DE4415078C1 - Adaptive alignment system for array antenna - Google Patents

Adaptive alignment system for array antenna

Info

Publication number
DE4415078C1
DE4415078C1 DE19944415078 DE4415078A DE4415078C1 DE 4415078 C1 DE4415078 C1 DE 4415078C1 DE 19944415078 DE19944415078 DE 19944415078 DE 4415078 A DE4415078 A DE 4415078A DE 4415078 C1 DE4415078 C1 DE 4415078C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
antenna
signal
exciters
array antenna
weighting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE19944415078
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Uwe Rosenberg
Harald Dr Ansorge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH filed Critical ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
Priority to DE19944415078 priority Critical patent/DE4415078C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4415078C1 publication Critical patent/DE4415078C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G01S3/32—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference
    • G01S3/325—Automatic tracking systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/38—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an antenna or an antenna system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that antenna or antenna system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal
    • G01S3/40—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristic of an antenna or an antenna system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that antenna or antenna system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal adjusting orientation of a single directivity characteristic to produce maximum or minimum signal, e.g. rotatable loop antenna or equivalent goniometer system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The system uses an array antenna with at least two separate exciters (e.g. E1, E2). A first device (LT) forms a sum and a difference signal from the exciter signals. A second device (R) adjusts the relative weighting of the power of the exciter signals to minimise the difference signals. This ensures that the direction of radiation is aligned with the preset target. The first device (LT) may take the form of a variable power splitter.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Schwenken des Richtdiagramms einer mindestens zwei Erreger aufweisenden Antenne durch variable Gewichtung der Signalleistungen der einzelnen Erreger.The present invention relates to an arrangement for Panning the directional diagram of at least two pathogens having antenna by variable weighting of the Signal powers of the individual pathogens.

Eine derartige Anordnung ist aus der DE 42 05 500 A1 bekannt. Hierbei wird durch zyklisches Abtasten von mindestens zwei symmetrisch im Abstand zur Antennenreflektorachse angeordneten Erregern das Richtdiagramm ausgelenkt. Und zwar werden die Erreger-Signalleistungen so gewichtet, daß der relative Abstand des gegenüber der Reflektorachse zeitlich versetzten Phasenzentrums in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz konstant bleibt.Such an arrangement is known from DE 42 05 500 A1 known. This is done by cyclically scanning at least two symmetrical to the distance Antenna reflector axis arranged the exciters Directional diagram deflected. And they are Exciter signal powers weighted so that the relative Distance of the time offset from the reflector axis Phase center constant depending on the frequency remains.

Der EP 0 193 667 ist eine adaptiv steuerbare Mehrerreger-Antenne zu entnehmen, bei der aus den Erregersignalen ein Summen- und ein Differenzsignal gebildet wird. Ausschließlich das Differenzsignal wird einer komplexen Wichtung unterzogen. Ziel ist es, die Wichtung so zu steuern, daß das Antennendiagramm in Richtung eines einfallenden Störsignals eine Ausblendung aufweist.EP 0 193 667 is an adaptively controllable Multi-exciter antenna can be seen in which from the Excitation signals a sum and a difference signal formed becomes. Only the difference signal becomes one complex weighting. The goal is to do the weighting like this to control that the antenna pattern towards a incident interference signal has a suppression.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die mit einfachen Mitteln eine adaptive Ausrichtung des Antennendiagramms auf ein festes Ziel ermöglicht, während die Antenne Lageschwankungen unterworfen ist. The invention has for its object an arrangement of Specify the type mentioned, with simple means an adaptive alignment of the antenna pattern Fixed target allows the antenna to fluctuate in position is subject.  

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Eine zweckmäßige Ausbildung und ein vorteilhafter Verwendungszweck der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.According to the invention, this object is achieved through the features of Claim 1 solved. Appropriate training and a advantageous use of the invention go from the Sub-claims emerge.

Damit auf Masten oder Türmen montierte Richtfunkantennen bei Windlast nicht zu starken Schwankungen ausgesetzt sind, welche zu erheblicher Dämpfung einer Richtfunkverbindung beitragen können, müßten die Masten oder Türme entsprechend stabil ausgelegt sein. Auf kostenintensive Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen der Masten oder Türme kann bei Einsatz der Erfindung verzichtet werden. Die Erfindung hat außerdem den Vorteil, daß keine mechanische Nachführeinrichtung für den Antennenreflektor oder das Erregersystem erforderlich ist, weil die Strahlausrichtung elektronisch erfolgt.Directional radio antennas mounted on masts or towers Wind load are not subject to strong fluctuations, which leads to considerable attenuation of a radio link  the masts or towers would have to contribute accordingly be designed to be stable. On expensive ones Stabilization measures of the masts or towers can be used Use of the invention can be dispensed with. The invention has also the advantage that no mechanical Tracking device for the antenna reflector or that Excitation system is required because of the beam alignment done electronically.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher erläutert.Using one shown in the drawing The invention is described in more detail below explained.

In der Zeichnung ist das Blockschaltbild einer elektronischen Antennennachführeinrichtung dargestellt, die bei Bewegungen der Antenne das Richtdiagramm adaptiv so schwenkt, daß es stets auf das gleiche Ziel ausgerichtet bleibt. Das Ziel kann z. B. eine andere Antenne einer Richtfunkstrecke sein.In the drawing, the block diagram is one electronic antenna tracking device shown, the if the antenna moves, the directional diagram is adaptive swings that it is always aimed at the same goal remains. The target can e.g. B. another antenna Radio link.

Die Antenne A, welche beispielsweise einen parabolförmigen Haupt- und einen Subreflektor aufweist, ist mit mehreren Erregern, im Ausführungsbeispiel mit zwei Erregern E1 und E2, ausgestattet. Ein variabler Leistungsteiler LT verknüpft die Signale der Erreger E1 und E2 sowohl zu einem Summensignal Σ als auch zu einem Differenzsignal Δ. Wenn das Richtdiagramm der Antenne A exakt auf das vorgegebene Ziel ausgerichtet ist, sind die Signalleistungen aller Erreger E1, E2 gleich groß. In diesem Fall wird das vom Leistungsteiler gebildete Differenzsignal Δ zu Null und das Summensignal Σ nimmt einen Maximalwert an. Bei einem Ausrichtfehler des Strahlungsdiagramms ist die Aufteilung der Signalleistungen auf die Erreger E1, E2 nicht mehr gleichmäßig, so daß der Leistungsteiler LT ein von Null abweichendes Differenzsignal Δ erzeugt. The antenna A, which is, for example, a parabolic Main and one sub-reflector is with several Exciters, in the exemplary embodiment with two exciters E1 and E2. A variable power divider LT linked the signals from exciters E1 and E2 both to one Sum signal Σ as well as a difference signal Δ. If the directional diagram of antenna A exactly to the given one The goal is aimed at signaling everyone Exciter E1, E2 of the same size. In this case it will be from Power divider formed differential signal Δ to zero and that Sum signal Σ takes a maximum value. At a Alignment error of the radiation diagram is the division the signal powers on the exciters E1, E2 no longer evenly, so that the power divider LT one from zero deviating difference signal Δ generated.  

Das Differenzsignal Δ wird einer Regeleinrichtung R zugeführt, welche in dem variablen Leistungsteiler LT die Signalleistungen der einzelnen Erreger E1, E2 so gewichtet, daß das Differenzsignal Δ zu Null bzw. minimal wird. Eine Verschiebung der Erreger-Signalleistungen bewirkt eine Verschiebung des gemeinsamen Phasenzentrums in der Brennebene der Antenne, was eine Schwenkung des Strahlungsdiagramms zur Folge hat.The difference signal Δ is a control device R supplied, which in the variable power divider LT Weighted signal powers of the individual exciters E1, E2 so that the difference signal Δ becomes zero or minimal. A Shifting the excitation signal powers causes a Shift of the common phase center in the Focal plane of the antenna, which is a tilt of the Radiation diagram.

Die Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem auch das Summensignal Σ der Regeleinrichtung R zugeführt ist. Durch Hinzuziehen des Summensignals Σ bei dem Regelvorgang können Pegelschwankungen eliminiert werden, so daß das Regelverhalten stabiler wird. Z.B. durch Quotientenbildung des Summen-Σ und des Differenzsignals Δ lassen sich Pegelschwankungen eliminieren.The figure shows an embodiment in which also Sum signal Σ of the control device R is supplied. By Can use the sum signal Σ in the control process Level fluctuations are eliminated, so that Control behavior becomes more stable. E.g. through quotient formation the sum-and the difference signal Δ can be Eliminate level fluctuations.

Die beschriebene Anordnung kompensiert nicht nur Ausrichtfehler des Strahlungsdiagramms, welche auf eine Lageveränderung der Antenne zurückzuführen sind, sondern auch Veränderungen des Strahlungsdiagramms, die z. B. durch Reif- oder Eisbelag auf der Antenne verursacht werden.The arrangement described does not only compensate Alignment error of the radiation diagram, which points to a Change in position of the antenna are due, but also changes in the radiation diagram, the z. B. by Frost or ice on the antenna.

Claims (3)

1. Anordnung zum Schwenken des Richtdiagramms einer mindestens zwei Erreger aufweisenden Antenne durch variable Gewichtung der Signalleistungen der einzelnen Erreger, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Einrichtung (LT) vorhanden ist, welche aus den Erreger-Signalen mindestens ein Summen-(Σ) und mindestens ein Differenzsignal (Δ) bildet und daß eine zweite Einrichtung vorgesehen ist, welche die Gewichtung der Erreger-Signalleistungen so regelt, daß das Differenzsignal (Δ) minimal wird.1. Arrangement for pivoting the directional diagram of an antenna having at least two exciters by variable weighting of the signal powers of the individual exciters, characterized in that a first device (LT) is present, which from the exciter signals at least one sum (Σ) and at least forms a difference signal (Δ) and that a second device is provided which controls the weighting of the excitation signal powers so that the difference signal (Δ) becomes minimal. 2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gewichtung der Erreger-Signalleistungen durch einen variablen Leistungsteiler (LT) erfolgt.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighting of the exciter signal powers by one variable power divider (LT). 3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie dazu verwendet wird, um das Richtdiagramm einer nicht lagestabilen Antenne auf ein festes Ziel auszurichten.3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that It is not used to make the directional diagram align stable antenna to a fixed target.
DE19944415078 1994-04-29 1994-04-29 Adaptive alignment system for array antenna Expired - Fee Related DE4415078C1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944415078 DE4415078C1 (en) 1994-04-29 1994-04-29 Adaptive alignment system for array antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944415078 DE4415078C1 (en) 1994-04-29 1994-04-29 Adaptive alignment system for array antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE4415078C1 true DE4415078C1 (en) 1995-09-07

Family

ID=6516830

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19944415078 Expired - Fee Related DE4415078C1 (en) 1994-04-29 1994-04-29 Adaptive alignment system for array antenna

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4415078C1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0193667A1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-09-10 Hazeltine Corporation Adaptive array having an auxiliary channel notched pattern in the steered beam direction
DE4205500A1 (en) * 1992-02-22 1993-08-26 Rohde & Schwarz Transmitter tracking system for reflector antenna - uses cyclic sampling of energisers offset symmetrically from reflector axis for deflection of reception cone with weighting to compensate frequency

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0193667A1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-09-10 Hazeltine Corporation Adaptive array having an auxiliary channel notched pattern in the steered beam direction
DE4205500A1 (en) * 1992-02-22 1993-08-26 Rohde & Schwarz Transmitter tracking system for reflector antenna - uses cyclic sampling of energisers offset symmetrically from reflector axis for deflection of reception cone with weighting to compensate frequency

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Microwave Scanning Antennas, herausgeg. von R.C. HANSEN, Vol.I 1964, Academic Press, New York and London, S.160-179 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102006039357B4 (en) Antenna diversity system for radio reception for vehicles
DE69725083T2 (en) Adaptive antenna
DE69630627T2 (en) Multiple loop antenna
EP1798870B1 (en) Reception installation with phase alignment of antenna signals
DE809568C (en) Device for scanning a predetermined space with a character beam
EP2965382B1 (en) Antenna arrangement with variable direction characteristic
DE68907998T2 (en) System for correcting the course of a rotating projectile.
DE69625949T2 (en) Group antenna device
DE102018002661A1 (en) Antenna device for bidirectional communication on vehicles
EP1341260A1 (en) Antenna for receiving satellite and/or terrestrial radio signals in cars
DE19945062A1 (en) Reflector with a shaped surface and spatially separated foci for illuminating identical areas, antenna system and method for determining the surface
DE2812575C2 (en) Phased antenna field
DE4206797B4 (en) Method for operating a radar antenna system and radar antenna system
DE4415078C1 (en) Adaptive alignment system for array antenna
DE2724198B2 (en) Method for optimizing the operating properties of a radio link
EP0578060A2 (en) Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects
DE2929254A1 (en) ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR BEARING A MICROWAVE SIGNAL SOURCE
EP0124047A2 (en) Omnidirectional reception antenna
DE3227259C2 (en) Directional radio station
DE1932028C3 (en) Radar device with directional antenna made of phase-adjustable individual radiators for the transmission of several radar signals of different frequencies
DE4026390C1 (en) Short wave direction finder - derives output signals for left and right rotating polarisation for comparison at same time from two different antennae
EP0017037A1 (en) Assembly of at least two directionally and/or omnidirectionally inclined antennas coupled to a power dividing device
DE4205500C2 (en) Device for tracking a reflector antenna on a transmitter
DE3445897C2 (en) Radar system
EP0193953A1 (en) Diversity receiving device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8100 Publication of the examined application without publication of unexamined application
D1 Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8327 Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner

Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, 70469 STUTTGART, DE

8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee