DE4407259C2 - Material measure and process for its production - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a material measure Steel, and a process for their manufacture. Part Lung carriers of this type are often in lengths measuring devices for machine tools or measuring machines used.

In the case of machine tools, the acreage for the Graduation carriers, the guides and drive spindles etc. mainly made of steel. With those requested today Measurement accuracy may also change temperature no measurement errors.

It is known as a material for the graduation carrier Use steel so that with temperature changes the machine tool, the graduation carrier and possibly the workpiece is actually the same thermal Learn length changes. Such a division carrier is described in DD-PS 125 868.  

A disadvantage of alloy steel graduation beams is that z. B. by grinding and polishing no high-quality surfaces. The crystal structure of the metal with its grain limits as well as the partial enrichments of Carbon makes this practically impossible. In the GB-PS 531 153 is such a benchmark from hochle described steel.

Even the conventional coating of the metallic Graduation bearer has not led to the goal. The Surface quality is improved, but under Accepting the risk that as a result of internal Tensions the layer applied to the support solves.

The publication DD-Z: "Masters, the further development Precision length measurement technology, its application in production, control and measuring room, in perspective automation efforts and the squad ge "(in: Feingerätetechnik, 12th year; Issue 5, 1963, Pages 212 to 224) concerns a detailed Essay on precision scales made of glass and me tall. DE-PS 10 93 566 is mentioned therein. over the material of the scale described there with notched cross-section will not be a concrete off say done.

In the publication DD-Z .: precision line scales (in: Feingerätetechnik, 16.Jg., Issue 8, 1967, Be th 366 to 368) are different scale cross cuts shown and there can be this document that it has long been known the division in the neutral fiber of a suitable Arrange profiling.  

The DD-PS 201 496 is technologically one fold realization of a robust measuring probe wrote.

In contrast, the object of the invention is a stable, resistant graduation carrier To create steel, which is the division supporting Area has a high surface quality.

This object is achieved by the Merk male of claim 1 solved. A is manufactured such division carrier according to that in claim 2 specified procedures.

The main advantages of the invention are in that steel is used as the division carrier that, and that at least the area for the division has properties that opti corresponding surfaces. This is made possible by using known methods of glass work, such as grinding and polishing with loose Abrasives and polishes.

The measures according to the invention can thus Highest quality surfaces can be achieved Advantages in particular for material measures light electrical length or angle measuring devices come to fruition.  

Appropriate training and procedures for manufacturing represent the measure are the subject of dependent claims.

The material measure according to the invention is based on the drawing explained in more detail.

Show it

Fig. 1 is a measuring standard in perspective view and

FIGS. 2A-D, various measurement scales in cross section.

The material measure 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 be made of steel.

This material measure 1 has a surface area 2 , on which a measuring graduation - called graduation 3 in the following - is applied.

The material measure 1 has an essentially X-shaped cross section, as is also known from the primary meter. The division surface 2 is located in the plane in which the cross-sectional center of gravity falls (see also Fig. 2A).

Other cross sections (see FIG. 2) according to 1 B, 1 C and 1 D are also possible, so that the person skilled in the art can select the most suitable embodiment for the application.

The material of the material measure is unalloyed Steel that traded under the designation C15 becomes. Its coefficient of expansion corresponds largely that of the machines on which it is used Measurement is used. Because of its procurement However, it is susceptible to corrosion.

For this reason, complete nickel plating is advantageous, but to achieve the object of the present invention, a nickel plating of the surface on which the division 3 is to be applied is sufficient.

The cross section of the material measure 1 - alternatively 1 A, 1 B, 1 C or 1 D - is created by machining such as milling or planing.

The scale profile 1 is made stress-free by multiple annealing.

The intended for receiving the division 3 upper surface 2 of the scale profile 1 is ground.

This grinding process - the first - is carried out with Mit mechanical processing, i.e. with one Grinding wheel made.

In order to optimize the usability of the material measure, the bearing surface 4 is machined exactly parallel to the graduation surface 2 after the mechanical grinding. This is done after determining the support errors by inking and then scraping. Not only unevenness but also torsion errors can be eliminated. Such errors are often only recognizable after mechanical grinding, since the Maßver body 1 is held magnetically on the bed of the grinding machine, and therefore twists cannot be taken into account, since they are only noticeable after loosening from the grinding machine.

Subsequently, the dividing surface 2 is ground with means that are used to process optical surfaces. This processing is called optical grinding and it is done with loose abrasive, the abrasive and the workpiece being moved against each other under a certain contact pressure. Usually, a special grinding machine is used for this purpose, which has an eccentrically mounted grinding body which is guided over the surface to be ground with the interposition of the loose abrasive and under pressure until the desired flatness is achieved. With the method according to the invention, a flatness of 1 μm was achieved for material measures 1 with a length of more than one meter (1200 mm).

Following this optical grinding of the upper surface 2 , which is to accommodate the measuring graduation 3 , the entire material measure 1 is nickel-plated. This happens chemically without the interposition of a copper layer, as is common with galvanic Ver nickel plating. The layer thickness is between 15 and 20 µm and the treated surface is particularly resistant to corrosion and wear, since the nickel coating has a hardness of approx. 52 HRC.

After the nickel plating, the dividing surface 2 is optically polished. This process is similar to that of optical grinding and is known as a processing method to achieve optical surfaces with a corresponding quality.

After the graduation area 2 meets optical quality requirements with regard to flatness and surface quality, the measurement graduation is applied.

This is preferably done photolithographically, can but also by chemical etching or mechani creasing or tearing processes directly on a part machine done.

A measuring body 1 produced according to this method has all the criteria that are placed on a benchmark for reference systems on part or measuring machines.

Claims (11)

1. material measure, consisting of the material steel with a coating of nickel, in which we at least one surface area is formed as a division-bearing dividing surface, characterized in that the material is unalloyed steel, to which the coating of nickel is che chemically applied, and that the surface of the graduation surface ( 2 ) has the quality of a surface with means for machining optical surfaces. 2. A process for producing a material measure according to claim 1, characterized by the following process steps:

• a) a profile ( 1 A, 1 B, 1 C, 1 D) with the cross section of the material measure ( 1 ) is made from an unalloyed steel;
• b) the profile ( 1 A, 1 B, 1 C, 1 D) of the Maßver body ( 1 ) is made stress-free by heat treatment;
• c) the surface ( 2 ) provided for receiving the division ( 3 ) is ground flat;
• d) the surface ( 2 ) provided for receiving the division ( 3 ) is ground with means for processing optical surfaces;
• e) the material measure ( 1 ) is provided with a nickel coating at least on the surface ( 2 ) provided for receiving the graduation ( 3 );
• f) the nickel-plated surface ( 2 ) provided for receiving the division ( 3 ) is polished with means for processing optical surfaces and
• g) the division ( 3 ) is applied to the nickel-plated and polished surface ( 2 ), so that a division surface is formed.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the production of the profile ( 1 A, 1 B, 1 C, 1 D) is carried out by machining. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in net that the absence of voltage by multiple Annealing is achieved. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the provided for receiving the division ( 3 ) provided surface ( 2 ) is ground in a conventional manner using loose grinding and polishing agents. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the nickel-plated surface ( 2 ), which is provided for receiving the division ( 3 ), is polished in a manner known per se using loose polishing agent. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the division ( 3 ) is applied photolithographically. 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the division ( 3 ) is chemically etched. 9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the division ( 3 ) is mechanically scored. 10. material measure according to claim 1, characterized in that it has bearing surfaces ( 4 ), which run parallel to the division surface ( 2 ) ver and produced by fine machining who the. 11. material measure according to claim 1, characterized in that the dividing surface ( 2 ) falls into the plane in which the cross-sectional center of gravity of the profile ( 1 A, 1 B, 1 C).