DE60028564T2 - EMBODIMENTS AND TRANSMEMBRANE POLYPEPTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACID CODED THEREFOR - Google Patents

Description

AREA OF INVENTION

The The present invention generally relates to identification and isolation of new DNA and the recombinant production of new ones Polypeptides.

BACKGROUND THE INVENTION

Extracellular proteins play important roles in u.a. of education, differentiation and Conservation multicellular Organisms. The determination of numerous individual cells, e.g. Proliferation, Migration, differentiation or interaction with other cells, is typically controlled by information coming from others Cells and / or obtained from the immediate vicinity. These Information becomes common of secreted polypeptides (for example, mitogenic factors, survival factors, cytotoxic factors, differentiation factors, neuropeptides and hormones), in turn, from different cell receptors or membrane-bound ones Proteins are received and interpreted. These secreted Polypeptides or signaling molecules normally migrate the cellular Secretory pathway to its site of action in the extracellular environment to reach.

secreted Proteins have a variety of commercial uses, including as Pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, biosensors and bioreactors. Most Protein agents currently available, e.g. thrombolytic Agents, interferons, interleukins, erythropoietins, colony-stimulating Factors and various other cytokines are secretory proteins. Their receptors, which are membrane proteins, also have potential as therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Both the industry as well as the research undertook efforts to new native secreted To identify proteins. Numerous efforts focused on the screening of recombinant mammalian DNA libraries, around the coding sequences for new ones to identify secreted proteins. Examples of screening methods and techniques are described in the literature [see for example Klein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93, 7108-7113 (1996); US Pat. 5,536,637].

Membrane bound Proteins and receptors can important roles in u.a. education, differentiation and conservation multicellular Play organisms. The determination of numerous individual cells, e.g. Proliferation, migration, differentiation or interaction with other cells, is typically controlled by information, obtained from other cells and / or from the immediate environment becomes. This information becomes common of secreted polypeptides (for example, mitogenic factors, survival factors, cytotoxic factors, differentiation factors, neuropeptides and hormones), in turn, from different cell receptors or membrane-bound ones Proteins are received and interpreted. Such membrane bound Proteins and cell receptors include, but are not limited to, Cytokine receptors, receptor kinases, receptor phosphatases, receptors, involved in cell-cell interactions, and cellular adhesin molecules such as selectins and integrins. For example, transduction of signals that Regulate cell growth and differentiation, in part through phosphorylation different cellular Regulates proteins. Protein tyrosine kinases, enzymes that undergo this process catalyze also act as growth factor receptors. For example, include Fibroblast growth factor receptor and nerve growth factor receptor.

membrane-bound Proteins and receptor molecules have several different commercial applications, including as pharmaceutical and diagnostic agents. Receptor immunoadhesins, for example can used as therapeutic agents to control receptor-ligand interactions to block. The membrane bound proteins can also be used to screen potential peptide or low molecular weight inhibitors of the relevant receptor-ligand interaction be used.

Either Industry as well as academia have made efforts to create new ones identify native receptor or membrane bound proteins. Numerous efforts focused on screening mammalian recombinant DNA libraries to identify the coding sequences for new receptor or membrane bound Proteins.

PRO1484

Lipid differentiation is associated with changes in cell morphology, a drastic accumulation of intracellular lipid, and the activation of a specific program of gene expression (Liang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10697-10703 (1996)). Lipid complement-related protein is a protein whose expression is strongly induced during lipid differentiation and has significant homology with subunits of complement factor C1q, collagen alpha 1 (x) and the brain-specific factor cerebellin (Scherer et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26746-26749 (1995)). While the function of adipocyte complement-related protein is currently unknown, tissue-specific expression thereof suggests that this protein functions as a novel signaling molecule for lipid tissue. Thus, there is significant interest in the identification and characterization of novel polypeptides having homology to adipocyte complement-related protein. The inventors herein described the identification and characterization of novel polypeptides having homology to adipocyte complement-related protein, referred to herein as PRO1484 polypeptides.

SUMMARY THE INVENTION

PRO1484

One cDNA clone (DNA 44686-1653) was identified to be homologous to the for adipocyte complement-related Protein-encoding nucleic acid and for a novel polypeptide encoded in the present application is called "PRO1484".

In an embodiment as in the claims defined, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule, which includes DNA for a PRO1484 polypeptide coded.

In one aspect, as defined in the claims, the isolated nucleic acid comprises DNA having at least about 80% sequence identity, preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity, and most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity, with (a ) a DNA molecule encoding a PRO1484 polypeptide having the sequence of amino acid residues of about 1 or about 23 to about 246 (inclusive) 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a).

In another aspect as defined in the claims, the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a PRO1484 polypeptide comprising DNA conjugated to the complement of nucleic acid between about nucleotides 77 or about 143 and about 814 (inclusive) 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1). Preferably, hybridization occurs under stringent hybridization and washing conditions.

In another aspect as defined in the claims relates to Invention an isolated nucleic acid molecule containing DNA of at least about 80% sequence identity, preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity, and most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity, with (a) a DNA molecule, that for encodes the same mature polypeptide for which the human protein cDNA with the ATCC access no. 203581 (DNA 44686-1653), or (b) the complement of the nucleic acid molecule from (a) includes. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid comprises a DNA for encodes the same mature polypeptide for which the human protein cDNA with the ATCC access no. 203581 (DNA 44686-1653).

In a further aspect as defined in the claims, the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising (a) a DNA encoding a polypeptide having at least about 80% sequence identity, preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity, with the sequence of amino acid residues 1 or about 23 to about 246 (boundaries included) 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or (b) comprises the complement of the DNA of (a).

The nucleic acid may be a molecule of at least 600 nucleotides and by hybridizing a test DNA molecule under stringent conditions with (a) a DNA molecule encoding a PRO1484 polypeptide having the sequence of amino acid residues from 1 or about 23 to about 246 (Borders included) 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a) and, if the DNA molecule has at least about 80% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity, most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity with (a) or (b), can be produced by isolating the test DNA molecule.

In a specific aspect as defined in the claims, the invention provides an isolated nucleus acid molecule comprising or encoding DNA encoding a PRO1484 polypeptide, with or without N-terminal signal sequence and / or initiation methionine, to such a nucleic acid coding molecule. The signal peptide was temporarily identified to be from about amino acid position 1 to about amino acid position 22 in the sequence 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2).

In another embodiment as in the claims defined, the invention provides isolated PRO1484 polypeptide, for the any isolated nucleic acid sequence hereinbefore identified coded.

In a specific aspect, the invention as defined in the claims provides isolated native sequence PRO1484 polypeptide which, in certain embodiments, incorporates an amino acid sequence comprising residues 1 or from about 23 to about 246 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2).

In another aspect, the invention as defined in the claims relates to an isolated PRO1484 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity, most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity, with the sequence of amino acid residues 1 or about 23 to about 246 (boundaries included) 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2).

In yet another aspect as defined in the claims, the invention relates to an isolated PRO1484 polypeptide comprising the sequence of amino acid residues 1 or from about 23 to about 246 (inclusive) 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or a fragment thereof sufficient to provide a binding site for an anti-PRO1484 antibody. Preferably, the PRO1484 fragment retains qualitative biological activity of a native PRO1484 polypeptide.

The polypeptide may be a polypeptide obtained by (i) hybridizing a test DNA molecule under stringent conditions with (a) a DNA molecule encoding a PRO1484 polypeptide having the sequence of amino acid residues of from about 1 or about 23 to about 246 (limits included) off 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a) and, if the test DNA molecule has at least about 80% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 85% sequence identity, more preferably at least about 90% sequence identity, most preferably at least about 95% sequence identity, with (a) or (b) by (ii) cultivating a host cell comprising the test DNA molecule under conditions appropriate for expression of the polypeptide and (iii) recovering the polypeptide from the cell culture.

additional embodiments

In other embodiments The present invention as defined in the claims presents the invention Vectors containing DNA encoding each of those described herein Polypeptides encoded. Host cells comprising such a vector are also provided. For example, the host cells may be CHO cells, E. coli or Be yeast. Furthermore, a method for producing any one of and comprises the polypeptides described herein Culturing host cells under conditions conducive to expression of the desired Polypeptids are suitable, and the recovery of the desired polypeptide from the cell culture.

In other embodiments, as in the claims defines, the invention provides hybrid molecules that can be any the polypeptides described herein fused to a heterologous Polypeptide or amino acid sequence, include. examples for such hybrid molecules include any of the polypeptides described herein, fused to an epitope tagging sequence or an Fc region of an immunoglobulin.

In another embodiment, as in the claims defines, the invention provides an antibody that is specific binds to one of the polypeptides described above or below. Optionally, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, humanized antibody, an antibody fragment or a single chain antibody.

In other embodiments, as in the claims defined, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule, which comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a PRO polypeptide.

In one aspect, as defined in the claims, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81%. Nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about a 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% sequence identity, with (a) a DNA molecule encoding a PRO polypeptide having a full length amino acid sequence such as disclosed herein with an amino acid sequence that lacks the signal peptide as disclosed herein or with any other specifically defined fragment of the full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, or (b) with the complement of the DNA molecule of (a) ,

In Other aspects as defined in the claims include isolated nucleic acid molecule has a nucleotide sequence with at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% sequence identity, with (a) a DNA molecule containing the Coding sequence for one Full-length PRO polypeptide cDNA as disclosed herein, the coding sequence of a PRO polypeptide, which lacks the signal peptide as disclosed herein or the coding sequence any other specifically defined fragment of the amino acid sequence full length as disclosed herein or (b) with the complement of the DNA molecule of (a).

In another aspect as defined in the claims relates to Invention an isolated nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence with at least about 80% sequence identity, alternatively, at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% sequence identity, with (a) a DNA molecule mature therefrom Polypeptide encoded, for any human protein cDNA deposited at ATCC as disclosed herein, or (b) with the complement of the DNA molecule from (a).

In another embodiment, as in the claims defined, the invention provides isolated PRO polypeptide, for the encodes any of the isolated nucleic acid sequences defined hereinbefore.

In a particular aspect as defined in the claims, the invention relates to an isolated PRO polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% Amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and, alternatively, at least about 99% amino nucleic acid sequence identity, with a PRO polypeptide that reveals a full length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, an amino acid sequence that lacks the signal peptide as disclosed herein, or any other specifically defined fragment of the full length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein.

In another aspect as defined in the claims relates to Invention an isolated PRO polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence with at least about 80% sequence identity, alternatively, at least about 81% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity, with one Amino acid sequence for the any of the human protein cDNAs deposited with the ATCC as disclosed herein.

In In a specific aspect, the invention provides an isolated PRO polypeptide without the N-terminal signal sequence and / or the initiating methionine ready for which encodes a nucleotide sequence coding for an amino acid sequence as encoded hereinbefore. Process for the preparation the same are also described herein, wherein such methods cultivating a host cell comprising a vector containing the comprises suitable coding nucleic acid molecule, under conditions suitable for expression of the PRO polypeptide and recovering the PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.

A Application of the invention relates to a method for identification agonists or antagonists to or against a (em) PRO polypeptide, comprising contacting the PRO polypeptide with a candidate molecule and the Observing a biological activity caused by the PRO polypeptide is taught. Preferably, the PRO polypeptide is a native one PRO polypeptide.

A Application of the invention is in a composition comprising a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist of a PRO polypeptide as herein described, or an anti-PRO antibody, in combination with a Carrier, includes. Optionally, the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A other embodiment The present invention relates to the use of a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist thereof, as hereinbefore described, or an anti-PRO antibody for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease useful is that on the PRO polypeptide, an agonist or antagonist or an anti-PRO antibody responding.

SUMMARY THE DRAWINGS

1 Figure 4 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) of a native sequence PRO1484 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 1 is a clone referred to herein as "DNA44686-1653".

2 Figure 4 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) derived from the coding sequence of the present invention 1 Seq.-ID No. 1 is derived.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

I. Definitions

The Terms "PRO polypeptide" and "PRO" as used herein and, if immediately followed by a number designation, relate to different polypeptides, with the full name (i.e., PRO / number) to specific polypeptide sequences as herein refer described. The terms "PRO / number polypeptide" and "PRO / number", wherein the term "number" herein as a actual numerical designation includes native sequence polypeptides and polypeptide variants (further defined herein). The PRO polypeptides described herein may be of many different types Sources are isolated, e.g. from human tissue types or from another source, or can be prepared by recombination or synthesis methods.

A "native sequence PRO polypeptide" comprises a polypeptide with the same amino acid sequence like the corresponding naturally derived PRO polypeptide. Such Native sequence PRO polypeptides can from natural Sources can or are isolated be prepared by recombination or synthesis methods. The term "native sequence PRO polypeptide" includes in particular Naturally occurring, truncated or secreted forms of the specific PRO polypeptide (e.g., an extracellular domain sequence), naturally occurring Variants (e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally occurring ones Allelic variants of the polypeptide. In various embodiments of the invention are the native sequence PRO polypeptides disclosed herein mature or full length native sequence polypeptides, which are the full length amino acid sequences shown in the accompanying figures include. Start and stop codons are bold in the figures and underlined. While however, the PRO polypeptides disclosed in the accompanying figures are as shown starting with methionine residues herein as amino acid position 1 in the figures, it is also conceivable and possible that other methionine residues either upstream or downstream of the amino acid position 1 is used in the Figures as the starting amino acid residues for the PRO polypeptides become.

The PRO polypeptide "extracellular domain" or "ECD" refers to a form of the PRO polypeptide substantially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Usually points a PRO polypeptide ECD less than about 1% of such transmembrane and / or cytoplasmic domains and preferably less than 0.5% of such domains. It is understood that that every transmembrane domain, the for the PRO polypeptides of the present invention are identified, according to the Field of the invention routinely used Identified criteria for identifying this type of hydrophobic domains become. The exact boundaries of a transmembrane domain can vary, however, most likely not more than about 5 amino acids every end of the domain, as defined initially herein. If necessary, therefore, a extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide has about 5 or fewer amino acids on each side of the border between transmembrane domain and extracellular Do men as identified in the examples or description, and such polypeptides, with or without the associated signal peptide, and nucleic acids, the for they encode are considered in the present invention.

Of the approximate Place of the "signal peptides" of the different PRO polypeptides disclosed herein is in the present description and / or the accompanying figures shown. It should be noted, however, that the C-terminal limit of a signal peptide, but very likely to vary not more than about 5 amino acids on either side of the C-terminal signal peptide border as initially herein wherein the C-terminal border of the signal peptide according to US Pat Field of the Invention for Identifying This Type of Amino Acid Sequence Element used routinely Criteria can be identified (e.g., Nielsen et al., Prot. Closely. 10, 1-6 (1997), and Heinje et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 14, 4683-4690 (1986)). About that In addition, it is also recognized that in some cases, cleavage of a signal sequence from a secreted polypeptide does not take place quite uniformly, which leads to more than one secreted species. These polypeptides in which the signal peptide within not more than about 5 amino acids either side of the C-terminal border of the signal peptide as herein is cleaved and the polynucleotides encoding them are treated by the present invention.

"PRO polypeptide variant" refers to an active PRO polypeptide as defined above or below having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity with a full length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without signal peptide as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Such PRO poly peptide variants include, for example, PRO polypeptides wherein one or more amino acid residues at the N or C terminus of the native full-length amino acid sequence are added or deleted. Typically, a PRO polypeptide variant will have at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85%. Alternatively, at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity alternatively, at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity, with a full length native sequence protein. A polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide as disclosed herein, or any other specifically defined fragment of a full-length PRO Polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Typically, PRO polypeptide variants are at least about 10 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 20 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 30 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 40 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about at least 50 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 60 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 70 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 80 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 90 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 100 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 150 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 200 amino acids, alternatively a length of at least about 300 amino acids or more, on.

"Percent (%) Amino Acid Sequence Identity" with respect to PRO polypeptide sequences identified herein are expressed as the percentage at amino acid residues defined in a candidate sequence with the amino acid residues in the specific PRO polypeptide sequence after alignment of the sequences and introducing Gaps, if necessary to achieve maximum percent sequence identity, and without consideration of any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity are. Matching for the purpose of determining the percent amino acid sequence identity can be various species are obtained within the area of Invention, for example using commonly available Computer programs, e.g. BLAST, BLAST 2, ALIGN, or Megalign software (DNASTAR). Professionals can determine appropriate parameters for measuring match, including all algorithms, which are required to match the full length of the maximum to achieve comparative sequences. For the present purposes, however become% amino acid sequence identity values using the computer program for sequence comparison ALIGN-2 determines where the full source code is for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 computer program for sequence comparison was designed by Genentech, Inc., and the Source code shown in Table 1 below was user documentation in U.S. Pat. Copyright Office, Washington D.C., 20559, filed, where he registers under the U.S. Copyright registration number TXU510087 is. The ALIGN-2 program is over Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, Public available or can be prepared from that provided in Table 1 below Source code to be compiled. The ALIGN-2 program should be for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D, be compiled. All sequence comparison parameters are determined by the ALIGN-2 program set and do not vary.

In situations where ALIGN-2 is used for amino acid sequence comparison, the% amino acid sequence identity of a particular amino acid sequence A is to, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B (which may alternatively be described as a particular amino acid sequence A which has a particular% amino acid sequence identity, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows: 100 times the break X / Y where X is the number of amino acid residues recorded by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in this alignment of the program of A and B as identical matches, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be understood that, provided the length of the amino acid sequence A does not match the length of amino acid sequence B, the% amino acid sequence identity from A to B is not equal to the% amino acid sequence identity of B to A. As examples of% amino acid sequence identity calculations using this method, Tables 2 and 3 show how the% amino acid sequence identity of the amino acid sequence referred to as "control protein" is calculated to the amino acid sequence referred to as "PRO", where "PRO" stands for the amino acid sequence of a hypothetical PRO polypeptide of interest, "control protein" means the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide to which the "PRO" polypeptide of interest is compared, and "X", "Y" and "Z" are each different hypothetical Represent amino acid residues.

Except specific otherwise noted, all% amino acid sequence identity values used herein are as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using received from the ALIGN-2 computer program. % Amino acid sequence identity values can however, as described below using the WU-BLAST-2 computer program (Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology 266, 460-480 (1996)). Most of the WU-BLAST-2 search parameters are set to default values. Those who are not at default values are set, i. the changeable Parameters are set with the following values: overlap span = 1, overlap fraction = 0.125, word threshold (T) = 11 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62. If WU-BLAST-2 is used, then a % Amino acid sequence identity value by sharing (a) the number of matches identical amino acid residues between the amino acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide of interest with a sequence consisting of the native PRO polypeptide and the comparative amino acid sequence of interest (i.e. the sequence with which the PRO polypeptide of interest is compared which is a PRO polypeptide variant as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number at amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide of interest. For example, in the Finding "a Polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence A comprising at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence B has "the amino acid sequence A is the comparative amino acid sequence of interest, and the amino acid sequence B is the amino acid sequence the PRO polypeptide of interest.

percent Amino acid sequence identity can also using the sequence comparison program NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3389-3402 (1997)). The NCBI BLAST2 sequence comparison program can be obtained from the address http://www.ncbi.nlm.nig.gov downloaded or otherwise from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, related. NCBI-BLAST2 uses several search parameters, wherein all of these search parameters are set to default values, including for example, unmask = yes, strand = all, expected occurrences = 10, minimum low complexity length = 15/5, multi-pass e-value = 0.01, constant for multi-pass = 25, drop-off for final gapped alignment = 25 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62.

In situations where NCBI-BLAST2 is used for amino acid sequence comparisons, the% amino acid sequence identity of a particular amino acid sequence A is to, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B (which may alternatively be described as a particular amino acid sequence A that has a particular% amino acid sequence identity, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows: 100 times the break X / Y where X is the number of amino acid residues recorded as identical matches of the sequence matching program NCBI-BLAST2 in the program match of A and B, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be understood that, unless the length of amino acid sequence A corresponds to the length of amino acid sequence B, the% amino acid sequence identity from A to B is not equal to the% amino acid sequence identity of B to A.

"PRO Polynucleotide Variant" or "PRO Nucleic Acid Sequence Variant" refers to a nucleic acid molecule that encodes an active PRO polypeptide as defined below and that has at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as described herein discloses a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without a signal peptide as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length peptide sequence as disclosed herein. Typically, a PRO polynucleotide variant will have at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85%. nuc at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and, alternatively, at least about 99% nucleic acid sequence identity, with a nucleic acid sequence which discloses for a full length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a full length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Variants do not include the native nucleotide sequence.

Usually PRO polynucleotide variants have a length of at least about 30 nucleotides, alternatively at least one length of at least about 60 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 90 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 120 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 150 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 180 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 210 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 240 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 270 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 300 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 450 nucleotides, alternatively a length of at least about 600 nucleotides, alternatively at least a length of at least about 900 nucleotides, or more.

"Percent (%) nucleic acid sequence identity" with respect to herein identified PRO-coding Nulceinsäuresequenzen is the percentage of nucleotides in a candidate sequence defined with the nucleotides in the PRO nucleic acid sequence of interest, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, provided to achieve maximum percent sequence identity required, are identical. Matching for the purpose of determining percent nucleic acid sequence identity may occur different ways can be achieved in the area of the area of the invention, for example, using publicly available Computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign software (DNASTAR). For however, the purposes herein become% nucleic acid sequence identity values using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2, in which the complete Source code for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was developed by Genentech, Inc., and the source code shown below in Table 1 was incorporated with user documentation in U.S. Pat. Copyright Office, Washington D.C., 20559, where it is filed under U.S. Copyright Registration Number TXU510087 is registered. The ALIGN-2 program is through Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, public available or may be from the source code provided in Table 1 below be compiled. The ALIGN-2 program should be for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D, to be compiled. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.

In situations where ALIGN-2 is used for nucleic acid sequence comparison, the% nucleic acid sequence identity of a particular nucleic acid sequence C to, with or against a particular nucleic acid sequence D (which may alternatively be described as a particular nucleic acid sequence C, which confer a particular% nucleic acid sequence identity, with or against a particular nucleic acid sequence D or comprises) calculated as follows: 100 times the break W / Z where W is the number of nucleotides recorded as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in the program alignment of C and D, and Z is the total number of nucleotides in D. It will be understood that, unless the length of nucleic acid sequence C corresponds to the length of nucleic acid sequence D, the% nucleic acid sequence identity of C to D does not equal the% nucleic acid sequence identity of D to C. As examples of% nucleic acid sequence identity calculations, Tables 4 and 5 show how the% nucleic acid sequence identity of the nucleic acid sequence, referred to as "control DNA", is calculated to the nucleic acid sequence designated as "PRO DNA", where "PRO "DNA" represents a hypothetical PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequence of interest, "comparative DNA" represents the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid molecule with which the "PRO DNA" nucleic acid molecule of interest is compared, and "N", "L" and "V" each represent different hypothetical nucleotides.

Except specific otherwise noted, all% nucleic acid sequence identity values used herein are as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using received from the ALIGN-2 computer program. % Nucleic acid sequence identity values can however, as described below using the WU-BLAST-2 computer program (Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology 266, 460-480 (1996)). Most of the WU-BLAST-2 search parameters are set to default values. Those who are not at default values are set, i. the changeable Parameters are set with the following values: overlap span = 1, overlap fraction = 0.125, word threshold (T) = 11 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62. If WU-BLAST-2 is used, then a % Nucleic acid sequence identity value by sharing (a) the number of matches identical nucleotides between the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest with a sequence consisting of the native sequence PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid and the reference nucleic acid molecule of interest (i.e., the sequence, with the PRO polypeptide-encoding Nucleic acid molecule of interest compared which may be a PRO polynucleotide variant) as by WU-BLAST-2 determined by (b) the total number of nucleotides of the PRO polypeptide-encoding Nucleic acid molecule of interest certainly. For example, the statement "an isolated nucleic acid molecule that has a nucleic acid sequence A comprising at least 80% nucleic acid sequence identity with the nucleic acid sequence B has "the nucleic acid sequence A is the comparison nucleic acid molecule of interest, and the nucleic acid sequence B is the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest.

percent Nucleic acid sequence identity may also be using the sequence comparison program NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3389-3402 (1997)). The NCBI BLAST2 sequence comparison program can be obtained from the address http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov downloaded or otherwise from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, related. NCBI-BLAST2 uses several search parameters, wherein all of these search parameters are set to default values, including for example, unmask = yes, beach = all, expected oc currences = 10, minimum low complexity length = 15/5, multi-pass e-value = 0.01, constant for multi-pass = 25, drop-off for final gapped alignment = 25 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62.

In situations where NCBI-BLAST2 is used for sequence comparisons, the% nucleic acid sequence identity of a particular nucleic acid sequence C to, with or against a particular nucleic acid sequence D (which may alternatively be described as a particular nucleic acid sequence C having a particular nucleic acid sequence identity to it) or against a particular nucleic acid sequence D) is calculated as follows: 100 times the break W / Z where W is the number of nucleotides recorded as identical matches by the sequence alignment program NCBI-BLAST2 in the program alignment of C and D, and Z is the total number of nucleotides in D. It will be understood that, unless the length of nucleic acid sequence C is equal to the length of nucleic acid sequence D, the% nucleic acid sequence identity of C to D does not correspond to the% nucleic acid sequence identity of D to C.

In other embodiments For example, PRO polynucleotide variants are nucleic acid molecules encoding an active PRO polypeptide encode and which are capable, preferably under stringent, of themselves Hybridization and washing conditions, to nucleotide sequences too hybridize for a full-length PRO polypeptide as disclosed herein. PRO polypeptide variants may include those be, for the one PRO polynucleotide variant coded.

The Term "Positive" in context with sequence comparison, which is carried out as described above, includes Residues in the compared sequences which are not identical, however similar properties (e.g., as a result of conservative substitutions, see table 6 below). For the purposes herein is the% value of positives by sharing (a) the number of amino acid residues, which is a positive value between the PRO polypeptide amino acid sequence of interest with a sequence consisting of the native PRO polypeptide sequence and the comparative amino acid sequence of interest (i.e. the amino acid sequence, with which the PRO polypeptide sequence is compared) as in the BLOSUM26 matrix of WU-BLAST-2 determined by (b) the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide of interest.

Except specific otherwise stated, the% value of positives becomes as immediate previously described paragraph. In connection with Bind amino acid sequence identity however, comparisons as described above for ALIGN-2 and NCBI-BLAST2 carried out not just amino acid residues in the compared sequences that are identical, but also those that are similar Have properties. Amino acid residues which are positive value to an amino acid residue of interest are those that are either identical to the amino acid residue of interest or a preferred substitution (as shown in Table 6) of the amino acid residue are of interest.

For amino acid sequence comparisons using ALIGN-2 or NCBI-BLAST2, the% value of positives of a particular amino acid sequence A is to, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B (which may alternatively be described as a particular amino acid sequence A, which is a certain% Positive to, with or against a particular amino acid sequence B has or comprises) calculated as follows: 100 times the break X / Y where X is the number of amino acid residues that have a positive value as previously defined by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 or NCBI-BLAST2 in the program alignment of A and B, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be understood that unless the length of amino acid sequence A is equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the% positives from A to B are not equal to the% positives from B to A.

"Isolated", if used, to describe the various polypeptides disclosed herein, denotes a polypeptide that is identified and separated and / or was obtained from a component of its natural environment. Contaminating components of its natural environment are materials that typically diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the polypeptide to disturb would and can Enzymes, hormones and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes integrated. In preferred embodiments the polypeptide (1) is purified to a sufficient degree at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by using a centrifuge tube sequencer, or (2) by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing or reducing conditions by Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver staining until to homogeneity cleaned. Isolated polypeptide includes polypeptide in situ within recombinant cells, since at least one component of the natural Environment of the PRO polypeptide is absent. Usually becomes isolated polypeptide by at least one purification step produced.

A coding for "isolated" PRO polypeptide nucleic acid or one for nucleic acid encoding another polypeptide is a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least one contaminating nucleic acid molecule identified and separated with which it is normally in the natural source of the polypeptide encoding nucleic acid is associated. One for isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule is in a different form or nature before it can be found in nature. For isolated Polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecules are therefore from the for specific polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule, as in natural Cells exist, differentiated. However, an isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule includes for polypeptide coding nucleic acid molecules, contained in cells, which are usually the polypeptide expressing, for example, the nucleic acid molecule on a other chromosomal site than in natural cells.

The Designation "Control Sequences" refers to DNA sequences used to express an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism are required. The control sequences, for example for Prokaryotes are suitable, include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site. eukaryotic Cells are known for Promoters, polyadenylation signals and enhancers.

Nucleic acid is "operably linked" when brought into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide when expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned to support translation. In general, "operably linked" means that the DNA sequences that are linked are contiguous and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in the reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be combined be menhängend. Binding is by ligation at appropriate restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adapters or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.

The The term "antibody" is used broadly Sinn uses and covers in particular, for example, single monoclonal Anti-PRO antibodies (including Agonists, antagonists and neutralizing antibodies), anti-PRO antibody compositions with polyepitopic specificity, single-chain anti-PRO antibodies and fragments of anti-PRO antibodies from (see below). The term "monoclonal antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody, obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies was, i.e. that the individual antibodies that make up the population are identical, with the possible exception of Naturally occurring mutations that may be present in small amounts.

"Stringency" of hybridization reactions can Professionals easily determine and are generally based on an empirical Calculation, by probe length, Washing temperature and salt concentration depends. Generally require longer Probes higher Temperatures for correct annealing, while shorter probes lower temperatures require. Hybridization in general depends on the ability denatured DNA from reanimating when complementary strands in an environment below their melting temperature are present. The higher the degree of desired homogeneity between the probe and the hybridizable sequence is the higher also the relative temperature that can be used. As result follows that higher relative temperatures would tend to be the reaction conditions more stringent while lower temperatures would require this less. For additional details and explanations to the Stringency of hybridization reactions see Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley Interscience Publishers (1995).

"Stringent conditions" or "conditions higher Stringency "as here can be defined are identified as those conditions which: (1) low ionic strength and high temperatures for use the washing, for example 0.015 M sodium chloride / 0.0015 M sodium citrate / 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50 ° C; (2) during hybridization use denaturing agent such as formamide, e.g. 50% by volume of formamide with 0.1% bovine serum albumin / 0.1% Ficoll / 0.1% Polyvinylpyrrolidone / 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 at 750 mM sodium chloride, 75 mM sodium citrate at 42 ° C; or (3) 50% formamide, 5x SSC (0.75 M NaCl, 0.075 M sodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.8), 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 5x Denhardts Solution, sonicated salmon sperm DNA (50 μg / ml), 0.1% SDS and 10% dextran sulfate at 42 ° C, with washes at 42 ° C in 0.2x SSC (sodium chloride / sodium citrate) and 50% formamide at 55 ° C, followed by a high stringency wash step consisting of 0.1 × SSC, contains the EDTA, at 55 ° C, use.

"Moderately stringent Conditions "can be like by Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press (1989) and close the use of washing solution and hybridization conditions (e.g., temperature, ionic strength, and % SDS) that are less stringent than those previously described were. An example for moderately stringent conditions is overnight incubation at 37 ° C in one Solution, comprising: 20% formamide, 5x SSC (150 mM NaCl, 15 mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7,6), 5 × Denhardts Solution, 10% dextran sulfate and 20 mg / ml denatured sheared salmon sperm DNA; followed by washing the filters in 1 x SSC at about 37-50 ° C. professionals will detect how to adjust temperature, ionic strength, etc. as needed are factors such as probe length and the like.

The Term "epitope tagged" when used herein refers to a hybrid polypeptide comprising a PRO polypeptide fused to a "tag polypeptide" includes. The tag polypeptide has enough residues to enter Provide an epitope against which an antibody can be made, However, it is also sufficiently short that it is the activity of the polypeptide, it is merged does not bother. The tag polypeptide is preferably also rather unique, so that the antibody with other epitopes are essentially not cross-reacted. suitable Labeling polypeptides generally have at least six amino acid residues and usually between about 8 and 50 amino acid residues (preferably between about 10 and 20 amino acid residues).

As used herein, the term "immunoadhesin" refers to antibody-like molecules that combine the binding specificity of a heterologous protein (an "adhesin") with the effector functions of immunoglobulin constant domains. Structurally, the immunoadhesins comprise a fusion between an amino acid sequence with the desired binding specificity that is different from the anti gene recognition and binding site of an antibody (ie, "heterologous") and an immunoglobulin constant domain sequence. The adhesin portion of an immunoadhesin molecule is typically a contiguous amino acid sequence that includes at least the binding site of a receptor or ligand. The immunoglobulin constant domain sequence in the immunoadhesin may be from an immunoglobulin such as IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3 or IgG-4 subtypes, IgA (including IgA-1 and IgA-2), IgE, IgD or IgM to be obtained.

"Active" or "Activity" for the purpose herein refers to the form (s) of a PRO polypeptide comprising a biological and / or an immunological activity of native or natural carries PRO occurring in itself, wherein "biological" activity is at one biological function (either inhibitory or stimulatory) which is caused by a native or naturally occurring PRO will and is not the ability the production of an antibody to induce an antigenic epitope from a native or of course occurring PRO, and an "immunological" activity refers to the ability to the production of an antibody to induce an antigenic epitope derived from a native or Naturally occurring PRO.

The Designation "antagonist" is the furthest Senses used and closed any molecule, the one biological activity a native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein, in part or in part completely blocked, inhibits or neutralizes. On similar Way, the term "agonist" in the broadest sense used and closed any molecule a having a biological activity of one disclosed herein, mimicking native PRO polypeptide. Suitable agonist or antagonist molecules include in particular agonist or antagonist antibodies or antibody fragments, Fragments or amino acid sequence variants of native PRO polypeptides, peptides, antisense oligonucleotides, small organic molecules etc. Method of identifying agonists or antagonists of a PRO polypeptide contacting a PRO polypeptide with a candidate agonist or antagonist molecule and measuring a detectable change in one or more biological activities, which are normally associated with the PRO polypeptide.

"Treatment" refers to both on therapeutic treatment as well as on prophylactic or preventive Activities, where the goal is prevention or slowing down (weakening) the pathological condition or disorder in question. Those who need such treatment include those one who is already ill, as well as those who have a tendency show, to suffer this disease, or those in which it is the Disease is to be prevented.

Refers to "chronic" administration in contrast to an acute mode of administration of the Means / means in a continuous manner to the initial therapeutic effect (activity) over a longer To maintain time span. "Discontinuous" administration is a treatment that does not take place in series without interruption, but rather in a cyclical way.

"Mammal" for the purpose of treatment refers to any animal, that classified as mammal is inclusive Humans, farm animals and livestock, zoo, sports and pets, such as dogs, Cats, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, rabbits, etc. Preferably, the mammal is a Human.

Administration "in combination with" one or more includes therapeutic agents simultaneous (simultaneous) and sequential administration in any order.

"Carriers" as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers that are non-toxic to the cell or mammal exposed to them at the dosages and concentrations used. Often, the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous, pH buffered solution. Examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; Antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptide (less than about 10 residues); Proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; Amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; Monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose or dextrins; Chelating agents such as EDTA; Sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and / or nonionic surfactants such as TWEEN ^™ , polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PLURONICS ^™ .

"Antibody fragments" comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the anti gene binding or variable region of the intact antibody. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab ', F (ab') ₂ and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies (Zapata et al., Protein Eng. 8 (10), 1057-1062 (1995)); single chain antibody molecules; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

Papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen-binding fragments called "Fab" fragments, each with a single antigen-binding site and a remaining "Fc" fragment, a designation that reflects the ability to readily crystallize. Pepsin treatment results in an F (ab ') ₂ fragment that has two antigen-combining sites yet is capable of cross-linking antigen.

"Fv" is the minimal antibody fragment that has a complete antigen recognition and binding site. This region consists of a dimer of a variable heavy and a variable light chain domain in close, non-covalent association. In this configuration, an interaction between the three CDRs of each variable domain occurs to define an antigen binding site on the surface of the V _H -V _L dimer. Together, the six CDRs confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv that includes only three CDRs that are specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, but at a lower affinity than the entire binding site.

The Fab fragment also contains the light chain constant domain and the first heavy chain constant domain (CH1). Fab fragments differ from Fab 'fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CH1 domain, including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region. Fab'-SH herein is the designation for Fab 'in which the cysteine residue (s) of the constant domains have / have a free thiol group. F (ab ') ₂ antibody fragments were originally produced as pairs of Fab' fragments that had hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical bonds are known for antibody fragments.

The "light chains" of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from any vertebrate species can be one or two unique distinguishable types, called kappa and lambda, based on the amino acid sequences their constant domains be assigned.

ever after amino acid sequence the constant domain their heavy chains can Immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes. There is five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, and several of these can further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA and IgA2.

"Single-chain Fv" or "sFv" antibody fragments include the V _H and V _L domains of the antibody wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Preferably, the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the V _H and V _L domains, which allows the sFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. An overview of sFv is provided by Pluckthun in The Parmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, Vol. 113, Rosenburg & Moore (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 269-315 (1994).

The term "diabodies" refers to small antibody fragments having two antigen-binding sites, wherein the fragments comprise a variable heavy chain domain (V _H ) linked to a variable light chain domain (V _L ) in the same polypeptide chain (V _H -V _L ). Using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are used extensively, for example in the EP 404,097 ; WO 93/11161; and in Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6444-6448 (1993).

An "isolated" antibody is one that has been identified and separated and / or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminating components of its natural environment are materials that would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody and may incorporate enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes. In preferred embodiments, the antibody (1) becomes a purity of greater than 95% by weight of the antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most preferably to greater than 99% purity, (2) to a sufficient degree Degrees to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by means of a centrifuge tube sequencer, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE purified under reducing or nonreducing conditions by Coomassie Blue or, preferably, silver staining. Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells because at least one component of the natural environment of the antibody is absent. Usually, however, an isolated antibody is produced by at least one purification step.

The Word "tag", as used herein, refers to a detectable compound or composition, which is directly or indirectly conjugated to the antibody to give a "labeled" antibody form. The label may be detectable by itself (e.g. Radioisotope labels or fluorescent labels) or can, in the case of enzymatic labeling, chemical change catalyze a substrate compound or composition which is again detectable.

The term "solid phase" becomes a nonaqueous matrix understood, to which the antibody can adhere to the present invention. Examples of solid phases, which belong to this shut down those partially or completely glass (e.g. Pore glass), polysaccharides (e.g., agarose), polyacrylamides, polystyrene, Polyvinylal kohol and silicones are formed. In certain embodiments, depending on the context, the solid phase may comprise the well of a test plate, in others it is a purification column (e.g., an affinity chromatography column). These Term also includes a discontinuous solid phase of individual particles, such as. those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,275,149.

A "liposome" is a small one Vesicles composed of different types of lipids, phospholipids and / or Surfactant and for delivery of a drug (such as a PRO polypeptide or antibody to) to a mammal useful is. The components of the liposome are usually in a bilayer Formation arranged, similar the lipid arrangement of biological membranes.

Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung)

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Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung)

Tabelle 2

% Aminosäuresequenzidentität =
(die Anzahl identisch übereinstimmender Aminosäurereste zwischen den zwei Polypeptidsequenzen wie durch ALIGN-2 bestimmt) dividiert durch (die Gesamtzahl an Aminosäureresten des PRO-Polypeptids) =
5 dividiert durch 15 = 33,3% Tabelle 3

% Aminosäuresequenzidentität =
(die Anzahl identisch übereinstimmender Aminosäurereste zwischen den zwei Polypeptidsequenzen wie durch ALIGN-2 bestimmt) dividiert durch (die Gesamtzahl an Aminosäureresten des PRO-Polypeptids) =
5 dividiert durch 10 = 50% Tabelle 4

% Nucleinsäuresequenzidentität =
(die Anzahl identisch übereinstimmender Nucleotide zwischen den zwei Nucleinsäuresequenzen wie durch ALIGN-2 bestimmt) dividiert durch (die Gesamtzahl an Nucleotiden der PRO-DNA-Nucleinsäuresequenz) =
6 dividiert durch 14 = 42,9% Tabelle 5

% Nucleinsäuresequenzidentität =
(die Anzahl identisch übereinstimmender Nucleotide zwischen den zwei Nucleinsäuresequenzen wie durch ALIGN-2 bestimmt) dividiert durch (die Gesamtzahl an Nucleotiden der PRO-DNA-Nucleinsäuresequenz) =
4 dividiert durch 12 = 33,3%A "small molecule" is defined herein as a molecule having a molecular weight below about 500 Da. Table 1

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Table 2

% Amino acid sequence identity
(the number of identically matching amino acid residues between the two polypeptide sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide) =
5 divided by 15 = 33.3% Table 3

% Amino acid sequence identity
(the number of identically matching amino acid residues between the two polypeptide sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide) =
5 divided by 10 = 50% Table 4

% Nucleic acid sequence identity
(the number of identically matching nucleotides between the two nucleic acid sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of nucleotides of the PRO DNA nucleic acid sequence)
6 divided by 14 = 42.9% Table 5

% Nucleic acid sequence identity
(the number of identically matching nucleotides between the two nucleic acid sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of nucleotides of the PRO DNA nucleic acid sequence)
4 divided by 12 = 33.3%

II. Compositions and method of the invention

A. Full-length PRO polypeptides

The The present invention provides newly identified and isolated nucleotide sequences ready for that Polypeptides which in the present application referred to as PRO polypeptide become. In particular, cDNAs encoding different PRO polypeptides have been used encoded, identified and isolated as more fully in the examples below is disclosed. It should be noted that proteins present in separate Expression rounds were produced to get different PRO numbers can, that, however, the UNQ number for each particular DNA and the encoded protein is unique and not changed becomes. For easy and understandable The description in the present description is the protein, for the encode the native full-length nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein as well as other native homologs and variants, in the above definition PRO, called "PRO / Number", and Although independent from their origin or the method of production.

As disclosed in the examples below were various cDNA clones deposited with the ATCC. The actual nucleotide sequences these clones can by professionals by sequencing the deposited clone using Methods that are standard in the field of the invention easily be determined. The predicted amino acid sequence may be from the nucleotide sequence determined by standard methods. For those described herein PRO polypeptides and the encoding nucleic acids, the applicants were able to identify what is supposed to be the reading frame as he did on the best with the sequence information available at the time was identifiable.

Full-length PRO1484 polypeptides

Using the WU-BLAST2 sequence alignment computer program, it was recognized that a full-length native sequence PRO1484 (shown in FIG 2 and SEQ ID NO: 2) has some amino acid sequence identity with part of a mouse adipocyte complement-related protein (ACR3_MOUSE). Thus, it is presently believed that the PRO1484 disclosed in the present application is a newly identified adipocyte complement-related protein homologue and may possess activity that is typical of this protein.

B. PRO polypeptide variants

In addition to the full-length native sequence PRO polypeptides described herein it is contemplated that PRO variants can be made. PRO variants can by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the PRO DNA and / or by synthesis of the desired PRO polypeptide become. It will be known to those skilled in the art that amino acid changes change the post-translational processes of the PRO, such as change the number or position of glycosylation sites or changing the Membrane anchoring characteristics.

Variations in the native full-length sequence PRO or in various domains of the PRO described herein can be made, for example, using all methods and guidelines for conservative and non-conservative mutations described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,364,934. Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the PRO that result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the PRO as compared to the native sequence PRO. Optionally, this variation occurs by substitution of at least one amino acid with each other amino acid in one or more domains of the PRO. Assistance in determining which amino acid residue can be inserted, substituted or deleted without negatively affecting the desired activity can be found by comparing the sequence of the PRO with that of homologous known protein molecules and minimizing the number of amino acid sequence changes in regions of high homology. Amino acid substitutions can be made by replacing one amino acid with another amino acid having similar structural and / or chemical properties, for example, by replacing a leucine with a serine, ie by conservative amino acid substitutions. Insertions or deletions may optionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids. The allowed variation can be achieved by systematically making insertions, deletions or substitutions of amino into the sequence and testing the resulting variants for activity showing the full length or mature native sequence.

PRO polypeptide fragments are provided herein. Such fragments may be at the N-terminus or C-terminus be truncated or you can, for example, compared to a full-length native protein, located inside Remains are missing. Certain fragments lack amino acid residues, the for a desirable biological activity of the PRO polypeptide are not essential.

PRO fragments can produced by any number of conventional methods become. desirable Peptide fragments can be chemically synthesized. An alternative approach involves the Formation of PRO Fragments by Enzymatic Digestion, e.g. by Treatment of the protein with an enzyme known to be proteins to split at sites defined by certain amino acid residues or by digestion of the DNA with appropriate restriction enzymes and isolating the desired one Fragment. Again, another useful method includes isolating and amplifying a DNA fragment that is desired Polypeptide fragment encoded by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oligonucleotides containing the desired Defining termini of the DNA fragment are used on the 5 'and 3' primers in the PCR. Preferably share PRO polypeptide fragments at least one biological and / or immunological activity with the PRO polypeptide disclosed herein.

In particular embodiments For example, conservative substitutions are shown in Table 6 under the heading "Preferred Substitutions". Result such substitutions in a change in biological activity, so be more substantial changes, in Table 6 as "Exemplary Substitutions " or as below with reference to amino acid classes even closer is introduced and the products are screened.

Table 6

• (1) hydrophob: Norleucin, met, ala, val, leu, ile;
• (2) neutral hydrophil: cys, ser, thr;
• (3) sauer: asp, glu;
• (4) basisch: asn, gln, his, lys, arg;
• (5) Reste, die Kettenausrichtung beeinflussen: gly, pro; und
• (6) aromatisch: trp, tyr, phe.

Significant modifications in function or immunological identity of the PRO polypeptide are made by selecting for substitutions which have an effect on the maintenance of (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the region of substitution, for example in the form of a sheet or helical conformation Significantly different charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site or (c) the volume of the side chain. Naturally occurring residues are divided into the following groups based on common side-chain properties:

• (1) hydrophobic: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile;
• (2) neutral hydrophilic: cys, ser, thr;
• (3) acid: asp, glu;
• (4) basic: asn, gln, his, lys, arg;
• (5) residues affecting chain orientation: gly, pro; and
• (6) aromatic: trp, tyr, phe.

Non-conservative Substitutions require the exchange of a member of one of these Classes against another class. Such substituted radicals can also into the conservative substitution sites or, more preferably, into the remaining (non-conserved) posts.

The Variations can using methods known in the art, such as for example, oligonucleotide-mediated (site-directed) mutagenesis, Alanine scanning and PCR mutagenesis. Site-directed Mutagenesis [Carter et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 4331 (1986); Zoller et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 10, 6487 (1987)], cassette mutagenesis [Wells et al., Gene 34, 315 (1985)], restriction selection mutagenesis [Wells et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London SerA 317, 415 (1986)] or Other known methods can performed on the cloned DNA to form the PRO DNA variant.

Scanning amino acid analysis can also be used to identify one or more amino acids along with a contiguous sequence. Preferred scanning amino acids include relatively small, neutral amino acids. Such amino acids include alanine, glycine, serine and cysteine. Alanine is typically a preferred scanning amino acid in this group because it eliminates the side chain beyond the beta carbon and is less likely to alter the major chain conformation of the variant [Cunningham & Wells, Science 244, 1081-1085 (1989)]. Typically, alanine is also preferred as it is the most abundant amino acid. Furthermore, it is often found in both hidden and exposed positions [Creighton, The Proteins (WH Freeman & Co., NY); Chothia, J. Mol. Biol. 150, 1 (1976)]. If alanine substitution does not yield adequate amounts of variants, then an isosteric ami Nosäure be used.

C. Modifications of PER

covalent Modifications of PRO are within the scope of this invention involved. One type of covalent modification involves the reaction directed amino acid residues a PRO polypeptide with an organic derivatizing agent, that is able to with selected Side chains or the N- or C-terminal Remains of the PRO to respond. Derivatization with bifunctional Means is useful for example, to crosslink PRO with a water-insoluble support matrix or surface for use in the process of purifying anti-PRO antibodies and vice versa. Usually crosslinkers used include e.g. 1,1-bis (diazoacetyl) -2-phenylethane, Glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, for example esters with 4-azidosalicylic acid, homobifunctional imidoesters, including disuccinimidyl esters, such as e.g. 3,3'-dithiobis (succinimidyl-propionate), bifunctional maleimides such as e.g. Bis-N-maleimido-1,8-octane and agents such as e.g. Methyl-3- [p-azidophenyl) dithio] propioimidate.

Other Modifications include deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues to the corresponding glutamyl or aspartyl residues, hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxy groups of seryl or threonyl residues, methylation of the α-amino groups of lysine, arginine and histidine side chains [T. E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 79-86 (1983)], acetylation of the N-terminal amine and amidation of each any C-terminal carboxy group.

A another type of covalent modification of the PRO polypeptide that is included in the Scope of this invention falls, includes changing the native glycosylation pattern of the polypeptide. "Changing the native glycosylation pattern" means for the present Purposes of deleting one or more carbohydrate moieties, found in native sequence PRO (either by removal the underlying glycosylation site or by deletion glycosylation by chemical and / or enzymatic means), and / or adding one or more glycosylation sites, which can not be found in the native sequence PRO. Furthermore this term also binds qualitative changes to the glycosylation of native proteins, including a change the nature and proportions of the various existing ones Carbohydrate moieties.

The Add from glycosylation sites to the PRO polypeptide can be altered by altering the amino acid sequence respectively. The change For example, by the addition of or the substitution by one or more serine or threonine residues to or at the native sequence PRO (for O-bound Glycosylation sites) become. The PRO amino acid sequence may be subject to change changed to DNA level especially by mutation of the DNA coding for the PRO polypeptide coded, pre-selected Bases so that codons are formed which are the desired ones amino acids translate.

One another means of increasing the number of carbohydrate moieties on the PRO polypeptide is chemical or enzymatic binding of glycosides to the polypeptide. Such methods are within the scope of the invention, e.g. in WO 87/05330 on September 11, 1987, and in Aplin & Wriston, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem., 259-306 (1981).

The Removal of carbohydrate moieties present on the PRO polypeptide can be chemically or enzymatically or by mutational substitutions of codons for amino acid residues encode that as targets for Serve glycosylation performed become. Chemical deglycosylation processes are in the field of the invention are known, for example, from Hakimuddin et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 259, 52 (1987), and by Edge et al., Anal. Biochem. 118, 131 (1981). Enzymatic cleavage Carbohydrate moieties on polypeptides can be detected by use a variety of endo- and exo-glycosidases can be achieved, such as by Thotakura et al. in: Meth. Enzymol. 138, 350 (1987) becomes.

A other type of covalent modification of PRO involves binding the PRO polypeptide to one of a variety of non-proteinaceous polymers, e.g. polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol or polyoxyalkylenes, in the way and Manner described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337.

The PRO of the present invention may also be modified in a manner to form a hybrid molecule which will fuse PRO, to another, heterologous polypeptide or other heterologous ge amino acid sequence includes.

In an embodiment includes such a hybrid molecule a fusion of the PRO with a tag polypeptide that is an epitope which an anti-tag antibody can selectively bind to. The Epitope tag is generally attached to the amino or carboxy terminus of the PRO. The presence of such epitope-tagged forms PRO can be detected using an antibody against the tag polypeptide be detected. The provision of the epitope tag allows it hence also that the PRO is easily using affinity purification an anti-tag antibody or another type of affinity die, which binds to the epitope tag can be purified. Various Labeling polypeptides and their respective antibodies are in the field of Invention known. Examples include poly-histidine (poly-his-) or poly-histidine-glycine (poly-his-gly) tags; the flu HA tag polypeptide and his antibody 12CA5 [Field et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 2159-2165 (1988)]; the c-myc tag and the antibodies 8F9, 3C7, 6E10, G4, B7 and 9E10 [Evan et al., Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, 3610-3616 (1985)]; and the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (-gD-) tag and its antibody [Paborsky et al., Protein Engineering 3 (6), 547-553 (1990)]. Other tag polypeptides include the flag peptide [Hopp et al., BioTechnology 6, 1204-1210 (1988)]; the KT3 epitope peptide (Martin et al., Science 255, 192-194 (1992)]; an α-tubulin epitope peptide [Skinner et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15163-15166 (1991)]; and the T7 gene 10 protein peptide tag [Lutz-Freyermuth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6393-6397 (1990)].

In an alternative embodiment can the hybrid molecule a fusion of the PRO with an immunoglobulin or a specific one Region of an immunoglobulin include. For a divalent form of the hybrid molecule (also as an "immunoadhesin") could be such be formed a fusion to the Fc region of an IgG molecule. The Ig fusions preferably include the substitution of a soluble form (deleted or inactivated transmembrane domain) a PRO polypeptide instead of at least one variable region within an Ig molecule. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the immunoglobulin infusion comprises the hinge, CH2 and CH3 or the hinge, CH1, CH2 and CH3 regions an IgG1 molecule. For further For information on the production of immunoglobulin fusions see also U.S. Patent No. 5,428,130, issued June 27, 1995.

D. Preparation of PRO

The The following description relates primarily to the production of PRO by culturing cells containing a PRO nucleic acid-containing vector are transformed or transfected. Of course, it is considered alternative Processes known in the art for manufacturing can be used by PRO. For example, the PRO sequence or parts thereof may be replaced by direct ones Peptide synthesis prepared using solid phase method [see, e.g. Stewart et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, CA (1969); Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 2149-2154 (1963)]. In vitro protein synthesis can be performed using manual or automated methods. Automated synthesis can be carried out using, for example, a Applied Biosystems Peptide Synthesizer (Foster City, CA) according to instructions made by the manufacturer. Different parts of the PRO can be separated chemically synthesized and by means of chemical or enzymatic Procedures are combined to form the full-length PRO.

1. Isolation from for PRO encoding DNA

DNA, the for PRO can be obtained from a cDNA library, the made of fabric, which is believed to be the PRO mRNA and expressing them at a detectable level. Accordingly, human PRO DNA can be easily obtained from a cDNA library consisting of human tissue is made, as in the examples is described. That for PRO coding gene can also be obtained from a genomic library or by means of known synthetic methods (e.g., automated nucleic acid synthesis) be won.

Libraries can be screened with probes (such as antibodies to the PRO or oligonucleotides of at least about 20-80 bases) whose purpose is to identify the gene of interest or the protein encoded by that gene. Screening of the cDNA or genomic library with the selected probe can be performed using standard methods described, for example, in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989)). An alternative means of isolating the PRO coding gene is the use of the PCR method [Sambrook et al., Supra; Dieffenbach et al., PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1995))].

The following examples describe methods for screening a cDNA library. The oligonucleotide sequences selected as probes should be of sufficient length and sufficiently ambiguous so that false positives are minimized. The oligonucleotide is preferably labeled so that it can be detected by hybridization to DNA in the library to be screened. Labeling methods are known in the art and involve the use of radioactive labels such as ³² P-labeled ATP, biotinylation or enzyme labeling. Hybridization conditions, including moderate stringency and high stringency, are described in Sambrook et al., Supra.

sequences identified in such library screening procedures, can with other known sequences used in public databases like e.g. GenBank or other private sequence databases deposited and accessible are to be compared and compared. Sequence identity (either at the level of the amino acids or the nucleotides) within defined regions of the molecule or over the entire full-length sequence This may be accomplished by methods known in the art and as herein be determined described.

Nucleic acid with Protein coding sequence can be determined by screening selected cDNA or genomic libraries using the first herein Time revealed, deduced amino acid sequence and, if necessary, using conventional Primer extension method as described in Sambrook et al., Supra, forerunner and to detect processing intermediates of mRNA that may be were not reverse transcribed into cDNA, can be recovered.

2. Selection and transformation of host cells

host cells are expressed with expression or cloning vectors described herein for PRO production, transfected or transformed and cultured in conventional nutrient medium for Inducing promoters, for selection of transformants or Amplification of genes responsible for the desired ones Encoding sequences is suitably modified. The culture conditions, such as. Medium, temperature, pH and the like may be from Professionals without excessive experimentation selected become. In general, you can Principles, working instructions and practical maximization techniques productivity of cell cultures in Mammalian Cell Biotechnology: a Practical Approach, M. Butler (ed.), IRL Press (1991), and in Sambrook et al., Supra). being found.

Methods for eukaryotic cell transfection and prokaryotic cell transformation are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, eg, CaCl ₂ methods, CaPO ₄ methods, liposome-mediated methods, and electroporation. Depending on the host cells used, transformation is performed using standard techniques suitable for the cells in question. Calcium treatment by calcium chloride as described in Sambrook et al., Supra, or electroporation is generally used for prokaryotes. Infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to transform certain plant cells, as described by Shaw et al., Gene 23, 315 (1983) and WO 89/05859, published June 29, 1989. For mammalian cells without such cell walls, the calcium phosphate precipitation method of Graham & van der Eb, Virology 52, 456-457 (1978) may be used. General aspects of mammalian cell host system transfections are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,399,216. Yeast transformations are typically performed according to the method of Van Solingen et al., J. Bact. 130, 946 (1977), and Hsiao et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 76, 3829 (1979). However, other methods of introducing DNA into cells, such as nuclear microinjection, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells, or polycations, eg, polybrene, polyornithine, may also be used. For various methods of transforming mammalian cells, see Keown et al., Methods in Enzymology 185, 527-537 (1990), and Mansour et al., Nature 336, 348-352 (1988).

Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the DNA in the vector (s) herein include prokaryotic, yeast, or higher eukaryotic cells. Suitable prokaryotes include, but are not limited to, eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli. Various E. coli strains are publicly available, such as E. coli K12 strain MM294 (ATCC 31,446); E. coli X1776 (ATCC 31,537); E. coli strain W3110 (ATCC 27,325) and K5 772 (ATCC 53,635). Other suitable prokaryotic host cells include Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia, eg E. coli, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, eg Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia, eg Serratia marcescans, and Shigella and Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (eg B licheniformis 41P, disclosed in DD 266,710 , published April 12, 1989), Pseudomonas such as P. aeru ginosa, and Streptomyces. These examples are illustrative and not restrictive. Strain W3110 is a particularly preferred host or host since it is a common host strain for fermentation of recombinant DNA products. Preferably, the host cell secretes minimal amounts of proteolytic enzymes. For example, strain W3110 can be modified to effect a genetic mutation in the genes encoding the host endogenous proteins, examples of such hosts being E. coli W3110 strain 1A2 having the complete genotype tonA; E. coli W3110 strain 9E4, which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3; E. coli W3110 strain 27C7 (ATCC 55244), which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3 phoA E15 (argF-lac) 169 degP ompT kan ^r ; E. coli W3110 strain 37D6, which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3 phoA E15 (argF-lac) 169 degP ompT rbs7 ilvG kan ^r ; E. coli W3110 strain 40B4, which is strain 37D6 with a non-kanamycin resistant degP deletion mutation; and an E. coli mutant periplasmic protease strain disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,946,783 issued August 7, 1990. Alternatively, in vitro cloning methods, eg, PCR or other nucleic acid polymerase reactions, are suitable.

In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for PRO-encoding vectors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used, low-eukaryotic host microorganism. Others include Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Beach & Nurse, Nature 290, 140 (1981); EP 139,383 , published May 2, 1985); Kluyveromyces hosts (U.S. Patent No. 4,943,529; Fleer et al., Bio / Technology 9, 968-975 (1991)) such as K. lactis (MW98-8C, CBS683, CBS4574, Louvencourt et al., J Bacteriol 154 (2), 737-742 (1983)), K. fragilis (ATCC 12.424), K. bulgaricus (ATCC 16.045), K. wickeramii (ATCC 24.178), K. waltii (ATCC 56.500), K. drosophilarum (ATCC 36,906; Van den Berg et al., Bio / Technology 8, 135 (1990)), K. thermotolerans and K. marxianus; yarrowia ( EP 402,226 ); Pichia pastoris ( EP 183,070 ; Sreekrishna et al., J. Basic Microbiol. 28, 265-278 (1988)); Candida; Trichoderma reesia ( EP 244,234 ); Neurospora crassa (Case et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76, 5339-5363 (1979)); Schwanniomyces such as, for example, Schwanniomyces occidentalis ( EP 394,538 , published October 31, 1990); and filamentous fungi such as Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium (WO 91/00357, published January 10, 1991) and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans (Ballance et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 112, 284-289 (1983); Tilburn et al., Gene 26, 205-221 (1983); Yelton et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci., USA 81, 1470-1474 (1984)) and A. niger (Kelly & Hynes , EMBO J. 4, 475-479 (1985)). Methylotrophic yeasts are suitable herein and include, but are not limited to, yeast capable of growing on methanol selected from the genera of Hansenula, Candida, Kloeckera, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis and Rhodotorula. A list of specific species exemplary of this class of yeast can be found in C. Anthony, The Biochemistry of Methylotrophs, 269 (1982).

suitable Host cells for the expression of glycosylated PRO are derived from multicellular organisms. examples for Invertebrate cells include insect cells, e.g. Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 as well as plant cells. Examples of useful Mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and COS cells. More specific examples include Monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells, subcloned for growth in suspension culture, Graham et al., J. Gen virol. 36, 59 (1977)); Chinese hamster ovary cells / -DHFR (CHO, Holiday & Chasin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4216 (1980)); Mouse Sertoli cells (TM4, Mather, Biol. Reprod. 23, 243-251 (1980)); human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75); human liver cells (Hep G2, HB 8065); and mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51). It is considered that the selection of the appropriate host cell is within the scope of the invention falls.

3. Selection and using a replicable vector

The nucleic acid (e.g., cDNA or genomic DNA) encoding PRO can be cloned (Amplification of the DNA) or for expression in a replicable Vector to be inserted. Different vectors are public available. For example, the vector may be in the form of a plasmid, cosmid, viral particles or phages. The appropriate nucleic acid sequence can be inserted into the vector by numerous different methods become. In general, DNA is inserted into a suitable restriction endonuclease site (s). by means of methods known in the art. Vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more signal sequences, an origin of replication or multiple marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter and a transcription termination sequence. In the construction of suitable Vectors containing one or more of these components are used conventional Ligation methods used, which are known to those skilled in the art.

The PRO can be recombinantly produced not only directly, but also as a fusion polypeptide with a heterologous polypeptide containing a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the N-terminus of the mature protein or polypeptide. In general, the signal sequence may be a component of the vector or may be part of the DNA encoding PRO that is inserted into the vector. The signal sequence may be a prokaryotic signal sequence selected, for example, from the group consisting of alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, lpp, or thermostable enterotoxin II leaders. For yeast secretion, the signal sequence of, for example, the yeast invertase leader, alpha-factor leader (including Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces α-factor leader, the latter described in U.S. Patent No. 5,010,182) or acid phosphatase leader, the C. albicans glucoamylase reader ( EP 362,179 , published on April 4, 1990) or the signal described in WO 90/13646, published on November 15, 1990. For mammalian cell expression, mammalian signal sequences can be used to direct secretion of the protein, such as signal sequences from secreted polypeptides of the same or a related species, as well as viral secretory leaders.

Either Expression as well as cloning vectors contain a nucleic acid sequence, which makes it possible that the vector is in one or more of the secreted host cells replicated. Such sequences are for many different bacteria, Yeasts and viruses known. The origin of replication from the plasmid pBR322 is for most gram-negative bacteria suitable, the 2μ plasmid origin is for Yeast, and various viral origins (SV40, polyoma, adenovirus, VSV or BPV) are for Cloning vectors in mammalian cells useful.

expression and cloning vectors typically contain a selection gene, which is also referred to as a selectable marker. Typical selection genes code for Proteins that are (a) resistant to antibiotics or others Toxins, e.g. Ampicillin, neomycin, methotrexate or tetracycline, confer, (b) auxotrophic deficiencies fix or (c) essential nutrients, which are not available from complex medium, e.g. that for D-alanine racemase for Bacilli encode gene.

One example for suitable selectable marker for mammalian cells are those that enable the identification of cells that are able the for PRO encoding nucleic acid absorb, such as DHFR or thymidine kinase. A suitable host cell If wild-type DHFR is used, the CHO cell line, the DHFR activity is missing and as described by Urlaub et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4216 (1980), prepared and propagated. A suitable one Selection gene for use in yeast is the trp1 gene found in the yeast plasmid YRp7 is present [Stinchcomb et al., Nature 282, 39 (1979); Kingsman et al., Gene 7, 141 (1979); Chemper et al., Gene 10, 157 (1980)]. The trp1 gene provides a selection marker for a mutated yeast strain, the ability lacking to grow in tryptophan, for example ATCC No. 44076 or PEP4-1 [Jones, Genetics 85, 12 (1977)].

Expression and cloning vectors usually contain a promoter operably linked to the PRO coding nucleic acid sequence to direct mRNA synthesis. Promoters recognized by many different potential host cells are known. Promoters suitable for use with prokaryotic hosts include the β-lactamase and lactose promoter systems [Chang et al., Nature 275, 615 (1978); Goeddel et al., Nature 281, 544 (1979)], alkaline phosphatase, a tryptophan (trp) promoter system [Goeddel, Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 4057 (1980); EP 36,776 ] and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter [deBoer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 21-25 (1983)]. Promoters for use in bacterial systems also contain a Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence which is operably linked to the PRO-encoding DNA.

Examples for suitable Promoter sequences for use with yeast hosts include the promoters for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase [Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2073 (1980)] or other glycolytic enzymes [Hess et al., J. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 7, 149 (1968); Holland, Biochemistry 17, 4900 (1978)] such as e.g. Enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, Phosphoglucose isomerase and glucokinase.

Other yeast promoters that are inducible promoters and have the added advantage of being driven by growth conditions in their transcription are the promoter regions for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, degradative enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, metallothionein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose use. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are described in more detail EP 73,657 described.

PRO transcription from vectors in mammalian host cells is carried out, for example, by promoters derived from the genomes of viruses such as polyomavirus, fowlpox virus ( UK 2,211,504 , published July 5, 1989), adenovirus (such as adenovirus 2), bovine papilloma virus, avian sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, a retrovirus, hepatitis B virus and simian virus 40 (SV40), from heterologous mammalian promoters, eg, the actin promoter or an immunoglobulin promoter, and from heat shock promoters, provided that such promoters are compatible with the host cell systems.

transcription a DNA for the PRO coded by higher ones Eukaryotes can be made by inserting an enhancer sequence into the vector be increased. Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about 10 to 300 bp that act on a promoter that its Transcription is increased. Numerous enhancer sequences are from mammalian genes known (globin, elastase, albumin, α-fetoprotein and insulin). typically, however, an eukaryotic cell virus enhancer is used. Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bpp 100-270), the early cytomegalovirus virus promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer at the late Side of the replication origin and adenovirus enhancer. The enhancer can be spliced into the vector at a position 5 'or 3' to the PRO coding sequence, However, it is preferably arranged at a position 5 'of the promoter.

Expression vectors in eukaryotic host cells (yeast, fungus, insect, plant, Animal, human or nucleated cells from other multicellular organisms) also contain sequences leading to the conclusion of Transcription and stabilization of mRNA are required. Such sequences are common from the untranslated 5 ', and optionally 3'-, Regions of eukaryotic or viral DNAs or cDNAs available. These regions contain nucleotide segments that are polyadenylated Fragments in the untranslated portion of the PRO coding mRNA become.

Other methods, vectors and host cells suitable for adaptation to the synthesis of PRO in recombinant vertebrate cell culture are described in Gething et al., Nature 293, 620-625 (1981); Mantei et al., Nature 281, 40-46 (1979); EP 117,060 ; and EP 117,058 described.

4. Detection of gene amplification / expression

Gene Amplification and / or -expression may be based on those provided herein Sequences in a sample are measured directly, e.g. by conventional Southern blotting, Northern blotting to quantitate transcription of mRNA [Thomas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5201-5205 (1980)], dot-blotting (DNA analysis) or In situ hybridization using a suitable labeled Probe. Alternatively, you can antibody used, the specific Duplices, including DNA Duplices, RNA Duplices and DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes or DNA protein duplexes. The antibody turn can be marked, and the test can be performed when the duplex to a surface is bound so that when forming duplex on the surface of the Presence of antibody, which is bound to the duplex can be detected.

gene expression may alternatively by immunological methods, such as immunohistochemical staining of cells or tissue sections and tests of cell culture or body fluids, can be measured to quantify the expression of gene product directly. Antibody, the for immunohistochemical staining and / or testing of sample fluids useful are, can either monoclonal or polyclonal and can be in any mammal getting produced. In a simple way, the antibodies can be used against a native sequence PRO polypeptide or against a synthetic peptide based on those provided herein DNA sequences, or against exogenous sequence, fused to PRO DNA and for a specific one antibody epitope to be produced.

5. Cleaning of polypeptide

to shape from PRO can from culture medium or from host cell lysates. If membrane-bound, it can be purified using a suitable surfactant solution (e.g. Triton-X 100) or released by enzymatic cleavage from the membrane become. Cells used for the expression of PRO can be analyzed by means of various physical or chemical agents, e.g. Freeze-thaw cycling, Sonication, mechanical disruption or cell lysing agent, open-minded become.

It may be desirable to purify PRO from recombinant cell proteins or polypeptides. The following are examples of suitable purification procedures: fractionation on an ion exchange column; Ethanol precipitation; Reverse phase HPLC; Chromatography on silica or on a cation exchange resin such as DEAE; chromatofocusing; SDS-PAGE; Ammonium sulfate precipitation; Gel filtration under Using, for example, Sephadex G-75; Protein A Sepharose columns for removal of contaminants such as IgG; and metal chelator columns for binding epitope-tagged forms of the PRO. Various methods of protein purification can be used and such methods are known in the art and described, for example, in Deutscher, Methods in Enzymology, 182 (1990); Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, Springer-Verlag, New York (1982). The selected purification step (s) depends, for example, on the nature of the manufacturing process used and the particular PRO produced.

E. Use of PRO

nucleotide (or their complement) that for PRO codes have different uses in the field molecular biology, including uses as hybridization probes, in Chromosome and gene mapping and in the formation of antisense RNA and DNA. PRO nucleic acid is also for the production of PRO polypeptides by the herein described Recombination method useful.

The full length native sequence PRO gene or portions thereof may be used as hybridization probes for a cDNA library to isolate the full-length PRO cDNA or to isolate in turn other cDNAs (for example those encoding naturally occurring variants of PRO or PRO from other species encoding) having a desired sequence identity to the native PRO sequence disclosed herein. Optionally, the length of the probes is about 20 to about 50 bases. The hybridization probes may be derived from at least partially new regions of the native full-length nucleotide sequence, wherein those regions may be determined without undue experimentation, or genomic sequences including promoters, enhancer elements, and native sequence PRO introns. For example, a screening method involves isolating the coding region of the PRO gene using the known DNA sequence to synthesize a selected probe of about 40 bases. Hybridization probes can be labeled by numerous different labels, including radionucleotides such as ³² P or ³⁵ S or enzymatic labels such as alkaline phosphatase bound to the probe via avidin / biotin binding systems. Labeled probes having a sequence complementary to that of the PRO gene of the present invention can be used to screen libraries of human cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of such libraries the probe hybridizes to. Hybridization methods are described in more detail in the examples below.

each any EST sequence disclosed in the present application is, can be like that using the disclosed herein as a probe.

Other useful Fragments of PRO nucleic acids are antisense or sense oligonucleotides comprising a single-stranded one nucleic acid sequence (either RNA or DNA) capable of PRO mRNA (sense) or to bind PRO DNA (antisense) sequences. Antisense or sense oligonucleotides according to the present Invention include a fragment of the coding region of PRO DNA. Such a fragment generally comprises at least about 14 nucleotides, preferably from about 14 to 30 nucleotides. The ability, an antisense or a sense oligonucleotide based on a cDNA sequence coding for a is derived, for example, in Stein & Cohen (Cancer Res. 48, 2659 (1988)) and van der Krol et al. (BioTechniques 6, 958 (1988)).

binding of antisense or sense oligonucleotides to target nucleic acid sequences leads to Formation of duplexes, transcription or translation of the target sequence blocked by one or more agents, including increased levels Duplicate degradation, earlier Termination of transcription or translation, or by others Medium. Thus, you can the antisense oligonucleotides are used to express expression of Block PRO proteins. Antisense and sense oligonucleotides further include oligonucleotides having modified sugar phosphodiester backbones (or with other sugars, such as those described in WO 91/06629 in which such sugars are opposite endogenous Nucleases are resistant. Such oligonucleotides with resistant Sugar bonds are stable in vivo (i.e., are able to resist however, retain sequence specificity in order to be resistant to enzymatic degradation) to be able to target nucleotide sequences to bind.

Other examples of sense or antisense oligonucleotides include those oligonucleotides covalently attached to organic moieties, such as those described in WO 90/10048, and other moieties that enhance affinity of the oligonucleotide for a target nucleic acid sequence, such as, for example, Poly (L-lysine), are bound. In addition, intercalating agents, such as ellipticine, and alkylating agents or metal complexes can be attached to sense or antisense oligonucleotides to modify binding specificities of the antisense or sense oligonucleotide for the target nucleotide sequence.

Antisense or sense oligonucleotides can be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence by any gene transfer method including, for example, CaPO ₄ -mediated DNA transfection, electroporation, or using gene transfer vectors such as Epstein-Barr virus. In a preferred method, an antisense or sense oligonucleotide is inserted into a suitable retroviral vector. A cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence is contacted either in vivo or ex vivo with the recombinant retroviral vector. Suitable retroviral vectors include, but are not limited to, those derived from the mouse retrovirus M-MuLV, N2 (a retrovirus derived from M-MuLV) or the double copy vectors designated DCT5A, DCT5B and DCT5C are (see WO 90/13641) derived.

sense or antisense oligonucleotides also into a cell containing the target nucleotide sequence Formation of a conjugate with a ligand-binding molecule as in WO 91/04753. Include suitable ligand binding molecules, but are not limited on, cell surface receptors, Growth factors, other cytokines or other ligands that are different at cell surface receptors tie. Preferably disturbs the conjugation of the ligand binding molecule the ability of the ligand binding molecule to become to its corresponding molecule or to bind its corresponding receptor or entry of sense or antisense oligonucleotide or its conjugated Blocking version into the cell is not essential.

alternative to do this, a sense or an antisense oligonucleotide can be introduced into a cell, the target nucleic acid sequence contains by formation of an oligonucleotide-lipid complex as described in WO 90/10448 introduced become. The sense o of the antisense oligonucleotide-lipid complex becomes preferably dissociated within the cell by an endogenous lipase.

antisense or sense RNA or DNA molecules generally have at least about 5 bases in length, about 10 bases, about 15 bases, about 20 bases, about 25 bases, about 30 bases, about 35 bases, about 40 bases, about 45 bases, about 50 bases, about 55 bases, about 60 bases, about 65 bases, about 70 bases, about 75 bases, about 80 bases, about 85 bases, about 90 bases, about 95 bases, about 100 bases or more.

The Probes can also used in PCR procedures to create a pool of sequences to identify closely related PRO coding sequences.

nucleotide the for can code a PRO also be used to hybridize probes for mapping the Gene, that for the PRO encodes, and for the genetic analysis of persons with genetic To construct diseases. The nucleotide sequences provided herein can using known methods, e.g. In situ hybridization, Binding analysis against known chromosomal markers and hybridization screens with libraries, to a chromosome and specific regions of a Chromosomes are mapped.

Encode the coding sequences for PRO for a protein that binds to another protein (for example, if the PRO is a receptor), the PRO can be used in tests for identification the other proteins or molecules be used, which are involved in the binding interaction. By means of such methods can Inhibitors of the receptor / ligand binding interaction identified become. Proteins involved in such binding interactions are, can also used to peptide or low molecular weight inhibitors or agonists of the binding interaction. The receptor PRO can also be used to isolate correlative ligands. Screening tests can be designed to find lead compounds that are biological activity imitate a native PRO or Receptor for PRO. Such screening tests include tests that lead to high-throughput screening of chemical Libraries accessible are what they are particularly suitable for the identification of low molecular weight Drug candidate makes. Small molecules considered include synthetic ones organic or inorganic compounds. The tests can be done in numerous different formats are performed, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical Screening tests, immunoassays and cell-based tests that are based on the Field of the invention are well described.

Nucleic acids, the for PRO or encode its modified forms can also be used to form either transgenic animals or "knock-out" animals, which in turn are useful for development and development the screening of therapeutically useful Reagents are. A transgenic animal (e.g., a mouse or a rat) is an animal having cells that contain a transgene, wherein this transgene in the animal or in a process of the animal in a prenatal, e.g. an embryonic, stage was introduced. A transgene is a DNA that is integrated into the genome of a cell from which a transgenic animal developed. In one embodiment, cDNA encoding PRO can used to code for genomic DNA coding for PRO according to known Methods and used for the formation of transgenic animals to clone genomic sequences, these animals containing cells, which DNA for PRO coded, express. Method of forming transgenic animals, especially from animals like mice or rats, are already routine in the art are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,736,866 and 4,870,009 described. Typically, that would certain cells for PRO transgene incorporation with tissue-specific Enhancers serve as a target. Transgenic animals holding a copy of a for PRO coding transgene contained in the germ line of the animal introduced at an embryonic stage can be used to amplify the effect of increased expression of PRO coding To study DNA. Such animals can be used as test animals for reagents which are believed to be protective For example, pathological conditions associated with its overexpression associate. According to this Aspect of the invention, an animal is treated with the reagent, and a reduced frequency the pathological condition compared to untreated animals, which carry the transgene would be a possible therapeutic Effect regarding to point out the pathological condition.

alternative can do this non-human homologs used by PRO to construct a PRO "knock-out" animal, that a broken or altered, for PRO encoding gene as a result of homologous recombination between the endogenous, for PRO coding gene and changed genomic, for PRO encoding DNA introduced in an embryonic stem cell of the animal. For example can for PRO encoding cDNA to be used for PRO encoding genomic DNA according to the known Process to clone. A section of genomic coding for PRO DNA can be deleted or replaced with another gene, such as for example by a gene coding for a selectable marker which can be used to monitor integration. Typically, several kb of unaltered flanking DNA (both at the 5 'and 3' ends) into the vector integrated [see, e.g. Thomas & Capecchi, Cell 51, 503 (1987), for a description of homologous recombination vectors]. The vector is transferred to an embryonic stem cell line (e.g., by electroporation) introduced, and cells in which the introduced DNA with the endogenous DNA homologue recombined are selected [see, e.g. Li et al., Cell 69, 915 (1992)]. The selected ones Cells are then introduced into a blastocyst of an animal (e.g., a mouse or rat) to form aggregation chimeras [see, e.g. Bradley in: Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach, E.J. Robertson (Ed.) (IRL, Oxford, 1987), 113-152]. A hybrid embryo can then implanted in a suitable, pregnant female ammenti and be discharged to create a "knock out" animal. Progeny carrying the homologously recombined DNA in their germ cells wearing, can be identified by standard methods and can be used be used to breed animals, in which all cells of the animal contain the homologously recombined DNA. Knockout animals can for example, because of their ability to Build up defense against certain pathological ailments, as well as due their development of pathological conditions because of the lack of the PRO polypeptide be characterized.

Nucleic acid, the for the PRO polypeptides encoded, can also be used in gene therapy. In gene therapy applications, genes are introduced into cells to In vivo synthesis of a therapeutically active genetic product, for example, to replace a defective gene to achieve. "Gene Therapy" includes both conventional Gene therapy, in which a long-lasting effect by a single Treatment is achieved, as well as the administration of gene therapy Means one-time or repeated administration of a therapeutic effective DNA or mRNA. Antisense RNAs and DNAs can be thought of as therapeutic agents for blocking the expression of certain Genes are used in vivo. It has already been shown that short antisense oligonucleotides are introduced into cells can, where they despite low intracellular concentrations by their limited Intake caused by the cell membrane, as inhibitors (Zamecnik et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci., USA 83, 4143-4146 (1986)). The oligonucleotides can modified to increase their uptake, e.g. by substituting their negatively charged phosphodiester groups by uncharged groups.

There are many different methods available for introducing nucleic acids into viable cells. The methods vary depending on whether the nucleic acid is transferred in vitro into cultured cells or in vivo into the cells of the intended host. Procedures used for the transfer of nucleic acid in mammalian cells in vitro include the use of liposomes, electroporation, microinjection, cell fusion, DEAE-dextran, the calcium phosphate precipitation method, etc. Presently preferred in vivo gene transfer methods include transfection via viral (typically retroviral) vectors and viral Envelope protein-liposome-mediated transfection (Dzau et al., Trends in Biotechnology 11, 205-210 (1993)). In some situations, it is desirable to provide the nucleic acid source with an agent directed to the target cells, such as with an antibody specific for a cell surface membrane protein or for the target cell, with a ligand for a receptor on the target cell, etc. For example, when using liposomes, proteins that bind to an endocytosis-associated cell surface membrane protein may be used to target and / or facilitate uptake, eg, capsid proteins or fragments thereof that are tropical to a particular cell type, antibodies to proteins that are cycling Internalization, or proteins directed to intracellular localization and prolong intracellular half-life. The method of receptor-mediated endocytosis is described, for example, by Wu et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4429-4432 (1987); and by Wagner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 3410-3414 (1990). A review of gene labeling and gene therapy protocols is provided in Anderson et al., Science 256, 808-813 (1992).

The PRO polypeptides described herein may also be used as molecular weight markers be used in the context of electrophoresis, and the isolated nucleic acid sequences can used for recombinant expression of those markers.

The described herein for the nucleic acid molecules encoding PRO polypeptides or fragments thereof useful for chromosome identification. In this regard, there is a constant need for new chromosome markers because, based on current sequence data, relative few chromosome labeling reagents are available today. Each PRO nucleic acid molecule of the present Invention can be used as a chromosome marker.

The PRO polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules of the present invention Invention can also be used for tissue typing, wherein the PRO polypeptides of the present invention in a tissue differentially in comparison can be expressed to another. Find PRO nucleic acid molecules Use in the preparation of probes for PCR, Northern analysis, Southern analysis and Western analysis.

The PRO polypeptides described herein may also be used as therapeutic agents. The PRO polypeptides of the present invention may be formulated according to known methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically useful compositions, the PRO product of which is combined in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier vehicle. Therapeutic formulations are prepared for storage by mixing the active ingredient of the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th Ed., A. Osol (Ed.) (1980)) in the form of lyophilized or aqueous formulations Solutions made. Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations used and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; Antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptides (less than about 10 residues); Proteins such as serum albumin, gelatin or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; Monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose or dextrins; Chelating agents such as EDTA; Sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and / or nonionic surfactants such as TWEEN ^™ , PLURONICS ^™ or PEG.

The formulations to be used in vivo must be sterile be. This is easily done by filtration through sterile filtration membranes achieved before or after freeze-drying and recovery.

therapeutic Compositions herein are generally incorporated into a container a sterile access opening, for example, in an intravenous solution bag or a vial with a septum that has a subcutaneous injection needle can be punctured given.

The Type of administration corresponds to known methods, e.g. injection or infusion on intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral, intramuscular, intraocular, intraarterial or intralesional way, topical administration or by means of a retarding system.

dosages and desired Drug Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Compositions of the Present Invention can vary depending on your particular intended use. The determination the appropriate dosage or mode of administration falls within the Knowledge area of an ordinary Physician. Animal experiments provide reliable reference values for the determination effective doses for the treatment of humans. The conversion of effective doses between different species may be determined according to the principles that by J. Mordenti and W. Chappell, "The Use of Interspecies Scaling in Toxicokinetics", in: Toxicokinetics and New Drug Development, Yacobi et al. (Ed.), Pergamon Press, New York, 42-96 (1989).

Becomes In vivo administration of a PRO polypeptide or agonist or antagonists thereof, so may normal dosage levels from about 10 ng / kg up to 100 mg / kg mammalian body weight or more per day, preferably about 1 μg / kg / day up to 10 mg / kg / day, depending on the route of administration. Guides to the Certain dosages and methods of administration are described in the Literature provided; see, e.g. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,657,760; 5,206,344 or 5,225,212. It is assumed that different Formulations for different treatment compounds and different diseases that are effective, for example, for an organ or tissue is determined, a different mode of administration is required can do as administering to another organ or tissue.

is Sustained-release administration of a PRO polypeptide in a formulation desired with release properties that are used to treat each are suitable for any disease or any disease which or the administration of the PRO polypeptide requires microencapsulation of the PRO polypeptide. Microencapsulation of recombinant delayed release proteins was reported human growth hormone (rhGH), interferon (rhIFN-), interleukin-2 and MN rgp120 already successfully completed. Johnson et al., Nat. Med. 2, 795-799 (1996); Yasuda, Biomed. Ther. 27, 1221-1223 (1993); Hora et al. Bio / Technology 8, 755-758 (1990); Cleland, "Design and Production of Single Immunization Vaccines Using Polylactides Polyglycolide Microsphere Systems ", in: Vaccine Design: The Subunit and Adjuvant Approach, Powell & Newman (Ed.), Plenum Press: New York, 439-462 (1995); WO 97/03692, WO 96/40072, WO 96/07399; and U.S. Patent No. 5,654,010.

The Retard formulations of these proteins were prepared using Poly Milk Coglycolic Acid (PLGA) Polymer due to its biocompatibility and its comprehensive biological degradable properties developed. The decomposition products of PLGA, Lactic and glycolic acids, can in the human body quickly be disposed of. About that In addition, the degradability of this polymer may vary depending on its molecular weight and its composition set from months to years become. Lewis, "Controlled release of bioactive agents from lactide / glycolide polymer ", in: M. Chasin & R. Langer (ed.), Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1-41 (1990).

These The invention includes methods for screening compounds to those identifying the PRO polypeptide (agonists) or inhibit the action of the PRO polypeptide (antagonists). Screening tests for Antagonist drug candidates are designed to identify connections that are in contact the PRO polypeptides bind or form complexes with them, for which the encode genes identified herein, or else the interaction of the encoded polypeptides interfere with other cellular proteins. Such Screening tests include tests for high-throughput screening accessible from chemical libraries which makes them particularly suitable for the identification of low molecular weight Drug candidates are suitable.

The Tests can in a variety of formats, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical screening tests, immunoassays and cell-based tests, which are described in detail in the field of the invention.

All Tests for Antagonists are similar in that they are contacting the Drug candidates with a PRO polypeptide, one of which is identified herein nucleic acid encoded, under conditions and for a sufficient amount of time, to interact with these two components.

In binding assays, the interaction manifests as a bond and the complex formed can be isolated or detected in the reaction mixture. In a particular embodiment, the PRO polypeptide encoded by the gene identified herein or the drug candidate is immobilized on a solid phase, eg, a microtiter plate, by covalent or non-covalent bonds. Non-covalent bonding is generally accomplished by coating the solid surface with a solution of PRO polypeptide and drying. Alternatively, an immobilized antibody, eg, a monoclonal antibody specific for the PRO polypeptide to be immobilized, can be used to anchor it to a solid surface. The assay is performed by adding the non-immobilized component that can be labeled with a detectable label to the immobilized component, eg, the coated surface having the anchored component. Once the reaction is complete, the unreacted components are removed, for example by washing, and the complexes anchored to the solid surface are detected. If the originally non-immobilized component carries a detectable label, the detection of surface-immobilized label indicates that complex formation had occurred. If the originally non-immobilized component carries no label, complex formation can be detected, for example, by using a labeled antibody that specifically binds the immobilized complex.

If the candidate compound interacts with, but does not bind to, a particular PRO polypeptide encoded by the gene identified herein, its interaction with that polypeptide may be tested by means of methods known for detecting protein-protein interactions. Such assays include conventional approaches such as cross-linking, co-immunoprecipitation and co-purification by means of gradients or chromatographic columns. In addition, protein-protein interactions can be observed using a yeast-based genetic system described by Fields & co-workers (Fields & Song, Nature (London) 340, 245-246 (1989)); Chien et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9578-9582 (1991)), as described by Chevray & Nathans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5789-5793 (1991). Many transcriptional activators, such as yeast GAL4, consist of two physically separate modular domains, one acting as the DNA binding domain and the other as the transcriptional activation domain. The yeast expression system described in the above publications (generally referred to as the "two-hybrid system") benefits from this property and uses two hybrid proteins, one in which the target protein is fused to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4, and a second, in the candidate Activation proteins are fused to the activation domain. The expression of a GAL1-lacZ reporter gene under the control of a GAL4-activated promoter depends on the restoration of GAL4 activity via protein-protein interaction. Colonies containing interacting polypeptides are detected with a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. A complete set (MATCHMAKER ^™ ) for the identification of protein-protein interactions between two specific proteins using the two-hybrid method is commercially available from Clontech. This system can also be extended to map protein domains involved in specific protein interactions, as well as to precisely localize amino acid residues that are critical for these interactions.

Links, the interactions of a gene identified for one identified herein PRO polypeptide encoded, and other intra or extracellular components to disturb, can be tested as follows: usually a reaction mixture is prepared which is the product of the gene and the intra or extracellular component under such conditions and over contains a certain period of time, the interaction and Binding of the two products allows. To the ability To test a candidate compound to inhibit binding, the Reaction carried out in the absence and in the presence of the test compound. Furthermore, a placebo can be added to a third reaction mixture, that serves as a positive control. The bond (complex formation) between the test compound and the intra or extracellular component, which are present in the mixture is observed as described above. The formation of a complex in the control reaction (s), however not in the reaction mixture containing the test compound indicates that the test compound is the interaction of the test compound and their reaction partner.

To test for antagonists, the PRO polypeptide may be added to a cell together with the compound to be screened for a particular activity, and the ability of the compound to inhibit the activity of interest in the presence of the PRO polypeptide indicates that that the compound is an antagonist to the PRO polypeptide. Alternatively, antagonists can be detected by combining the PRO polypeptide and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound PRO polypeptide receptors or recombinant receptors under conditions suitable for a competition inhibition assay. The PRO polypeptide can be labeled, for example by radioactivity, so that the number of PRO polypeptide molecules bound to the receptor can be used to determine the potency of the potential antagonist. The receptor-encoding gene can be identified by a variety of methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, by ligand panning and FACS sorting. Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Immun. 1 (2), Chapter 5 (1991). Preferably, expression cloning is used wherein polyadenylated RNA is prepared from a cell that responds to a PRO polypeptide and a cDNA library derived from that RNA is prepared, pooled and used to transfect COS cells or other cells that do not respond to the PRO polypeptide. Transfected cells grown on glass slides are exposed to labeled PRO polypeptide. The PRO polypeptide may be labeled by a variety of means, including iodination or inclusion of a site-specific protein kinase recognition site. After fixation and incubation, the slides are subjected to autoradiographic analysis. Positive pools are identified and sub-pools are made and re-transfected using an interactive sub-pooling and re-screening procedure, ultimately resulting in a single clone encoding the putative receptor.

When an alternative approach to Receptor identification can be labeled PRO polypeptide via photoaffinity with cell membrane or with extract preparations, the receptor molecule express, be connected. Crosslinked material is made by PAGE resolved and an x-ray film is exposed to it. The labeled complex containing the receptor can cut out, resolved into peptide fragments and protein-sequenced be subjected. The amino acid sequence obtained by microsequencing then would used to make a series of degenerate oligonucleotide probes to screen for a cDNA library and hereby that for the suspected To identify the receptor coding gene.

In another test for Antagonists become mammalian cells or a membrane preparation, that expresses the receptor with labeled PRO polypeptide in the presence the candidate compound incubated. The ability of the compound, this Promote interaction or to block can then be measured.

More specific examples for potential antagonists include an oligonucleotide that binds to which binds immunoglobulin fusion with PRO polypeptide, and in particular antibody including, without a limitation represent poly- and monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments, single chain antibody, anti-idiotypic antibody and chimeric or humanized versions of such antibodies or fragments as well as human antibody and antibody fragments. Alternatively, a potential antagonist may be a closely related one Protein, for example a mutated form of the PRO polypeptide, which recognizes the receptor, but gives no effect, be and thereby competitively inhibiting the action of the PRO polypeptide.

One another potential PRO polypeptide antagonist is an antisense RNA or DNA construct made using antisense technology, wherein e.g. an antisense RNA or DNA molecule acts so that it translates of mRNA by hybridizing to target mRNA and inhibiting Protein translation blocked. Antisense technology can be used be to gene expression by triple helix formation or by antisense DNA or to control RNA, both methods for binding a polynucleotide based on DNA or RNA. For example, the 5 'coding section becomes the polynucleotide sequence coding for the mature PRO polypeptides used herein to form an antisense RNA oligonucleotide a length of to devalue about 10 to 40 base pairs. A DNA oligonucleotide becomes designed to be complementary to a region of the gene involved in transcription (Triple helix - see Lee et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 6, 3073 (1979); Cooney et al., Science 241, 456 (1988); Dervan et al., Science 251, 1360 (1991)) Inhibited transcription and the production of the PRO polypeptide become. The antisense RNA oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of the mRNA molecule to the PRO polypeptide (antisense - okano, Neurochem. 56, 560 (1991); Oligodeoxynucleotides as antisense inhibitors of Gene Expression, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL (1988)). The before described oligonucleotides can also supplied to cells so that the antisense RNA or DNA is expressed in vivo may inhibit production of the PRO polypeptide. Will antisense DNA used, oligodeoxyribonucleotides released from the translation start site, e.g. between the positions of about -10 and +10 of the target gene nucleotide sequence, descend, preferably.

potential Antagonists include small molecules that bind to the active ones Site, the receptor binding site or the growth factor or bind another relevant binding site of the PRO polypeptide, thereby blocking the normal biological activity of the PRO polypeptide becomes. examples for small molecules include, but are not limited to, small peptides or peptide-like molecules preferably soluble Peptides, and synthetic, organic or inorganic nonpeptidyl compounds.

Ribozymes are enzymatic RNA molecules that are able to catalyze the specific cleavage of RNA. Ribozymes act by sequence-specific hybridization to the complementary target RNA, followed by endonucleolytic cleavage. Specific ribozyme cleavage sites within a potential RNA target can be identified by known methods. For further details see, eg, Rossi, Current Biology 5, 469-471 (1994), and PCT Publication No. WO 97/33551 (published on September 18, 1997).

Nucleic acid molecules in triple helix formation, Those used to inhibit transcription should be single-stranded and be composed of deoxynucleotides. The base composition this oligonucleotide is designed to be triple helix formation according to the Hoogsteen base pairing rules promotes, which are generally relatively large Sections of purines or pyrimidines on a strand of a duplex require. For details For details see e.g. the PCT publication No. WO 97/33551, supra.

These small molecules can by one or more of the screening tests discussed herein and / or by any other screening method, those skilled in the art is known to be identified.

The Use of the molecules disclosed herein can also be directed to the positive Based on hits from the bump test, disclosed below and described.

F. Anti-PRO antibody

The The present invention further provides anti-PRO antibodies. examples for such antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, bispecific and heteroconjugated antibodies.

1. Polyclonal antibody

The Anti-PRO antibodies can polyclonal antibodies include. Methods for producing polyclonal antibodies are Known to professionals. Polyclonal antibodies can in a mammal, for example, by one or more injections of an immunizing one By means and, if desired, an adjuvant, bred become. Typically, the immunizing agent and / or the Adjuvant to the mammal injected by multiple subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections. The immunizing agent may be the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein include. It may be useful be to conjugate the immunizing agent to a protein that known for that is to be immunogenic in the animal to be immunized. Examples of such immunogenic proteins include, but are not limited to, Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, Serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin and soybean trypsin inhibitor. examples for Adjuvants that can be used include complete Freund's Adjuvant and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl lipid A, synthetic Trehalose dicorynomycolate). The working procedure for immunization can by professionals without excessive experimentation selected become.

2. Monoclonal antibody

The Anti-PRO antibodies can alternatively to polyclonal antibodies monoclonal antibodies be. Monoclonal antibodies can using hybridoma techniques, such as those by Kohler & Milstein, Nature 356, 495 (1975). In a hybridoma procedure, a mouse, a hamster or a another suitable host animal, typically with an immunizing one Agent immunized to produce lymphocytes that produce antibodies or to be able to produce that are specific to that bind immunizing agents. Alternatively, the lymphocytes may be in vitro be immunized.

The immunizing agents typically include the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. In general, either lymphocytes peripheral blood ("PBLs"), provided cells of human origin desired are spleen cells or lymph node cells, provided non-human mammalian sources he wishes are. The lymphocytes then become with an indefinitely increasing cell line using a suitable fusion agent, e.g. Polyethylene glycol, fused to form a hybridoma [Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, Academic Press, 59-103 (1986)]. Infinitely proliferating cell lines are usually transformed Mammalian cells, in particular myeloma cells from rodents, cattle and humans. Usually Rat or mouse myeloma cell lines are used. The hybridoma cells can are cultured in a suitable culture medium, preferably contains one or more substances that promote growth or survival of the unfused, infinitely proliferating cells. For example, if the parent cells lack the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT or HPRT), the culture medium for the hybridomas typically comprises Hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine ("HAT medium"), substances that inhibit the growth of HGPRT-deficient Blocks cells.

Preferred, unlimited-proliferating cell lines are those that fuse efficiently, the stable ones promote high level expression of antibody by the selected antibody-producing cells and which are sensitive to a medium such as HAT medium. Even more preferred, unlimited-proliferating cell lines are murine myeloma lines, which can be obtained, for example, from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, California, and the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines have also been described for the production of human monoclonal antibodies [Kozbor, J. Immunol. 133, 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 51-63 (1987)].

The Culture medium in which the hybridoma cells are cultured can then to the presence of monoclonal antibodies directed against PRO are to be tested. Preferably, the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies which are produced by the hybridoma cells, by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Such methods and tests are known in the art. The binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can be detected, for example, by the Scatchard analysis of Munson & Pollard, Anal. Biochem. 107, 220 (1980).

After this the desired ones Hybridoma cells were identified, the clones can by limiting dilution subcloned and by conventional Process bred become [Goding, s.o.]. Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and RPMI-1640 medium. Alternatively, the hybridoma cells may be in vivo as ascites in a mammal be bred.

The monoclonal antibody, which are secreted by the subclones may be from the culture medium or the ascites fluid by conventional Immunoglobulin purification methods, such as protein A-Sepharose, Hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis or affinity chromatography, be isolated or cleaned.

The monoclonal antibody can also by recombinant DNA methods, such as those described in US Pat No. 4,816,567. DNA for the monoclonal Antibodies of Invention can be easily isolated and using conventional Methods (e.g., using oligonucleotide probes described in U.S. Pat are able to bind specifically to genes responsible for the severe and light chains of mouse antibody be encoded). The hybridoma cells of the invention serve as a preferred source for such DNA. After being isolated, the DNA can be transformed into expression vectors placed in host cells such as monkey COS cells, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells or myeloma cells are transfected, which otherwise no immunoglobulin protein produce the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies in to reach the recombinant host cells. The DNA can also be, for example by substituting the coding sequence for human heavy and light chain constant domains instead the homologous mouse sequences [U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567; Morrison et al., supra] or by covalent bonding of all or one Part of the coding sequence for a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide to the immunoglobulin coding sequence be modified. Such a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide may instead of constant domains an antibody invention or instead of the variable domains of an antigen-binding site an antibody The invention can be used to a divalent hybrid antibody form.

The antibody can monovalent antibodies be. Methods for producing monovalent antibodies are in the field of the invention. For example, includes Method Recombinant Expression of Immunoglobulin Light Chain and modified heavy chain. The heavy chain is in general truncated at any point in the Fc region, allowing heavy chain networking is prevented. Alternatively, the relevant cysteine residues become through another amino acid residue substituted or are deleted to prevent cross-linking.

In-vitro method are also suitable for the production of monovalent antibodies. Digestion of antibodies to Production of fragments thereof, preferably Fab fragments according to conventional Methods which are known in the field of the invention are carried out.

3. Human and humanized antibodies

The anti-PRO antibodies of the invention may further comprise humanized antibodies or human antibodies. Humanized forms of non-human (eg mouse) antibodies are chimeric Im munglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab ', F (ab') ₂ or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) containing a minimum sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Humanized antibodies include human immunoglobulins (acceptor antibodies) in which residues from a complementarity determining region (CDR) of the acceptor are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibodies) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity and capacity , In some cases, Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Humanized antibodies may also include residues that are found neither in the acceptor antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences. In general, the humanized antibody comprises substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. The humanized antibodies also best comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin [Jones et al., Nature 321, 522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al., Nature 332, 323-329 (1988); and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 2, 593-596 (1992)].

method for the humanization of non-human antibodies are in the field of Invention known. In general, a humanized antibody has a or more amino acid residues who were introduced to him from a source that is non-human is. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as "import" residues, which typically consists of a variable "import" domain be taken. Humanization can be done essentially according to the procedure Winter and coworkers [Jones et al., Nature 321, 522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al., Nature 332, 323-327 (1988); Verhoeyen et al. Science 239, 1534-1536 (1988)] by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences instead of the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. Accordingly, such "humanized" antibodies are hybrid antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567), wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species was substituted. In practice, humanized antibodies are typical human antibodies, in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are replaced by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies are.

human antibody can also using different techniques in the field of Including phage display libraries [Hoogenboom & Winter, J. Mol. Biol. 227, 381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222, 581 (1991)] getting produced. The methods of Cole et al. and Boerner et al. are also suitable for the production of human monoclonal antibodies [Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985), and Boerner et al., J. Immunol. 147 (1), 86-95 (1991)]. Demähnlich can human antibodies by introducing human immunoglobulin loci in transgenic animals, e.g. Mice, in which partially or completely deactivates the endogenous immunoglobulin genes were produced. When provoked human antibody production observed, which is very similar to that in all aspects, which has been observed in humans, including gene assembly, Arrangement and antibody repertoire. This approach is described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,545,807; 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,625,126; 5,633,425; 5,661,016 and the following scientific publications described: Marks et al., Bio / Technology 10, 779-783 (1992); Lonberg et al., Nature 368, 856-859 (1994); Morrison, Nature 368, 812-813 (1994); Fishwild et al. Nature Biotechnology 14, 845-851 (1996); Neuberger, Nature Biotechnology 14, 826 (1996); Lonberg & Huszar, Intern. Rev. Immunol. 13, 65-93 (1995).

4. Bispecific antibody

bispecific antibody are monoclonal, preferably human or humanized, antibodies binding specificities for at least have two different antigens. In the present case, one of the binding specificities for the PRO, the other is for any other antigen, and preferably for one Cell surface protein or receptor or a receptor subunit.

Methods of preparing bispecific antibodies are known in the art. Conventionally, production of bispecific antibodies is based on the co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chains / light chain pairs, wherein the two heavy chains have different specificities [Milstein & Cuello, Nature 305, 537-539 (1983)]. Due to the random selection of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, these hybridomas (quadromas) produce a potential mixture of ten different antibody molecules, of which only one has the correct bispecific structure. Purification of the correct molecule is usually accomplished by affinity chromatography steps. Similar procedures are disclosed in WO 93/08829, published May 13, 1993, and in Traunecker et al., EMBO J. 10, 3655-3659 (1991).

variable Antibody domains with the desired one binding specificities (Antibody-antigen combining sites) can on immunoglobulin constant domain sequences be merged. The fusion is preferably carried out with an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2 and CH3 regions. It is preferred that the first heavy chain constant region (CH1) contains the site that for light chain binding, present in at least one of the mergers, is required. DNAs that for the Immunoglobulin heavy chain fusions and, if desired, the immunoglobulin light chain are inserted into separate expression vectors and are co-transfected into suitable host organisms. For more details on the production of bispecific antibodies See, for example, Suresh et al., Methods in Enzymology 121, 210 (1986).

According to one Another approach, which is described in WO 96/27011, the interface processed between a pair of antibody molecules be to the percentage of heterodimers that are from recombinant Cell culture can be obtained to maximize. The preferred interface comprises at least part of the CH3 region of a constant antibody domain. In this Methods are one or more short amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule through longer Side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) are replaced. Compensation "cavities" of identical or similar size like that long side chain (s) will pass through at the interface of the second antibody molecule Replacing the long amino acid side chains through shorter ones (e.g., alanine or threonine). This provides a mechanism to increase the yield of the heterodimer compared to unwanted End products such as homodimers.

Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full-length antibodies or antibody fragments (eg bispecific F (ab ') ₂ antibodies). Methods for producing bispecific antibodies from antibody fragments have already been described in the literature. For example, bispecific antibodies can be made using chemical linkage. Brennan et al., Science 229, 81 (1985), describe a method wherein intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to form F (ab ') ₂ fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent sodium arsenite to stabilize vicinal dithiols and to inhibit intermolecular disulfide formation. The resulting Fab 'fragments are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives. One of the Fab'-TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab'-thiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine and mixed with an equimolar amount of the other Fab'-TNB derivative to form the bispecific antibody. The produced bispecific antibodies can be used as a means for the selective immobilization of enzymes.

Fab 'fragments can be recovered directly from E. coli and chemically bound to form bispecific antibodies. Shalaby et al., J. Exp. Med. 175, 217-225 (1992) describe the production of a fully humanized bispecific F (ab ') ₂ antibody molecule. Each Fab 'fragment was separately secreted from E. coli and subjected to directional chemical binding in vitro to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibody thus formed was able to bind to cells overexpressing the ErbB2 receptor as well as to normal human T cells, and could enhance the lytic activity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against human breast tumor targets.

Various techniques for preparing and isolating bispecific antibody fragments directly from recombinant cell cultures have also been described. For example, bispecific antibodies were prepared using leucine zipper. Kostelny et al., J. Immunol. 148 (5), 1547-1553 (1992). The leucine zipper peptides from the Fos and Jun proteins were linked to the Fab 'portions of two different antibodies by gene fusion. The antibody homodimers were reduced at the hinge region to form monomers and then reoxidized to form the antibody heterodimers. This method can also be used to prepare antibody homodimers. Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6444-6448 (1993), provides an alternative mechanism for producing bispecific antibody fragments. The fragments comprise a variable heavy chain domain (V _H ) linked via a linker to a variable light chain domain (V _L ) that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain. Accordingly, the V _H and V _L domains of one fragment are forced to form pairs with the complementary V _L and V _H domains of another fragment, thereby forming two antigen binding sites. Another approach for producing bispecific antibody fragments through the use of single-chain Fv (sFv) dimers has also been described. See Gruber et al., J. Immunol. 152, 5368 (1994).

Antibodies with more than two valences are also considered. For example can trispecific antibodies getting produced. Tutt et al., J. Immunol. 147, 60 (1991).

exemplary bispecific antibodies can to two different epitopes on a given PRO polypeptide bind the present invention. Alternatively, an anti-PRO polypeptide arm be combined with an arm that connects to a trigger molecule at one Leukocytes such as a T cell receptor molecule (e.g. CD2, CD3, CD28 or B7) or Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR), e.g. FcγRI (CD64), FcγRII (CD32) and FcγRIII (CD16), binds to cellular Defense mechanisms are focused on the cell that the particular PRO polypeptide expressed. Bispecific antibodies can also be used to locate cytotoxic agents to cells that have a specific Express PRO polypeptide. These antibodies have a PRO binding arm and an arm containing a cytotoxic agent or a radionuclide chelator binds, such as EOTUBE, DPTA, DOTA or TETA. Another bispecific antibody of interest binds the PRO polypeptide and further binds tissue factor (tissue factor, TF).

5. Heteroconjugates antibody

Heteroconjugated antibodies are also within the scope of the present invention. Heteroconjugated antibodies are composed of two covalently bound antibodies. Such antibodies have been proposed, for example, to target immune system cells to unwanted cells [US Pat. No. 4,676,980] and for the treatment of HIV infection [WO 91/00360; WO 92/200373; EP 03089 ]. It is contemplated that the antibodies can be produced in vitro using methods known in the art of synthetic protein chemistry, including those that incorporate crosslinking agents. For example, immunotoxins can be constructed using a disulfide exchange reaction or by forming a thioether bond. Examples of suitable reagents for this purpose include iminothiolate and methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate as well as those reagents disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980.

6. Effector function processing

It may be desirable be the antibody to modify the invention with regard to the effector function, by e.g. the effectiveness of the antibody in the treatment of Increase cancer. For example, one or more cysteine residues introduced into the Fc region which causes the formation of disulfide bonds between the chains in this region allows becomes. The homodimeric antibody thus formed can have improved internalizing ability and / or enhanced complement mediated cell killing and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). See Caron et al., J. Exp. Med. 176, 1191-1195 (1992), and Shopes, J. Immunol. 148, 2918-2922 (1992). Homodimeric antibodies with Increased anti-tumor activity can also be prepared using heterobifunctional crosslinkers, as described in Wolff et al., Cancer Research 53, 2560-2565 (1993). Alternatively, an antibody may be used be edited so that it has dual Fc regions and thereby increased via Complement lysis and ADCC capabilities feature can. See Stevenson et al., Anti-Cancer Drug Design 3, 219-230 (1989).

7. Immunoconjugates

The Invention also relates to immunoconjugates comprising an antibody, the to a cytotoxic agent such as a chemotherapeutic Agent, toxin (e.g., an enzymatically active toxin or toxin of bacterial, plant or animal origin or even of Fungi or fragments thereof) or to a radioactive isotope (i.e. a radio-conjugate) is conjugated.

Chemotherapeutic agents useful for preparing such immunoconjugates have been described above. Enzymatically active toxins and fragments thereof that may be used include diphtheria A chain, non-binding active fragments of diphiheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, mode cin A chain, alpha-sarcin, aleurites-fordii proteins, dianthine proteins, Phytolaca americana proteins (PAPI, PAPII and PAPS), Momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotine, Sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin , Restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin and the tricothecenes. Many different radionuclides are available for the production of radioconjugated antibodies. Examples include ²¹² Bi ¹³¹ I, ¹³¹ In, ⁹⁰ Y and ¹⁸⁶ Re.

Antibody and cytotoxic agent conjugates become more active using a variety of bifunctional protein binding agents such as N-succinimidyl-3- (2-pyridyldithiol) propionate (SPDP), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCl) ester (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutaraldehyde), bisazido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis (p-diazoniumbenzoyl) ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as toluene-2,6 diisocyanate) and bis-active fluorine compounds (such as 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). For example, a ricin immunotoxin may be prepared as described in Vitetta et al., Science 238, 1098 (1987). C-14-labeled 1-isothiocyanatobenzyl-3-methyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) is an exemplary chelating agent for conjugating radionucleotide to the antibody. See WO 94/11026.

In another embodiment can the antibody to a "receptor" (like streptavidin) be conjugated for use in tumor pretargeting, wherein the Antibody-receptor conjugate administered to the patient, followed by removal unbound Conjugate from the bloodstream using a clarifier and the subsequent one Administration of a "ligand" (e.g., avidin) which conjugated to a cytotoxic agent (e.g., a radionucleotide) is.

8. Immunoliposomes

The Antibodies disclosed herein can also be formulated as immunoliposomes. Liposomes containing the antibody are prepared by methods known in the art, as described, for example, in Epstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3688 (1985); Hwang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4030 (1980); and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,485,045 and 4,544,545 become. Increased circulation time liposomes are disclosed in US Pat No. 5,013,556.

Especially useful Liposomes can by the reverse phase evaporation method with a lipid composition, the phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE). Liposomes are filtered filtered of defined pore size to Liposomes with the desired To give diameter. Fab 'fragments of the antibody of the present invention to the liposomes as described in Martin et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257, 286-288 (1982), described conjugated by means of a disulfide exchange reaction become. A chemotherapeutic agent (such as doxorubicin) is optionally contained in the liposome. See Gabizon et al., J. National Cancer Inst. 81 (19), 1484 (1989).

9. Pharmaceutical Compositions of antibodies

Antibodies that specifically bind to a PRO polypeptide identified herein, and other molecules, identified by the previously disclosed screening tests, can for the treatment of various diseases in the form of pharmaceutical Be administered compositions.

is the PRO polypeptide intracellularly and become whole antibodies used as inhibitors, internalizing antibodies are preferred. It can however, lipofections or liposomes can also be used to treat the antibody or an antibody fragment to provide in cells. If antibody fragments are used, so becomes the smallest inhibition fragment specific to the binding domain of the target protein binds, preferably. For example, you can Based on the sequences of the variable regions of an antibody peptide molecules designed be that ability retain the target protein sequence. Such peptides can chemically synthesized and / or by recombinant DNA method getting produced. See, e.g. Marasco et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7889-7893 (1993). The formulation herein may also be more than just an active one Connection as for which requires the particular indication to be treated, preferably those with complementary ones Activities, that do not affect each other negatively. Alternatively or additionally For this purpose, the composition may comprise a means that enhances its function, such as a cytotoxic agent, a chemotherapeutic agent Agent or a growth inhibitor. Such molecules are suitably present in combination, and in quantities that for the intended purposes.

The active ingredients can also be encapsulated in microcapsules, for example by coacervation or by interfacial polymerization, e.g. in hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin microcapsules or Poly (methyl methacrylate) microcapsules, in colloidal drug delivery systems (e.g., liposomes, albumin microspheres, Microemulsions, nanoparticles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such Procedures are in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, supra.

The formulations used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This can be easily achieved by filtration through sterile filter membranes. It can be prepared sustained release preparations become. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, eg, films or microcapsules. Examples of sustained release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (eg, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or poly (vinyl alcohol)), polylactides (U.S. Patent No. 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid, and γ-ethyl L-glutamate, non-degradable ethylene vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as LUPRON DEPOT ^™ (injectable microspheres composed of milk-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate) and poly-D - (-) - 3-hydroxybutyric acid. While polymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate and lactic acid-glycolic acid enable the release of molecules over a period of 100 days, certain hydrogels release proteins for shorter periods of time. If encapsulated antibodies remain in the body for an extended period of time, they may denature or aggregate as a result of exposure to moisture at 37 ° C, which may result in loss of biological activity and possible changes in immunogenicity. Depending on the mechanism involved, rational approaches to stabilization may be developed. For example, when the aggregation mechanism represents intermolecular SS bond formation by thiodisulfide exchange, stabilization can be achieved by modification of sulfhydryl residues, lyophilization from acidic solutions, control of moisture content, use of suitable additives, and development of specific polymer matricone compositions.

G. Uses for Anti-PRO Antibodies

The anti-PRO antibodies of the invention have various uses. For example, anti-PRO antibodies can be used in diagnostic assays for PRO, eg for the detection of its expression in specific cells, tissues or serum. Various diagnostic test methods known in the art may be used, such as competitive binding assays, direct or indirect sandwich assays, and immunoprecipitation assays performed in either heterogeneous or homogeneous phases [Zola, Monoclonal Antibo: A Manual of Techniques, CRC Press, Inc., 147-158 (1987)]. The antibodies used in diagnostic assays can be labeled with a detectable moiety. The detectable grouping should be able to give either a direct or indirect detectable signal. For example, the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope such as ³ H, ¹⁴ C, ³² P, ³⁵ S or ¹²⁵ I, a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine or luciferin, or an enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase, β- Galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase. Any method known in the art for conjugating the antibody to the detectable moiety may be used, including those methods described by Hunter et al., Nature 144, 945 (1962); David et al., Biochemistry 13, 1014 (1974); Pain et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 40, 219 (1981); and Nygren, J. Histochem. and cytochem. 30, 407 (1982).

Anti-PRO antibodies are also for affinity purification from PRO from recombinant cell culture or natural sources. In this procedure, the antibodies are raised to PRO at a suitable level Carrier, such as. Sephadex resin or filter paper, using on immobilized method known in the field of the invention. Of the immobilized antibodies is then contacted with a sample containing the PRO to be cleaned contains and thereafter becomes the carrier with a suitable solvent This essentially washed all the material in the sample except for the PRO, which is bound to the immobilized antibody is removed. After all becomes the carrier with another suitable solvent washed the PRO from the antibody releases.

The The following examples are given as an illustration only provided and the scope of the present invention restrict in any way.

EXAMPLES

in the Commercially available Reagents referred to in the examples were, unless otherwise stated noted, according to the regulations the manufacturer uses. The source of those cells in the following Examples and throughout the specification by ATCC accession numbers identified is the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA.

EXAMPLE 1: Screening of extracellular Homology domain to identify new polypeptides and cDNA encoding them

The extracellular domain (ECD) sequences (including the secretion signal sequence, if available) from about 950 known secreted proteins from the publicly available Swiss-Prot database were used to search EST databases. The EST databases included public databases (eg Dayhoff, GenBank) and private databases (eg LIFESEQ ^™ , Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA). The search was performed using the computer program BLAST or BLAST-2 (Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology 266, 460-480 (1996)) in the form of a comparison of the ECD protein sequences with a 6-raster translation of the EST sequences , These comparisons with a BLAST score of 70 (or in some cases 90) or more that did not code for known proteins were grouped and consensused into the program "phrap" (Phil Green, University of Washington, Seattle, WA) DNA sequences assembled.

Under Use of this homology screen of the extracellular domains were Consensus DNA sequences in relation to the others identified EST sequences under Use of phrap arranged. Further, the obtained consensus DNA sequences often (but not always) using BLAST or BLAST-2 and phrap extended, to use the consensus sequence as much as possible using the Sources of previously explained EST sequences too extend.

On Basis of the consensus sequences obtained as described above were oligonucleotides subsequently synthesized and used to PCR a cDNA library and were identified that contained the sequence of interest also used as probes to create a clone of the full-length coding sequence for a Isolate PRO polypeptide. Forward and reverse PCR primers generally exhibit 20 to 30 nucleotides and are often designed to be one PCR product with a length from about 100-1,000 bp result. The probe sequences are typically of length 40-55 bp on. In some cases will be additional Oligonucleotides synthesized when the consensus sequence longer than about 1-1.5 kbp is. To screen several libraries for a full-length clone was DNA from libraries by PCR amplification as described by Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, with which Screened PCR primer pair. A positive library was then used using the probe oligonucleotide and one of the primer pairs to isolate clones responsible for the gene code of interest.

The cDNA libraries used to isolate the cDNA clones were by means of conventional Method using commercially available reagents such as those constructed by Invitrogen, San Diego, CA. The cDNA was digested with oligo-dT, that contained a NotI site, primed, hemicinased at the blunt end SalI adapters bound, cleaved with NotI, in an appropriate manner classified by gel electrophoresis and in a defined orientation into a suitable cloning vector (such as pRKB or pRKD; pRK5B is a precursor of pRK5D, which does not contain the SfiI site; see Holmes et al., Science 253, 1278-1280 (1991)) in the unique XhoI and NotI sites.

EXAMPLE 2: Isolation of cDNA clones by amylase screening

1. Preparation of oligo dT primed cDNA library

mRNA was made from a human tissue of interest Reagents and Procedures by Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, (Fast Track 2) isolated. This RNA was used to make a Oligo dT-primed cDNA library in the vector pRK5D using reagents and protocols Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, (Super Script Plasmid System) to build. In this procedure, the double-stranded cDNA to a size of more as 1000 bp, and the SalI / NotI-linked cDNA was in XhoI / NotI-split Vector cloned. pRK5D is a cloning vector that has an sp6 transcription start site followed by an SfiI restriction enzyme site containing the XhoI / NotI cDNA cloning sites precedes.

2. Production of randomly primed cDNA library

A secondary cDNA library was formed, which should preferably have the 5 'ends of the primary cDNA clones. Sp6 RNA was generated from the primary library (previously described) and this RNA was used to generate a random primed cDNA library in the vector pSST-AMY.0 using Life Technologies reagents and protocols (Super Script Plasmid System, supra). manufacture. In this method, the double-stranded cDNA was sized to 500-1000 bp, bound to the Blunt end via linkers on NotI adapters, cleaved with SfiI and cloned into SfiI / NotI-cleaved vector. pSST-AMY.0 is a cloning vector having a yeast alcohol dehydrogenase promoter preceding the cDNA cloning sites and the mouse amylase sequence (the mature sequence without the secretion signal), followed by the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase terminator after the cloning sites. Thus, cDNAs present in have been cloned into this vector and fused in frame with amylase sequence, for the secretion of amylase from appropriately transfected yeast colonies.

3. Transformation and detection

DNA from the library described in paragraph 2 above was put on ice cooled, the electrocompetent DH10B bacteria (Life Technologies, 20 ml) were added. The bacteria and the vector mixture were then according to the recommendation subjected to electrophoresis by the manufacturer. Then SOC medium became (Life Technologies, 1 ml) and the mixture was stirred at 37 ° C for 30 minutes incubated for a long time. The transformants were grown on 20 standard 150 mm LB plates, The ampicillin contained, plated and incubated for 16 hours (37 ° C). Positive colonies were scraped off the plates, and the DNA was removed from the bacterial pellet following standard procedures, e.g. CsCl gradient, isolated. The purified DNA was then used for the following Yeast regulations continued to be used.

The Yeast processes were divided into three categories: (1) transformation of yeast with the plasmid / cDNA combination vector; (2) detection and isolation of yeast clones secreting amylase; and (3) PCR amplification of the insert directly from the yeast colony and purification of the DNA Sequencing and closer Analysis.

The yeast strain used was HD56-5A (ATCC-90785). This strain has the following genotype: MAT alpha, ura3-52, leu2-3, leu2-112, his3-11, his3-15, MAL ^-, SUC ^+, GAL ^+. Preferably, yeast mutants having deficient posttranslational pathways can be used. Such mutants may have translocation-deficient alleles in sec71, sec72, sec62, truncated sec71 being most preferred. Alternatively, antagonists (including antisense nucleotides and / or ligands) that interfere with the normal activities of these genes may include other proteins involved in this post-translational pathway (eg, SEC61p, SEC72p, SEC62p, SEC63p, TDJ1p, or SSA1p-4p). or the complex formation of these proteins are preferably used in combination with the amylase-expressing yeast.

Transformation was performed on the basis of the protocol described by Gietz et al., Nucl. Acid. Res. 20, 1425 (1992). Transformed cells were then inoculated from agar into complex YEPD broth (100 ml) and grown overnight at 30 ° C. The YEPD culture medium was prepared as described in Kaiser et al., Methods in Yeast Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 207 (1994). The overnight culture was then diluted to about 2 x 10 ⁶ cells / ml (about OD ₆₀₀ = 0.1) in fresh YEPD broth (500 ml) and again to 1 x 10 ⁷ cells / ml (about OD ₆₀₀ = 0 , 4-0.5).

The cells were then harvested and prepared by transfer to GS3 rotor bottles in a Sorval GS3 rotor for transformation at 5,000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was discarded and then resuspended in sterile water and again in 50 ml Falcon tubes Centrifuged at 3500 rpm in a Beckman GS-6KR centrifuge. The supernatant was discarded and the cells were then washed with LiAc / TE (10 ml, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5, 100 mM Li ₂ OOCCH ₃ ) and poured into LiAc / TE (2.5 ml ) resuspended.

Transformation took place by mixing the prepared cells (100 μl) with freshly denatured, single-stranded salmon testis DNA (Lofstrand Labs, Gaithersburg, MD) and transforming DNA (1 μg, vol. <10 μl) in microcentrifuge tubes. The mixture was briefly vortexed, then 40% PEG / TE (600μl, 40% polyethylene glycol-4000, 10mM Tris-HCl, 1mM EDTA, 100mM Li ₂ OOCCH ₃ , pH 7.5) was added. This mixture was mixed gently and incubated at 30 ° C with shaking for 30 minutes. The cells were then heat shocked at 42 ° C for 15 minutes and the reaction vessel was centrifuged in a microcentrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 5-10 seconds, decanted and stored in TE (500 μl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5), followed by further centrifugation. The cells were then diluted in TE (1 ml) and aliquots (200 μl) were spread on the selective medium previously prepared in 150 mm growth plates (VWR).

alternative instead of numerous small reactions, the transformation took place carried out using a single, large-scale reaction, wherein Reagent levels were adjusted accordingly.

The selective medium used was a synthetic complete dextrose agar lacking uracil (SCD-Ura) prepared as described by Kaiser et al. in: Methods in Yeast Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 208-210 (1994). Transformants were grown at 30 ° C for 2-3 days.

The Detection of colonies which secreted amylase was carried out by Incorporation of red starch into the selective growth medium. Strength was due to the red dye (Reactive Red-120, Sigma) by the method described by Biely et al. in: anal. Biochem. 172, 176-179 (1988). The bound strength became in the SCD-Ura agar plates at a final concentration of 0.15% (W / v) and was added to one with potassium phosphate pH of 7.0 buffered (50-100 mM final concentration).

The positive colonies were sorted out and over fresh selective medium (on 150 mm plates) spread to be well isolated and identifiable to get single colonies. Well isolated single colonies, the re Amylase secretion were positive by direct incorporation of red starch in buffered SCD-Ura agar detected. Positive colonies were distinguished by their ability certainly, strength dismantle, resulting in a clear halo around the positive colony around, which can be made directly visible leads.

4. Isolation of DNA by PCR amplification

Has been isolated a positive colony, so part of it with a Toothpick recorded and placed in sterile water (30 ul) in a Diluted 96-well plate. At this time, the positive colonies were either frozen and stored for further analysis or amplified immediately. A Aliquots of cells (5 μl) was used as a template for the PCR reaction in a 25 μl volume used 0.5 μl Klentaq (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA); 4.0 μl of 10 mM dNTP's (Perkin Elmer-Cetus); 2.5 μl Kentaq buffer (Clontech); 0.25 μl forward oligo 1; 0.25 μl Reverse oligo 2; and 12.5 μl contained distilled water. The sequence of forward oligonucleotide 1 read:

The Sequence of reverse oligonucleotide 2 read:

PCR was carried out as follows:

The underlined regions of the oligonucleotides fused to the ADH promoter region and the amylase region, respectively, and amplified a 307 bp region from vector pSST-AMY.0 when no insert was present was. Typically, the first 18 nucleotides of the 5 'end of these oligonucleotides contained annealing sites for the sequencing primers. Thus, the total product of the PCR reaction from an empty vector was 343 bp. However, cDNA fused to signal sequence resulted in significantly longer nucleotide sequences.

To The PCR was aliquoted of the reaction (5 μl) by agarose gel electrophoresis in a 1% agarose gel using a Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer system as described by Sambrook et al., supra. Clones that resulted in a single strong PCR product greater than 400 bp, after purification with a 96-Qiaquick PCR purification column (Qiagen Inc., Chatsworth, CA) were further analyzed by DNA sequencing.

EXAMPLE 3: Isolation of cDNA clones using signal algorithm analysis

Various polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences were by applying a proprietary signal sequence finding algorithm developed by Genentech, Inc., (South San Francisco, CA) upon ESTs as well as clustered and assembled EST fragments from public (eg, GenBank) and / or private (LIFESEQ ^® , Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.) Databases. The signal sequence algorithm calculates a secretion signal value based on the property of the DNA nucleotides surrounding the first and, if appropriate, the second methionine codon (ATG) at the 5 'end of the sequence under investigation or the sequence fragment examined. The nucleotides that attach to the first ATG must code for at least 35 unique amino acids without any stop codons. If the first ATG has the required amino acids, the second is not investigated. If neither meets the requirements, the candidate sequence is not rated. To determine if the EST sequence contains an authentic signal sequence, the DNA and corresponding amino acid sequences surrounding the ATG codon are evaluated using a set of seven sensors (evaluation parameters) known to associate with secretion signals , The use of this algorithm has led to the identification of numerous polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences.

EXAMPLE 4: Isolation of cDNA clones coding for encode human PRO1484

A Consensus DNA sequence was under other EST sequences Use of phrap as previously described in Example 1 assembled. This consensus sequence is referred to herein as DNA39616. Based oligonucleotides were synthesized on the DNA39616 consensus sequence: 1) to identify by PCR a cDNA library containing the Contains sequence of interest, and 2) for use as probes to form a clone of the coding sequence full length for PRO1484 to isolate.

PCR primers (forward and backwards) synthesized:

Furthermore became a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe of the consensus DNA 39616 sequence constructs the following nucleotide sequence had:

Hybridization probe (39616.p1)

Around screen multiple libraries for a source of a full-length clone, DNA was extracted from the libraries by PCR amplification with the Screened PCR primer pair screened above. A positive library was then used to clones encoding the PRO1484 gene using the probe oligonucleotide and one of the PCR primers to isolate. RNA for construction of the cDNA libraries was prepared from human fetal Kidney tissue isolated.

DNA sequencing of the clones isolated as described above yielded the full-length DNA sequence for PRO1484 (herein as DNA44686-1653 [ 1 Seq. ID No. 1]); (UNQ753) and the deduced protein sequence for PRO1484.

The entire nucleotide sequence of DNA44686-1653 is in 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1). Clone DNA44686-1653 contains a single open reading frame with a unique translation start site at nucleotide positions 77-79 and terminates with the stop codon at nucleotide positions 815-817 (FIG. 1 ). The predicted polypeptide precursor is 246 amino acids long ( 2 ). This in 2 The full-length PRO1484 protein shown has an estimated molecular weight of about 26,994 Da and a pI of about 6.43. Analysis of in 2 The PRO1484 full length sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 demonstrates the presence of the following elements: a signal peptide from about amino acid 1 to about amino acid 22, a C1q domain signature sequence from about amino acid 137 to about amino acid 167 and various amino acid sequence blocks with homology to C1q domain-containing proteins, as in 2 shown. The clone DNA44686-1653 was deposited with the ATCC on January 12, 1999 and received ATCC deposit no. Assigned 203581.

An analysis of the Dayhoff database (version 35.45 SwissProt 35) using a WU-BLAST2 sequence alignment analysis of in 2 shown full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) demonstrated the significant homology between the PRO1484 amino acid sequence and the following Dayhoff sequences: P_W09108, CA1A_HUMAN, C1QC_HUMAN, HUMC1QB2_1, COLE-LEPMA, MMU32107_1, CAS4_EPHMU, A57131 and CERL_RAT.

EXAMPLE 5: Use PRO as a hybridization probe

The The following procedure describes the use of PRO encoding Nucleotide sequence as a hybridization probe.

DNA, encoding the coding sequence of full-length or mature PRO as disclosed herein is used as a probe for screening for homologous DNAs (such as those for naturally occurring variants from PRO) into human tissue cDNA libraries or genomic libraries used in human tissue.

Hybridize and washing filters containing both library DNAs under the following high stringent conditions. hybridization radiolabeled PRO-derived probe to the filters takes place in a solution of 50% formamide, 5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, 2 × Denhardts solution and 10% dextran sulfate at 42 ° C For 20 hours. Washing the filter is done in an aqueous solution of 0.1x SSC and 0.1% SDS at 42 ° C.

DNAs with a desired sequence identity with the DNA for Full-length native sequence PRO can then be coded using conventional methods based on are known in the field of the invention identified.

EXAMPLE 6: Expression from PRO in E. coli

This Example illustrates the preparation of an unglycosylated Form of PRO by recombinant expression in E. coli.

The for PRO encoding DNA sequence becomes initial amplified using selected PCR primers. The Primers should contain restriction enzyme sites that represent the restriction enzyme sites at the selected Expression vector correspond. Numerous different expression vectors can be used. An example for a suitable vector is pBR322 (derived from E. coli, see Bolivar et al., Gene 2, 95 (1977)), the genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance contains. The vector is digested with restriction enzyme and dephosphorylated. The PCR amplified Sequences are then ligated into the vector. The vector includes preferably sequences suitable for encode an antibiotic resistance gene, a trp promoter, a polyhis leader (including the first six STII codons, polyhis sequence and enterokinase cleavage site), the PRO coding region, λ transcription terminator and an argU gene.

The Ligation mix is then used to select a selected E. coli strain using the methods described in Sambrook et al., supra to transform. Transformants are made by their ability Identified to grow on LB plates, and antibiotic resistant Colonies are then selected. Plasmid DNA can be isolated and sequenced by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing approved become.

Selected clones can overnight in liquid Culture medium such as LB nutrient medium, supplemented with Antibiotics, bred become. The overnight culture can subsequently be used to inoculate a larger scale culture. The cells are then grown to a desired optical density during which time the expression promoter is activated.

To cultivating the cells for several more hours the cells are harvested by centrifugation. That by the centrifugation obtained cell pellet can be prepared using various, on the Solubilized in the invention invention known means, and the solubilized PRO protein can then be purified using a metal chelating under conditions that allow tight binding of the protein, getting cleaned.

PRO can be expressed in E. coli in a poly-His tagged form using the following procedure. The DNA encoding PRO is initially amplified using selected PCR primers. The primers contain restriction enzyme sites that correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the selected expression vector, as well as other useful sequences that provide efficient and reliable translation initiation, rapid purification on a metal chelating column and proteolytic removal with enterokinase. The PCR amplified, poly-His tagged sequences are then ligated into an expression vector used to construct an E. coli host based on strain 52 (W3110fuhA (tonA) ion galE rpoHts (htpRts) clpP (lacIq )), to transform. Transformants are first cultured in LB containing 50 mg / ml carbenicillin at 30 ° C with shaking until an OD ₆₀₀ of 3-5 is reached. Cultures are then 50 to 100 times in CRAP medium (prepared by mixing 3.57 g (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , 0.71 g sodium citrate 2H ₂ O, 1.07 g KCl, 5.36 g Difco yeast extract , 5.36 g of Sheffield Hycase SF in 500 ml of water and 110 mM MPOS, pH 7.3, 0.55% (w / v) glucose and 7 mM MgSO ₄ ) and diluted for about 20-30 hours Grown at 30 ° C with shaking. Samples are then taken to check expression by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the bulk of the culture is centrifuged to pellet the cells. Cell pellets are frozen until they are cleaned and refolded.

E. coli paste from 0.5 to 1 L fermentations (6-10 g pellets) is in 10 volumes (W / v) resuspended in 7M guanidine, 20mM Tris, pH 8 (buffer). Solid sodium sulfite and sodium tetrathiosulfate are added to reach final concentrations of 0.1 M or 0.02 M, and the solution will over Stirred overnight at 4 ° C. This Step leads to a denatured protein in which all cysteine residues by sulfitolization are blocked. The solution is centrifuged at 40,000 rpm in a Beckman ultracentrifuge for 30 minutes. The supernatant will be with 3-5 Volumes of metal chelate column buffer (6 M guanidine, 20 mM Tris, pH 7.4) and filtered through a 0.22 μm filter for clarification. The clarified Extract is loaded onto a 5 ml Qiagen Ni-NTA metal chelate column equilibrated in metal chelate column buffer has been. The pillar will with additional Buffer containing 50 mM imidazole (Calbiochem, Utrol grade), pH 7.4. The Protein is eluted with buffer containing 250 mM imidazole. The desired Protein containing fractions are collected and stored at 4 ° C. Protein concentration is enhanced by its absorbency 280 nm using the calculated extinction coefficient based on its amino acid sequence estimated.

The Proteins are prepared by slowly diluting the sample in fresh Refolding buffer consisting of 20mM Tris, pH 8.6, 0.3M NaCl, 2.5M Urea, 5 mM cysteine, 20 mM glycine and 1 mM EDTA, new folded. Refolding volumes are chosen such that the final protein concentration between 50 and 100 μg / ml lies. The refolding solution Gently at 4 ° C 12-36 Stirred for hours. The refolding reaction becomes a final concentration by the addition of TFA of 0.4% (pH about 3) quenched. Before further purification of the protein becomes the solution through a 0.22 μm filter filtered, and acetonitrile is used to reach a 2-10% Added final concentration. The refolded protein is attached to a Poros R1 / H reversed phase column under Use of a mobile buffer of 0.1% TFA by elution with an acetonitrile gradient from 10 to 80% chromatographed. aliquots of fractions with A280 absorption are on SDS-polyacrylamide gels analyzed, and fractions containing homogenous refolded protein are collected. In general, the correctly folded Species of most proteins at the lowest concentrations of Acetonitrile elutes as these species with their hydrophobic interior most compact and prior to interaction with the reverse phase resin protected are. Aggregated species are usually at higher acetonitrile concentrations eluted. additionally to dissolve Misfolded forms of proteins from the desired shape are removed by the reverse phase step also endotoxin from the samples.

Fractions containing the desired folded PRO polypeptide are collected and the acetonitrile is removed using a gentle stream of nitrogen directed to the solution. Proteins are formu in 20 mM Hepes, pH 6.8, with 0.14 M sodium chloride and 4% mannitol by dialysis or by gel filtration using G25 superfine resins (Pharmacia) equilibrated in the formulation buffer liert and filtered sterile.

numerous the PRO polypeptides disclosed in WO 00/56889 have been successful expressed as described above.

EXAMPLE 7: Expression of PRO in mammalian cells

This Example illustrates the preparation of a potentially glycosylated Form of PRO by recombinant expression in mammalian cells.

The vector pRK5 (see the EP 307,247 , published March 15, 1989) is used as the expression vector. Optionally, the PRO DNA is ligated into pRK5 with selected restriction enzymes to allow insertion of the PRO DNA using ligation techniques as described in Sambrook et al., Supra. The resulting vector is referred to as pRK5-PRO.

In one embodiment, the selected host cells may be 293 cells. Human 293 cells (ATCC CCL 1573) are grown to confluency in tissue culture plates in medium such as DMEM supplemented with fetal calf serum and optionally nutrient components and / or antibiotics. About 10 μg of pRK5-PRO DNA is mixed with about 1 μg of DNA encoding the VA RNA gene [Thimmappaya et al., Cell 31, 543 (1982)] and in 500 μl of 1 mM Tris-HCl , 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.227 M CaCl ₂ dissolved. To this mixture is added dropwise 500 μl of 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.35), 280 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM NaPO ₄ , and a precipitate is allowed to form at 25 ° C for 10 minutes. The precipitate is suspended, added to the 293 cells and allowed to settle for approximately four hours at 37 ° C. The culture medium is aspirated and 2 ml of 20% glycerol in PBS are added for 30 seconds. The 293 cells are then washed with serum-free medium, fresh medium is added and the cells are incubated for about 5 days.

Approximately 24 hours after the transfections, the culture medium is removed and replaced with culture medium (alone) or culture medium containing 200 μCi / ml ³⁵ S-cysteine and 200 μCi / ml ³⁵ S-methionine. After a 12 hour incubation, the conditioned medium is collected, concentrated on a centrifuge filter and loaded onto a 15% SDS gel. The processed gel may be dried and a film may be exposed for a selected period of time to reveal the presence of PRO polypeptide. The cultures containing transfected cells may be subjected to further incubation (in serum-free medium) and the medium is tested in selected bioassays.

In In an alternative method, PRO can be used in 293 cells of the dextran sulfate method described by Somparyrac et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 12, 7575 (1981) introduced become. 293 cells are in a centrifuge flask up to maximum Density bred, and 700 μg of pRK5-PRO DNA are added. The cells are first concentrated from the centrifuge flask by centrifugation and washed with PBS. The DNA-dextran precipitate is on the cell pellet incubated for four hours. The cells are made with 20% glycerol Treated for 90 seconds, washed with tissue culture medium and again into the centrifuge flask, tissue culture medium, 5 μg / ml bovine insulin and 0.1 μg / ml Contains bovine transferrin, introduced. After about four days, the conditioned medium is centrifuged and filtered to remove cells and cell debris. The sample, contains the expressed PRO, can then be concentrated and by any method like e.g. Dialysis and / or column chromatography getting cleaned.

In another embodiment, PRO can be expressed in CHO cells. The pRK5-PRO can be transfected into CHO cells using known reagents such as CaPO ₄ or DEAE-dextran. As described above, the cell cultures can be incubated and the medium replaced with culture medium (alone) or medium containing a radioactive label such as ³⁵ S-methionine. After determining the presence of PRO polypeptide, the culture medium may be replaced with serum-free medium. Preferably, the cultures are incubated for about 6 days and then the conditioned medium is harvested. The medium containing the expressed PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method.

Epitope-tagged PRO can also be expressed in host CHO cells. The PRO can be subcloned from the pRK5 vector. The subclone insert may be subjected to PCR to fuse in frame with a selected epitope tag such as a poly-his tag into a baculovirus expression vector. The poly-His tagged PRO insert can then be subcloned into an SV40 driven vector containing a selection marker such as DHFR for selection of stable clones. Finally, the CHO cells (as previously described) can be transfected with the SV40 driven vector. It a label may be applied as described above to check for expression. The culture medium containing the expressed poly-His-tagged PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method such as Ni ²⁺ chelate affinity chromatography.

PER may also be present in CHO and / or COS cells by a temporary procedure Expression or in CHO cells by another method of stable Expression are expressed.

stable Expression in CHO cells is determined using the following procedure carried out. The proteins are expressed as an IgG construct (immunoadhesin), in which the coding sequences for the soluble ones Forms (e.g., extracellular domains) the respective proteins to an IgG1 constant region sequence, the the gene, CH2 and CH2 domains contains and / or a poly-His tagged form.

To PCR amplification will be the respective DNAs in a CHO expression vector using conventional Methods as in Ausubel et al., Current Protocols of Molecular Biology, Unit 3.16, John Wiley & Sons (1997), subcloned. CHO expression vectors designed to be compatible restriction sites 5 'and 3' of the DNA of interest to allow easy shifting of cDNAs. The vector for Expression in CHO cells is as described in Lucas et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 24 (9), 1774-1779 (1996), and uses the SV40 early promoter / enhancer, to express the cDNA of interest and dihydrofolate reductase To control (DHFR). DHFR expression allows Selection for stable maintenance of the plasmid after transfection.

12 micrograms of the desired plasmid DNA is introduced into approximately 10 million CHO cells using commercially available transfection reagents Superfect ^® (Qiagen), Dosper ^® or Fugene ^® (Boehringer Mannheim). The cells are grown as described in Lucas et al., Supra. Approximately 3 x 10 ⁷ cells are frozen in an ampoule for further breeding and preparation as described below.

The ampoules containing the plasmid DNA are thawed by placing in a water bath and mixed by vortexing. The contents are pipetted into a centrifuge tube containing 10 ml of medium and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant is aspirated and the cells are resuspended in 10 ml of selective medium (0.2 μm filtered PS20 with 5% 0.2 μm diafiltered fetal bovine serum). The cells are then aliquoted in a 100 ml centrifuge containing 90 ml of selective medium. After 1-2 days, the cells are transferred to a 250 ml centrifuge filled with 150 ml of selective growth medium and incubated at 37 ° C. After a further 2-3 days, 250 ml, 500 ml and 2,000 ml centrifuges are inoculated at 3 × 10 ⁵ cells / ml. The cell medium is exchanged with fresh medium by centrifugation and resuspension in production medium. Although any suitable CHO medium may be used, a production medium described in U.S. Patent No. 5,122,469, issued June 16, 1992, may be used herein. A 3 liter production centrifuge is inoculated at a concentration of 1.2 x 10 ⁶ cells / ml. On day 0, the cell number pH is determined. On day 1, samples are taken from the centrifuge and bubbling of filtered air is begun. On day 2 samples are taken from the centrifuge, the temperature is changed to 33 ° C, and 30 ml of 500 g / l glucose and 0.6 ml of 10% antifoam (eg 35% polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Dow Corning 365 Medical Grade Emulsion ) will be taken. During production, the pH is adjusted as necessary to keep it at about 7.2. After 10 days, or once the viability drops below 70%, the cell culture is harvested by centrifugation and filtration through a 0.22 μm filter. The filtrate was either stored at 4 ° C or immediately loaded on columns for purification.

For the poly-His-tagged Constructs were the proteins using a Ni-NTA column (Qiagen) cleaned. Imidazole is conditioned before purification Medium added to a concentration of 5 mM. The conditioned Medium is loaded on a 6 ml Ni-NTA column equilibrated in 20 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.4 containing 0.3 M NaCl and 5 mM imidazole at a flow rate from 4-5 ml / min at 4 ° C pumped. After loading, the column is washed with additional equilibration buffer, and the protein is treated with equilibration buffer, containing 0.25 M imidazole, eluted. The highly purified protein is then placed in a loading buffer, containing 10 mM Hepes, 0.14 M NaCl and 4% mannitol, pH 6.8, with a 25 ml G25 superfine column (Pharmacia) desalted and stored at -80 ° C.

(Fc-containing) immunoadhesin constructs are purified from the conditioned medium as follows. The conditioned medium is pumped onto a 5 ml Protein A column (Pharmacia) equilibrated in 20 mM Na phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. After loading, the column is washed extensively with equilibration buffer before eluting with 100 mM citric acid, pH 3.5. The eluted protein is immediately neutralized by collecting 1 ml fractions in tubes containing 275 μl of 1M Tris buffer, pH 9. The Highly purified protein is then desalted in loading buffer as previously described for the poly-His-tagged proteins. Homogeneity is assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gels and by sequencing of N-terminal amino acids by Edman degradation.

numerous the PRO polypeptides disclosed in WO 00/56889 have been successful expressed as described above.

EXAMPLE 8: Expression from PRO in yeast

The The following procedure describes recombinant expression of PRO in Yeast.

First Be yeast expression vectors for intracellular production or secretion PRO constructed from the ADH2 / GAPDH promoter. DNA for PRO and the promoter is coded into suitable restriction enzyme sites inserted in the selected plasmid for intracellular expression from PRO to control. For secretion can code for PRO DNA together with DNA for the ADH2 / GAPDH promoter, encodes a native PRO signal peptide or other mammalian signal peptide, or, for example, a yeast α-factor or Invertase secretion signal / leader sequence and linker sequences (if required) for the expression of PRO in the selected plasmid be cloned.

yeast cells such as. Yeast strain AB110, can then transformed with the previously described expression plasmids and in selected Fermentation medium are cultured. The supernatants of transformed yeast can by make with 10% trichloroacetic acid and analyzed by separation by SDS-PAGE followed by staining of the gels with Coomassie blue staining become.

recombinant PRO can then be isolated and removed by removing the yeast cells the fermentation medium by centrifugation and subsequent concentration of the medium using selected cartridge filters become. The PRO-containing concentrate can be further purified using selected column chromatography resins become.

numerous the PRO polypeptides disclosed in WO 00/56889 have been successful expressed as described above.

EXAMPLE 9: Expression PRO in baculovirus-infected insect cells

The The following procedure describes recombinant expression of PRO in baculovirus-infected insect cells.

The for PRO coding sequence is upstream of an epitope tag that is located in a baculovirus expression vector is fused. Such Epitope tags include poly His tags and immunoglobulin tags (like Fc regions of IgG). Many different plasmids can be used be inclusive Plasmids derived from commercially available Plasmids such as e.g. pVL1393 (Novagen). Short summary will the for PRO coding sequence or the desired portion of the coding sequence from PRO, such as the sequence responsible for the extracellular domain of a Transmembrane protein encodes, or the sequence responsible for the mature Protein encodes, if the protein is extracellular, by PCR with primers, the to the 5'- and 3 'regions are complementary, amplified. The 5 'primer can be flanking (selected) Incorporate restriction enzyme sites. The product is then with those selected Digested restriction enzymes and subcloned into the expression vector.

Recombinant baculovirus is obtained by co-transfecting the above plasmid and BaculoGold ^™ viral DNA (Pharmingen) into Spodoptera frugiperda ("Sf9") cells (ATCC CRL 1711) using Lipofectin (commercially available from GIBCO-BRL). produced. After 4-5 days of incubation at 28 ° C, the released viruses are harvested and used for further amplification. Viral infection and protein inexpression are performed as described by O'Reilley et al., Baculovirus expression vectors: A Laboratory Manual, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1994).

Expressed poly-His-tagged PRO can then be purified as follows, for example by Ni ²⁺ chelate affinity chromatography. Extracts are prepared from recombinant virus-infected Sf9 cells as described by Rupert et al., Nature 362, 175-179 (1993). Briefly, Sf9 cells are washed in sonication buffer (25 ml Hepes, pH 7.9, 12.5 mM MgCl ₂ , 0.1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP-40, 0.4 M KCl ) and sonicated twice on ice for 20 seconds. The sonicated products are clarified by centrifugation and the supernatant is diluted 50-fold in loading buffer (50 mM phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 7.8) and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. A Ni ²⁺ -NTA agarose column (commercially available from Qiagen) is prepared with a bed volume of 5 ml, washed with 25 ml of water and equilibrated with 25 ml of loading buffer. The filtered cell extract is loaded onto the column at 0.5 ml per minute. The column is washed with A ₂₈₀ baseline loading buffer, a point at which fraction collection is started. Next, the column is washed with a secondary wash buffer (50 mM phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 6.0), which elutes non-specifically bound protein. After reaching the A ₂₈₀ baseline again, the column is developed with a 0 to 500 mM imidazole gradient in the secondary wash buffer. 1 ml fractions are collected and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining or Western blot with Ni ²⁺ -NTA conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen). Fractions containing the eluted His ₁₀ -labeled PRO are collected and dialyzed against loading buffer.

alternative this may involve purification of the IgG-labeled (or Fc-labeled) PRO using known chromatographic techniques, including, for example Protein A or protein G column chromatography, carried out become.

numerous the PRO polypeptides disclosed in WO 00/56889 have been successful expressed as described above.

EXAMPLE 10: Preparation of antibodies, tie the PRO

This Example illustrates the preparation of monoclonal antibodies which can specifically bind to PRO.

method for the production of monoclonal antibodies are in the field of Invention are known and are described for example in Goding, see above. Immunogens that can be used include purified ones PRO, fusion proteins that contain PRO, and cells that are recombinant PRO on the cell surface express. The selection of the immunogen can be made by those skilled in the art without undue experimentation.

Mice, like e.g. Balb / c, are immunized with the PRO immunogen in complete Freund's adjuvant emulsified and subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in an amount of 1 to 100 μg is injected. Alternatively, the immunogen is added to MPL-TDM adjuvant (Ribi Immunochemical Research, Hamilton, MT) emulsified and in the balls of the feet the hind legs the animals injected. The immunized mice will then be 10 to 12 days later with additional Immunogen selected in the Adjuvant emulsified, boosted. After that, the mice can also be used for several weeks with additional Immunization injections are boosted. Serum samples can be used mice by retro-orbital blood sampling for testing by ELISA detection for detection of anti-PRO antibodies in periodic intervals be removed.

After this a suitable antibody titer animals with "positive" antibody levels may receive a final intravenous injection administered by PRO. Three or four days later, the Mice killed and the spleen cells harvested. The spleen cells are then selected Mouse myeloma cell line, e.g. P3X63AgU.1, available from the ATCC, no. CRL 1597, available is fused (using 35% polyethylene glycol). The Fusions make up hybridoma cells, which are then transformed into 96-well tissue culture plates, which contain HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine) medium, be plated to proliferation of unfused cells, To inhibit myeloma hybrids and spleen cell hybrids.

The Hybridoma cells are tested for reactivity in an ELISA PRO screened. Determination of "positive" hybridoma cells, the desired ones monoclonal antibody secrete against PRO is within the scope of the invention.

The positive hybridoma cells can Intraperitoneally injected into syngeneic Balb / c mice to ascites to produce the monoclonal anti-PRO antibodies. Alternatively, you can the hybridoma cells are grown in tissue culture flasks or roller bottles. Purification of the monoclonal antibodies, which are produced in ascites can be followed using ammonium sulfate precipitation of gel exclusion chromatography. Alternatively, it can affinity based on binding of antibodies be used on protein A or protein G.

EXAMPLE 11: Purification PRO polypeptides using specific antibodies

native or recombinant PRO polypeptides can be synthesized by many different means Process for protein purification, which is in the field of the invention Standard are, be cleaned. For example, pro-PRO polypeptide, mature PRO polypeptide or pre-PRO polypeptide by immunoaffinity chromatography under Use of antibodies, the for the PRO polypeptide of interest are purified. in the Generally, an immunoaffinity column will be formed by covalent bonding of the anti-PRO polypeptide antibody an activated chromatography resin is constructed.

Polyclonal immunoglobulins are prepared from immune sera either by precipitation with ammonium sulfate or by purification on immobilized protein A (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, NJ). Similarly, monoclonal antibodies are prepared from mouse ascites fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation or by immobilized Protein A chromatography. Partially purified immunoglobulin is covalently bound to a chromatographic resin such as CnBr-activated SEPHAROSE ^™ (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology). The antibody is bound to the resin, the resin is blocked, and the derivative resin is washed according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Such becomes an immunoaffinity column for purifying PRO polypeptide by producing a fraction of cells containing PRO polypeptide in a soluble form. This preparation is achieved by solubilizing the whole cell or a subcellular fraction, by differential centrifugation through the addition of detergent or by other methods that are within the scope of the invention are known, derived, derived. Alternatively, soluble PRO polypeptide, which contains a signal sequence, in more useful Amount are secreted into the medium in which the cells are grown.

One soluble PRO polypeptide-containing preparation will over led an immunoaffinity column, and the pillar is washed under conditions that favor the preferential absorption of PRO polypeptide enable (e.g. High ionic strength buffer in the presence of detergent). Then the column is eluted under conditions the antibody / PRO polypeptide binding break down (e.g., a low pH buffer such as pH 2-3 or a high concentration of a chaotrope such as e.g. Urea or Thiocyanation), and PRO polypeptide is collected.

EXAMPLE 12: Drug Screening

These Invention is particularly useful for screening compounds using PRO polypeptides or binding fragments thereof in one of many different Screening methods. The PRO polypeptide or fragment found in such a test can be either free in solution, fixed to a solid support, on a cell surface worn or intracellular be arranged. A method used for drug screening eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells that are recombinant nucleic acids, the the PRO polypeptide or fragment, are stably transformed. drugs compete against such transformed cells in competition binding assays screened. Such cells, either in viable or fixed form, can for conventional binding tests be used. It can, for example, the formation of complexes between PRO polypeptide or a fragment and the one to be tested Means are measured. Alternatively, the decrease in complex formation between the PRO polypeptide and its target cell or target receptors be examined, which is caused by the agent to be tested.

Consequently The present invention provides methods for screening for drugs or any other agent ready with PRO polypeptide affect associated diseases or conditions. This procedure include contacting such agent with a PRO polypeptide or fragment thereof and testing (I) for the presence of a complex between the agent and the PRO polypeptide or fragment or (II) to the presence of a complex between the PRO polypeptide or fragment and the cell by methods known in the art. In such competitive binding assays, the PRO polypeptide or Fragment typically marked. After suitable incubation is free PRO polypeptide or fragment of that bound in Form is present, separated, and the amount of free or uncomplexed Marking provides a measure of the ability the particular agent to bind to PRO polypeptide or disturb the PRO polypeptide / cell complex.

Another method of drug screening provides for high throughput screening of compounds having appropriate binding affinity for a polypeptide and is described in detail in WO 84/03564, published September 13, 1984. In short, a large number of different Test compounds of small peptides are synthesized on a solid substrate, such as plastic pins or other surface. After being applied to a PRO polypeptide, peptide test compounds are reacted with PRO polypeptide and washed. Bound PRO polypeptide is detected by methods known in the art. Purified PRO polypeptide may also be coated directly onto plates for use in the aforementioned drug screening methods. In addition, non-neutralizing antibodies can be used to capture the peptide and immobilize it on the solid support.

These Invention contemplates also the use of competitive drug screening tests, in neutralizing antibodies, which are capable of binding PRO polypeptide, specifically with a Test compound for binding to PRO polypeptide or fragments thereof compete. That way you can the antibodies used to detect the presence of any peptide, that with PRO polypeptide has one or more antigenic determinants in common.

EXAMPLE 13: Rational drug design

The The goal of rational drug design is the production of structural drugs Analogs of biologically active polypeptide of interest (e.g. a PRO polypeptide) or small molecules with which they interact, e.g. Agonists, antagonists or inhibitors. Each of these examples Can be used to design active ingredients that are more active or more stable forms of the PRO polypeptide or which are the function enhance or interfere with the PRO polypeptide in vivo (cf. Hodgson, Bio / Technology 9, 19-21 (1991)).

In One approach is the three-dimensional structure of the PRO polypeptide or a PRO polypeptide-inhibitor complex by X-ray crystallography, through computer modeling or, most commonly, through one Combination of the two approaches certainly. Both the shape and the charges of the PRO polypeptide must be determined to be able to recognize the structure and to have active site (s) of the molecule to identify. Less often can useful Information on the structure of the PRO polypeptide by Modeling based on the structure of homologous proteins become. In both cases relevant structural information is used to identify analogous PRO polypeptide-like ones molecules to design or to identify effective inhibitors. helpful examples for rational drug design can molecules include improved activity or stability, as by Braxton & Wells, Biochemistry 31, 7796-7801 (1992), or as inhibitors, agonists or antagonists of native peptides, as described by Athauda et al., J. Biochem. 113, 742-746 (1993).

Also Is it possible, a target-specific antibody to isolate as previously described by functional tests is selected, and then elucidate its crystal structure. This The approach is, in principle, a pharmacore, based on its drug design can be performed. It is possible, To completely bypass protein crystallography by using anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-ids) to a functional, pharmacologically active antibody become. It is expected that, as a mirror image of a mirror image, the binding site of the anti-ids is analogous to the original receptor. The anti-id could then used to peptides from banks chemically or biologically to identify and isolate produced peptides. The isolated ones Peptides would then act as the pharmacist.

By the present invention can sufficient amounts of the PRO polypeptide available to make such analytical studies as e.g. X-ray crystallography perform. About that In addition, knowledge of the PRO polypeptide amino acid sequence provided herein provides a guide for those computer modeling methods instead of or in addition to X-ray crystallography use.

EXAMPLE 14: Chondrocyte redifferentiation test (Test 110)

This assay demonstrates that certain polypeptides of the invention induce redifferentiation of chondrocytes by their action and, therefore, are believed to be useful for the treatment of various bone and / or cartilage disorders, such as sports injuries and arthritis. The test is carried out as follows. Porcine chondrocytes are isolated by collagenase digestion overnight from articular cartilage from metacarpophalangeal joints of 4-6 month old female pigs. The isolated cells are then inoculated at 25,000 cells / cm ² in Ham F-12 containing 10% FBS and 4 μg / ml gentamycin. The culture medium is changed every three days, and the cells are then inoculated into 96-well plates at 5,000 cells / well in 100 μl of the same medium without serum, and 100 μl of test PRO polypeptide, 5 nM staurosporine (positive control). or medium alone (negative control) are added to give a final volume of 200 μl / well. After 5 days of incubation at 37 ° C, a recording of each well ge makes, and the differentiation stage of the chondrocytes is determined. A positive test result occurs when it is determined that the redifferentiation of the chondrocytes is more similar to the positive control than to the negative control.

The The following polypeptide gave a positive test result in this test: PRO1484.

EXAMPLE 15: Detection of polypeptides containing glucose or FFA uptake in skeletal muscle influence (test 106)

This Test aims to determine if PRO polypeptides have the ability show glucose or FFA uptake by skeletal muscle. PRO polypeptides, Those who achieve positive results in this test would be expected that they are used for the therapeutic treatment of diseases are useful where either the stimulation or the inhibition of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle would show a positive effect, for example in the case of diabetes or hyper- or hypoinsulinemia.

In In a 96-well format, PRO polypeptides to be tested become primary differentiated Added rat skeletal muscle and allowed to incubate overnight. Subsequently becomes fresh medium with the PRO polypeptide and +/- insulin added to the wells. The sample medium is then observed to Glucose and FFA uptake through the skeletal muscle cells. The insulin stimulates Glucose and FFA uptake by skeletal muscle, and insulin in the medium without PRO polypeptide is considered a positive control as well as a threshold for evaluation used. Since the PRO polypeptide incorporated in the test and FFA recording either stimulate or inhibit, the results become tested positive when tested more than 1.5 times or less than 0.5 times the insulin control.

The following PRO polypeptide scored in this test either as a stimulator or as inhibitor of glucose and / or FFA uptake positive results: PRO1484.

deposit of material

The The following materials were used by the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, USA, (ATCC) deposited:

Table 7

These Deposit was made according to the regulations of the Budapest Treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure and the Provisions Thereof (Budapest Contract). This ensures the preservation of a viable culture the deposit for 30 years from the date of deposit. The deposits are made by the ATCC in accordance with the provisions of the Budapest Contract and according to one Agreement between Genentech, Inc., and ATCC made available, the permanent and unrestricted Availability the progeny of the culture of deposit for the public upon issue of the relevant US patent or disclosure to the public either US or foreign Patent application, depending on what comes first, guaranteed and that the availability the progeny for someone by the president of the Patent Office of the United States in accordance with 35 USC § 122 and the relevant provisions (including 37 CFR § 1.14 with special reference to 886 OG 638).

Of the assignee the present application has agreed that, provided a culture of the deposited materials under appropriate Conditions were cultured, die or lost or destroyed should, the materials immediately be replaced after notification by new same type. Availability of the deposited material is not a license to practice the invention in contradiction with those under the authority of any government according to her Patent laws guaranteed rights to understand.

The above written description is deemed to be sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited in scope by the underlying construct, as the deposited embodiment is illustrative only and other constructs that are functionally equivalent are also within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims. The deposit of the material disclosed herein neither constitutes an admission that the written description contained herein is inadequate to facilitate the practice of any aspect of the invention, including the best mode thereof, nor is it intended as a limitation on the scope of the claims specific illustrations that it represents to understand. Finally, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the above description, in addition to those shown and described herein, and are also within the scope of the appended claims.

sequence Listing

Claims (30)

Isolated nucleic acid which: (i) for a polypeptide having the in 2 shown amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of the amino acids of 1, 2 or X to 246, wherein X ranges from 18 to 28, encodes; (ii) for a polypeptide having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to that in 2 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of the amino acids of 1 or X to 246, wherein X ranges from 18 to 28, in which the polypeptide is capable of inducing either redifferentiation of chondrocytes or the uptake of glucose or to modulate free fatty acid (FFA) by skeletal muscle cells; (iii) the in 1 shown nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1); (iv) the in 1 shown nucleic acid sequence of the full-length coding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1); (v) the full-length coding sequence of the insert (DNA44686-1653) contained in ATCC 203581; (vi) has at least 80% nucleic acid sequence identity with the nucleic acid of (iii), (iv) or (v) and encodes a polypeptide capable of inducing either redifferentiation of chondrocytes or uptake of glucose or FFA by skeletal muscle cells to modulate; or (vii) under stringent hybridization and wash conditions to the complement of nucleic acid between nucleotides 77 or 143 and 814 (inclusive) 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and encodes a polypeptide capable of either inducing redifferentiation of chondrocytes or modulating the uptake of glucose or FFA by skeletal muscle cells, wherein the sequence identity is determined using the computer program ALIGN-2 is determined. nucleic acid according to claim 1, wherein X is 23. nucleic acid according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the degree of identity is 85% is. nucleic acid according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the degree of identity is 90% is. nucleic acid according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the degree of identity is 95% is. nucleic acid according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the degree of identity is 99% is. Vector containing the nucleic acid according to one of claims 1 to 6 includes. Vector according to claim 7, operable on control sequences bound by a host cell transformed with the vector be recognized. A host cell comprising the vector of claim 7 or claim 8 includes. The host cell of claim 9, which is a CHO cell. The host cell of claim 9, which is an E. coli cell is. The host cell of claim 9, which is a yeast cell. A process for producing a polypeptide comprising cultivating the host cell according to any one of claims 9 to 12 under conditions conducive to the expression of this polypeptide and suitable for obtaining this polypeptide from the cell culture. Isolated polypeptide comprising (i) the in 2 shown amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of the amino acids of 1, 2 or X to 246, wherein X ranges from 18 to 28; (ii) at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to that in 2 shown amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO. 2) the amino acids of 1 or X to 246, wherein X ranges from 18 to 28, wherein the polypeptide is capable of either inducing redifferentiation of chondrocytes or modulating the uptake of glucose or FFA by skeletal muscle cells; (iii) has the amino acid sequence encoded by the full-length coding sequence of the insert (DNA44686-1653) contained in ATCC 203581; or (iv) has at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of (iii), wherein the polypeptide is capable of either inducing redifferentiation of chondrocytes or modulating the uptake of glucose or FFA by skeletal muscle cells, wherein the sequence identity is determined using the computer program ALIGN-2 is determined. The polypeptide of claim 14, wherein X is 23. A polypeptide according to claim 14 or claim i5 wherein the degree of identity 85%. A polypeptide according to claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the degree of identity 90%. A polypeptide according to claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the degree of identity 95%. A polypeptide according to claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the degree of identity 99%. chimeric Molecule, comprising a polypeptide according to any one of claims 14 to 19, attached to a heterologous amino acid sequence is merged. chimeric molecule according to claim 20, wherein the heterologous amino acid sequence is an epitope tag sequence is. chimeric molecule according to claim 20, wherein the heterologous amino acid sequence is an Fc region of an immunoglobulin is. Antibody, which is specific to a polypeptide according to any one of claims 14 to 19 binds. antibody according to claim 23, which is specific to a polypeptide according to claim 14, part (i) or part (iii), or claim 15, depending on of claim 14, part (i) binds. antibody according to claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a humanized antibody or a single chain antibody is. A polypeptide according to any one of claims 14 to 19 for use in a treatment procedure. A polypeptide according to claim 26 for use in the Treatment of bone and / or cartilage disorders or for use in the modulation of glucose or FFA uptake by skeletal muscle cells. A polypeptide according to claim 27 for use in the Treatment of sports injuries, arthritis, diabetes or hyper- or hypoinsulinemia. Use of a polypeptide according to any one of claims 14 to 19 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of bone and / or cartilage diseases or for the modulation of glucose or FFA uptake by skeletal muscle cells. Use of a polypeptide according to any one of claims 14 to 19 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of sports injuries, Arthritis, diabetes or hyper- or hypoinsulinemia.