DE4414446A1 - Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances - Google Patents

Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances

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Publication number
DE4414446A1
DE4414446A1 DE19944414446 DE4414446A DE4414446A1 DE 4414446 A1 DE4414446 A1 DE 4414446A1 DE 19944414446 DE19944414446 DE 19944414446 DE 4414446 A DE4414446 A DE 4414446A DE 4414446 A1 DE4414446 A1 DE 4414446A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
pollutants
adsorbents
disposal
flammable
desorption
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19944414446
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German (de)
Inventor
Alvaro Prof Dr Affonso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AFFONSO, ALVARO, PROF. DR., 65624 ALTENDIEZ, DE
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19944414446 priority Critical patent/DE4414446A1/en
Publication of DE4414446A1 publication Critical patent/DE4414446A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3416—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids comprising free carbon, e.g. activated carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
    • B01J20/3458—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the gas phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3483—Regenerating or reactivating by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for simultaneous desorption and disposal of combustible hazardous materials, such as petrol in tank bottoms, from adsorbents, a stream of hot combustion gas is used to desorb the hazardous substance and the mixture is completely combusted in a burner. Suitable adsorbents include active charcoal, anthracite, mixtures of fired clay, soot or any form of C, together with inorganic Si cpds. with adsorption properties for the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The hot combustion gas consists of towen's gas or easily ignited hydrocarbons, e.g. propane, butane etc. A slow air stream can be used for purging after desorbing with combustible gas.

Description

Der Bodenbereich von Tankstellen ist oft mit unzulässig hohen Anteilen an Kohlenwasserstoffen kontaminiert. Konzentrationswerte bis zu 300 000 mg/m3 sind durchaus vorzufinden. Treibstoffe wie Dieselkraftstoff enthalten bis zu 5% der als kanzerogen bekannten Substanz Benzol. Benzol enthaltende Additive werden auch in bleifreien Benzinsorten zur Verhinderung des Motorventilklopfens zugesetzt. Außerdem können hohe Benzinkonzentrationen der Bodenluft dazu führen, daß das Gasgemisch die untere Explosionsgrenze deutlich überschreitet. Weltweit wird die Problematik der Bodensanierung im Tankstellenbereich von Jahr zu Jahr größer. Bei der Sanierung benzinkontaminierter Areale sind zwei Verfahren möglich:The floor area of petrol stations is often with impermissibly high proportions Contaminated hydrocarbons. Concentration values are up to 300,000 mg / m3 to be found. Fuels such as diesel fuel contain up to 5% of the known carcinogen substance benzene. Additives containing benzene are also used added in unleaded gasoline to prevent engine valve knocking. In addition, high gasoline concentrations in the soil air can cause the Gas mixture significantly exceeds the lower explosion limit. Worldwide The problem of soil remediation in the petrol station area is increasing from year to year. At Two methods are possible for the rehabilitation of gasoline-contaminated areas:

  • 1. Sanierung außerhalb des Ortes,1. redevelopment outside the village,
  • 2. Sanierung an Ort und Stelle.2. Refurbishment on the spot.

Beim ersten Verfahren wird Erdreich ausgekoffert und an einer anderen Stelle behandelt. Die Nachteile sind hohe Kosten, Luftkontamination während des Ausgrabens und Transportes sowie die Möglichkeit, daß nicht alle kontaminierte Bereiche erfaßt werden. Beim zweiten Verfahren sind die Kosten niedriger, aber die Tatsache, daß die meisten Tankstellen mitten in der Stadt sind, führt dazu,daß die Entsorgung ohne Luftkontamination durchgeführt werden muß. Es gibt viele Variationen von Anlagen für die Tankstellenbodensanierung. Grundsätzlich wird der brennbare Schadstoff aus dem Boden abgesaugt und durch Aktivkohlefilter geleitet. Die Bodenluft kann über mehrere Pegel nach automatischen Programmabläufen abgesaugt werden. Da mit einer Explosionsgefahr immer zu rechnen ist, wird die Sicherheitstechnik sehr aufwendig. Die Aktivkohlefilter Patrone wird gewechselt, wenn sie vollbeladen ist. Sie muß dann entsorgt werden. Der Kostenaufwand für die Entsorgung solcher Patronen ist zu hoch.In the first procedure, soil is excavated and in another place treated. The disadvantages are high costs, air contamination during the Excavation and transportation as well as the possibility that not all are contaminated Areas to be covered. In the second method, the cost is lower, but the The fact that most petrol stations are in the middle of the city means that the Disposal must be carried out without air contamination. There are many Variations of systems for refurbishing petrol stations. Basically, the flammable pollutants are sucked out of the ground and passed through activated carbon filters. The soil air can have several levels according to automatic program sequences be sucked off. Since there is always a risk of explosion, the Security technology very complex. The activated carbon filter cartridge is replaced when it is fully loaded. It must then be disposed of. The cost of the Disposal of such cartridges is too high.

Eine in-situ Desorption und gleichzeitige Entsorgung der brennbarer Schadstoffe aus vollgesättigten Adsorbentien wäre daher wünschenswert, weil es die gesamten Sanierungskosten senken würde. Auch wäre es möglich, die Adsorbentien mehrmals zu verwenden. An in-situ desorption and simultaneous disposal of the combustible pollutants fully saturated adsorbents would therefore be desirable because it is the total Would reduce renovation costs. It would also be possible to use the adsorbents several times to use.  

Es ist möglich, durch Erhitzen die Desorption von adsorbierten Kohlenwasserstoffen aus der Aktivkohle durchzuführen, aber die Desorption findet bei sehr hohen Temperaturen statt und ein Austreiben der brennbaren Schadstoffe benötigt ferner einen Luftstrom, welcher zur Explosion führen kann. Außerdem läßt er sich nicht vollständig ausbrennen.It is possible to heat the desorption of adsorbed hydrocarbons to carry out from the activated carbon, but the desorption takes place at very high Temperatures take place and an expulsion of the combustible pollutants also requires an air flow that can cause an explosion. Besides, he doesn't let himself go burn out completely.

Der in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine sichere Desorption und eine problemlose vollständige Verbrennung der Schadstoffe bei weitgehend niedrigen Temperaturen zu garantieren. Außerdem bleibt das Adsorbens aktiv und wird völlig regeneriert. Der Grund warum diese vorteilhaften Resultate erzielt worden sind, liegt am komplizierten Mechanismus der Adsorption. Die klassische Arbeit von Freundlich und Langmuir deutet an, daß die kleinen Moleküle stärker an Aktivkohle gebunden sind und daher in der Lage sind bei einer thermische Desorption größere Moleküle zu verdrängen. Es ist durchaus möglich, daß die adsorbierten Anteile aus Benzin und Diesel schnell desorbiert werden durch die in Anspruch 3 erwähnten Brenngase, welche kleine Moleküle (Kohlenwasserstoffe) enthalten. Ferner wird die Befreiung von adsorbiertem Brenngas aus dem Adsorbens durch eine langsame Luftströmung schnell und problemlos gemacht. Fig. 1 zeigt eine vereinfachte Laborversuchsanordnung:The object of the invention specified in claim 1 is to guarantee safe desorption and problem-free complete combustion of the pollutants at largely low temperatures. In addition, the adsorbent remains active and is completely regenerated. The reason why these advantageous results have been achieved is due to the complicated mechanism of the adsorption. The classic work by Freundlich and Langmuir suggests that the small molecules are more strongly bound to activated carbon and are therefore able to displace larger molecules during thermal desorption. It is quite possible that the adsorbed parts from gasoline and diesel are quickly desorbed by the fuel gases mentioned in claim 3, which contain small molecules (hydrocarbons). Furthermore, the release of adsorbed fuel gas from the adsorbent is done quickly and easily by a slow air flow. Fig. 1 shows a simplified laboratory test arrangement:

  • A ist die elektronische Reglereinheit zum Steuern von Ventilen und Sensoren.A is the electronic controller unit for controlling valves and sensors.
  • B ist eine vollbeladene Aktivkohlepatrone nach der Bodenluftreinigung in Tankstellen.B is a fully loaded activated carbon cartridge after cleaning the floor air in petrol stations.
  • C ist eine beheizte Ummantelung, gesteuert durch den Sensor R.C is a heated jacket controlled by sensor R.
  • D ist ein Brenner mit Luft- und Gaszufuhrsteuerung durch die Ventile V3 und V1.D is a burner with air and gas supply control through valves V3 and V1.
  • E ist eine Propangasdruckflasche.E is a propane gas cylinder.
  • F ist ein Wärmeaustauscher.F is a heat exchanger.
WirkungsweiseMode of action

Die Desorptionstemperatur wird eingestellt durch Regler R und F. Nachdem die Patrone B die Temperatur erreicht hat, wird Propangas zugeführt und zwar in einer geregelten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (Ventile V1 und V3), damit die Flamme von Brenner D die vollständige Verbrennung anzeigt (blau detektiert durch Sensor S). Nach der vollständigen Desorption der Schadstoffe wird Ventil V1 geschlossen und Ventil V2 geöffnet, damit Luft in die Patrone strömt. Das adsorbierte Propangas wird freigesetzt und brennt in D aus. B ist damit regeneriert und kann wieder verwendet werden.The desorption temperature is set by controllers R and F. After the Cartridge B has reached the temperature, propane gas is fed in and in one regulated flow rate (valves V1 and V3) so that the flame of Burner D indicates complete combustion (detected blue by sensor S). After the complete desorption of the pollutants, valve V1 is closed and Valve V2 opened so that air flows into the cartridge. The adsorbed propane gas released and burns out in D. B is regenerated and can be used again become.

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Desorption und Entsorgung von brennbaren Schadstoffen aus Adsorbentien, gekennzeichnet durch Verwendung eines Stromes von warmen Brenngas, um die adsorbierten Schadstoffe aus geeigneten Asorbentien zu desorbieren und desweiteren die gesamte Mischung in einem Brenner vollständig zu verbrennen.1. A method for the simultaneous desorption and disposal of combustible pollutants from adsorbents, characterized by using a stream of warm fuel gas to desorb the adsorbed pollutants from suitable asorbents and furthermore to completely burn the entire mixture in a burner. 2. Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Desorption und Entsorgung von brennbaren Schadstoffen aus Adsorbentien nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geeigneten Adsorbentien aus Aktivkohle, Anthrazit, Mischungen aus gebranntem Ton, Ruß oder jeder Form der Kohlenstoffe, sowie aus anorga­ nischen Silikonverbindungen mit Adsorptionseigenschaften bei aliphatischen und aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, bestehen.2. Process for the simultaneous desorption and disposal of flammable Pollutants from adsorbents according to claim 1, characterized in that the suitable adsorbents made of activated carbon, anthracite, mixtures of fired clay, soot or any form of carbon, as well as from anorga African silicone compounds with adsorption properties for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. 3. Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Desorption und Entsorgung von brennbaren Schadstoffen aus Adsorbentien nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das warme Brenngas, welches die Adsorbentien durchströmt, aus gewöhnlichem Leuchtgas oder leicht entzündbaren Kohlenwasserstoffen wie Propan, Butan, besteht.3. Process for the simultaneous desorption and disposal of flammable Pollutants from adsorbents according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the warm fuel gas, which the adsorbents flows through, from ordinary luminous gas or easily flammable Hydrocarbons such as propane, butane. 4. Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Desorption und Entsorgung von brennbaren Schadstoffen aus Adsorbentien nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der vollständigen Desorption und Verbrennung der Schadstoffe, das Leuchtgas oder die leicht entzündbaren Kohlenwasserstoffe, welche in den Adsorbentien festgehalten sind, durch einen langsamen Luftstrom ausgetrieben und durch den nachgeschalteten Brenner völlig ausgebrannt werden. 4. Process for the simultaneous desorption and disposal of flammable Pollutants from adsorbents according to claims 1 and 2 and 3, characterized characterized in that after complete desorption and combustion of the Pollutants, the luminous gas or the highly flammable hydrocarbons, which are held in the adsorbents by a slow air flow expelled and completely burned out by the downstream burner become.   5. Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Desorption und Entsorgung von brennbaren Schadstoffen aus Adsorbentien nach Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nachgeschaltete Brenner automatisch so gesteuert wird, daß stets eine nichtleuchtende Flamme entsteht und dadurch gesichert wird, daß eine vollständige Verbrennung der Schadstoffe und des Brenngases stattfindet. Ferner wird ein Platingitter oder ein geeigneter Edelmetallkatalysator in die Flamme als zusätzliche Sicherung eingebracht, um dadurch eine Zersetzung von allen organischen Spuren zu erreichen.5. Process for the simultaneous desorption and disposal of flammable Pollutants from adsorbents according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized characterized in that the downstream burner is automatically controlled so that a non-luminous flame always arises and is ensured by the fact that a complete combustion of the pollutants and the fuel gas takes place. Furthermore, a platinum grid or a suitable noble metal catalyst is placed in the Flame introduced as an additional fuse, thereby causing a decomposition of to reach all organic traces.
DE19944414446 1994-04-26 1994-04-26 Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances Withdrawn DE4414446A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944414446 DE4414446A1 (en) 1994-04-26 1994-04-26 Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944414446 DE4414446A1 (en) 1994-04-26 1994-04-26 Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances

Publications (1)

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DE4414446A1 true DE4414446A1 (en) 1995-11-02

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DE19944414446 Withdrawn DE4414446A1 (en) 1994-04-26 1994-04-26 Simultaneous desorbing and disposal of combustible hazardous substances

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DE (1) DE4414446A1 (en)

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Owner name: AFFONSO, ALVARO, PROF. DR., 65624 ALTENDIEZ, DE

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