DE454764C - Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar - Google Patents

Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar

Info

Publication number
DE454764C
DE454764C DEZ12545D DEZ0012545D DE454764C DE 454764 C DE454764 C DE 454764C DE Z12545 D DEZ12545 D DE Z12545D DE Z0012545 D DEZ0012545 D DE Z0012545D DE 454764 C DE454764 C DE 454764C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
tar
production
primeval
light oils
thermal splitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEZ12545D
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZECHE MATHIAS STINNES
Original Assignee
ZECHE MATHIAS STINNES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZECHE MATHIAS STINNES filed Critical ZECHE MATHIAS STINNES
Priority to DEZ12545D priority Critical patent/DE454764C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE454764C publication Critical patent/DE454764C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/32Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions in the presence of hydrogen-generating compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10CWORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C1/00Working-up tar
    • C10C1/20Refining by chemical means inorganic or organic compounds

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtölen durch Wärmespaltung von Urteer. Die pyrogenen Zersetzungsdestillationen haben meist den großen Nachteil, daß bei den hohen Temperaturen ein sehr erheblicher Teil der angewandten Materialien, z. B. Teeröle, durch unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen völlig zerstört oder in wertlose Produkte umgewandelt wird. Dies gilt besonders für die Bestandteile des Steinkohlenschwelteers. Diese sind, außer einem gewissen Prozentsatz an sogenannten Phenolen, Körper meist ungesättigter Natur und neigen stark zu Polymerisationsreaktionen.Process for the production of light oils by heat splitting of primeval tar. The pyrogenic decomposition distillations usually have the major disadvantage that at the high temperatures a very significant part of the materials used, e.g. B. tar oils, completely destroyed by undesirable side reactions or in worthless Products is converted. This is especially true for the components of the black coal tar. Apart from a certain percentage of so-called phenols, these are mostly the body unsaturated nature and have a strong tendency to polymerisation reactions.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die mit den hohen Temperaturen notwendigerweise verbundenen Zerstörungsreaktionen fast ganz behoben oder auf ein wirtschaftlich erträgliches Maß reduziert werden können, wenn man die heißen, urteerhaltigen Gase direkt, wie sie aus der Destillationsanlage kommen, gleichzeitig mit überhitztem Wasserdampf über erhitzte poröse Massen, z. B. Schwelkoks, bei Temperaturen, die über dem Taupunkt des Teeres liegen, leitet. Kennzeichnend für das neue Verfahren ist es aber, daß nur solche Temperaturen angewendet werden, die für eine völlige Aufspaltung als unzureichend erkannt «-orden sind. Es ist nach G 1 u u d , »Die Tieftemperaturverkokung der Steinkohle«, Halle i g i g, S. 51 ff., bekannt, daß die als Schmieröle verwendbaren Bestandteile des Urteeres bei der Destillation im Vakuum oder mit überhitztem Wasserdampf oder einer Kombination beider mehr geschont werden als beim Abtreiben des Urteers über freiem Feuer. In der angezogenen Literaturstelle ist von einer spezifischen Wirkung des Wasserdampfes nicht die Rede - durch Herabsetzung der Tension des zu destillierenden Materials wird ja dasselbe erreicht wie im Vakuum -, auch handelt es sich dort nur um die üblichen Destillationstemperaturen des Urteers. Im Gegensatz dazu benutzt man bei dem Verfahren gemäß vorliegender Erfindung den Wasserdampf nicht zur Erzeugung eines Vakuums - dazu wäre vollständige Sättigung mit Wasserdampf Vorbedingung, und wären demgemäß erhebliche Mengen davon anzuwenden -, sondern nur zu dem Zwecke, um mit seiner Hilfe die Urteerdämpfe gleichmäßig zu transportieren und eine sonst kaum zu vermeidende Überhitzung in der Apparatur zu verhindern, womit der Prozeß völlig regelbar gestaltet wird. Durch Abspaltung von Seitenketten entstehen nebenher auch wertvolle Gase, wie Äthylen, Propylen, Butylen und Butadien. Bei dem neuen Verfahren wird nur ein relativ kleiner Anteil aufgespalten, weil erkannt worden ist, daß durch die vollkommene Verkrackung bei höheren Temperaturen und ohne Anwendung von Wasserdampf die pyrogene Aufspaltung mehr den Charakter einer zweiten Verkokung annimmt, also durch zu weitgehende Reaktion die etwas größere Leichtölausbeute durch völlige .Zerstörung eines großen Teiles des Ausgangsstoffes mehr als aufgewogen wird.It has now been found that those with the high temperatures necessarily associated destructive reactions almost entirely eliminated or on an economical basis Tolerable levels can be reduced if you use the hot, urteerhaltigen gases directly as they come out of the distillation plant, at the same time as superheated Steam over heated porous masses, e.g. B. Smoldering coke, at temperatures that lie above the dew point of the tar, conducts. Characteristic of the new process it is, however, that only such temperatures are used that are necessary for a complete Splitting are recognized as insufficient «order. It is according to G 1 u u d, »Die Low-temperature coking of hard coal ", Hall i g i g, p. 51 ff., Known that the constituents of the primordial tar that can be used as lubricating oils during distillation in the Vacuum or with superheated steam or a combination of both more spared than when driving the primordial tar over open fire. In the cited reference there is no mention of a specific effect of water vapor - by reducing it the tension of the material to be distilled is the same as in a vacuum -, there are also only the usual distillation temperatures of the primordial tar. In contrast, the method according to the present invention uses the Water vapor does not create a vacuum - that would be complete saturation with water vapor is a precondition, and accordingly considerable amounts of it would have to be used - but only for the purpose of uniformly distributing the primordial tar vapors with its help transport and an otherwise unavoidable overheating in the apparatus prevent, which makes the process fully controllable. By splitting off from Side chains also produce valuable gases such as ethylene, propylene and butylene and butadiene. With the new process, only a relatively small proportion is split up, because it has been recognized that by the complete cracking at higher temperatures and without the use of water vapor the pyrogenic decomposition more the character of a second coking, so by too extensive a reaction the slightly higher light oil yield due to complete destruction of a large part of the Starting material more than is weighed.

Außer Halbkoks, der der Billigkeit halber vorgezogen wurde, können auch andere, möglichst porose Massen verwendet werden. Gleichzeitig kann man auch indifferente oder andere Gase mit hindurchleiten, die reaktionsbefördernd wirken können, wie z. B. Wasserstoff.Except semi-coke, which was preferred for the sake of cheapness, can other, as porous as possible, materials can also be used. At the same time you can too Pass indifferent or other gases through, which have a reaction-promoting effect can, such as B. hydrogen.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtölen durch Wärmespaltung von Urteer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die heißen, bei der Destillation der Kohle entstehenden, urteerhaltigen Gase kurz nach ihrem Austritt aus dem Ofen, bei über dem Taupunkt des Teeres liegenden Temperaturen gleichzeitig mit überhitztem Wasserdampf über erhitzte poröse Massen, z. B. Schwellooks, geleitet werden.PATENT CLAIM: Process for the production of light oils by heat splitting von Urteer, characterized in that the hot, in the distillation of the coal resulting, urte-containing gases shortly after their exit from the furnace, at over temperatures lying around the dew point of the tar at the same time as superheated water vapor over heated porous masses, e.g. B. Schwellooks are directed.
DEZ12545D 1921-08-12 1921-08-12 Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar Expired DE454764C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEZ12545D DE454764C (en) 1921-08-12 1921-08-12 Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEZ12545D DE454764C (en) 1921-08-12 1921-08-12 Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE454764C true DE454764C (en) 1928-01-16

Family

ID=7622605

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEZ12545D Expired DE454764C (en) 1921-08-12 1921-08-12 Process for the production of light oils by thermal splitting of primeval tar

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE454764C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE752405C (en) * 1940-11-07 1953-11-23 Julius Pintsch K G Process for smoldering bituminous material and heat treatment room for the smoldering gases

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE752405C (en) * 1940-11-07 1953-11-23 Julius Pintsch K G Process for smoldering bituminous material and heat treatment room for the smoldering gases

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