DE587211C - Arrangement for supplying commutatorless machines by means of grid-controlled discharge vessels from an alternating current network - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON OCTOBER 31, 1933

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 21 d ² GROUP

A 643x3 VIIIb ^ icP

General Electricity Society in Berlin *)

Patented in the German Empire on December 3, 1931

There are already various arrangements for feeding commutatorless machines been proposed that from an alternating current network via grid-controlled discharge vessels are preferably fed with steam or gas filling. These arrangements generally have the disadvantage that the discharge vessels and the individual partial windings the machine are badly exploited. The present invention aims to improve utilization the discharge vessels and the partial windings of the machine. According to the invention are the individual partial windings of the controlled corn machine feeding discharge vessels and discharge circuits chained together according to the series connection principle. Through this On the one hand, several discharge vessels work in parallel, and thus also. A better utilization of the motor windings is achieved, on the other hand also a relief 'the commutation process, d. H. the transition of the discharge from a discharge path on another, so that special commutation chokes or transformers are no longer required are.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which particular emphasis is placed on the use a single multi-anode discharge vessel, "for example a normal iron rectifier, is laid. Figs. 2 and 3 show arrangements with single-anodic vessels. Another simplification and cheaper the transformer 10 is finally indicated in the last two figures 4 and 5.

In Fig. Ι there are 10 three single-phase transformers, whose primary windings 1, 2 and 3 are connected in series and fed by the alternating current network. Each transformer core also carries two secondary windings 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8, 9, each with a special center tap are executed. The ends of the secondary windings lead to the anodes 11 ... 22 'of the common rectifier vessel 23. The motor is designated by 30, which consists of the field winding 31 and the armature 32 exists. It is assumed that the field winding revolves, which is why its current is fed via slip rings. The armature consists of the six windings 24 ... 29, three of which always carry electricity. Each armature winding only works during half a revolution of the motor (or in the case of a multi-pole arrangement during a motor half-wave). Accordingly leads

*) Your patent seeker stated as the inventor:

Max Stöhr in Berlin-Tegel.

also only one secondary winding of each single-phase transformer.

The operation of the circuit is as follows: It is assumed that in the considered Momentarily the transformer windings 5, 6 and 8 and accordingly the motor windings 25, 26 and 28 are released for current conduction by the to the anodes 13 or 14, 15 or 16 and 19 or 20 associated grids a positive potential is imposed. For the size of the stream it is decisive that the sum of the counter-voltages of 25, 26 and 28 according to the losses by a certain amount is less than the mains voltage fed to the primary windings 1, 2 and 3 together. The motor counter voltage is in turn essentially dependent on the Speed and the field generated by 31, which in the present case is the series connection is generated by the motor current itself. She is also eligible in each of the three coming windings 25, 26 and 28 different, depending on their position opposite the Poles. It follows from this, however, that the voltage on the transformer primary and secondary windings are also different is. The mains voltage is therefore not evenly distributed between windings 1, 2 and 3, as is the case when the transformers are idle, but the voltage component changes each winding with the motor position. For example, if the winding 25 is in the neutral zone in which its counter voltage is zero, the voltage component of winding 1 or 5 is also zero, and the entire line voltage is taken over by the other two transformers. The first transformer is short-circuited on the secondary 4.0, and it can change accordingly do not form any magnetic flux in it.

The series connection of the primary windings ι to 3 also ensures that the currents in the working windings of the motor, eg 25, 26 and 28, are the same despite the different counter voltages, otherwise the ampere turn equilibrium of the transformers would be disturbed.

The commutation process that starts with the discharge vessels. Position of the commutator should be taken over, is structured as follows: Just before, for example, the Winding 25 reaches its neutral position, the anodes 11 and 12, which were previously blocked, are kept have been released and send one Current through armature winding 24 in the opposite direction as the current through 25. While the current increases in 4 and 24, it must decrease in 5 and 25 as the sum the currents of 4 and 5 must be the same as the current flowing in def winding 1. the Grids of the anodes 13 and 14 are made negative so that the current of the winding 25 remains blocked as soon as it has become zero as a result of the magnetic concatenation of 4 and S. is. As with inverter circuits, it is important to ensure that the commutation process is completed before the winding in question completely reaches the neutral position has reached, since otherwise it is no longer possible to erase the anodes 13 and 14. After the current has been commutated from 25 to 24, the windings 24, 26 work and 28, until the next winding, e.g. B. 26, near her neutral zone and the current is commutated from 26 to 27. So repeated the game in the cycle of the engine speed, and it is readily apparent that it It is irrelevant whether the motor in relation to the frequency of the feeding alternating current is operated under or oversynchronously.

In Fig. 2 is essentially the same 85 ' Arrangement shown, with the difference that single-anode vessels are now used, of which two each, 11 and 13, 12 and 14, 15 and 17 etc., to a group with common cathode to be joined together go. Also, the anodes of the tubes are 11 and 12 and 13 and 14 and 15, respectively and 16 etc. are connected to each other, making it possible to use one of the two secondary windings to save every transformer and in this way to achieve better utilization. The way it works is by the way same as in Fig. 1, and the motor also has the same number of windings, from which again three conduct electricity at the same time. While in Fig. 1 a common cathode potential is present, the center taps of the windings 4, 6 and 8 have the same potential in the arrangement according to Fig. 2. The commutation takes place again from one motor winding to the 180 electrical degrees shifted, i.e. from 24 to 25 or 26 to 27 or 28 to 29, and vice versa.

Another simplification is shown in Fig. 3, in which the tubes are parallel in opposite directions are switched. There is a group of tubes connected in parallel in opposite directions, so e.g. 11, 12 or 15, 16 or 19.20, released, while the other vessels are blocked. At the start of commutation, groups 13, 14, for example, then become conductive made while group 11, 12 a negative Grid potential is pressed. The current of the iao, which has previously flowed through 11 or 12 Motor winding 24 immediately reverses its direction and flows through 14 or 13, while

rend at the same time 11 or 12 deleted and both, 11 and 12, by a negative grid potential be kept locked. Thus, current flows continuously in the winding 24, while this continues with the arrangements Fig. Ι and 2 was the case only during a half-wave. The same goes for the windings 26 and 28. The engine is thus much better utilized than in the earlier ones Examples. In addition, the transformers each have only one secondary winding as in Fig. 2. On the other hand, field 31 must now either be immediate or, as drawn, can be connected to the feed line via a current transformer 33. Motor and field windings are no longer rectified as in Fig. 1 and 2 Current, but alternating current with an approximately sinusoidal waveform.

The three single-phase transformers can expediently form a common transformer be united by magnetically chaining them together in a suitable manner. Figures 4 and 5 show for example Arrangements through which a better material clearance is achieved than with three individual transformers.

The circuits discussed so far are described in more detail for single-phase supply but they can also be used analogously for three-phase current. In addition, it is basically irrelevant whether the Motor intended for series or shunt behavior or a combination of both will.

By connecting the number of phases corresponding to the number of phases of the motor in series Primary windings it has thus become possible to equip the supply transformer with the necessary equipment for commutation (the commutation transformer) and thereby a significant material saving to achieve, which has a favorable effect both in terms of price and in terms of weight and space requirements, which is particularly is of great importance on vehicles.

Claims (9)

Patent claims: i. Arrangement for supplying commutatorless machines by means of grid-controlled Discharge vessels, preferably filled with steam or gas, from an alternating current network, characterized in that that the individual partial windings of the controlled machines feed and contain the discharge vessels are chained together according to the series connection principle. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by 'leash' the number of phases of the motor corresponding number of individual transformers, their primary windings are all connected in series, while the independent secondary windings - via discharge vessels feed the various motor windings. 3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the or the the transformers feeding the discharge vessels have two or two secondary windings each have which supply alternating motor currents and which are inductively linked to one another. 4. Arrangement according to claim 1 or the following, characterized by the use a multi-anode discharge vessel with a cathode. 5. Arrangement according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that two single-anode discharge vessels in the same direction at each free end of a transformer phase winding are connected and feed two motor windings offset by 180 °. 6. Arrangement according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that Groups of two discharge vessels connected in opposite directions in parallel between each each free end of a transformer phase winding and the corresponding motor windings are connected. 7. Arrangement according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that the excitation winding (31) of the motor from all discharge currents in the same Direction is flowed through. 8. Arrangement according to claim 1 or the following, in particular to achieve one Series connection behavior, characterized in that the excitation winding (31) receives a voltage component that is derived from the alternating current drawn from the primary network! depends (Fig. 3). 9. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the individual transformers are arranged on a common core. 1 sheet of drawings