is for the polymerization can be used.

Such transition metal compounds, as defined by the formula (I) may be alone or in one Combination of two or more species used as olefin polymerization catalysts become.

at It is a preferred one for the preparation of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) Example that the transition metal compound (a1) described above together with at least one type of compounds (b) selected from (b-1) an organometallic compound, (b-2) an organoaluminum oxy-compound and (b-3) a compound obtained by reaction with a transition metal compound is capable of forming ion pairs.

(b-1) An organometallic compound

• (b-1a) eine Organoaluminiumverbindung der allgemeinen Formel R^a _mAl(OR^b)_nH_pX_q worin R^a und R^b identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein können und Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen mit 1 bis 15, vorzugsweise 1 bis 4, Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen; X ein Halogenatom ist; m die Bedingung 0 < m ≤ 3 erfüllt; n die Bedingung 0 ≤ n < 3 erfüllt; p die Bedingung 0 ≤ p < 3 erfüllt; q die Bedingung 0 ≤ q < 3 erfüllt; und m + n + p + q = 3 ist;
• (b-1b) alkylierte Komplexe eines Metalls der Gruppe I des Periodensystems und Aluminium mit der allgemeinen Formel M²AlR^a ₄ worin M² Li, Na oder K ist und R^a eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 15, vorzugsweise 1 bis 4, Kohlenstoffatomen ist; und
• (b-1c) Dialkylverbindungen eines Metalls der Gruppe II oder XII der allgemeinen Formel R^aR^bM³ worin R^a und R^b identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein können und Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen mit 1 bis 15, vorzugsweise 1 bis 4, Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen und M³ Mg, Zn oder Cd ist.

Specific examples of (b-1) organic metal compounds used for producing the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) are organometallic compounds of Groups I, II, XII and XIII of the Periodic Table, and are shown below.

• (b-1a) an organoaluminum compound of the general formula R ^a _m Al (OR ^b ) _n H _p X _q wherein R ^a and R ^{b may be the} same or different and represent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms; X is a halogen atom; m satisfies the condition 0 <m ≦ 3; n satisfies the condition 0 ≤ n <3; p satisfies the condition 0 ≦ p <3; q satisfies the condition 0 ≤ q <3; and m + n + p + q = 3;
• (b-1b) alkylated complexes of a metal of group I of the periodic table and aluminum with the general formula M ² AlR ^a ₄ wherein M ^{2 is} Li, Na or K and R ^{a is} a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms; and
• (b-1c) Dialkyl compounds of a metal of group II or XII of the general formula R ^a R ^b M ³ wherein R ^a and R ^{b may be the} same or different and are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms and M ^{3 is} Mg, Zn or Cd.

Examples of organoaluminum compounds belonging to the above-defined compounds (b-1a) are:
an organoaluminum compound of the general formula R ^a _m Al (OR ^b ) _3-m wherein R ^a and R ^{b may be the} same or different and represent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, and m is an integer preferably satisfying 1.5 ≤ m ≤ 3;
an organoaluminum compound of the general formula R ^a _m AlX _3-m wherein R ^{a is} a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, X is a halo genatom, and m preferably satisfies 0 <m <3;
an organoaluminum compound of the general formula R ^a _m AlH _3-m wherein R ^{a is} a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, and m is preferably 2 ≦ m <3; and
an organoaluminum compound of the general formula R ^a _m Al (OR ^b ) _n X _q wherein R ^a and R ^{b may be the} same or different and represent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, m 0 <m ≤ 3 satisfies; satisfies n 0 ≤ n <3; q 0 ≤ q <3 and m + n + q = 3.

As the organoaluminum compound belonging to the above-defined compound (b-1a), the following more concrete examples are:
Tri-n-alkylaluminum such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum and tridecylaluminum;
tri-branched alkylaluminum such as triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-sec-butylaluminum, tri-tert-butylaluminum, tri-2-methylpentylaluminum, tri-3-methylpentylaluminum, tri-4-methylpentylaluminum, tri-2-methylhexylaluminum, tri-3 methylhexylaluminum and tri-2-ethylhexylaluminum;
Tricycloalkylaluminum such as tricyclohexylaluminum and tricyclooctylaluminum;
Triarylaluminum such as triphenylaluminum and tritolylaluminum;
Dialkylaluminum hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride;
Trialkenylaluminum such as triisoprenylaluminum of the formula (iC ₄ H ₉ ) Al (CH ₅ H ₁₀ ) ₂ where x, y and z are integers and z ≥ 2X;
Alkylaluminum alkoxide such as isobutylaluminum methoxide, isobutylaluminum ethoxide and isobutylaluminum propoxide;
Dialkylaluminum alkoxide such as dimethylaluminum methoxide and diethylaluminum ethoxide, dibutylaluminum bidixide;
Alkylaluminum sesquialkoxide such as ethylaluminum sesquiethoxide and butylaluminum sesquibotixide;
partially alkoxylated alkylaluminum having an average composition represented by Ra _2.5 Al (OR ^b ) _0.5 ;
Dialkylaluminum aryloxide such as diethylaluminum phenoxide, diethylaluminum (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide), ethylaluminum bis (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide), diisobutylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide) and isobutylaluminum bis (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide);
Dialkylaluminum halide such as dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, dibutylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum bromide and diisobutylaluminum chloride;
Alkylaluminum sesquihalide such as ethylaluminum sesquichloride, butylaluminum sesquichloride and ethylaluminum sesquibromide;
partially halogenated alkylaluminum such as alkylaluminum dihalide including ethylaluminum dichloride, propylaluminum dichloride and butylaluminum dibromide;
Dialkylaluminum hydride such as diethylaluminum hydride and dibutylaluminum hydride;
partially hydrogenated alkylaluminum such as alkylaluminum dihydride including ethylaluminum dihydride and propylaluminum dihydride; and
partially alkoxylated and halogenated alkylaluminum such as ethylaluminum ethoxychloride, butylaluminum butoxychloride and ethylaluminum ethoxybromide.

Further, compounds corresponding to the defined compounds (b-1a) can be used, and among them is, for example, an organoaluminum compound comprising two or more aluminum compounds linked together by a nitrogen atom. A concrete combination of these compounds is (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₂ AlN (C ₂ H ₅ ) Al (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₂ .

As compounds belonging to the above-defined compound (b-1b), LiAl (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₄ , LiAl (C ₇ H ₁₅ ) ₄ and the like are concrete examples.

Further are as the organometallic compound (b-1) z. For example, use the following: Methyllithium, ethyllithium, propyllithium, butyllithium, methylmagnesium bromide, Methylmagnesium chloride, ethylmagnesium bromide, ethylmagnesium chloride, Propylmagnesium bromide, propylmagnesium chloride, butylmagnesium bromide, butylmagnesium chloride, Dimethylmagnesium, diethylmagnesium, dibutylmagnesium and butylethylmagnesium.

It can Compounds used to produce the above-described Organoaluminum compounds in the polymerization system capable are such as a combination of an aluminum halide and alkyl lithium and a combination of an aluminum halide and alkylmagnesium.

Under the organometallic compounds (b-1) are organoaluminum compounds prefers.

such Organometallic compounds (b-1) as described above can be used individually or used in a combination of two or more.

(b-2) An organoaluminum oxy-compound

Organoaluminum oxy-compounds (b-2), which may be used to prepare an ethylene (co) polymer (A2), may be conventional well-known aluminoxanes as well as benzene-insoluble organoaluminum oxy-compounds such as those described in U.S. Pat Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-78687 are disclosed.

• (i) Ein Verfahren, worin eine Organoaluminiumverbindung wie beispielsweise Trialkylaluminium, zu einer Suspension eines Kohlenwasserstofflösungsmittels, das ein Salz enthält, das adsorbiertes Wasser oder Kristallwasser enthält, beispielsweise hydratisiertes Magnesiumchlorid, hydratisiertes Kupfersulfat, hydratisiertes Aluminiumsulfat, hydratisiertes Nickelsulfat und hydratisiertes Cerchlorid, zugegeben und eine Umsetzung des adsorbierten Wassers oder Kristallwassers mit der Organoaluminiumverbindung durchgeführt wird.
• (2) Ein Verfahren, worin eine direkte Umsetzung von Wasser, Eis oder Dampf mit einer Organoaluminiumverbindung wie beispielsweise Trialkylaluminium in einem Lösungsmittel wie beispielsweise Benzol, Toluol und Ethylether, Tetrahydrofuran, durchgeführt wird.
• (3) Ein Verfahren, worin die Umsetzung eines Organozinnoxids wie beispielsweise Dimethylzinnoxid und Dibutylzinnoxid mit einer Organoaluminiumverbindung wie beispielsweise Trialkylaluminium in einem Lösungsmittel wie beispielsweise Decan, Benzol und Toluol durchgeführt wird.

For example, a conventional well-known aluminoxane can be prepared by a method as described below, and is generally obtained as a solution in a hydrocarbon solvent.

• (i) A method in which an organoaluminum compound such as trialkylaluminum is added to a suspension of a hydrocarbon solvent containing a salt containing adsorbed water or water of crystallization, for example, hydrated magnesium chloride, hydrated copper sulfate, hydrated aluminum sulfate, hydrated nickel sulfate and hydrated cerium chloride, and Implementation of the adsorbed water or water of crystallization is carried out with the organoaluminum compound.
• (2) A method in which direct reaction of water, ice or steam with an organoaluminum compound such as trialkylaluminum is carried out in a solvent such as benzene, toluene and ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran.
• (3) A method wherein the reaction of an organotin oxide such as dimethyltin oxide and dibutyltin oxide is carried out with an organoaluminum compound such as trialkylaluminum in a solvent such as decane, benzene and toluene.

The Aluminoxane may contain a small amount of organometallic components. It is also acceptable that the solvent or not reacted organoaluminum compound from the separated aluminoxane solution by Distillation is removed, and then the separated compound again in a solvent disbanded or in a bad solvent for aluminoxane is suspended.

When an organoaluminum compound used to prepare an aluminoxane are the same organoaluminum compounds exemplified as organoaluminum compounds leading to the compounds defined above (b-1a), concrete examples.

Under these are trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum preferred, and particularly preferred is trimethylaluminum.

The Organoaluminum compounds described above may be either individually or be used in a combination of two or more of them.

As the solvent used for producing an aluminoxane, the following are usable hydrocarbon solvents: an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene and cymene; an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane and octadecane; an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as Cy clopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane and methylcyclopentane; Petroleum fractions such as gasoline, kerosene and light oil; and halide compounds (e.g., chlorides and bromides) of the above-described aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon and alicyclic hydrocarbon. Further, ethers such as ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran can be used. Among them, an aromatic hydrocarbon or an aliphatic hydrocarbon is particularly preferable.

It is used in the invention benzene Organoaluminum oxy-compound is preferred that the dissolved in benzene at 60 ° C Al component usually 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 2% or less, in units of Al atom. That is, a benzene insoluble or hardly soluble Organoaluminum oxy-compound is preferred.

worin R¹⁰ ein Kohlenwasserstoff mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen ist. Die Gruppen R¹¹ können identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein, und sind ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom und eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen.An organoaluminum oxy-compound (b-2) which is possible to use for producing an ethylene (co) polymer (A1) may also include a boron-containing organoaluminum oxy-compound of the general formula (II) as described below.

wherein R ^{10 is} a hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The groups R ¹¹ may be the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

The boron-containing organoaluminum oxy-compound of the above-described general formula (II) can be prepared by reacting an alkylboronic acid of the general formula (III) R ¹⁰ -B- (OH) ₂ (III) wherein R ^{10 is} the same group as described above, with an organoaluminum compound in an inert solvent in an inert gas atmosphere at -80 ° C to room temperature for 1 minute to 24 hours.

concrete alkylboric acids of the above-described general formula (III) are methylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, isopropylboronic acid, n-propylboronic acid, n-butylboronic acid, isobutylboronic acid, n-hexylboronic acid, cyclohexylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid, 3,5-difluorophenylboronic acid, pentafluorophenylboronic acid, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenylboronic acid , Under these are methylboronic acid, n-butylboronic acid, isobutylboric, 3,5-difluorophenyl boronic acid and pentafluorophenylboronic acid prefers. These compounds are used individually or in combination used from two or more compounds.

A to be reacted with such an alkylboronic acid organoaluminum compound to be used is in particular the same organoaluminum compound as exemplified for the Organoaluminum compounds of the compounds defined above (b-1a) are given as concrete examples.

Under these are preferably trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum, and in particular trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum and Triisobutylaluminum preferred. These compounds are sold individually or used in a combination of two or more of these.

The Organoaluminum oxy compounds (b-2) described above are obtained individually or used in a combination of two or more thereof.

(b-3) A compound produced by reaction with a transition metal compound is capable of forming ion pairs

A compound capable of forming ion pairs by reaction with a transition metal compound (b-3) (hereinafter referred to as "ionizing ionic compound") and the use thereof for producing the ethylene (co) polymer (A2), is a compound which forms ion pairs by reaction with a transition metal compound of the above-described formula (I). Examples of such compounds are Lewis acids, ionic compounds, borane compounds and Carbolanverbindun like in the Japanese Patent Kokai 1-501950 . 1-502036 . 3-179005 . 3-179006 . 3-207703 . 3-207704 and US 5,321,106 are described. Further examples are heteropoly compounds and isopoly compounds.

In particular, among the Lewis acids are compounds defined by BR ₃ (R is a phenyl group optionally substituted with substituents such as fluorine, a methyl group and a trifluoromethyl group, or fluorine), and specific examples are as follows: boron trifluoride , Triphenylboron, tris (4-fluorophenyl) boron, tris (3,5-difluorophenyl) boron, tris (4-fluoromethylphenyl) boron, tris (pentafluorophenyl) boron, tris (p-tolyl) boron, tris (o -tolyl) boron and tris (3,5-dimethylphenyl) boron.

worin R¹² H⁺, ein Carboniumkation, Oxoniumkation, Ammoniumkation, Phosphoniumkation, Cycloheptyltrienylkation oder Ferrocenkation, das ein Übergangsmetall enthält, ist;
R¹³ bis R¹⁶ können identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein und sind eine organische Gruppe, vorzugsweise eine Arylgruppe oder eine substituierte Arylgruppe.Examples of the ionic compounds are the compounds of the general formula (IV) described below.

wherein R ^{12 is} H ⁺ , a carbonium cation, oxonium cation, ammonium cation, phosphonium cation, cycloheptyltrienyl cation or ferrocene cation containing a transition metal;
R ¹³ to R ¹⁶ may be identical or different and are an organic group, preferably an aryl group or a substituted aryl group.

Certain examples for the aforementioned carbonium cation are carbonium cations, the three Substituents include, for example, a triphenylcarbonium cation, Tri (methylphenyl) carbonium cation and tri (dimethylphenyl) carbonium cation.

The conclude above ammonium cations Trialkylammonium cation, such as a trimethylammonium cation, Triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, tributylammonium cation and tri (n-butyl) ammonium cation, N, N-dialkylanilinium cation such as an N, N-dimethylalininium cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation and N, N-2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; and a dialkylammonium cation such as di (isopropyl) ammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation.

The The above phosphonium cations include, for example, triarylphosphonium cations such as a triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (ethylphenyl) phosphonium cation and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.

As R ¹² , a carbonium cation and ammonium cation are preferred, and particularly preferred are a triphenylcarbonium cation, N, N-dimethylanilinium cation and N, N-diethylanilinium cation.

Examples for ionized Connections can trialkyl-substituted ammonium salt, N, N-dialkylanilinium salt, dialkylammonium salt and triarylphosphonium salt.

Examples for a trialkyl substituted ammonium salt include triethylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, tripropylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, Tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, trimethylammonium tetra (p-tolyl) boron, Trimethylammonium tetra (o-tolyl) boron, tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (pentafluorophenyl) boron, Tripropylammonium tetra (o, p -dimethylphenyl) boron, tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (m, m-dimethylphenyl) boron, Tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (p-trifluoromethylphenyl) boron, tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl) boron and tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (o-tolyl) boron.

Examples for N, N-dialkylaluminum salts are N, N-diethylanilinium tetra (phenyl) boron, N, N-diethylaluminum tetra (phenyl) boron and N, N-2,4,6-dimethylanilinium tetra (phenyl) boron.

dialkylammonium shut down for example, di (1-propyl) ammonium tetra (pentafluorophenyl) boron and Dicyclohexylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron.

worin Et eine Ethylgruppe ist.Further, as the ionized compounds, triphenylcarbenium tetraquis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N, N-dimethylanilinium tetraquis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, ferrocenium tetra (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbenium pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex, N, N-diethylanilinium pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex and boron compounds of the following formulas (V) or (VI) to call.

wherein Et is an ethyl group.

Examples of the borane compounds are decaborane (14); anionic salts such as
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) nonaborate,
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) decaborate,
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) undecaborate,
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) dodecaborate,
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) decachloro decaborate and
Bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) dodecachlorododecaborate and

Metal borane anion salts such as salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (dodecahydride dodecaborate) cobaltic acid (III) and salt of bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) bis (dodecahydride decaborate) nickic acid (III).

The carborane compounds include, for example, anionic salts such as 4-carbanone-labane (14), 1,3-dicarbanonaborane (13), 6,9-dicarbadecaborane (14), dodecahydride-1-phenyl-1,3-dicarbanonaborane, dodecahydride-1-methyl 1,3-dicarbanonaborane, undecahydride-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dicarbanonaborane, 7,8-dicarbaundecaborane (13), 2,7-dicarbaundecaborane (13), undecahydride-7,8-methyl-7,8 dicarbaundecaborane, tri (n-butyl) ammonium 1-carbadecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium 1-carbaundecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium 1-carbadodecaborate, tri (n-tributyl) ammonium 1-trimethylsilyl 1-Carbadecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium bromine 1-carbadodecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium 6-carbadecaborate (14), tri (n-butyl) ammonium 6-carbadecaborate (12), tri (n -butyl) ammonium 7-carbaundecaborate (13), tri (n-butyl) ammonium 7,8-dicarbaundecaborate (12), tri (n-butyl) ammonium 2,9-dicarbaundecaborate (12), tri (n-butyl) butyl) ammonium dodecahydride 8-methyl-7,9-dicarbaundecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium undecahydride 8-ethyl-7,9-dicarbaundecaborate, tri ( n-butyl) ammonium undecahydride 8-butyl-7,9-dicarbaundecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium undecahydride 8-allyl-7,9-dicarbaundecaborate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium undecahydride-9-trimethylsilyl-7,8- dicarbaundecaborate and tri (n-butyl) ammonium undecahydride-4,6-dibromo-7-carbaundecaborate; and
Metal carborane anion salts such as, for example, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (nonahydride-1,3-dicarbanonaborate) cobalt (III) acid, tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (undecahydride-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate) iron (III) salt, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (undecahydride-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate) cobalt (III) acid, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (undecahydride-7,8 dicarbaundecaborate) nickel (III) acid, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (undecahydride 7,8-dicarbaundecaborate) copper (III) acid, tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (undecahydride-7,8 dicarbaundecaborate) aurate (III), tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (nonahydride-7,8-dimethyl-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate) iron (III) salt, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis - (nonahydrid-7,8-dimethyl-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate) chromic acid, salt of tri (n-butyl) ammonium bis (tribromoctahydride-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate cobaltic acid, salt of Tris (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) bis (undecahydride-7-carbaundecaborate) chromic (III) acid, salt of bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) bis (undecahydride-7-carbaundecaborate) manganese (IV) acid, bis (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) bis (undecahydride-7-carbaundecaborate) cobalt (III) acid and his (tri (n-butyl) ammonium) bis (undecahydride-7-carbaundecaborate) nickel ( IV) acid.

each The heteropoly compound includes an atom selected from Silicon, phosphorus, titanium, germanium, arsenic and tin, and an or two or more atoms selected from vanadium, niobium, molybdenum and tungsten.

Especially the following are usable: phosphorane vanadate, germanovanadic acid, arsenic vanadate, Phosphoric niobate, germanonioboric acid, Silicomolybdic acid, phosphomolybdate, Titanium molybdate, germanomolybdic acid, arsenic molybdate, Tin molybdate, phosphotungstate, germanotungstic acid, tin tungstate, phosphomolybdovanadic acid, phosphotungsticovanadic acid, germanovolframovanadic acid, phosphomolybdotolframovanadic acid, germanomolybdotolframovanadic acid, phosphomolybdotungstic acid and Phosphormolybdoniobsäure, Salts of these acids, for example, salts of metals of group I or II of the periodic table, especially lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, Magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, and organic salts such as triphenylethyl salt. There is no restriction on the Use of other than these salts and acids.

The ionizing ionic compounds (b-3) described above individually or in a combination of two or more thereof used.

at the preparation of the ethylene (co) polymer (A1) can be the transition metal compound described above (a1) alone or together with at least one of the compounds (b), selected from (b-1) an organometallic compound, (b-2) an organoaluminum oxy-compound and (b-3) a compound obtained by reaction with a transition metal compound for generating ion pairs is able to be used.

worin R¹ bis R⁶, M, m, n und X so definiert sind wie R¹ bis R⁶, M, m, n und X in der oben beschriebenen allgemeinen Formel (I) und Y ein sogenanntes schwach koordiniertes Anion ist.When the transition metal compound (a1) is used in combination with the component (b), the transition metal compound (a1) forms a compound of the general formula (Ia) in the polymerization system as described below.

wherein R ¹ to R ⁶ , M, m, n and X are defined as R ¹ to R ⁶ , M, m, n and X in the above-described general formula (I) and Y is a so-called weakly coordinated anion.

In The above-described general formula (I-a) may be the bond from metal M to Y a covalent bond or an ionic bond be.

Examples of Y are weakly coordinated anions as described in Chemical Review, Vol. 93 (1993), page 927 and WO 98/30612 , Page 6. More specifically, examples are as follows: AlR ₄ ^- (The groups R may be the same or different and are an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom, hydrogen atom, halogen atom or a substituent containing these atoms, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom or halogen atom, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with substituents containing an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom or halogen atom ); or Br ₄ ^-

The groups R may be identical or different and are an oxygen atom, Nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom, hydrogen atom, halogen atom or a substituent containing these atoms; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom or halogen atom; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with substituents containing an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom or halogen atom; or
PF ⁶ , SbF ⁵ , trifluoromethanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate.

One Catalyst for the olefin polymerization may, if desired, be a carrier (c), as described below and / or an organic later described Compound (d) together with the transition metal compound described above (a1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (a1)") and, as far as necessary, at least one of the compounds (b) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (b)") selected from the above-described organometallic compound (b-1), organoaluminum oxy-compound (b-2) and ionizing ionic compound (b-3).

(c) carrier

One carrier (c) optionally for the production of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is a granular or finely divided solid from inorganic or organic compounds.

Under these are, as inorganic compounds, porous oxides, inorganic halogen compounds, clays, Clay minerals and ion-exchangeable lamellar compounds are preferred.

In particular, the following substances are useful as porous oxides: SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , MgO, ZrO, TiO ₂ , B ₂ O ₃ , CaO, ZnO, BaO, ThO ₂ , composite compounds containing these oxides, and mixtures thereof. For example, natural or synthetic zeolites, SiO ₂ -MgO, SiO ₂ -Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ -TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ -V ₂ O ₅ , SiO ₂ -Cr ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ -TiO ₂ -MgO. Among them, preferred are substances containing SiO ₂ and / or Al ₂ O ₃ as a main component.

In addition, the inorganic compounds described above may contain a small amount of carbonate, sulfate, nitrate and oxide components such as Na ₂ CO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , CaCO ₃ , MgCO ₃ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , Ba ₂ SO ₄ , KNO ₃ , Mg (NO ₃ ) ₂ , Al (NO ₃ ) ₃ , Na ₂ O, K ₂ O and Li ₂ O.

Such porous oxides have different properties depending on the type and production method, and it is advantageous for the support preferably used in the present invention if it has a particle diameter of 10 to 300 μm, preferably 20 to 200 μm, a specific surface area in the range of 50 to 1,000 m ² / g, preferably 100 to 700 m ² / g and a volume of fine pores in the range of 0.3 to 3.0 cm ³ / g. Such a carrier may be calcined for use at 100 to 1,000 ° C, preferably 150 to 700 ° C for use.

As the inorganic halogen compound, for example, MgCl ₂ , MgBr ₂ , MnCl ₂ and MnBr ₂ are used. The inorganic halogen compound can be used as it is or after milling with a ball mill or a vibrating mill. Further, an inorganic halogen compound obtained by dissolving an inorganic halogen compound in a solvent such as an alcohol and then precipitating the compound in a finely divided state by means of a precipitating agent may also be used.

One Clay generally comprises clay minerals as major components. A Ion-exchangeable lamellar compound is a compound that has a crystal structure in the surfaces of ionic bonds in are superimposed in parallel manner with weak binding energy, and the ions contained are interchangeable. Almost all clay minerals are ion exchangeable lamellar compounds. It can not only natural but also artificially prepared clays, clay minerals and ion exchangeable lamellars Connections are used.

Examples of clays, clay minerals and ion-exchangeable lamellar compounds are clays, clay minerals and ionic crystal compounds which have a lamellar crystal structure such as the hexagonal closest packing type, the antimony type, the CdCl ₂ -type or the CdI ₂ -type.

Examples of such clays and clay minerals are: kaolin, bentonite, kibushi clay, Gaerom clay, allo phan, hisingerite, pyrophyllite, minerals of the mica group, montmorillonite clays, vermiculite, chlorite group minerals, palygorskite, kaolinite, nacrit, dickite and halloysite, and examples of the ion-exchangeable lamellar compounds are the following crystalline acidic salts of polyvalent metals: α-Zr (HAsO ₄ ) ₂ -H ₂ O, α-Zr (HPO ₄ ) ₂ , α-Zr (KPO ₄ ) ₂ -3H ₂ O, α-Ti (HPO ₄ ) ₂ , α-Ti (HAsO ₄ ) ₂ .H ₂ O, α-Sn (HPO ₄ ) ₂ .H ₂ O, γ-Zr (HPO ₄ ) ₂ , γ-Ti (HPO ₄ ) ₂ and γ-Ti (NH ₄ PO ₄ ) ₂ .H ₂ O.

Such clays, clay minerals and ion-exchangeable lamellar compounds preferably have a pore volume of fine pores having a radius of 20 Å or more, as measured by a mercury pressure penetration method, of 0.1 cm ³ / g or more, more preferably 0.3 to 5 cm ³ / g , The pore volume of fine pores having a radius in the range of 20 to 3 × 10 ⁴ Å is measured by a mercury pressure penetration method using a mercury porosimeter.

In the case of a substance having a pore volume of fine pores having a radius of 20 Å or longer of less than 0.1 cm ³ / g as a carrier, it becomes difficult to obtain a high polymerization activity.

Further For example, it is preferred to chemically treat the clays and clay minerals.

When chemical treatment can be applied to any treatment such as a surface treatment for removal of adhering to the surface Impurities, a treatment that the crystal structure of the Affects toner, and the like. In particular, as chemical Treatment an acid treatment, Alkali treatment, salt treatment and treatment with organic Substances included. The acid treatment provides removal of impurities on the surface, whereas Cations such as Al, Fe and mg in the crystal structure thereby eluting, which leads to an increase in the surface area. The Crystal structure of a clay is broken by the alkali treatment, what a change the clay structure leads. About that Beyond by the salt treatment and the treatment with organic Substances ion complexes, molecular complexes and organic derivatives formed, whereby the surface area and the interface spacing changed become.

An ion-exchangeable lamellar compound may be a lamellar compound in which the interlayer distance is broadened by exchanging exchangeable ions in the interlayers with other bulky ions based on the ion exchange properties. Such a voluminous ion acts as a pillar supporting the lamellar structure and is commonly referred to as a pillar. The introduction of another substance in the interlayer gap of a lamellar compound is called intercalation. Examples of guest compounds to be intercalated are: cationic inorganic compounds such as TiCl ₄ and ZrCl ₄ ; Metal alkoxides (R is a hydrocarbon group) such as Ti (OR) ₄ , Zr (OR) ₄ , PO (OR) ₃ and B (OR) ₃ ; and metal hydroxide ions such as [Al ₁₃ O ₄ (OH) _24] ^7+, [Zr ₄ (OH) _14] ^2+, [Fe ₃ O (OCOCH _{3) 6]} ^+. These compounds are used singly or in a combination of two or more thereof. Further, at the time of intercalation, a polymer obtained by hydrolysis of a metal alkoxide such as Si (OR) ₄ , Al (OR) ₃ and Ge (OR) ₄ (R is a hydrocarbon), and a colloidal inorganic compound such as for example SiO ₂ . Examples of the pillars are oxides prepared by thermal dehydration after intercalation of the metal hydroxide ions described above. Clays, clay minerals, and ion-exchangeable lamellar compounds can be used as they are, or after treatment with a ball mill or sieve. Further, they can be used after addition and adsorption of water to and onto them and after heat-dehydration treatment. In addition, they may be used singly or in combination of two or more thereof.

Under these are preferred clays or clay minerals, and particularly preferred are montmorillonite, vermiculite, pectolite, taeniolite and synthetic Mica.

Examples of the organic compounds are granular or fine particulate solids having a particle diameter of 10 to 300 μm. Among the organic compounds are, in particular, copolymers prepared from mainly C _2-14 α-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and 4-methyl-1-pentene; Copolymers mainly made of vinylcyclohexane and styrene and their modified substances.

(d) An organic compound component

An organic compound (d) may be used for the purpose of improving the polymerization properties and the physical properties of a produced polymer as needed in the production of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2). Examples of such organic compounds are alcohols, phenol compounds, carboxylic acids, phosphorus compounds and sulfonic acid salts, and compounds other than these may be used.

As alcohols and phenolic compounds, compounds defined as R ²⁰ -OH are commonly used. R ²⁰ in this case is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.

For alcohols, R ^{20 is} preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon group. On the other hand, it is preferable for the phenol compounds to be substituted with a hydrocarbon and 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the α, α'-position of the hydroxyl group.

The carboxylic acids used are usually compounds of the formula R ²¹ -COOH. R ²¹ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and particularly preferred is a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.

When Phosphorus compounds are preferably phosphoric acids with P-O-H bond, phosphates and phosphine oxides with P-OR, P = O bond used.

worin M ein Element der Metalle der Gruppe I oder der Gruppe XIV des Periodensystems ist, R²³ eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; X ein Wasserstoffatom, ein Halogenatom, eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, m eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 7 ist, und n 1 ≤ n ≤ 7 erfüllt.As the sulfonic acid salts, those of the general formula (VII) as described below are used.

wherein M is an element of the metals of Group I or Group XIV of the Periodic Table, R ^{23 is} a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 1 to 7, and n 1 ≦ n ≦ 7.

• (1) ein Verfahren unter Zugabe einer Komponente (a1) und einer Komponente (b) in beliebiger Reihenfolge in einen Polymerisator;
• (2) ein Verfahren unter Zugabe von Katalysatorkomponenten, die einen Träger (c) umfassen, der eine Komponente (a1) und eine Komponente (b) trägt, in beliebiger Reihenfolge in einen Polymerisator;
• (3) ein Verfahren unter Zugabe von Katalysatorkomponenten, die einen Träger (c) umfassen, der eine Komponente (b) und eine Komponente (a1) in beliebiger Reihenfolge trägt in einen Polymerisator; und
• (4) ein Verfahren unter Zugabe von Katalysatorkomponenten, die einen Träger (c) umfassen, der sowohl eine Komponente (a1) als auch eine Komponente (b) umfasst, in einen Polymerisator.

At the time of polymerization, the methods described below are applicable, with the manner of using each component and the order of addition of the components being optional:

• (1) a method of adding a component (a1) and a component (b) in any order to a polymerizer;
• (2) a method of adding catalyst components comprising a carrier (c) carrying a component (a1) and a component (b) in any order in a polymerizer;
• (3) a method of adding catalyst components comprising a carrier (c) carrying a component (b) and a component (a1) in any order in a polymerizer; and
• (4) A method of adding catalyst components comprising a carrier (c) comprising both a component (a1) and a component (b) into a polymerizer.

In The above-described respective processes (1) to (4) can be at least two of the respective catalyst components in advance with each other in Be brought in contact.

In the above-described methods (3) and (4), in which the component (b) is deposited, a component (b) that is not on a carrier is deposited, if necessary added in any order become. In this case, you can the components (b) are identical or different from each other.

In the solid catalyst components comprising the carrier (c) which is the component (a1) and component (b) bears, For example, an olefin may be polymerized in advance, and pre-polymerized solid catalyst components can additional catalyst components are deposited.

The polymerization can be carried out by any of the following methods:
Liquid phase polymerization method such as solution polymerization and suspension polymerization and gas phase polymerization method. Among the methods, suspension polymerization is preferred.

When an inert hydrocarbon solvent, in liquid phase polymerization The following are specific examples: an aliphatic one Hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, Heptane, octane, decane, dodecane and kerosene; an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane; an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene and xylene; and a halogenated hydrocarbon such as Ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane, and mixtures thereof. An olefin itself can also be used as the solvent.

At the time of carrying out the copolymerization using the above-described olefin polymerization catalyst, a component (a1) is added so that the concentration is usually 10 ^-12 to 10 ^-2 mol, preferably 10 ^-10 to 10 ^-3 mol / l of the reaction volume is held.

A optionally used component (b-1) is added so that the molar ratio ((b-1) / M) component (b-1) to the transition metal (M) in the component (a1) normally within 0.01 to 100,000, and preferably 0.05 to 50,000 is maintained.

A optionally used component (b-2) is added as the molar ratio ((b-2) / M) of aluminum atom in component (b-2) to transition metal (M) in component (a1) in the range of usually 10 to 500,000 and preferably 20 to 100,000 is kept.

A optionally used component (b-3) is added so that the molar ratio ((b-3) / M) the component (b-3) to the transition metal (M) of component (a1) within normally 1 to 10 and preferably 1 to 5 is maintained.

A optionally used component (d) is added so that the molar ratio ((d) / (b-1)) within normally 0.01 to 10 and preferably 0.1 to 5 is maintained when the component (b) is a component (b-1), the molar ratio ((d) / (b-2)) will normally be in the range of 0.001 to 2, and preferably 0.005 to 1 when component (b) is a component (b-2) is, or the molar ratio ((d) / (b-3)) will be within normally 0.01 to 10 and preferably 0.1 to 5 when the component (b) is a component (b-3) is.

In the case of using such a catalyst for olefin polymerization, the polymerization temperature is usually -50 to + 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 200 ° C, and more preferably 60 to 170 ° C. The polymerization pressure is generally normal pressure to 100 kg / cm ² , and more preferably normal pressure to 50 kg / cm ² ; and the polymerization reaction may be carried out by any method such as single-batch, semi-continuous and continuous. Although the polymerization may be carried out separately in two or more stages under different reaction conditions, single-stage polymerization is preferred.

If an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) e.g. B. made in 2 steps becomes an ethylene (co) polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 2.5 dl / g produced in a first step, and an ethylene (co) polymer with an intrinsic viscosity from 2.0 to 20 dl / g in a subsequent step.

The Molecular weight of the produced ethylene (co) polymer (Al) can be either by hydrogen present in the polymerization system or by change the polymerization temperature can be adjusted. Furthermore, the Molecular weight due to differences in the component to be used (b) be adjusted.

If a polyethylene (co) polymer (A2) an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) may be e.g. B. by forming the Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) using a polymerization apparatus in a 2 or more stage polymerization be prepared under different reaction conditions. Especially becomes the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) by polymerization in a in a preliminary step and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) formed in a subsequent step. Alternatively, the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) formed in a preliminary step and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is formed in a subsequent step.

Further is using a variety of polymerization the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) by polymerization in a polymerizer and then the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) by polymerization in one other polymerization apparatus in the presence of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) formed. Alternatively, the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) by polymerization in a polymerization apparatus and then the Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) by polymerization in another polymerizer in the presence of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) formed.

The Polymerization conditions in an ethylene (co) polymer (A2), the the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2), within the ranges of production conditions for the above-described ethylene (co) polymer.

• (1) Ein Verfahren durch mechanisches Mischen eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-1), eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-2) und weiteren wahlweise hinzuzufügenden Komponenten mittels eines Extruders, eines Kneters oder dergleichen.
• (2) Ein Verfahren durch Lösen eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-1), eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-2) und weiteren wahlweise hinzuzufügenden Komponenten in einem guten Lösungsmittel (z. B. Kohlenwasserstofflösungsmittel, wie Hexan, Heptan, Decan, Cyclohexan, Benzol, Toluol, Xylol und dergleichen) und anschließendes Entfernen des Lösungsmittels.
• (3) Ein Verfahren durch getrenntes Lösen eines Ethylen-(Co)polymer (A2-1), eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2-2) und weiteren wahlweise hinzuzufügenden Komponenten in gut geeigneten Lösungsmitteln, Mischen der jeweiligen resultierenden Lösungen und anschließendes Entfernen der Lösungsmittel.
• (4) Ein Verfahren unter Kombination der Verfahren (1) bis (3).

An ethylene (co) polymer (A2) comprising the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) can also be prepared by a method described below.

• (1) A method of mechanically mixing an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1), an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) and other optional components by means of an extruder, a kneader or the like.
• (2) A method by dissolving an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1), an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2), and other optional components to be added in a good solvent (e.g., hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane , Heptane, decane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene and the like) and then removing the solvent.
• (3) A method of separately dissolving an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1), an ethylene (co) polymer (A2-2) and other optional components in well-suited solvents, mixing the respective resulting solutions, and then Remove the solvents.
• (4) A method combining methods (1) to (3).

Method of measuring physical properties

The physical properties of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can be measured in the following manner.

Production of a test sample

To 100 parts by weight of powdered Ethylene (co) polymers are 0.05 parts by weight of tri (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate as a secondary Antioxidant, 0.1% by weight of n-octadecyl-3- (4'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate as a heat-resistant stabilizer and 0.05 part by weight of calcium stearate added as a hydrochloric acid absorbent. Thereafter, the resulting mixture becomes at a set temperature from 180 ° C below Using a Labo Plastomill (a single-batch melt and Kneading device) of Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho melted and kneaded, taken with one at 20 ° C. set cooling press formed into a sheet, and cut into a suitable size, creating a Sample is obtained.

Measurement of the number of methyl branches

The number of methyl branches in a polymer molecular chain per 1,000 carbon atoms is measured by ¹³ C-NMR. The measurement is carried out using a Lambda 500 nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus ( ¹ H: 500 MHz) manufactured by Nippon Electronic Company. The measurement is carried out by 10,000 to 30,000 times integration. The peak at 29.97 ppm of a main chain methylene group is used as the chemical shift standard. 250 to 400 mg of a sample and 3 ml of a liquid mixture of extra-pure o-dichlorobenzene manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and benzene-d ₆ manufactured by ISOTEC in a volume ratio of 5: 1 are charged into a quartz tube of 10 mm in diameter for NMR measurement purposes marketed and heated to 120 ° C, and the sample becomes uniform dispersed in the solvents and then the measurement is carried out. The assignment of the respective absorbance in the NMR spectrum obtained is carried out as described on pages 132 to 133 of "NMR Introduction and experiment guide [1]", Field of Chemistry, Extra., Vol. 141. The number of methyl branches per 1000 carbon atoms is calculated from the integrated intensity ratio of the absorbance at 19.9 ppm of the methyl groups obtained from the methyl branches to the integrated absorbance occurring in the range of 5 to 45 ppm.

(Number average molecular weight (Mn), weight average molecular weight (MW), Z average molecular weight (Mz), molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mz / Mw))

Using the above-described sample and using a GPC-150C manufactured by Waters Company, the measurement is carried out by the following method. Separate columns TSK Gel GMH6-HT + TSK Gel GMH6-HTL manufactured by Tosoh Corporation are used, and each column has an inner diameter of 7.8 mm and a length of 60 cm. The column temperature is leveled at 140 ° C; 0.025% by weight of o-dichlorobenzene (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (Kanto Kagaku) as an antioxidant are used for the mobile phase and in an amount of 1 ml / min advanced; the concentration of the sample is controlled to 0.1% by weight; the amount of sample is adjusted to 500 μl; and a differential refractometer is used as the detector. Seventeen monodisperse PS having a molecular weight of 500 to 2.06 x 10 ⁷ are used for molecular weight calibration. By approximating the relationship between the logarithmic molecular weight of the reference PS 'and the retention time to a cubic polynomial expression, a molecular weight calibration curve is generated. The average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, reduced to PE, are calculated by converting the PS type molecular weight calibration curve to the PE type molecular weight calibration curve using viscosity equations of PS and PE. The calculated values for Mn, Mw and Mz are the values reduced to PE.

Melt Flow Index (MFI)

Under Using the sample described above, the measurement is at 190 ° C and 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238-89 carried out.

Intrinsic viscosity ([η])

The value is measured at 135 ° C using decalin as a solvent. That is, about 20 mg of the above-described measurement sample is dissolved in 15 ml of decalin and the specific viscosity η _sp is measured in an oil bath at 135 ° C. To the resulting decalin solution, another 5 ml of decalin solvent are added to dilute the solution, and the specific viscosity η _sp is measured in the same manner. The dilution process is repeated twice more and the intrinsic viscosity is calculated as η _sp / C by extrapolation at concentrations (C) to zero. [η] = lim (η sp / C) (C → 0)

Erwärmungselutions-separation test (TREF)

One Target polymer to be measured is completely in orthodichlorobenzene resolved whereby a 0.5 wt .-% solution will be produced. The prepared polymer solution is in a column with 21.4 mm inner diameter and 150 mm length of stainless steel (as filler glass balls are used), and then the temperature the column slowly from 140 ° C at -15 ° C with a Speed of 10 ° C / hour cooled. After that is under feeder of orthodichlorobenzene in the column at a flow rate of 1 ml / min, the column temperature at a rate of 15 ° C / hour raised from -15 ° C to 120 ° C. The IR spectrum of during the temperature increase eluted polymer component becomes continuous using a Fourier transform IR spectrophotometer (FT-IR) measured. The spectrum obtained is used to measure the concentration of the eluted polymer at each temperature and the number of branches (Degree of branching) per 1,000 carbon atoms analyzed.

The for the GPC measurement to be used temperature-fractionated component as orthodichlorobenzene solution and then with a Wiederausfällungsverfahren from methanol recovered. The recovered Polymer is measured by a method described in the GPC Measurement Specification (measurement item). The average degree of branching of component eluted in a predetermined temperature range as the average of the degree of branching by weight at each respective Temperature calculated.

Measurement of the number of hexyl branches

The number of methyl branches per 1000 carbon atoms in a polymer molecular chain is measured by ¹³ C-NMR. The measurement is carried out using a nuclear magnetic resonance device Lambda 500 type ( ¹ H: 500 MHz) manufactured by Nippon Electronic Company. The measurement is performed under 10,000 to 30,000 times integration. The peak at 29.97 ppm as the main chain methylene is used as the chemical shift standard. 250 to 400 mg of a PE sample and 3 ml of a liquid mixture of extra pure orthodichlorobenzene manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and benzene-d ₆ , manufactured by ISOTEC, in a volume ratio of 5: 1 are charged into a glass tube of 10 mm diameter for NMR measurement, as available on the market, and heated to 120 ° C, and the sample is uniformly dispersed in the solvents to carry out the measurement. The assignment of the respective absorbance in the NMR spectrum obtained is carried out as described on pages 132 to 133, "NMR Introduction and experiment guide [1]", Field of Chemistry, Special Edition, Volume 141. The number of hexyl or higher branches per 1000 carbon atoms is calculated from the integrated intensity of methylene groups (C6 + 3) occurring at 32.2 ppm.

Decane-soluble component

The Amount of decane-soluble Component becomes 450 by adding about 3 g of the copolymer ml of n-decane, dissolution of the copolymer in the decane at 145 ° C, cooling to 23 ° C, removal of the n-decane insoluble Component by filtration and recovery of n-decane-soluble Component determined from the resulting filtered solution.

density

A measuring sample is prepared by forming a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm at 170 ° C under a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² using a hydraulic press machine manufactured by Kamifuji Metal Industry, and cooling the sheet by compressing with a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² using another hydraulic thermo-press set at 20 ° C. The obtained pressed sheet is heated at 120 ° C for 1 hour and then slowly cooled to room temperature in 1 hour, and then the density is measured with a density gradient tube.

Melting point (Tm)

When Melting point becomes a temperature of the maximum position of a endothermic curve assumed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is obtained. The measurement is carried out on the basis of an endothermic Curve in the second pass of the processes of packing an aluminum pan with a sample, heating the sample at 200 ° C at 10 ° C / min, Hold the sample at 200 ° C for 5 minutes, Cool to -150 ° C at 20 ° C / min and reheating with 10 ° C / min.

Amount of paraxylene eluted component

In A double-tube separating flask is charged with 500 ml paraxylene (PX), 5 g (measured) a sample, BHT in an amount of 0.5 wt .-% based on the sample entered, the mixture is at a speed of about 2 ° C / min Heated to 130 ° C and for 1 hour at 130 ° C held. While In the process, the mixture is stirred continuously. To confirmation, that the sample is complete disbanded is the mixture with about 0.6 ° C / min at 75 ° C chilled and for 1 hour at 75 ° C held, and a portion of the components from the sample is precipitated. During this Process will be stirring continuously continued.

When next is in paraxylene at 75 ° C resolution Component by opening a cock in the lower part of the separating flask and dripping of the Paraxylene, in which a portion of the sample is dissolved, in 3 liters of acetone at approximately 7.5 ml / min precipitated. After the acetone containing the precipitated component is filtered became, is the precipitated Component continues to be washed twice with acetone and for one dried all day and night with a vacuum dryer. Also in paraxylene at 75 ° C precipitated Component is separated and dried separately.

The respective dried samples are weighed and the weight percentage in paraxylene at 75 ° C resolved Component, based on the total sample, is calculated.

GPC-IR measurement

The measurement is carried out under the following conditions. The molecular weight is calculated by conversion into polyethylene and the number of methyl branches per 1000 carbon atoms is defined as a value obtained by subtracting (14 × 2,000) / M from the amount of methyl (Me) from the respective molecular weights (M).
Device: ALC / GPC 150-C, made by Waters
Detector / Detector: FT-IR (Nicolet Magna 560 Type) / MCT
Separation column: PLgel MIXED-A (7.5 mm × 30 mm × 2 columns)
Mobile phase: ODCB
Airspeed: 1.0 ml / min
Column temperature: 140 ° C
Sample concentration: 0.15 wt%
Injection amount: 1 ml
FT-IR raster runs: 20 times
FT-IR resolution: 4 cm ^-1 .

Melt tension (MT)

The Melt tension can be determined by measuring the tension, when the molten ethylene (co) polymer at a constant rate is stretched. This means, the melt tension measurement is performed using the above described measuring sample and an MT measuring device manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho under conditions of 190 ° C resin temperature, 15 mm / minute Extrusion speed, 10 to 20 m / minute take-up speed, 2.095 mmφ nozzle diameter and 8 mm nozzle length.

Swelling ratio (SR)

melted Resin is under the same conditions as above for the melt tension measurement extruded, and a strand approximately 2 cm in length is sampled. The strand is at a point about 5 mm from the lower end (the from the nozzle removed side) of the strand, and the diameter is at two points at an angle of 90 ° to each other measured. The SR is defined as the value obtained by Division of the average value (mm) of the diameter by the 2.095 mm nozzle diameter.

Measurement of the amount of vinyl molecular ends

The Amount of vinyl at the molecular ends is measured using an FT-IR 350 IR spectrophotometer, manufactured by JASCO Corporation, according to the following procedure.

Preparation of a calibration curve:

Several standard samples having different number (n) of vinyl type double bonds (n: number of terminal end vinyl groups per 1,000 carbon atoms) are prepared by changing the mixing ratio of non-vinyl type double bond-containing polyethylene with vinyl type double bond-containing polyolefin, and with these standard samples IR absorption measurements performed. A common tangent line of relative maximum points near 940 to 850 cm ^{-1 is} plotted, and using the line as the baseline, the absorbance in D _S in the lanyard (910 cm ^-1 ) of the vinyl ends and the value D ₀ for the baseline are read. Further, the thickness L (cm) of each sample is accurately determined using a micrometer, and the absorbance per unit thickness D / L (D / L = (D _S -D ₀ ) / L) of the key band in the sample is calculated, and the Relationship of the obtained value to the number (n) of the vinyl type double bonds is shown, whereby a calibration curve for the vinyl amount at terminal ends per 1000 carbon atoms is obtained.

A Layer for The IR absorbance measurement as a standard sample is prepared by Blending polyethylene containing no vinyl type double bond with polyolefin, the vinyl type double bonds contains, dissolving the Mixture in chloroform at the lowest possible temperature and subsequent Vaporizing the chloroform to give a mixed sample, and hot rolling the mixed sample. As polyethylene, not vinyl type double bonds contains For example, polyethylene (brand name: HZ 2200J) is produced from Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., and as a polyolefin containing vinyl type double bonds 1,2-polybutadiene used, the double bond content already is known.

With respect to a measurement sample, a layer for infrared absorption measurement is produced by a hot rolling method, and the absorbance per unit thickness D / L of the key band becomes the same calculated as described above, and the vinyl amount at terminal ends per 1,000 carbon atoms is calculated using the calibration curve described above.

When next becomes the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the measurement sample converted to the carbon number, and the amount of vinyl at the terminal Ends per molecular chain with a molecular weight Mn is calculated from the carbon number obtained and the amount of vinyl at the terminal end per 1,000 carbon atoms certainly.

fisheye

A Foil with a thickness of approximately 50 μm, one Width of about 3.5 cm and one length of about 30 cm is made by extruding a resin at a resin temperature from 190 ° C and a speed of 50 mm / min using a capillary type flow requirement test device, made by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho and, instead of using a nozzle, Insert a small T-nozzle with a width of 40 mm and a 0.3 mm slit and slimming the extruded resin at 1.95 m / min and a 10 mm air gap, produced. The number of fish eyes is visual observation the film counted in a range of 3 cm wide and 20 cm long. The Fish eyes having fiber cores and the like become visual by enlargement of the Sample 15 to 150 times using an optical microscope determined, and fish eyes with fibrous forms and colored fish eyes, which obviously have cores of foreign materials are counted, and the number of these fish eyes is deducted.

composition

The composition of an ethylene (co) polymer is determined by measuring the ¹³ C-NMR spectrum of a sample prepared by uniformly dissolving about 200 mg of copolymer in 1 ml of hexachlorobutadiene in a generally 10 mmφ sample tube under 120 measurement conditions ° C measuring temperature, 25.05 MHz measuring frequency, 1.500 Hz spectral width, 4.2 sec. Pulse repetition intervals and 6 μsec. Pulse width.

additive

To the ethylene (co) polymer of the invention (A2) may be an additive to prevent oxidation or to Prevention of aging can be added. Examples of one such additive is a heat resistance stabilizer and a hydrochloric acid absorbent, and further, if necessary, a weather resistance stabilizer may be added become.

Heat resistant stabilizer

Regarding the Heat resistance stabilizer there is no particular restriction and for example, as examples, a phenol-type stabilizer, an amine type stabilizer, a sulfur type stabilizer such as a thioester type stabilizer and a phosphorus type stabilizer, such as to name a phosphite type stabilizer.

The phenol stabilizers include, for example, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-dicyclohexyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol. amyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-octyl-4-N-propylphenol, 2,6-dicyclohexyl-4-N-octylphenol, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol, 2- is t-butyl-2-ethyl-6-t-octylphenol; 2-Isobutyl-4-ethyl-6-t-hexylphenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4-N-butyl-6-isopropylphenol, dl-α-tocopherol, t-butylhydroquinone, 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6 -t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4 -methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2-methylenebis [6- (1-methylcyclohexyl) -p-cresol], 2,2 'Ethylidene bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-butylidenebis (2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2-t-butyl-6- (3-t-butyl-2-) hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenyl acrylate, 2- [1- (2-hydroxy-3-5-di-t-pentylphenyl) ethyl] -4,6-di-tb-pentylphenyl acrylate, 1,1,3- Tris (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane, triethylene glycol bis [3- (3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6-hexanediol bis [ 3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2'-thiodiethylenebis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], N, N '-Hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinamide], 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate diethyl ester, tris (2,6-dimethyl-3-hy hydroxy-4-t-butylphenyl) isocyanurate, tris [(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxyethyl] isocyanurate, tris (4-t-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate , 2,4-bis (N-octylthio) -6- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, tetraquis [methylene-3- (3,5-di -t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, bis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid ethyl) calcium, bis (3,5-dit-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid ethyl) nickel, bis [3 , 3-bis (3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butylsäu Re] glicolester, N, N'-bis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl] hydrazine, 2,2-oxamidobis [ethyl-3- (3,5-t-butyl 4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) terephthalate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-t -butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, 3,9-bis [1,1-dimethyl-2- (β- (3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy) ethyl] -2,4, 8-10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane, 2,2'-bis [4- (2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoinoxy) ethoxyphenyl) propane and β- (3,5-) Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid stearyl ester.

Examples for thioether stabilizers shut down Dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, Laurylstearyl thiodipropionate, pentaerythrityl tetralauryl thiopropionate, Distearyl disulfido, 4,4-thiobis (2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), Bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylbenzyl) sulfido, 4,4'-butylidene bis (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) -2-lauryl thioether, 6- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino) -2,4-bis (octylthio) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-di t-butylanilino) -6- (octylthio) -1,3,5-triazine, (2-t-butyl-4-thio (2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-t-butylphenyl) -5-methylphenyl) phosphite, tris, Phenodiazine, tetramethylthiuram disulfide and tetraethylthiuram disulfide one.

The Close phosphite stabilizers for example, triphenyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, Tetratridecyl-4,4'-butylidene bis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) diphosphite, 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol alkyl phosphite, Alkyls of 12 to 15 carbon atoms, 4,4'-isopropylidenebis (2-t-butylphenol), Di (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tetra (tridecyl) -1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butanediphosphite, Tris (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phosphite, Bis (octylphenyl) -bis [4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol)] - 1,6-hexanoldiphosphit, Hexatridecyl-1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenol) diphosphite, tris [4,4'-isopropylidenebis (2-t-butylphenol)] phosphite, 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, Phenyl-4,4'-isopropylidene-pentaerythrytoldiphosphit, Bis (2,4-dipthylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, Bis (2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, Phenylbisphenol-A-pentaerythrytoldiphosphit, Tetraquis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-4,4'-biphenylene) diphosphonite, 2,2'-ethylidenebis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) -chlorphosphonit and 2,2'-methylenebis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) octyl phosphite one.

These Stabilizers can individually or in a combination of two or more thereof be used.

Hydrochloric acid absorbent

Examples for a Hydrochloric acid absorbent are a higher one aliphatic acid metal salt, a hydrotalcite and epoxylated octyl stearate.

The aliphatic acid metal salts shut down Alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts, calcium salts and barium salts, cadmium salts, zinc salts, lead salts and alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts and lithium salts of higher aliphatic acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, capric acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, ricinoleic acid and montan acid one.

following are concrete metal salts higher aliphatic acids indicated: magnesium stearate, magnesium laurate, magnesium palmitate, Calcium stearate, calcium oleate, calcium laurate, barium stearate, barium oleate, Barium laurate, barium arachidate, barium behenate, zinc stearate, zinc oleate, Zinc laurate, lithium stearate, sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium laurate, Potassium stearate, potassium laurate, calcium 12-hydroxystearate and calcium montanate.

When Hydrotalcite can the compounds described below are exemplified.

These Hydrochloric acid absorbent can individually or in a combination of two or more thereof be used.

Weather-resistant stabilizer

When Weather-resistant stabilizer are exemplified by a hindered amine type stabilizer and a UV absorber and UV absorbers are exemplified by benzotriazoles, To name benzoates and benzophenones.

Examples of the hindered amine compounds are bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, methyl succinate 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensates, Poly [[6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) imino-1,3,5-triazine-2-4-diyl] [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino] hexamethylene [(2,2,6,6-tramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino]], tetraquis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) -1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl benzoate, bis (1,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) -2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2- N-butyl malonate, bis- (N-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, 1,1 '- (1,2-ethanediyl) bis (3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperadinone ), (mixed 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl / tridecyl) -1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, (mixed 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl / tridecyl ) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, mixed (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl / β, β, β ', β'-tetramethyl-3,9- [2,4,8 , 10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane] diethyl) -1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, mixed {1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl / β, β, β ', β '-tetramethyl-3,9- [2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane] diethyl} -1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, N-N'-bis (3-aminopropyl) ethylenediamine -2-4-bis [N-butyl-N- (1, 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) amino] -6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate, poly [(6-N-morpholyl-1,3,5,3,3,5-triazine] 2-4-diyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-4-diyl) [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino] hexamethylene [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidyl) imino]], condensates of N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) hexamethylenediamine and 1,2-dibromoethane, [N- (2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) -2-methyl-2- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino] propionamide, diester of 1,5-dioxaspiro [5,5] undecane-3, 3-dicarboxylic acid and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) succinic acid, polymethylpropyl-3-oxy [1 (2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl) piperidyl] siloxane and 1,1 ', 1''- [1,3,5-triadine-2,4,6-triyltris (cyclohexyliminoethylene)] tris-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperadinone-2 -one.

benzotriazoles For example, 2- (2-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole . 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-bis (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-3 '- (3' ', 4' ', 5' ', 6' '- tetrahydrophthaloid-methyl) -5'-methylphenyl] benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) phenyol] and condensates of methyl 3- [3-t-butyl-5- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] propionate and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight about 300). These weathering stabilizers can used singly or in combination of two or more thereof become.

These Heat resistance stabilizers, Hydrochloric acid absorbent and weather resistance stabilizers can individually or in combination of a heat resistance stabilizer with a Hydrochloric acid absorbent, a heat resistance stabilizer with a weatherability stabilizer, a hydrochloric acid absorbent with a weatherability stabilizer and a heat resistance stabilizer with both a hydrochloric acid absorbent as well as a weather resistance stabilizer be used.

in the Case of using these heat resistant stabilizers, Hydrochloric acid absorbent and weather resistance stabilizers the addition amounts are usually used quantities. For example, 0.005 to 5 parts by weight a heat resistance stabilizer (in the case of using two types of absorbents from each component) to 100 parts by weight of an ethylene (co) polymer it can be added 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a hydrochloric acid absorbent (in the case the use of two types of absorbents from each component) be added, and it can 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a weather resistance stabilizer (im Case of using two types of stabilizers from each component) be added.

Further can respect the use of the additive be applied the following way.

For example can be an addition of 5 to 200 ppm aluminum, 0 to 1,000 ppm of one Phenol type stabilizer and 50 to 2000 ppm of a phosphorus type stabilizer to an ethylene (co) polymer be applied.

In As described above, an aluminum-containing inorganic Salt may be included as part or as total aluminum. A preferred compound of such an aluminum-containing salt Hydrotalcites.

• (1) Hydrotalkgruppenmineralien Hydratisierte Carbonatmineralien der allgemeinen Formel Mg₆R₂(OH)₁₆CO₃4H₂O (R= Al, Cr und Fe). Als Hydrotalcgruppenmineral ist das Mineral, worin R Al ist, bevorzugt, und Hydrotalcit und Mannasseit sind bevorzugte Beispiele.
• (2) Synthetische Hydrotalcite haben die allgemeine Formel M_1-xAl_x(OH)₂(An^–)_x/n·mH₂O (worin M ein divalentes Metallion ist, ausgewählt aus Mg, Ca oder Zn; An^– ist ein n-valentes Anion, z. B. Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, NO₃2^–, ClO^4–, SO₄ ^2–, CO₃ ^2–, SiO₃ ^2–, HPO₄ ^2–, HBO₃ ^2–, PO₄ ^2–; x ist eine Zahl, die 0 < x < 0,5 erfüllt, und m ist eine Zahl, die 0 ≤ m ≤ 2 erfüllt).

Examples of the hydrotalcites are natural hydrotalc group minerals, and examples thereof are described below, as well as synthetic hydrotalcites. Among them, synthetic hydrotalcites are preferably used.

• (1) Hydrotalc group minerals Hydrated carbonate minerals of the general formula Mg ₆ R ₂ (OH) ₁₆ CO ₃ .4H ₂ O (R = Al, Cr and Fe). As the hydrotalc group mineral, the mineral wherein R is Al is be Preferably, and hydrotalcite and mannoseite are preferred examples.
• (2) Synthetic hydrotalcites have the general formula M _1-x Al _x (OH) ₂ (An ^- ) _{x / n} · mH ₂ O (where M is a divalent metal ion selected from Mg, Ca or Zn; An ^- is one . n-valent anion, such as Cl ^-, Br ^-, I ^-, NO ₃ 2 ^-, ClO ^4, SO ₄ ^2-, CO ₃ ^2-, SiO ₃ ^2-, HPO ₄ ^2-, HBO ₃ ^{2 -} , PO ₄ ^2- ; x is a number satisfying 0 <x <0.5, and m is a number satisfying 0 ≤ m ≤ 2).

The average particle size of this Hydrotalcite compounds may be in a range where no adverse effect on the film appearance, the excellent Elongation and malleability is caused, and is not limited, however, is generally 10 μm or smaller, preferably 5 μm or smaller and more preferably 3 μm or smaller.

in the With regard to the corrosion of a device, it is desirable to control the amount of addition so that the aluminum content in a Ethylene (co) polymer is 5 to 200 ppm, preferably 8 to 150 ppm, and more preferably 15 to 150 ppm. It is preferred that at least a portion of the aluminum or all of the aluminum in the form an inorganic salt such as in the form of hydrotalcites, is included. The aluminum content can be determined by an elemental analysis method be determined.

When Phenol-type stabilizers can the compounds described above are used.

Examples for the Close phosphorus stabilizers Trioctyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, octyl diphenyl phosphite, Tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tris (butoxyethyl) phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, Distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tetra (tridecyl) -1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butanediphosphite, Tetra (mixed alkyl of 12 to 15 carbon atoms) -4,4'-isopropylidenediphenyl diphosphite, Tetra (tridecyl) -4,4'-butylidenebis diphosphite (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), Tris (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phosphite, Tris (mono-di-mixed nonylphenyl) phosphite, hydrogenated 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol polyphosphite, bis (octylphenyl) bis [4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol)] - 1,6- hexadioldiphosphit, Phenyl-4,4'-isopropylidendiphenolpentaerythritoldiphosphit, Tris [4,4'-isopropylidenebis (2-t-butylphenol)] phosphite, phenyldiisodecyl phosphite, Di (nonylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (1,3-di-stearyloxyisopropyl) phosphite, 4,4'-isopropylidenebis (2-t-butylphenol) -di (nonylphenyl) phosphite, 9,10-di-hydro-9-oxa-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, Bis (2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl) -ethylphosphit and 2 - [{2,4,8,10-tetraquis (1,1-dimethylethyl) dibenzo (D, F) (1,3,2) -dioxaphosphephin-6-yl} oxy] ethyl] ethanamine one.

worin R¹, R² und R³ ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine C_1-9-Alkylgruppe sind, insbesondere eine verzweigte Alkylgruppe, und unter diesen ist eine t-Butylgruppe bevorzugt; und die Substitutionspositionen in der Phenylgruppe sind am meisten bevorzugt die 2,4,6-Positionen. Ein bevorzugter Phosphitester ist Bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit oder Bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, und ferner ein Phosphonit mit einer Struktur, worin Kohlenstoff und Phosphor direkt aneinander gebunden sind, z. B. Tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylendiphosphonit. Unter diesen sind Stabilisatoren, die trivalenten Phosphor enthalten, bevorzugt. Diese Phosphortyp-Stabilisatoren können einzeln oder in einer Kombination miteinander verwendet werden.As the bis (dialkylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite ester, those of the spiro-type of the general formula (1) described below or those of the cage-type of the general formula (2) can also be used. In general, for economic reasons resulting from the process for preparing such phosphite esters, a mixture of both isomers is usually used.

wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} a hydrogen atom or a C _1-9 alkyl group, especially a branched alkyl group, and among them, a t-butyl group is preferable; and the substitution positions in the phenyl group are most preferably the 2,4,6-positions. A preferred phosphite ester is bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite or bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and further a phosphonite having a structure wherein carbon and phosphorus are directly adjacent to each other are bound, z. B. Te tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylene. Among them, stabilizers containing trivalent phosphorus are preferable. These phosphorus type stabilizers may be used singly or in combination with each other.

The Addition amount of the phosphorus type stabilizer is 50 to 2,000 ppm, preferably 50 to 1000 ppm, more preferably 50 to 600 ppm, and more preferably 50 to 300 ppm, to an ethylene (co) polymer.

The Total amount (X + Y) of content (X) of phenol type stabilizer and the content (Y) of a phosphorus stabilizer is generally desirably not more than 1,000 ppm, preferably 50 to not more than 1,000 ppm, more preferably 50 to 600 ppm, and even more preferred 50 to 300 ppm. Furthermore, it is desirable that the ratio (X / Y) of content (X) of phenol type stabilizer to content (Y) of phosphorus stabilizer generally 0 to not more than 3, preferably not more than 2, more preferably not more than 1.5 and still more preferably not more than 1.1.

In the example given by way of example, it is further desirable that 50 ppm ≤ X + Y ≤ 1,000 ppm and 0 ≤ X / Y ≤ 3 are satisfied. The value for X + Y and X / Y can through stronger preferred respective values are replaced.

In the example listed Case is the total amount (Z + X + Y) of the aluminum content (Z), the phenol type stabilizer content (X) and the phosphorus stabilizer content (Y) preferably not more than 2,000 ppm, more preferably 55 to not more than 1,000 ppm, more preferably 55 to 800 ppm, and more preferably 55 to 300 ppm.

In the example listed Case, it is preferable that the ratio (X + Y / Z) of the total content on phenol type stabilizer (X) and phosphorus stabilizer content (Y) to aluminum content (Z) preferably 0.1 to 10, more preferably 2 to 8 and even more preferably 2 to 7.

in the Case of using the above-described additive, the Amount of gel at the time of molding an ethylene (co) polymer is produced at a high temperature, to a small amount repressed and the composition is suitable for extrusion molding, for example, for blow molding, T-die molding, lamination molding and extrusion lamination molding.

In another composition may, for. As the addition of 1 to 200 ppm aluminum, 50 to 1,000 ppm of a phenol type stabilizer and 50 to 2,000 ppm of a Fatty acid metal salt be applied to an ethylene (co) polymer.

In the example listed above Composition can the ones above for Aluminum were described for Aluminum used. The addition amount is desirably controlled so that the aluminum content 1 to 200 ppm, preferably 1 to 15 ppm in an ethylene (co) polymer. Even in the case that a system is more than 15 ppm to 200 ppm, preferably contains 20 ppm to 150 ppm of aluminum, the above-described problem solved are prepared by using a fatty acid metal salt as follows described while the corrosion resistance is maintained.

Of the Aluminum content can be determined by an elemental analysis method become. In terms of of the aluminum contained in an ethylene (co) polymer, it is preferred that at least part of the aluminum or the whole aluminum is contained in the form of an inorganic salt. As such inorganic salt containing aluminum, hydrotalcites are preferable.

When Phenol-type stabilizer can the compounds described above are used. These phenol-type stabilizers can used individually or in combination with each other. The content of the phenol type stabilizer is controlled so that it 50 to 1,000 ppm and preferably 50 to 600 ppm in an ethylene (co) polymer is.

When the fatty acid metal salts can the compounds described above are exemplified and the content is 50 to 2,000 ppm, preferably 50 to 1,000 ppm controlled in an ethylene (co) polymer. If the aluminum content 1 to 15 ppm, is the fatty acid metal salt content for example, preferably 700 to 2000 ppm, and more preferably 800 to 1,500 ppm. In this case, a well-balanced resistance across from the high temperature gelation and corrosion resistance described above to be provided.

on the other hand is in the case that aluminum in an amount of more than 15 ppm and not more than 200 ppm, the content of fatty acid metal salt preferably 50 to 700 ppm and more preferably 50 to 500 ppm Or less. In this case, the above-described good balance the resistance described above across from High temperature gel and corrosion resistance to be provided.

in the In the case of the above-described mode of addition, the amount of gel used for Time of high-temperature shaping of an ethylene (co) polymer is generated, suppressed to a small amount, and the resulting Ethylene (co) polymer composition is for the extrusion molding suitable, for example, for the blow molding, the T-die shaping, lamination molding and extrusion lamination molding.

Next The compounds described above may contain additives such as an antistatic agent, an anti-fogging agent, a slip agent, a lubricant, an anti-blocking agent, a nucleating agent, a pigment, a dye and a plasticizer are added as needed be, as long as they do not lead away from the purpose of the invention.

worin R eine aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 7 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen ist, R' Wasserstoff oder -CO-R'' ist (worin R'' eine aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 7 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen ist); n 1 oder eine höhere ganze Zahl ist; und m 1 oder eine höhere ganze Zahl ist; Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Triglyceride, Polyglycerinalkylesterverbindungen, Betaintyp-Verbindungen, Polyoxyethylenalkyltherverbindungen und Sorbitantyp-Verbindungen wie beispielsweise Sorbitanmonolaurat, Sorbitanmonostearat und Sorbitanmonooleat.Examples of the antistatic agent or anti-fogging agent are as follows:
Polyoxyethylene alkylamine compounds of the general formula given below

wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 or more carbon atoms, R 'is hydrogen or -CO-R''(whereinR''is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 or more carbon atoms); n is 1 or a higher integer; and m is 1 or a higher integer; Monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, polyglycerol alkyl ester compounds, betaine type compounds, polyoxyethylene alkylthero compounds and sorbitan type compounds such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan monooleate.

When Lubricants and lubricants are exemplified by the following call: fatty acid amides such as oleylamide, stearylamide and Eurcasäureamid; Alkylenebis (fatty acid amide) such as ethylenebis (stearylamide); Metal salts of fatty acids like for example, stearic acid; and paraffin wax.

As an antiblocking agent, natural or synthetic SiO ₂ can be exemplified.

When Crystal nucleating agents can different conventional known types of nucleating agents used without particular limitation become. examples for the nucleating agent are the following aromatic phosphoric acid ester salts, Benzylidene sorbitol, aromatic carboxylic acid and nucleating agent on rosin basis.

worin R¹ Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffen ist; R² und R³ ein Wasserstoffatom und eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen sind; R² und R³ identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein können, die jeweiligen R² mit den jeweiligen R³ unter Bildung eines Rings miteinander verbunden sein können; M ein mono- bis trivalentes Metallatom ist; und n eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3 ist.An example of an aromatic phosphoric acid ester salt is the following compound of the formula (3).

wherein R ^{1 is} oxygen, sulfur or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbons; R ² and R ^{3 are} a hydrogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R ² and R ³ identical or different from each other, the respective R ^{2 may be} linked to the respective R ³ with each other to form a ring; M is a mono- to trivalent metal atom; and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Examples for the Compounds represented by the general formula (3) include: Sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Sodium 2,2'-ethylidene bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, lithium 2,2'-methylene-bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, Lithium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Sodium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate (4-i-propyl-6-t-butylphenyl) Lithium-2,2'-methylene-bis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, Lithium-2,2'-methylene-bis-phosphate (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl) Calcium-bis (2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl) phosphate), Calcium-bis (2,2'-thiobis (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl) phosphate), Calcium-bis (2,2'-thiobis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate), Magnesium-bis (2,2'-thiobis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate), Magnesium-bis (2,2'-thiobis (4-t-octylphenyl) phosphate), Sodium 2,2'-buthyliden-bis (4,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate, Sodium 2,2'-buthyliden-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Sodium-2,2'-t-octylmethylen-bis (4,6-di-methylphenyl) phosphate, Sodium-2,2'-t-octylmethylen-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Calcium-bis- (2,2'-methylene-bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, Magnesium-bis (2,2'-methylene-bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, Barium-bis (2,2'-methylene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, Sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis-phosphate (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl) Sodium (4,4'-dimethyl-5,6'-di-t-butyl-2,2'-biphenyl) phosphate, calcium bis ((4,4'-dimethyl-6,6'-di-t butyl-2,2'-biphenyl) phosphate) Sodium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate (4-m-butyl-6-t-butylphenyl) Sodium 2,2'-methylene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-methyl-phenyl) Sodium 2,2'-methylene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-ethylphenyl) Potassium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Calcium bis 2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate ((4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Magnesium bis 2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate ((4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Barium-bis 2,2'-ethylidene-bis phosphate ((4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) Aluminum-tris (2,2'-methylene-bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate and aluminum tris (2,2'-ethylidene bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate and a mixture of two or more of them.

Under this is sodium 2,2'-methylene bis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate prefers.

One another example of an aromatic phosphoric acid ester salt is the following compound of general below Formula (4).

Wherein R ^{4 is} a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; M is a mono- to trivalent metal atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

concrete Compounds which fall under the general formula described above (4) are sodium bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, sodium bis (4-methylphenyl) phosphate, Sodium bis (4-ethylphenyl) phosphate, sodium bis (4-isopropylphenyl) phosphate, Sodium bis (4-tert-octylphenyl) phosphate, Potassium bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, calcium bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, Magnesium-bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, Lithium bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, aluminum bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate and a mixture of two or more of them. In particular, sodium bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate is preferred.

When Benzylindene sorbitol are exemplary compounds of the formula (5) to call.

Wherein the respective R ^{5's may be the} same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 5.

Examples for the The compound represented by the general formula (5) include the following a: 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-benzylidene-2,4-p-methylbenzylindene sorbitol, 1,3-benzylidene-2,4-p-ethylbenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene-sorbitol, 1,3-p-ethylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-p-ethylbenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-methylbenzylindene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-n-propylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-i-propylbenzylinden) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-n-butylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-s-butylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-t-butylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (2 ', 4'-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-methoxybenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p -ethoxybenzylindene) sorbitol, 1,3-Benzylinden-2-4-p-chlorobenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene-sorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2,4-p-methylbenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2,4-p-ethylbenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-p-chlorobenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-ethylbenzylidene-2,4-p-chlorobenzylidene-sorbitol and 1,3,2,4-di (p-chlorobenzylidene) sorbitol and a mixture of two or more of it.

Under these are 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-methylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-ethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2,4-p-methylbenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di (p-chlorobenzylidene) sorbitol and a mixture of two or more thereof is preferred.

worin die jeweiligen R⁵ identisch oder voneinander verschieden sein können und eine Methylgrupe oder Ethylgruppe darstellen.Among the above-defined benzylindene sorbitols, a compound of the formula (6) is exemplified as a preferred compound.

wherein the respective R ^{5 may be} identical or different and represent a methyl group or ethyl group.

One example for aromatic carboxylic acids is an aluminum hydroxy-di-p-tert-butylbenzoate of the formula (7).

When Rosin type crystal nucleating agents are, for example, rosin acid metal salts to perform, and the rosin acid metal salts mean the reaction products of rosin acids with metal compounds. As rosin acids are exemplary natural To name rosins such as rubber rosin, tall oil rosin and wood rosin, as well as various types of modified rosin such as disproportionated rosin, hydrogenated rosin, dehydrated rosin, polymerized rosin and with α, β-ethylenic unsaturated Carboxylic acids modified Rosin; purified products of natural rosin; and cleaned Products from the modified Rosin. As an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the for producing an α, β-ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid-modified Raisins are, for example, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic, anhydride, citraconic, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid to call. Among these is at least one type of rosin acids selected from natural Rosin, modified rosin, purified products from natural Rosin and purified products of modified rosin are preferred. The rosin acid contains different resin acids, for example, selected from pimaric acid, Sandarachpimarinsäure, Palastrinsäure, isopimaric acid, abietic dehydroabietic neoabietic, Dihydropimarinsäure, dihydroabietic and tetrahydroabietic acid.

When Metal compound obtained by reaction with a rosin acid Metal salt forms are exemplary compounds that sodium, Potassium or magnesium and to form salts with rosin acid in the Are able to perform. In particular, chlorides, nitrates, acetates, sulfates, Carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of the metals to call.

When Another nucleating agent is exemplified by refractory Polymers, metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids and aliphatic carboxylic acids and to name inorganic compounds.

When High melting polymer are exemplified by poly (vinylcycloalkane) such as poly (vinylchlorohexane), poly (vinylcyclopentane) and the like, poly (3-methyl-1-pentene), poly (3-methyl-1-butene) and To name polyalkenyl silane.

When Metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid or an aliphatic carboxylic acid Examples are the following: aluminum benzoate, aluminum p-tert-butylbenzoate, sodium adipate, Sodium thiophenecarboxylate and sodium pyrrolecarboxylate.

Use of the ethylene (co) polymer

The ethylene (co) polymer according to the invention (A2) can be shaped as it is as a material for different types Products can be used, and can with another, unmodified polymer (B2) to obtain a composition (C2-1), and the composition comprising an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and a contains other polymer (B2), can be used as material for different types of molded products are used. Furthermore, can the ethylene (co) polymer according to the invention (A2) graft-modified and as a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) for different purposes are used. Furthermore, the graft-modified Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) with another polymer (D2) below Obtaining a composition (C2-2), and an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can with a graft-modified polymer (E2) to obtain a composition (C2-3), and these compositions can as materials for different types of molded products are used.

Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1)

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) includes that described above Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and an unmodified other polymer (B2) next to (A2).

When Another polymer (B2) is exemplified by the following: Polyolefin with the exception of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2), such as for example, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, High-pressure low-density polyethylene, unbranched low-density Polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene polymer, propylene-ethylene copolymer, Propylene-1-butene copolymer and 1-butene polymer; and thermoplastic Resins such as polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, polystyrenes, Polycarbonates, and among these is an ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) except the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is preferable.

An ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) is an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _3-20 α-olefin. As the C _3-20 α-olefin, the above C _3-20 α-olefins are exemplified.

If the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin, is the molar ratio (Ethylene / α-olefin) from ethylene to α-olefin of the type of α-olefin dependent, and is generally 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 50/50 to 95/5. When the α-olefin Propylene is, is the molar ratio preferably 50/50 to 90/10, and when the α-olefin is an α-olefin having not less than 4 carbon atoms, the molar ratio is preferably 80/20 to 95/5.

The intrinsic viscosity of the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1), measured at 135 ° C in decalin, is not particularly limited and it is desirable generally from 0.4 to 7 dl / g, preferably from 0.5 to 5 dl / g.

Furthermore For example, the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) can be other than a repeating one Unit composed of ethylene and an α-olefin of 3 to 20 carbon atoms derived from a repeating unit comprising derived from another compound which is polymerizable with ethylene or an α-olefin.

Examples for such Compounds are a polyene compound such as a Chain polyene compound, a cyclic polyene compound and a cyclic monoene compound.

The Ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) may further comprise a make-up monomer, which is derived from styrene or substituted styrene. Such other connections can used individually or in combination with each other. The salary the other compound component is generally 1 to 20 mol%, and preferably 2 to 15 mol%.

As the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1), an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _3-8 α-olefin is preferable.

The aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is not included in the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1). That is, the ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) has 0.1 or more methyl branches measured by ¹³ C-NMR per 1,000 carbon atoms.

One Ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) can be prepared by homopolymerization of ethylene after a conventional one known methods or by copolymerization of ethylene with an α-olefin according to a usual known methods. The polymerization reaction can be in the gas phase (Gas-phase polymerization method) and in liquid phase (liquid-phase polymerization method) be performed.

In of the ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) it is desirable that the weight ratio (A2: B2) from ethylene (co) polymer (A2) to another copolymer (B2) is 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10.

Regarding the Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) may contain the additives as needed to be admitted as permissible Additives for addition to ethylene (co) polymers (A2) by way of example listed were as long as the additives are not from the purpose of the invention lead away.

• (1) Ein Verfahren des Mischens eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2) mit einem anderen Polymer (B2) und anderen nach Bedarf zuzugebenden Komponenten z. B. in einem Extruder oder einer Knetvorrichtung.
• (2) Ein Verfahren unter Auflösen eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2) und eines anderen Polymers (B2) und anderer nach Bedarf zuzugebender Komponenten in einem geeigneten guten Lösungsmittel (z. B. einem Kohlenwasserstofflösungsmittel wie beispielsweise Hexan, Heptan, Decan, Cyclohexan, Benzol, Toluol oder Xylol) und anschließendes Entfernen des Lösungsmittels.
• (3) Ein Verfahren unter Auflösen eines Ethylen-(Co)polymers (A2) und eines anderen Polymers (B2) und anderer nach Bedarf zuzugebender Komponenten in getrennter Weise in geeigneten guten Lösungsmitteln, wodurch die jeweiligen Lösungen erhalten werden, Vermischen der Lösungen und anschließendes Entfernen der Lösungsmittel.
• (4) Ein Verfahren unter Kombination der oben beschriebenen Verfahren (1) bis (3).

An ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) can be prepared by a known method, and can be prepared from one (co) polymer (A2) and another polymer (B2) and, if necessary, further components to be added, as follows.

• (1) A method of mixing an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) with another polymer (B2) and other components to be added as needed e.g. B. in an extruder or a kneader.
• (2) A method of dissolving an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and other polymer (B2) and other components to be added as needed in a suitable good solvent (e.g., a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, heptane, decane, Cyclohexane, benzene, toluene or xylene) and subsequent removal of the solvent.
• (3) A method of dissolving an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and other polymer (B2) and other components to be added separately in appropriate good solvents to obtain the respective solutions, mixing the solutions, and then Remove the solvents.
• (4) A method combining the above-described methods (1) to (3).

The aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) has excellent moldability and mechanical strength.

Shaped product

When a molded product of the ethylene (co) polymers (A2) or ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) of the present invention. The following are concrete examples: a blow-molded product, a gießgeformtes Product, an extrusion laminated molded product, an extrusion molded Product, a foam-molded product, an injection-molded product and the same. About that can out the molded products for Fibers, monofilaments, nonwoven textiles and the like become.

These close shaped products Shaped products made exclusively from one selected from Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) and ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) and molded products (laminated products) comprising parts, the one from, selected of ethylene (co) polymers (A2) and ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) are made, as well as parts made from other resins are.

One from ethylene (co) polymers (A2) to (A5) and ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-1) to (C5-1) formed molded product and a molding method are described in detail below.

Blow molded product

Examples for a blow molded product is an extrusion blow molded product and an injection blow molded product.

Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) have excellent moldability and excellent mechanical properties Strength. In this aspect, they are particularly suitable for Shaping by blow molding.

One Extruded blow molded product can be obtained by extrusion an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) in the molten state at 100 up to 300 ° C Resin temperature from a nozzle to form a tubular preform, hold of the preform in a mold having a desired structure and then blowing air for adhering the preform to the mold at 100 to 300 ° C resin temperature. The stretch (blow) ratio is preferably 1.5 to 5 in the transverse direction.

One Injection blow molded product can be obtained by introducing a Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) at 100 to 300 ° C resin temperature in a preform mold to obtain a preform, keeping the preform in one Shape with a desired one Structure and subsequent Blowing in air to adhere the preform to the mold 120 to 300 ° C Resin temperature. The stretch (blow) ratio is preferably 1.1 to 1.8 in the vertical direction and 1.3 to 2.5 in transverse Direction.

Examples for a blow molded product are blow molded products of large or average size such as fuel tanks and canisters for chemical reagents for the industrial Use, as well as different types of bottles and tubes.

One Blow molded product can be made from a laminated Product that is made up of at least one layer of the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and at least one layer of another resin. The other resin may vary depending on the purpose selected and, for example, are nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, modified Polyolefins and polypropylenes are preferred. One out of a laminated one Product produced blow molded product can also be obtained by coextrusion molding and a subsequent adhesion process can be generated.

Blow molded product (inflation molded product)

There Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) have excellent bubble stability, they have excellent blow moldability and in terms of their excellent mechanical strength, they are particularly suitable for shaping by blow molding.

One Blow-molded product can be obtained, for example, by molding method, as by conventional air-cooled blow molding; air-cooled, Two-cooled blow molding; High speed blow molding and water cooled blow molding.

A Film (a blow molded product) obtained by blow molding an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is suitable for various types of films for packaging such as standardized bags, laminated bags, Packaging films, laminated substrates, sugar packets, oil packaging bags, packaging bags for watery Material, food packaging; Liquid transfusion bag and agricultural materials.

One Blow molded product can be made from a laminated Product that is made up of at least one layer of the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A1) and at least one layer of another resin. The other resin may vary depending on the purpose selected and, for example, are nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, modified Polyolefins and polypropylenes are preferred. An inflation-molded Product that is made of a laminated product can also by coextrusion molding and subsequent adhesion process getting produced.

Cast molded product

Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) have excellent moldability and excellent mechanical strength, and in view of this they are particularly suitable for shaping by casting.

in the Case of making a cast-molded Products of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) may be a well-known Film casting and extrusion apparatus and forming conditions are applied, and for example may be a uniaxial screw extruder, a kneading extruder, a sintering extruder, a gear extruder and the like for molding a molten one Ethylene (co) polymer into a sheet or film (unstretched) by extrusion from a T-die be used.

A Stretched film can be obtained by stretching such above-described extrusion sheet or an extrusion sheet (unstretched) according to a known stretching method such as a tentering method (vertical-transverse stretching, transverse-vertical stretching), a simultaneous biaxial stretching process and a uniaxial stretching method.

The draw ratio at the time of drawing a sheet or unstretched film is generally 20 to 70 times in the case of biaxial orientation and generally 2 to 10 times in the case of uniaxial stretching. It is desirable an oriented film having a thickness of about 5 to 20 μm through to get the drafting.

Further a multilayer film can be produced. For example can be a multilayer using an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) Film in combination with a film-like material selected from a polyamide film, a polyester film and an aluminum foil, getting produced. In this case, a multi-layered film are prepared by extruding an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) on the above-described sheet-like material, connecting the two and cooling and removing the resulting sheet-like material from among same conditions.

Further can also use a multilayer film according to the following procedure getting produced. First is from an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to the above-described Method made a film. Then the foil with a Adhesive in a kind of a sheet-like material selected from a polyamide film, a polyester film and an aluminum foil, adhered, whereby a multilayer film is obtained.

The The aforementioned polyamide film is not particularly limited, and In particular, by way of example, a film of nylon 6, nylon 11, Nylon 66 or nylon 610. The aforementioned polyester film is not particularly limited, and in particular is exemplified a film of poly (ethylene terephthalate), which is a condensate polyester of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, a copolymer polyester of terephthalic acid-isophthalic acid-ethylene glycol, and a polyester made from terephthalic acid and Cyclohexanone-1,4-dimethanol, to name. The aforementioned polyamide film and polyester film are preferably films made by biaxial Stretching are stretched. The aforementioned adhesive is preferred an adhesive such as a urethane-based adhesive.

A multilayer film is a multilayer film with a double layer structure, the one film of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and one of a polyamide film, a polyester film and an aluminum foil, and is also a multilayer foil, which has a structure comprising 3 or more layers including Double layer structure includes.

A Film of the above-described ethylene (co) polymer (A1) can be used singly, as it is, can be used, and can be used as a multilayer film be used by applying to a polyamide film, a polyester film or a metal foil such as an aluminum foil and the like is glued.

A single layer film of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2), such as she is, for different types of wrapping films are used. The one-layered Foil is particularly suitable for wrapping heavy aqueous Materials such as aquatic products and agricultural Products. On the other hand, the multilayer film for wrapping of foods such as meat, confectionery and the like which Gas barrier properties require, be used, and may further for wrapping meat products such as ham and sausages and of liquids such as soup and mayonnaise are used.

Extrusion laminated product

There Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) can be easily extruded and show low seeding, they have excellent extrusion laminatability and are suitable for shaping by extrusion lamination molding to obtain an extrusion laminated molded product.

One Extruded laminating product is composed of a substrate and the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2) layer, and such an extrusion laminated molded article Product can be obtained by extrusion coating a substrate with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2).

The Substrate is not particularly limited, as long as it is film formability owns, and it can, for. An optional polymer, paper, a Aluminum foil or cellophane can be used. Examples of such a polymer are: olefin type polymers such as high density polyethylene, medium, low density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, Ionomer, polypropylene, poly (1-butene) and poly (4-methyl-1-pentene); Vinyl-type polymers such as poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride), Polystyrene, polyacrylate and polyacrylonitrile; Polyamides such as Nylon-6, nylon-66, nylon-10, nylon-11, nylon-12, nylon-610 and poly (m-xylyloladipamide); Polyesters such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene terephthalate / isophthalate) and poly (butylene terephthalate); and poly (vinyl alcohol), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and polycarbonates.

If the substrates polymer films (sheets) are, can the polymer films are unoriented or uniaxial or biaxial be aligned. Such substrates may be suitably incorporated in dependence selected from the purpose and the object to be packaged. For example, in the case that the object to be packaged a perishable food is, resins, such as Polyamides, poly (vinylidene chloride), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, poly (vinyl alcohol) and upholstery, which have excellent transparency, rigidity and gas permeation resistance have, usable. When the item to be packed is confectionery and a fiber package is performed, are preferably z. For example, polypropylene with excellent transparency, stiffness and water penetration resistance used.

One For example, extrusion laminating molded product can be prepared are prepared by coating a substrate with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) by an extrusion coating method using a T-nozzle.

As As described above, a substrate may be at the time of extrusion coating with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) directly with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) by extrusion coating or, to increase the adhesion force between the substrate and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2), after one Be coated, for example, is a Anchor coating agent, such as an organotitanium-type agent, Polyethyleneimine-type or isocyanate-type applied to a substrate, or a resin underlayer of such an adhesive polyolefin, e.g. B. a produced by a high pressure process polyethylene is on a Substrate prepared, and then the substrate with the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) are coated by extrusion coating.

The processing temperature (the resin temperature in the T die) at the time of extrusion coating a substrate with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) or a resin primer is considered taking into consideration the adhesion properties between substrate and ethylene (co) polymer (A2) Substrate and the resin primer (eg, adhesive polyolefins, high pressure polyethylene) and between the resin primer and the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and the hot seal properties and productivity of laminated products, and preferably the processing temperature is 230 to 330 ° C, more preferably 280 to 320 ° C, and still more preferably 285 to 305 ° C.

Further is it effective, the surface a sheet of molten resin extruded from a T-die was forced to oxidize by blowing ozone onto the foil, making reliable an excellent adhesion property between substrate and resin (either a resin primer or an ethylene (co) polymer (A2)) which contacts the substrate stands, is received.

The Extrusion coating is preferably at a processing speed from 20 to 300 m / minute, more preferably 40 to 200 m / minute performed.

One such extrusion laminated molded product is suitable for use for different Types of packaging bags, eg. B. packaging bags for aqueous products, for liquid soups, Pickled and Konjakspaghetti, packaging bag for pasta-like Products for for example miso or jam, Packaging bag for Powder products for Sugar, flour and flaky and powdered foods, and packaging bags for pharmaceutical Tablets and granules.

Extrusion molded product

Examples for a Extrusionsgeformtes product are a tubular product, a profile extrusion-molded Product and a molded casing product (molded boy) for an electrical cable coating.

There the ethylene (co) polymers (A2) can be easily extruded and an excellent shape retention property at the time of melting they have excellent extrusion moldability and are suitable for shaping by extrusion molding.

in the Case of producing an extrusion-molded product from a Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can well-known extrusion devices and molding conditions can be applied, and for example, can be used to form a molten Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) into a sheet or film (unstretched) by extrusion from a T-die a uniaxial screw extruder, a kneading extruder, a sintering extruder and a gear extruder can be used.

Examples for the Extrusion molded product are different types of tubes like for example, gas, tap water and sewage pipes and hot water pipes, various types of coatings for electrical cables and spacers for optical Fiber cables.

Foamed product

Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) are excellent in foaming properties due to their high melt tension equipped, and are able to be foamed Products with even and high foam ratio to deliver, and are in this aspect suitable for shaping by foam molding.

One Foam-molded product can be prepared by mixing a foaming agent with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and producing foams in a molded resin product by evaporation of the foaming agent or generation of a decomposition gas by heating or depressurization the resulting mixture.

When Process for producing a foamed product from an ethylene (co) polymer according to the invention (A2), the following is exemplary.

(1) An extrusion foaming process

One foamed Product can be obtained continuously by introducing a Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) into a feed hopper of an extruder, Injecting a physical foaming agent through a pressure injection hole, which is located in the middle of the extruder, at the time of Extruding the resin at a temperature near the melting point and extruding the ethylene (co) polymer through a mouthpiece in one desired Shape.

Examples of physical foaming agents include volatile foaming agents such as flon, butane, pentane, hexane and cyclohexane, and foaming agents based on inorganic gases such as nitrogen, air, water and carbon dioxide gas. In addition, at the time a foam nucleating agent such as calcium carbonate, talc, clay and magnesium oxide may be added to the extrusion foam.

The mixing ratio of the physical foaming agent is generally 5 to 60 parts by weight and preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the ethylene (co) polymer (A1). When the mixing ratio of physical foaming agent is too low, the foaming property of foamed Products deteriorates, and if it is too high, on the other hand the strength of the foamed Product deteriorates.

(2) Foaming process using a foaming agent of the thermal decomposition type

One Ethylene (co) polymer (A2), a thermal decomposition type organic foaming agent such as azodicarbonamide and optionally other additives and thermoplastic resins are mixed with a mixing and kneading device such as a uniaxial extruder, a biaxial Extruder, a Banbury mixer, a kneader mixer and rollers a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent of the thermal decomposition type mixed and kneaded, whereby a foaming resin composition is prepared, and the composition is generally too shaped a leaf-like shape. Then the sheet is at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent heated, whereby a foamed Product is obtained.

The mixing ratio of the organic foaming agent The thermal decomposition type is generally 1 to 50 parts by weight, and preferably 4 to 25 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2). When the mixing ratio of the organic foaming agent of the thermal decomposition type is too low, the foaming property becomes a foamed Product deteriorates, and if it is too high on the other hand, is the strength of the foamed Product deteriorates.

(3) Foaming process in a pressure vessel

One Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) is produced by means of a press or an extruder to a leaf-shaped or block-shaped Shaped shape. Subsequently The molded product is introduced into a pressure vessel, a physical foaming agent is sufficiently dissolved in the resin, and then the pressure reduced, causing a frothed Product is produced. Alternatively, it is also possible that foam perform by filling a pressure vessel, in which a molded product is located, with a physical foaming at room temperature and pressurization of the interior, removal of the resulting molded product after releasing the pressure of the container and heating of the molded product in an oil bath or a stove.

Furthermore can be a cross-linked foamed Product can be obtained by previously crosslinking an ethylene (co) polymer (A1). examples for A crosslinking process is generally a process of crosslinking by thermal decomposition of a peroxide radical generating agent, which is mixed with the resin, crosslinking by irradiation of ionizing Radiation, crosslinking by irradiation of ionizing radiation in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer, as well as silane crosslinking.

to Production of a cross-linked foamed product after such Methods become an ethylene (co) polymer (A2), an organic foaming agent thermal decomposition type, a polyfunctional monomer as Crosslinking aids and other additives at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the thermal decomposition type foaming agent mixed and kneaded and formed into a sheet-like shape. The obtained Sheet of a foam-forming resin composition is irradiated crosslinked with a predetermined dose of ionizing radiation, and then the cross-linked sheet is at a temperature above the Decomposition temperature of the foaming agent heated causing the foaming is effected.

When Ionizing radiation are, for example, α-rays, β-rays, γ-rays and electron beams to call. Instead of radiation crosslinking by ionizing Radiation can also be carried out peroxide crosslinking and silane crosslinking.

One Foam-molded product can be made in various forms be such as rod-shaped, tubular, band-shaped and leaf-shaped, and can for Buffering agent, heat-insulating Materials, base materials for Wet compress padding, shoe soles and sponges used become.

Injection molded product

There Ethylene (co) polymers (A2) due to their excellent flowability can be easily injection molded at high speed and excellent mechanical strength due to its high intrinsic viscosity own, they are suitable for molding by injection molding.

Out the above-mentioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can be injection-molded Product to be produced. As injection molding can without special restriction usually conducted Injection molding can be applied.

Examples for a injection molded product are various conventional goods and automobile parts.

When The molded products described above have a blow-molded Product, an extrusion-molded product, a foam-molded product, and an injection-molded product have high rigidity and are therefore preferred. These shaped products can be used even if one high voltage is applied to the molded product, the fracture resist. Among the molded products is an extrusion molded Product particularly preferred, and among these, a tube is particularly prefers.

Further can additionally to the requirement described above, a molded product of Breakage can withstand even if a relatively low tension for one long period of time is applied to the molded product, if the Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) contains a comonomer. This means, the molded product will have a particularly excellent fatigue resistance equipped. This is therefore particularly preferred in the case of an extrusion-molded Product.

Under the molded products consisting of an ethylene (co) polymer according to the invention (A2), a pipe is preferred.

Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer

One Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is a modified one Polymer prepared by graft modification of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) with a polar monomer. The grafting of the grafted Group derived from the polar monomer in the graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is generally in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, and preferably in the range of 0.2 to 30% by weight.

One Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) is characterized in that that it has a high adhesion to a material with high Polarity, excellent mechanical strength and moldability through various Forming process has.

One such graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) can be produced are obtained by reacting the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2) with a polar monomer, which will be described later, in the presence a radical initiator.

One Process for preparing graft-modified ethylene (co) polymers (A2-1) is described in detail below.

When The polar monomer to be used for modification are as follows to be mentioned by way of example: hydroxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated compounds, amino group-containing ethylenically unsaturated compounds, epoxy group-containing ethylenically unsaturated Compounds, aromatic vinyl compounds, unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives, vinyl ester compounds and vinyl chloride.

In particular, hydroxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated compounds include the following: (meth) acrylic acid esters such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth ) acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol mono (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane mono (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolethane mono (meth) acrylate, butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate and 2- (6-hydroxyhexanoyloxy) -ethyl acrylate; 10-undecen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methanolnorbornene, hydroxylstyrene, hydroxyethylvinylether, hydroxylbutylvinylether, N-methylolacrylamide, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, glycerol monoallyl ether, allyl alcohol, allyloxyethanol, 2-butene-1,4 -diol and glycerin monoalcohol.

A amino group-containing ethylenically unsaturated compound is a A compound having one ethylenic double bond and one amino group and an example of such a compound is a vinyl type monomer which is at least one, selected of an amino group and a substituted amino group.

Wherein R ^{1 is} a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, R ^{2 is} a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 12, preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The aforementioned alkyl group and cycloalkyl group may further have substituent groups.

concrete examples for such amino-containing ethylenically unsaturated compound are as follows: alkyl ester derivatives of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as Aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, propylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Aminopropyl (meth) acrylate, phenylaminoethyl methacrylate and cyclohexylaminoethyl methacrylate; Vinylamine derivatives such as N-vinyldiethylamine and N-acetylvinylamine; Allylamine derivatives such as allylamine, methallylamine, N-methylallylamine, N, N-dimethylallylamine and N, N-dimethylaminopropylallylamine; Acrylamide derivatives such as Acrylamide and N-methylacrylamide; Aminostyrenes such as p-aminostyrene; 6-Aminohexylbernsteinsäureimid; and 2-aminoethyl succinimide.

An epoxy group-containing ethylenically unsaturated compound is a monomer having one or more polymerizable unsaturated compounds and epoxy groups in the molecule, and concrete examples of such an epoxy group-containing ethylenically unsaturated compound are as follows: glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate; Dicarboxylic acid and alkyl glycidyl esters (in the case of monoglycidyl esters, the number of carbon atoms of alkyl groups 1 to 12) such as maleic and monoglycidyl esters, fumaric mono- and di-glycidyl esters, crotonic mono- and di-glycidyl esters, tetrahydrophthalic mono- and di-glycidyl esters, Itaconic acid and di-glycidyl esters, butentricarboxylic acid mono- and di-glycidyl esters, citraconic mono- and di-glycidyl esters, endo-cis-bicyclo [2.2.1] hepto-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (nadic acid ^TM ) mono- and di glycidyl ester, endo-cis-bicyclo [2.2.1] hepto-5-ene-2-methyl-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (methylnadic acid ^TM ) mono- and di-glycidyl ester, allyl succinic acid mono- and diglycidyl ester, p-styrenecarboxylic acid alkyl glycidyl ester, allyl glycidyl ether, 2-methylallylglycidyl ether, styrene-p-glycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxy-1-butene, 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene, 3,4-epoxy-1-pentene, 3,4-epoxy 3-methyl-1-pentene, 5,6-epoxy-1-hexene and vinylcyclohexene monoxide.

Examples for aromatic Vinyl compounds are compounds of the following formula.

In the above formula, R ¹ and R ^{2 may be the} same or different and are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, especially a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl group. R ³ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, especially methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl, as well as chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, n is generally an integer of 0 to 5, and preferably an integer of 1 to 5.

Concrete examples of the aromatic vinyl compound are as follows: compounds having the above-mentioned formula such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene and the like; 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, 5-ethyl-2-vi nylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2-isopropenylpyridine, 2-vinylquinoline, 3-vinylisoquinoline, N-vinylcarbazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone.

Examples for one unsaturated carboxylic acid are as follows: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Maleic acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, norvornendicarboxylic acid, bicyclo [2.2.1] hepto-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid or Anhydrides of these acids or their derivatives (eg acid halides, amides, imides and esters). Examples of concrete compounds are as follows: malenyl chloride, malenylimide, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic Bicyclo [2.2.1] hepto-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride, dimethyl maleate, Monomethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl itaconate, Diethyl citrate, dimethyltetrahydrophthalate, dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hepto-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylate, Hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, Aminoethyl methacrylate and aminopropyl methacrylate. Among these are (Meth) acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, Hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and aminopropyl methacrylate prefers.

Examples for vinyl ester compounds are as follows: vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, Vinyl pivalate, vinyl caproate, vinyl versatate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, Vinyl benzoate, vinyl p-tert-butylbenzoate, Vinyl salicylate and vinylcyclohexanecarboxylate.

in the in general, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 80 parts by weight, of the above-mentioned monomer of 100 parts by weight of an ethylene (co) polymer (A1) used.

When Free radical initiators are, for example, organic peroxides or azo compounds to call. Concrete examples of organic peroxides are as follows: dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexyne-3,1,3-bis (tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) varelat, Benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, acetyl peroxide, isobutyl peroxide, Octanoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide and m-tolyl peroxide. Examples of an azo compound are azoisobutyronitrile and dimethylazoisobutyronitrile.

It is preferably, generally 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of such Free radical initiator per 100 parts by weight of the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2).

Of the Radical initiator can be used by as it is with an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and a polar monomer or in a small amount of an organic solvent disbanded be used. As the organic to be used in this case Solvent can without special restriction any organic solvent used for resolution of the radical initiator is capable. Examples of such organic solvent are as follows: aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as Benzene, toluene and xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, octane, nonane and decane; alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and decahydronaphthalene; Hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride and tetrachlorethylene; Alcohol solvents such as Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol and t-butanol; ketone solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; Esterlösungsmittel such as ethyl acetate and dimethyl phthalate; and ether solvents such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-amyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran and dioxyanisole.

at the graft modification of an ethylene (co) polymer (A1) can be a reducing substance can be used. A reducing substance is effective to increase the grafting amount of the obtained graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1).

Examples of a reducing substance are compounds containing groups such as -SH, SO ₃ H and -NHNH ₂ , -COCH (OH) -, and iron (II) ions, chromium ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, palladium ions, sulfite salts, hydroxylamine and hydrazine.

concrete examples for such reducing substances are as follows: iron (II) chloride, Potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, cobalt naphthenate, palladium chloride, Ethanolamine, diethanolamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, hydrazine, ethylmercaptan, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

in the In general, 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, the aforementioned reducing substance to 100 parts by weight of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2).

One Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can be prepared by a conventionally known method graft-modified, and, for example, the graft modification carried out by dissolving an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) in an organic solvent, Dissolve a polar monomer and a radical initiator in the resulting Solution, and implementation the reaction at 70 to 200 ° C, preferably 80 to 190 ° C for 0.5 to 15 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.

When for the Graft modification of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) to be used organic solvent can without special restriction any organic solvent which is capable of producing the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) dissolve.

When such an organic solvent For example, they are aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane.

One Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) can be further prepared are prepared by reacting an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) with a polar Monomer in the absence of a solvent using an extruder. The reaction temperature is in generally not lower than the melting point of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2), in particular it is in the range of 120 to 250 ° C, and the Reaction time under such temperature conditions is in general 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2)

A graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) the above-described graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and a non-modified other polymer (D2).

When Another polymer (D2) is, for example, the following: Polyolefin such as high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, High-pressure low-density polyethylene, unbranched low-density Polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene polymer, propylene-ethylene copolymer, Propylene-1-butene copolymer and 1-butene polymer; and thermoplastic Resin such as polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, polystyrenes, Polycarbonates, and among these is an ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) prefers. The ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) includes the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer (A2).

An ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) is an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _3-20 α-olefin. As C _3-20 α-olefin, for example, the same olefins are mentioned as the aforementioned α-olefins.

If the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin, is the molar ratio (ethylene / α-olefin) from ethylene to α-olefin dependent of the type of α-olefin, and is generally 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 50/50 to 95/5. The molar ratio is preferably 50/50 to 90/10 when the α-olefin is propylene and that molar ratio is preferably 80/20 to 95/5 when the α-olefin is an α-olefin having not less than 4 carbon atoms.

The intrinsic viscosity of the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1), measured at 135 ° C in decalin, is preferably 0.4 to 7 dl / g, preferably 0.5 to 5 dl / g.

Further, in addition to the repeating units derived from ethylene and a C _3-20 α-olefin, the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) may comprise one repeat unit derived from another with ethylene or a α-olefin polymerizable compound is derived.

When such other compounds are, for example, a polyene compound such as a chain polyene compound and a cyclic one Polyene compound and a cyclic Monoenverbindung to call.

Furthermore For example, the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1) may further comprise a make-up monomer, which is derived from styrene or substituted styrene. Such other connections can used individually or in combination with each other. The content of the other compound component is general 1 to 20 mol%, preferably 2 to 15 mol%.

As the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1), an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _3-8 α-olefin is preferable.

The Polymers of the ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1), besides the ethylene (co) polymer (A2), can be obtained by homopolymerization of ethylene after a conventional known Process or copolymerization of ethylene with an α-olefin after a conventional one known methods. The polymerization reaction can be in the gas phase (Gas phase polymerization method) and in the liquid phase (liquid phase polymerization method) carried out become.

In the ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) it is preferred that the weight ratio (A2-1: D2) of the graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) to the other Polymer (D2) is 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10.

Regarding the graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) can if necessary, the additives are added as examples for additives which were added to the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) can be as long as the additives do not conflict with the purpose of the invention.

A Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) be prepared by a known method, and for example For example, it can be prepared from a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1), another polymer, preferably an ethylene (co) polymer (D2-1), and other components to be added if necessary after the same method as in the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1).

The The above-mentioned graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) characterized by a high adhesive strength to a material with high polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in different shaping process.

Use of the graft modified ethylene (co) polymer and the graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition

The the above-mentioned graft-modified ethylene (co) polymers (A2-1) and graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-2) can by general shaping such as compression molding, air cooling blow molding, Air-cooling two-stage Kühlblasformung, High speed blow molding, T-die film formation and water cooling blow molding, be processed to obtain films. One in this way and Molded film has z. B. excellent transparency and excellent mechanical strength, hot seal property, hot tack property, high heat resistance and good blocking property, as they characterize a conventional LLDPE.

A from a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) and a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-2) produced film is suitable for various types of packaging films such as standardized bags, sugar packets, oil packaging bags, Packaging bag for aqueous Products and materials for agricultural. Because the film has high adhesion to nylon, Polyesters and metal foils, the film can also be used as a multilayer Foil can be used, attached to a substrate of such materials is attached.

Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3)

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) comprises an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) and a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2).

One Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2) is a modified one A polymer prepared by graft-modifying the foregoing Ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) with a polar monomer.

One Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2) can be prepared using ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1) by a process the method of preparation of the aforementioned graft-modified Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) corresponds.

The grafting amount of the graft groups derived from a polar monomer of a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2) prepared by such a method is generally NEN 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, and preferably 0.2 to 30 wt .-%.

at an ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) it is desirable that the weight ratio (A2: E2) of the ethylene (co) polymer (A2) to the graft-modified Ethylene (co) polymer (E2) is in the range of 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10.

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) may contain additives as needed as listed as additives to the ethylene (co) polymers (A2) can be added as long as the additives do not conflict with the purpose of the invention.

A Ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) can be prepared according to a known Process can be prepared, and for example it can be made are made of an ethylene (co) polymer (A2), a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer (E2) and others as needed Components to be added according to the same procedures as A process for producing the aforementioned ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1).

The The foregoing ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) is characterized by a high adhesive strength against a material with high Polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in different shaping process.

Use of the ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-3)

The The above-mentioned ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-3) can by conventional shape like compression molding, air cooling blow molding, Air cooling two-stage cooling blow molding, high speed blow molding, T-die film-forming and water cooling blow molding be processed to obtain films. One in this way molded film has z. B. excellent transparency and excellent mechanical strength and has sealing properties, hot tack properties, high heat resistance and good blocking properties as typified by a conventional LLDPE are.

A film produced from an ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-3) is suitable for different types of packaging films such as standardized Bags, sugar packets, oil packaging bags, Packaging bag for aqueous Products, and materials for agricultural. Because the film has high adhesion to nylon, Polyesters and metal foils, the film can also as a multilayer film can be used, attached to a substrate of these Materials is attached.

Advantages of the invention

Ethylene- (co) polymers according to the invention (A2) have excellent moldability and excellent mechanical properties Strength.

The ethylene (co) polymer compositions of the invention (C2-1) have excellent moldability and excellent mechanical properties Strength.

Molded inventive Products have excellent mechanical strength.

The graft-modified according to the invention Ethylene (co) polymer (A2-1) has high adhesive strength over one High polarity material, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in different types of molding processes.

Graft-modified according to the invention Ethylene (co) polymer compositions (C2-2) have a high adhesion to a high-grade material Polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in different molding processes.

The ethylene (co) polymer compositions of the invention (C2-3) have a high adhesive strength against a material with high Polarity, excellent mechanical strength and excellent formability in different types of molding processes.

Examples

While the Invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, However, the description is not to be understood that it any restriction in terms of the scope of the invention exercises.

Synthesis 1

9.68 g (58.93 mmol) of 2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 100 ml of THF were charged into a sufficiently dried 1-liter reactor purged with nitrogen, into the reactor dropwise at 0 ° C 23.0 ml of ethylmagnesium bromide (ether solution, 3.0 N, 69.00 mmol) was added over 30 minutes, after which the resulting mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, 100 ml of toluene was added, the resulting mixture was heated to 95 ° C, and the mixed solvents of ether / THF were evaporated to obtain a slightly opaque slurry. After the slurry was cooled to room temperature, 100 ml of toluene, 4.50 g (149.90 mmol) of p-formaldehyde and 12.50 ml (89.93 mmol) of triethylamine were added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 95 ° C Stirred for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was quenched with 300 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid, and the organic layer was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 7.36 g of 3-t-butyl-5-methylsalicylaldehyde (yield 65%).
¹ H-NMR _(CDCl3): 1.41 (s, 9H), 2.32 (t, 3H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 9.83 (s , 1H), 11.60 (s, 1H).

50 ml of ethanol, 1.52 g (15.02 mmol) of n-hexylamine and 2.86 g (14.90 mmol) of 3-t-butyl-5-methylsalicylaldehyde were placed in a sufficiently nitrogen-purged 200 ml reactor, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction liquid was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvents, whereby 4.14 g of yellow colored liquid compounds of the following formula (L1) were obtained (yield 100%).
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.25-1.43 (s, 30H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.60-1.77 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 3.56 (t, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 13, 94 (see 1H).

4.16 g (15.10 mmol) of compound (L2) and 70 ml of ether were added to a sufficiently dried argon-purged 300 ml reactor, cooled to -78 ° C and stirred. To the resulting mixture, 9.40 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 M, 15.04 mmol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes, after which the resulting mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and continuously stirred for 4 minutes Stirred at room temperature for hours, whereby a lithium salt solution was prepared. The solution was added dropwise to 80 ml of a THF solution of 2.85 g (7.56 mmol) of ZrCl ₄ (THF) ₂ complex cooled to -78 ° C. After completion of the dropwise addition, the resulting mixture was continuously stirred while slowly warming to room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for additional 15 hours at room temperature, and then the solvents of the reaction liquid were concentrated. The obtained solid was washed with 50 ml of ether and 200 ml of methylene chloride, and then the filtered liquid was concentrated, followed by washing again with 20 ml of ether to obtain 4.30 g of a yellow powdery compound of the following formula (C2) (Yield 80 %).
¹ H-NMR _(CDCl3): 0.74 to 1.54 (m, 18H), 1.55 (s, 18H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 3.37 to 3.68 (m, 4H), 6.99 (s, 2H), 7.36 (s, 2H), 8.09 (s, 2H).

FD mass spectrometry: 710

Synthesis 2

30 ml of ethanol, 1.72 g (15.19 mmol) of 2-methylcyclohexylamine and 2.64 g (12.68 mmol) of 3-t-butyl-5-methoxysalicylaldehyde were placed in a nitrogen-purged 100 ml reactor, and the mixture was stirred continuously for 24 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid was separated by filtration and washed with ethanol and dried in vacuo to obtain 2.82 g of a yellow powdery compound of the formula (L4) (yield 73%).
¹ H-NMR _(CDCl3): 0.93 to 1.86 (m, 11H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 3.42 (d, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 6 , 60 (d, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 13.71 (bs, 1H).

0.91 g (3.00 ml) of the compound (L4) and 20 ml of ether were placed in a sufficiently dried and argon-purged 100 ml reactor, and the resulting mixture was cooled to -78 ° C and stirred. To the resulting mixture, 2.10 ml of n-butyl lithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 M, 3.36 mmol) was slowly added dropwise, and then the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred continuously at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a lithium salt solution. The solution was added dropwise to 20 mL of a -78 ° C cooled THF solution containing 0.57 g (1.51 mmol) of ZrCl ₄ (THF) ₂ complex. After completion of the dropwise addition, the resulting mixture was stirred continuously while slowly warming to room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for additional 15 hours at room temperature, and then the solvents were evaporated from the reaction liquid. The obtained solid was washed with 10 ml of ether and 60 ml of methylene chloride, and then the filtered liquid was concentrated and washed again with hexane / ether to obtain 0.54 g of a yellow powdery compound represented by the following formula (C4) (Yield 46%). ).
¹ H-NMR _(CDCl3): 0.53 to 1.85 (m, 22H), 1.55 (s, 18H), 3.22 to 3.40 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 6H), 6.64-6.67 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.96 (s, 2H).

FD mass spectrometry: 766

Example 1 (not according to the invention)

Preparation of a Solid Catalyst Component:

8.5 kg of silica for 3 hours at 200 ° C were dried, were suspended in 33 L of toluene, and then became 82.7 l of a methylaluminoxane solution (Al = 1.42 mol / l) within. 30 minutes dropwise to the Suspension added. Then the resulting mixture became 1.5 Hours at 115 ° C heated and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 4 hours. After that the reaction liquid was on Cooled to 60 ° C, and the supernumerary liquid was removed by decantation. The obtained solid catalyst component was washed three times with toluene and then resuspended in toluene, whereby a solid catalyst component (1) was obtained (total volume 150 liters).

33 ml of the suspension of the solid catalyst component thus obtained (1) was transferred to a glass flask, and further, 42 ml of toluene and 25 ml of a toluene solution, Compound (C2) (0.002 mmol / ml) was added and the Suspension was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting suspension was washed twice with 50 ml of hexane and mixed with hexane, thereby forming a solid catalyst component (2) was obtained in 50 ml of suspension.

polymerization

0.5L of heptane was placed in a 1L stainless steel autoclave, purged sufficiently with nitrogen, heated to 80 ° C, and then the liquid phase and gas phase were saturated with ethylene. Thereafter, 0.5 mmol of triisobutylaluminum and 0.0043 mmol of the solid catalyst component (2) were added in units of Zr atoms, and polymerization was carried out at a pressure of 8 kg / cm ² -G ethylene for 40 minutes.

The obtained polymer suspension was filtered through a glass filter, washed twice with 500 ml of hexane and vacuum dried at 80 ° C for 10 hours. There were obtained 126.7 g of ethylene polymer, and its intrinsic viscosity was 0.59 dl / g. The physical properties of the obtained Ethylene polymers are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 (not according to the invention)

The catalyst preparation and polymerization were carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that Compound (C4) was used instead of Compound (C2) and the amount thereof was adjusted to 0.0015 mmol, and the polymerization was carried out for 1 hour. the total pressure being maintained at 8 kg / cm ² -G while supplying a gas mixture of hydrogen and ethylene (hydrogen / ethylene pressure ratio = 0.382) to the system. There were obtained 33.3 g of ethylene polymer and its intrinsic viscosity was 0.82 dl / g. The physical properties of the obtained ethylene polymer are shown in Table 1.

The physical properties of the obtained ethylene (co) polymer in Table 1.

Example 3 (not according to the invention)

After 800 ml of hexane was introduced into a 2-liter stainless steel autoclave and sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 200 ml of 1-butene was added to the system, the system was heated to 80 ° C, and the liquid phase and gas phase were washed Ethylene saturated. Thereafter, 1.0 mmol of tributylaluminum and 0.001 mmol, in units of Zr atoms, of a solid catalyst component (3) prepared by the same method as described in the preparation of the solid catalyst component in Example 1 except that the compound (C4) was used instead of the compound (C2) was added, whereby the polymerization was carried out, the total pressure by supplying a gas mixture of hydrogen and ethylene (hydrogen / ethylene pressure ratio = 0.0456) at 10 kg / cm ² -G was held, and the polymerization was carried out at this pressure for 1 hour.

The obtained polymer suspension was filtered through a glass filter and washed twice with 500 ml of hexane and vacuum dried at 80 ° C for 10 hours. There were 130.1 g of ethylene (co) polymer and its intrinsic viscosity was 2.20 dl / g, and by means of IR specific 1-butene content was 1.96 mol%. The physical properties of the obtained ethylene copolymer are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 (not according to the invention)

In The same manner as described in Example 3 became an ethylene (co) polymer except that the ethylene and hydrogen pressure and the addition amount of 1-butene were changed. The physical properties of the obtained ethylene (co) polymers are given in Table 1.

Example 5

One Ethylene polymer was prepared using a polymerizer comprising two perfectly touching and mixing polymerization vessels with a capacity of 200 l each and a series of relaxation drums, produced.

Preparation of a Solid Catalyst Component:

8.5 kg of silica, dried at 200 ° C for 3 hours, was suspended in 33 L of toluene, and then 82.7 L of a methylaluminoxane solution (Al = 1.42 mol / l) dropwise over 30 minutes added to the suspension. After that, the resulting Mixture in 1.5 hours at 115 ° C heated, and the reaction was at this temperature for 4 hours carried out. Subsequently, the reaction liquid was cooled to 70 ° C and the supernumerary liquid removed by decantation. The obtained solid catalyst component was washed with toluene three times and then resuspended in toluene, to obtain a solid catalyst component (4) (total volume: 150 l).

33 ml of the resulting suspension of the solid catalyst component (4) was transferred to a 200 ml glass flask and further 42 ml Toluene and 25 ml of a toluene solution, which contained compound (C4) (0.002 mmol / ml), added, and the suspension was for Stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting suspension was washed twice with 50 ml of hexane and mixed with hexane to make 50 ml of a suspension of a solid To obtain catalyst component (5).

polymerization:

50 l / h of hexane, 0.2 mmol / h, (based on the Zr atom) of the same solid catalyst component (5), 20 mmol / h triethylaluminum, 6 kg / h of ethylene and 110 N-liter / h of hydrogen were a first Polymerization vessel continuously supplied while the contents of the polymerization vessel was continuously discharged, so that the liquid level inside the polymerization vessel was kept constant, the polymerization was carried out under the conditions of a polymerization temperature of 85 ° C, a reaction pressure of 8.5 kg / cm ² -G and an average residence time of 2.5 hours.

The contents continuously discharged from the polymerization vessel were treated by a flash drum maintained at 0.2 kg / m ² -G and 65 ° C to substantially remove unreacted ethylene and hydrogen.

Thereafter, the resulting contents together with 20 l / h and 5 kg / h of ethylene were continuously fed to a second polymerization vessel and subsequently under the conditions of a polymerization temperature of 80 ° C, a reaction pressure of 7 kg / cm ² -G and an average residence time of 1 Polymerized for 5 hours.

The Contents of the polymerization vessel were likewise derived continuously from the second polymerization vessel, so that the liquid level was kept constant inside the polymerization vessel, and hexane and unreacted monomer were passed through a solvent separator removed from the content, and the resulting product was added Obtained a polymer dried. The analysis results and the physical properties of the polymer obtained are described in the Table 2 given.

Example 6

The Polymerization was described in the same manner as in Example 5 carried out, with the exception that 20 kg / h of good was fed to the second polymerization vessel. The analysis results and the physical properties of the obtained Polymers are given in Table 2. The polymerization became so controls that the polymerization ratio of the first polymerization vessel: second Polymerization vessel = 50:50 and the butene content = 1.5 mol% in the produced ethylene copolymer were observed in the second polymerization vessel. The Analysis results and the physical properties of the obtained Polymers are given in Table 2.

Example 7

700 ml of para-xylene, 7 g of the mixed polymer samples of an ethylene homopolymer (intrinsic viscosity sity: 0.72 dl / g, Mw / Mn: 3.69, density: 0.981 g / cm ² ) prepared by the method of Example 2 and an ethylene-1-butene copolymer (intrinsic viscosity: 5, 22 dl / g, 1-butene content: 1.7 mol%, Mw / Mn: 3.58) prepared by the method of Example 4 in a ratio of 49:51, and a heat resistance stabilizer (BHT , manufactured by Yashitomi Pharmaceutical, 0.1% by weight based on the polymer samples) were placed in a separable double tubular flask which can be heated and the mixture was heated to 130 ° C at 2 ° C / min heated, held at 130 ° C for one hour to obtain a solution of the dissolved polymer samples in para-xylene. 3.5 L of the solution was dropwise added to the precipitated polymer in acetone in one hour, and the precipitated polymer was obtained by filtration. The resulting polymer was washed again with acetone and dried in vacuo for one full day and one night at 60 ° C. The analysis results and the physical properties of the obtained ethylene copolymer are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1

Polyethylene was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 5, except that an in JP-OS 9-183816 described metallocene catalyst was used and the pressure of the ethylene and the hydrogen was changed so that a given in Table 2 polymer was obtained. The physical properties of the polymer are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2

The physical properties of a high-density polyethylene (trade name: Hi-Zex 1700J, manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Inc. Ltd.) Use of a Ziegler catalyst are shown in Table 2 indicated.

Comparative Example 3

The physical properties of a high-density polyethylene (trade name: Hi-zex 7700M, manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Inc. Ltd.) Use of a Ziegler catalyst are shown in Table 2 indicated.

tensile fatigue test

One tensile fatigue test was for the ethylene copolymer obtained in Example 7 and the high-density polyethylene from Comparative Example 3 performed. As a result, the in Example 7, ethylene copolymer obtained 500,000 times in repetition torn and the high-density polyethylene of Comparative Example 3 20,000 times torn in repetition.

Of the tensile fatigue test was done as follows.

The in Example 7 obtained ethylene copolymer and a stabilizer (Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168 and calcium stearate, each at 0.1% by weight to the ethylene copolymer) were passed through a plasticizer mill (Plastomill) at 190 ° C and 50 rpm. for 5 minutes melted and kneaded, and the obtained kneaded mixture became by means of a cold press at 20 ° C quickly formed into a leaf-like shape. The resulting leaf-like Material was cut to an appropriate size and at 190 ° C Press-formed to a sample for the train fatigue test using a spacer (30 x 60 mm) of 6 mm thickness receive. Using a spacer, a product pellet became molded from high-density polyethylene of Comparative Example 3, for a sample for the train fatigue test in the same way as described above. The samples for the train fatigue test were in rectangular columns of a length and width of 6 mm each (length: 60 mm) to be used as samples for the tensile fatigue test to be used. The measurement of the tensile fatigue test (80 ° C, 0.5 Hz) was according to according to the method of JIS K6774.

The Evaluation of the results was done by getting the number to the Tear of 4 samples under conditions that results in an actual Load of about 10 MPa correspond by a logarithmic Calculation of the number leading to the rupture, and the number that tearing at a tasächlichen Load of 10 MPa, by logarithmic approach using the actual Load was calculated as an antilogarithm. The higher the Number is, the more excellent the fatigue property.

Claims (24)

Ethylene (co) polymer (A2), which is either an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 - (α-olefin), wherein (i) the content of methyl side branches per 1,000 carbon atoms, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is <0.1; (ii) Mw / Mn (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight), as measured by gel permeation chromatography, is 4.5 to 60; (iii) the intrinsic viscosity [η], measured in decalin at 135 ° C, is 0.5 to 15 dl / g; and (iv) the decane-soluble components (W) (wt%) at 23 ° C and the density (d) (g / cm ³ ) satisfy the following relationships: W <80 x exp (-100 x (d - 0.88)) + 0.1 if MFI is <10 g / 10 min, and W <80 × (MFI - 9) 0 . 26 × exp (-100 × (d - 0.88)) + 0.1 if MFI> 10 g / 10 min. (Co) polymer (A2) according to claim 1, wherein the intrinsic viscosity and the melt flow index (MFI) (g / 10 min), measured under a load of 2.16 kg at 190 ° C, satisfy the following relationships: [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.192 if MFI <1, and [η]> 1.85 × MFI -0.213 when MFI ≥ 1. (Co) polymer (A2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the components with a molecular weight of 500,000, reduced on polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR, ≤5 wt .-% of at ≥ 105 ° C in one Warming elution separation test eluted Constituents amount. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in a heating elution separation test eluted at ≥ 105 ° C Connections ≤ 5 Wt .-%, if the comonomer content is ≥ 1.5 mol%, and the eluted constituents at ≥106 ° C ≤ 8 wt% be when the comonomer content ≤ 1.5 mol%. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the components having a molecular weight of ≥ 10,000, reduced on polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR, among the ingredients, which are obtained when the (co) polymer at 130 ° C in p-xylene disbanded and then to 75 ° C chilled is going to be solved To precipitate components in a poor solvent, ≤30% by weight the precipitated Constituents amount. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, where ≤ 15% the entire (co) polymer precipitated when the (co) polymer is dissolved in p-xylene at 130 ° C and then at 75 ° C chilled is going to be solved To precipitate components in a poor solvent. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, the components having a molecular weight of ≥ 10,000, reduced on polyethylene and measured by GPC-IR, among the ingredients, which are obtained when the (co) polymer at 130 ° C in p-xylene disbanded and then to 75 ° C chilled will be resolved To precipitate components in a poor solvent, ≤ 5 wt% of the total (co) polymer. The (co) polymer (A2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the number of side branches having a length equivalent to hexyl or longer, as measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is <0.1 per 1,000 carbon atoms. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 8, where the Mw / Mn ratio 3 to 8, calculated based on the logarithmic normal distribution, by distributing of molecular weight distribution curves measured by gel permeation chromatography obtained on two equal logarithmic normal distribution curves becomes. (Co) polymer (A2) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein for the eluted at ≥ 109 ° C in a Heelelution separation test constituents intrinsic viscosity [η] (dl / g), measured at 135 ° C in decalin, and whose density (d) (g / cm ³ ) satisfies the following relationship: d ≥ 0.0003 × [η] 2 - 0.0121 × [η] + 0.9874. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, which is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene. (Co) polymer (A2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, which is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-hexene. The (co) polymer (A2) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising (A2-1) 10 to 90 parts by weight of an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin) (i ₁ ) the intrinsic viscosity [η] _A2-1 measured at 135 ° C in decalin is 0.3 to 2.5 dl / g, (iii) the content of methyl side branches per 1,000 carbon atoms measured by ¹³ C -NMR, <0.1, and (iii ₁ ) Mw / Mn (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) measured by gel permeation chromatography is 3 to 8; and (A2-2) 90 to 10 parts by weight of an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and a C _4-20 α-olefin), wherein (i ₁ ) the intrinsic viscosity [η] _A2-2 measured at 135 ° C in decalin, 2.0 to 20 dl / g, and (ii ₁ ) the content of methyl side branches per 1000 carbon atoms, measured by ¹³ C-NMR, is <0.1, where [η] is _{A2- 1} <[η] _A2-2 and the total amount of (A2-1) + (A2-2) = 100 parts by weight. (Co) polymer (A2) according to claim 13, wherein in the copolymer (A2-1), when the intrinsic viscosity [η] _{A2-1 is} in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 dl / g, [η] _{A2- 1} and the density (d) (g / cm ³ ) the relationship d ≥ 0.0003 × ([η] A2-1 ) 2 - 0.0121 × [η] A2-1 + 0.9874 fulfill. An ethylene (co) polymer composition (C2-1) comprising an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to one of the claims 1 to 14 and another unmodified polymer (B2). (Co) polymer composition (C2-1) according to claim 15, wherein polymer (B2) is one of (co) polymer (A2) according to a the claims 1 to 14 is a different ethylene (co) polymer (B2-1). Shaped product made from an ethylene (co) polymer according to one the claims 1 to 14. Shaped product made from an ethylene (co) polymer composition according to Claim 15 or 16. Shaped product according to claim 17 or 18, which a blow-molded, blow-molded, cast-formed, extrusion-lamination-molded, extrusion-molded, foam-molded or injection-molded product is. Shaped product according to claim 19, which is a pipe is. A graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer comprising an ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to one of the claims 1 to 14, wherein a polar group-containing monomer is graft-modified is. Graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer composition, comprising the graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer according to claim 21 and another unmodified polymer (D2). The (co) polymer composition according to claim 22, wherein the polymer (D2) is an ethylene (co) polymer. An ethylene (co) polymer composition comprising Ethylene (co) polymer (A2) according to one of the claims 1 to 14 and a graft-modified ethylene (co) polymer.