DE4344515A1 - Binders for acid-resistant, scratch-resistant coating materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Binders (I) for coating materials are obtd. by radical initiated polymerisation of (a) 99.5-70 wt.% (meth)acrylic monomer(s) and opt. (b) other comonomer(s) in the presence of (c) 0.5-30 wt.% cycloolefin homo- or co-polymer(s). Also claimed is a process for the prodn. of (I) by polymerising (a) and opt. (b) in liq. (c) or in a soln. of (c) in presence of fa radical initiator. Also claimed are coating materials (II) contg. (I), together with crosslinker(s), conventional paint additives and opt. pigments and/or fillers.

Description

The invention relates to polymers based on cycloolefinic homo- and copolymers (COC) and radically polymerizable monomers are suitable as binders for the preparation of coating compositions. Derarti Coating agents are particularly suitable for the production of scratch-resistant and acid-resistant coatings. You can use it, for example, to manufacture used by automotive paints.

In recent years, the requirements for chemicals have been met resistance, in particular sulfuric acid resistance, of automotive top coats and clearcoats significantly increased. One way of resistance to Increasing automotive paints over acids is their hydropho beer.

Attempts have been made to achieve such hydrophobization by using to achieve fluorine-containing monomers, such as in US-A 4,929,666 and US-A 5 006 624. Such paints are environmentally problematic Lich, since their disposal, e.g. B. by combustion, with the emergence of toxic fluorine compounds.

The object of the invention is to provide polymers or binders agents that are suitable for acid-resistant coatings that not cause toxicity problems and which also improves scratching have stability.

It has been shown that this problem can be solved by Providing coating agents that act as binders or binders component contain one or more reaction products by Polymerization of radically polymerizable monomers in the presence of  cycloolefinic homo- and / or copolymers (COC) can be obtained. Without to be bound by theory it is assumed that at least some of the (meth) acrylic monomers and / or other monomers on the COC is grafted.

An object of the invention therefore form suitable coating agents Binding agents which are obtainable by radical-initiated polymers rization of 99.5 to 70% by weight of one or more (meth) acrylic monomers and the like if necessary, one or more of them below different, radically polymerizable monomers, in the presence of 0.5 to 30% by weight of one or more cycloolefin homopolymers and / or Cycloolefin copolymer.

The binders thus obtained are more solvent-containing for the preparation and / or water-containing coating agents suitable for the production scratch-resistant and acid-resistant coatings are also suitable form an object of the invention.

The coating compositions of the invention can in addition to the inventive Binders one or more crosslinkers, one or more organic Solvent and / or water, as well as other paint additives and auxiliaries substances included. In addition to the binders according to the invention also contain one or more other film-forming binders which are not crosslinkers for the binders according to the invention.

The cycloolefin homopolymers and cyclools used according to the invention Fin copolymers are referred to below as COC. It is about for example known homopolymers and copolymers. Such usual COC- Resins are described, for example, in EP-A 0 407 870, EP-A 0 485 893 and EP-A 0 503 422.

Examples of such usable cycloolefin homopolymers and cycloolefin  contain copolymers

• A) 20 to 100 wt .-% based on the total mass of those used to manufacture them monomers used, at least one cycloolefin component and
• B) 0 to 80 wt .-% based on the total mass of those used to manufacture them monomers used, at least one acyclic olefin component.

You can, for example, by polymerization or copolymerization of Cycloolefin monomers with the optionally used acyclic Olefin monomers are produced. You can do this using the usual procedure ren operate as z. B. in the aforementioned EP-A publications be described. For example, they can be radical initiated polymerization or copolymerization can be obtained.

Preferred examples of cycloolefin components or monomers for them Preparations are compounds of the general formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₈ alkyl radical, the same Residues in the different formulas have different meanings can and n is a number from 2 to 10.

Compounds of the formulas I and III are particularly preferred, in particular Norbornene and tetraacyclododecene, for example by (C₁- C₈) alkyl may be substituted.

Preferred acyclic olefins are alpha-olefins with 2-20 C atoms, e.g. B. ethylene or propylene.

The COC used according to the invention particularly preferably contains one Cycloolefin component and an alpha-olefin component. Are preferred COC, the norbornene or tetracyclododecene, these z. B. by (C₁- C₆) alkyl can be substituted, with ethylene as a comonomer. Copolymers containing ethylene / norbornene are of particular importance.

The COC used according to the invention has component A (cycloolefin component) in a proportion of from 20 to 100% by weight, preferably 20 to 90 % By weight, based on the total mass of the monomers used.  

The proportion of component B (acyclic olefin component) is 0 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, based on the total mass of monomers used.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably between 5000 and 100,000 g / mol. The glass temperature is preferably -20-200 ° C, particularly preferably 0-200 ° C.

The by polymerization of the monomers used in the invention in Presence of the COC obtained polymers (COC-containing binders) preferably a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 5000 to 100,000, esp preferably from 5,000 to 20,000.

All known can be used for polymerization in the presence of the COC monofunctional (meth) acrylic monomers, optionally together with other different, radically copolymerizable monomers be used. The proportion of additional monomers can e.g. B. 0 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 40 wt .-%, based on the weight of the (Meth) acrylic monomers.

The expression (meth) acrylic is synonymous here with acrylic and / or methacrylic, which can be substituted.

Examples of (meth) acrylic monomers are (meth) acrylic esters, such as alkyl (meth) acrylates, which can also carry further functional groups, such as Hydroxyl groups, amino groups, especially tertiary amino groups, glycidyl functions or carboxy functionalized monomers.

Examples of this are long-chain, branched or unbranched unsaturated approved monomers, such as alkyl (meth) acrylates with C₈-C₁₈ chains in the alkyl part, e.g. B. ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl acrylate-1214, isobornyl (meth) acrylic lat, 4-tertiary butylcyclohexyl methacrylate. Other examples are brief or medium-chain, branched or unbranched unsaturated monomers, such as alkyl (meth) acrylates with C₁-C₇ chains in the alkyl part, for. B. methyl  (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tertiary butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylic lat.

The (meth) acrylic monomers used can be, for example, primary or carry secondary hydroxy functions. Examples of monomers with primary Hydroxy functions are hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and / or meth acrylic acid with a primary OH group and a C₂-C₃-hydroxyalkyl rest with hydroxy-ethyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with a primary OH group and a C₄- C₁₈-hydroxyalkyl such as. B. butanediol monoacrylate, hydroxyhexyl acrylate, Hydroxyoctyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates and implementation products of hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate with caprolactone.

Examples of monomers with secondary OH functions are:
Hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, adducts of glycidyl (meth) acrylate and saturated short-chain fatty acids with C₁-C₃-alkyl radicals, for. As acetic acid or propionic acid, and adducts from Cardura E (glycidyl ester of Versaticsäu re) with unsaturated COOH-functional compounds such as. As acrylic or methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, adducts from Cardura E with unsaturated anhydrides such as. B. maleic anhydride, reaction products of glycidyl (meth) acrylate with saturated branched or unbranched fatty acids with C₄-C₂₀-alkyl radicals, for. B. butanoic acid, caproic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid.

Examples of carboxy-functionalized monomers are acrylic acid, meth acrylic acid and crotonic acid.

It is also possible to use glycidyl-functionalized monomers. Examples of such monomers are glycidyl (meth) acrylate, 1,2-epoxybutyl acrylate or 2,3-epoxycyclopentyl acrylate.

Other copolymerizable glycidyl monomers are e.g. B. (Meth) allylglyci dyl ether or 3,4-epoxy-1-vinylcyclohexane.  

It is also possible, for example, to use (meth) acrylic mono mers with terminal tert-amino groups. Examples of such monomers are tert-aminomethyl methacrylate or tert-aminopropyl methacrylate. in the In the case of the use of such monomers, the simultaneous Use of glycidyl-functionalized monomers can be dispensed with because otherwise gelling of the polymer cannot be ruled out.

Radically polymerizable monomers with the (meth) acrylic monomers can be used, for example, vinyl aromatic monomers, such as styrene and styrene derivatives, such as vinyl toluenes, chlorostyrenes, o-, m- or p-methylstyrene, 2,5-dimethylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-tert.- Butylstyrene, p-dimethylaminostyrene, p-acetamidostyrene and m-vinylphenol. Vinyl toluenes and in particular styrene are preferably used.

Examples of usable carboxyl-functionalized monomers are croton acid, unsaturated anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, and half esters of maleic anhydride by addition of saturated aliphatic Alcohols such as As ethanol, propanol, butanol and / or isobutanol.

Examples of other suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomers are the alkyl esters of maleic, fumaric, tetrahydrophthalic, croton, and isocro tonic, vinyl acetic and itaconic acid, such as. B. corresponding methyl, Ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, pentyl, amyl, isoamyl, Hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, octyl, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl, decyl Dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and octadecenyl esters.

Furthermore, small proportions of monomers with at least two poly merizable, olefinically unsaturated double bonds are used become. The proportion of these monomers is preferably below 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers.

Examples of such compounds are hexanediol diacrylate and hexanediol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Butanediol diacrylate, butanediol dimethacrylate, hexamethylene bismethacrylamide, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and the like  Links.

In the synthesis of the binders according to the invention they become radical polymerizable monomers in the presence of one or more COC Implemented. If the COC are liquid materials acts, the addition of solvents can be dispensed with. It is however possible to work in the presence of solvents so that a liquid reaction medium is achieved. It is cheap the solvent to keep the amount as small as possible. Examples of usable solvents tel are conventional paint solvents, such as aromatic hydrocarbons or Esters, e.g. B. xylene or butyl acetate.

The amount of COC is chosen so that it is 0.5 to 30 wt .-%, based on the Total solids content of the finished binder is.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the COC may be presented with a little solvent. In general the total amount of COC to be used is presented. For polymerization of the monomers, this COC matrix can be heated, for example Temperatures on the order of 100 to 150 ° C, z. B. up to 140 ° C.

The monomers can then be introduced into this matrix. This can for example by dropping, for example using a Period of 3 to 5 hours.

The monomers or the monomer mixture used can be initiators contain. Unless initiators are included in the monomer mixture are, if necessary, they can take a little time to mix the monomers added staggered or added separately. Then you can over a longer period, e.g. B. postpolymeri for several hours be settled. It is then possible to use a conventional paint solvent a desired solids content, for example of the order of magnitude from 30 to 60% by weight, for example 50% by weight.

The binders are produced by radical copolymerization on. The amount of monomer is adjusted so that the desired  Specifications regarding molar mass, OH group ratio, OH number and Acid number can be achieved.

They are produced, for example, as radical solution polymers sation in the presence of a radical initiator, as the expert is known. Examples of radical initiators are dialkyl peroxides such as Di-tert-butyl peroxide, di-cumyl peroxide; Diacyl peroxide such as di-benzoyl per oxide, dilauroyl peroxide; Hydroperoxides, such as cumene hydroperoxide, tert. Butyl hydroperoxide; Peresters, such as tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl-per-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, tert-butyl-per-2- ethylhexanoate; Peroxide dicarbonates, such as di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate; Perketals, such as 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane; Ketone peroxides such as cyclohexanone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide and azo Compounds such as 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile), 2,2'-azo bis- (2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-azo-bis-cyclohexane carbonitrile, azo-bis isobutyro-nitrile, C-C-cleaving initiators such. B. Benzpinakol Deriva te.

The polymerization initiators are generally described, for example, in an amount of 0.1 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of monomers, added.

If an aqueous emulsion is to be created, (instead of the solid body adjustment by adding conventional paint solvents) that at Manufacture used solvent removed. For example by distillation, if appropriate under vacuum. The Harzkon obtained concentrate, which has a high solids content, for example 90% by weight has, if acidic groups are contained in the resin, with a common base, e.g. B. ammonia or an organic amine, e.g. B. Triethylamine to be neutralized. The neutralized resin cone obtained concentrate can be emulsified in water. This can, for example, under vigorous stirring and if necessary with heating, for example Temperatures from 30 to 80 ° C, e.g. B. 50 ° C take place.

It is also possible in the manufacture of the resins with basic monomers Groupings, e.g. B. those containing tertiary amines with einpoly  merize. The basic group-containing resin thus prepared can then with acids, e.g. B. inorganic or organic acids, such as ants acid, acetic acid, neutralized and then emulsified in water become.

If the resin does not contain acidic, basic or ionic groups, it can be emulsified using a standard, non-ionic emulsifier become. This happens e.g. B. by homogenizing the resin concentrate and of the non-ionic emulsifier, optionally with heating, for example point to temperatures of 30 to 80 ° C, z. B. 60 ° C. Such a mixture can be emulsified in a conventional homogenizer. Examples of this are rotor / stator homogenizers that operate at speeds from, for example, 8000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute. The Emulsifiers are obtained, for example, in amounts of 3 to 30% by weight on the resin concentrate.

It is assumed that by the procedure according to the invention a Fixation of the COC in the formed by polymerizing the monomers Binder matrix takes place. Without being tied to a specific theory here to be, it is believed that on the one hand in the polymerization of the Monomers in the presence of the COC a semi-interpenetrating network arises, on the other hand at least one during the polymerization Part of the monomers is grafted onto the COC matrix. It is accepted men that thereby the favorable weather resistance of coatings is achieved, based on the binders according to the invention be put.

The binders according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of Suitable coating agents. Such coating agents can in addition to Binder according to the invention additives customary in lacquer, in particular crosslinking zer, included.

In the manufacture of the binders according to the invention, the functional groups of the monomers used. It is therefore possible crosslinkers depending on the type of functional groups used to choose the binder. The following combinations of  Binding agents based on COC and crosslinking agents specified:

• 1) COC, in which, inter alia, hydroxy- and / or carboxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic monomers are polymerized, with crosslinkers based on
  • 1a) polyisocyanates, which may be capped, and / or
  • 1b) melamine resins, or
  • 1c) polyepoxides, which can optionally be catalyzed with acids or basic catalysts.
• 2) COC, in which inter alia epoxy- and optionally hydroxyfunctionalized (meth) acrylic monomers are polymerized, with crosslinkers based on
  • 2a) carboxy-functionalized compounds, where the crosslinking can optionally be catalyzed by acids or bases, and if appropriate
  • 2b) melamine resins, or
  • 2c) polyamines, which can optionally be capped.
• 3) COC, in which, inter alia, epoxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic monomers are polymerized, part of the glycidyl functions being subsequently esterified with alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids, as a result of which unsaturated groups are incorporated in the resin, as described in DE-A 40 27 259 is described, with crosslinkers based on
  • 3a) polyamines, which may be capped, or
  • 3b) components with several CH-acidic groups in the molecule, a basic catalyst optionally being added, or
  • 3c) transesterification crosslinker with several groups capable of transesterification per molecule.

Examples of polyisocyanates 1a) are diisocyanates such as those customary in lacquers aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates, e.g. B. 2.4- Tolylene diisocyanate; 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate; 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocy anate, hexamethylene diisocyanate; 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-isocyanate-3-isocyanato methylcyclohexane; m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate; Tetra methyl diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate or cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate.

The polyisocyanates can be linked to form prepolymers with a higher molecular weight his. Adducts of tolylene diisocyanate may be mentioned here, for example and trimethylolpropane, made up of 3 molecules of hexamethyl diisocyanate tes biuret, and the trimers of hexamethylene diisocyanate and Trimers of isophorone diisocyanate.

The isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanates used are given completely capped if necessary. Common capping agents can be used are used, e.g. B. dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, Acetoacetic ester, caprolactone, 1,2-propanediol and / or butanone oxime and the other capping agents familiar to the person skilled in the art.

Examples of melamine resins 1b) are conventional crosslinking resins, such as. B. Methyl etherified melamines, such as the commercial products Cymel 325, Cymel 327, Cymel 350 and Cymel 370, Maprenal MF 927.

Other examples of melamine resins 1b) that can be used are butanol or Isobutanol etherified melamines such as B. the commercial products Setamin US 138 or Maprenal MF 610; mixed etherified melamines containing both butanol and are also methanol etherified, such as. B. Cymel 254, and hexamethyloxy methyl melamine (HMM melamine) such as B. Maprenal 900 or Maprenal 904, the latter for crosslinking an external acid catalyst such. B. p- May need toluenesulfonic acid. The acid catalyst can be ionic with Amines such as B. triethylamine or non-ionic such. B. with Cardura E, the glycidyl ester of versatic acid.

The binders according to the invention, as described under 1),  can with the uncapped polyisocyanates in a further temperature area z. B. between 20 ° C and 180 ° C, the range between 20 ° C and 80 ° C is preferred.

When using blocked polyisocyanates and / or melamine resins baking temperatures between 80 ° C and 180 ° C are preferred.

Examples of polyepoxides 1c) which contain acid groups, for. B. Can crosslink COOH-containing binder 1) are di- or polyfunctional epoxy compounds made using US Formation of, for example, di- or polyfunctional epoxy compounds, such as Diglycidyl or polyglycidyl ether of (cyclo) aliphatic or aromatic hydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2- and 1,4- Cyclohexanediol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, polyglycidyl ether of phenol formaldehyde novolaks, polymers of ethylenically unsaturated groups, the Contain epoxy groups, such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, N-glycidyl (meth) acrylamide, and / or allyl glycidyl ether, optionally copolymerized with various other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, glycidyl ether of fatty acids with 6-24 C atoms, epoxidized polyalkadienes, such as epoxidized polybutadiene, hydantoin-epoxy resins, glycidyl group-containing Resins, such as polyesters or polyurethanes, which have one or more glycidyl Contain groups per molecule, and mixtures of the resins and Links.

If necessary, crosslinking with catalysts, for example in an amount between 0.1% and 10%, based on the total solid resin stop are used, additionally catalyzed.

These are e.g. B. phosphonium salts such as benzyl triphenylphonium acetate, chloride, bromide or iodide, or e.g. B. ammonium compounds such. B. Tetraethylammonium chloride or fluoride.

Examples of carboxy-functionalized compounds 2a) which are the epoxide Functionalized binders can crosslink under 2) are carboxy functionalized poly (meth) acrylic copolymers and / or one or more carboxy functionalized polyester.  

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carboxy functionalized poly (meth) acrylic copolymers a number average of Molecular weight (Mn) from 1000 to 10,000 g / mol. Use them accordingly baren carboxy-functionalized polyester preferably have a calculated molar weight from 500 to 2000 g / mol. The acid number of this starting materials is 15 to 200 mg KOH / g, preferably 30 to 140 mg KOH / g and particularly preferably 60 to 120 mg KOH / g.

In the production of the carboxyl group-containing poly (meth) acrylic copolyme Ren or polyester, the carboxyl groups can be used directly building blocks containing carboxyl groups, for example when building polyme ren, such as (meth) acrylic copolymers, are introduced. Examples of this Suitable carboxyl-containing monomers which can be used are unsaturated Carboxylic acids, such as. B. acrylic, methacrylic, itacon, croton, isocroton, Aconitic, maleic and fumaric acid, half esters of maleic and fumaric acid as well as β-carboxyethyl acrylate and adducts of hydroxyalkyl esters of Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with carboxylic anhydrides, such as. B. the phthalic acid mono-2-methacryloyloxyethyl ester.

In the present description and the claims, the Expression (meth) acrylic used. This means acrylic and / or methacrylic.

In the production of carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic copolymers or polyester, it is also possible to first use a hydroxy and optionally polymer containing carboxyl groups and having an OH number of 15 to build up to 200 mg KOH / g and the carboxyl groups in whole or in part in a second stage by reacting the hydroxyl and optionally to introduce carboxyl-containing polymers with carboxylic anhydrides.

Suitable for addition to the hydroxyl-containing polymers Carboxylic anhydrides are the anhydrides of aliphatic, cycloaliphati and aromatic saturated and / or unsaturated di- and poly carboxylic acids, such as the anhydrides of phthalic acid, tetra hydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, Itaconic acid, glutaric acid, trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid and their halogenated or alkylated derivatives.  

Anhydrides of phthalic acid, tetrahydro- and Hexahydrophthalic acid and S-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl esters alpha, beta-unsaturated Carboxylic acids with primary hydroxyl groups for the production of hydroxyfunction neller poly (meth) acrylates are hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, Hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyamyl acrylate, hydroxyhexyl acrylate, hydroxy octyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates. As examples of usable hydroxyalkyl esters with a secondary hydroxyl group 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates called.

Advantageously, the hydroxyl-functionalized component can be at at least partially a reaction product from one mole of hydroxyethyl acrylate and / or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and an average of two moles of epsilon Caprolactone.

As a hydroxy-functionalized component, at least partially one can also Reaction product from acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with the Glyci dylester of a carboxylic acid with a tertiary alpha carbon atom be used. Glycidyl esters of strongly branched monocarboxylic acids available under the trade name "Cardura". Implementation of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of a carboxylic acid with a tertiary alpha carbon can be before, during or after the polymerisa tion reaction take place.

In the manufacture of the (meth) acrylic copolymers, in addition to the foregoing The monomers mentioned also include other ethylenically unsaturated monomers be used. The selection of the other ethylenically unsaturated Monomers is not critical. It is only necessary to ensure that the Incorporation of these monomers does not lead to undesirable properties of the copoly merisats leads.

Particularly suitable as a further ethylenically unsaturated component are re alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, such as. B. Methyl (meth) acrylic  lat, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isopro pyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, Octyl (meth) acrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylic lat, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate and octadecenyl (meth) acrylate.

Instead of the aforementioned alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid or together with these alkyl esters can be used to prepare (meth) acrylic copolymers used further ethylenically unsaturated monomers be, the selection of these monomers largely according to the desired properties of the coating agent in terms of hardness, elasti tity, tolerance and polarity.

Examples of other suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomers are the alkyl esters of maleic, fumaric, tetrahydrophthalic, croton, and isocro tonic, vinyl acetic and itaconic acid, such as. B. corresponding methyl, Ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, pentyl, amyl, isoamyl, Hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, octyl, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl, decyl, Dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and octadecenyl esters.

Furthermore, small proportions of monomers with at least two polyme Risable, olefinically unsaturated double bonds are used. The proportion of these monomers is preferably less than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers.

Examples of such compounds are hexanediol diacrylate and hexanediol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Butanediol diacrylate, butanediol dimethacrylate, hexamethylene bismethacrylamide, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and the like Links.

Another suitable component is a monovinyl aromatic compound dung. It preferably contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of suitable compounds are styrene, vinyl toluenes, alpha- Methylstyrene, chlorostyrenes, o-, m- or p-methylstyrene, 2,5-dimethylsty  rol, p-methoxystyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, p-dimethylaminostyrene, p- Acetamidostyrene and m-vinylphenol. Vinyl toluenes and are preferred especially styrene used.

The polyesters containing carboxyl groups can be prepared by the customary methods (cf. e.g. Vollmert, floor plan of macromolecular chemistry, E. Voll mert-Verlag Karlsruhe 1982, Volume 11, page 5 ff.) aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic di-, tri- or higher Alcohols, optionally together with and from monohydric alcohols aliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids as well as higher quality polycarboxylic acids. Examples of suitable alcohols are ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3- propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4- Trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, glycerin, trimethyl ethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etherification products of diols and polyols, e.g. B. di- and triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, neopen tylglycol ester of hydroxypivalic acid.

Examples of suitable carboxylic acids are adipine, azelaine, 1,3- and 1,4- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, tetrahydrophthalic, hexahydrophthalic, endo methyltetrahydrophthalic acid, isophthalic acid, o-phthalic acid, terephthalate acid or its anhydrides and their esterifiable derivatives.

The calculated molecular weights of the polyesters are, for example, between 500 and 2000 g / mol.

The carboxy-functional poly (meth) acrylic copolymers and Polyesters can be "chain extended" with a lactone. The lactones (Cyclic esters) attach to carboxyl groups, the ring is opened and a new terminal carboxyl group is formed. A An example of a particularly preferred lactone is epsilon-Caprolac volume.

Examples of other lactones are gamma-butyrolactone and lactones, such as beta-priolactone, delta-valerolactone, delta-butyrolactone, zeta-enantholac  ton, eta-caprylolactone. Lactones of this type can be substituted: Examples include 6-methyl-epsilon-caprolactone and 3-methyl-epsilon caprolactone, 5-methyl-epsilon-caprolactone, 5-phenol-epsilon-caprolactone, 4-methyl-delta-valerolactone, 3,5-dimethyl-epsilon-caprolactone, and Mixtures of these.

The reaction with the lactone can, for example, follow immediately to the resin synthesis, that is, to the synthesis of the poly (meth) acrylic polymer risk and / or polyester. The reaction takes place, for example as at elevated temperature, for example at temperatures up to 100 ° C. The reaction can, for example, with stirring up to to be done at 10 hours.

It may be advantageous to use the OH function described pre-condense light resins and COOH-functional resins.

The catalysts that crosslink the epoxy functional can accelerate ten polysiloxanes 2) and component 2a) those described in the description of component 1c).

The quantitative ratios of components 2) and 2a) are preferably so chosen that the ratio of epoxy groups and carboxy groups between 1: 1.5 and 1.5: 1, preferably 1: 1.2 and 1.2: 1.

The melamine resins mentioned under 2b) are the same as the first be described under 1b).

Component 2c) is a polyamine component with at least two functional groups of the formula

R⁴HN-,

wherein R⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 8, preferred Can be 5 or 6 carbon atoms.  

Suitable polyamines are diamines and amines with more than two amino groups pen, where the amino groups can be primary and / or secondary. About that In addition, adducts are also suitable as polyamines Polyamines with at least two primary amino groups and at least one, preferably one, secondary amino group, with epoxy compound solutions, polyisocyanates and acryloyl compounds. Beyond that also aminoamides and adducts of carboxyl-functionalized acrylates Suitable imines which have at least two amino groups.

Examples of suitable di- and polyamines are, for example, in the EP A 0 240 083 and EP-A 0 346 982. examples for this are aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic amines with 2 - 24 C atoms, the 2- 10 primary amino groups, preferably 2-4 primary amino groups, and 0- 4 secondary amino groups included.

Representative examples of this are ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, Butylene diamine, pentamethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, 4,7-dioxa-decane 1,10-diamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, isophoronedi amine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, 2,2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane; Polyether polyamines, e.g. B. those with the trade name Jeffamine or Jefferson Chemical Company, bis (3-aminopropyl) ethylamine, 3-amino 1- (methylamino) propane and 3-amino-1- (cyclohexylamino) propane.

Common polyamines based on adducts of polyfunctional amine components with di- or polyfunctional epoxy Connections, such as those made using Formation of, for example, di- or polyfunctional epoxy compounds, such as Di-glycidyl or polyglycidyl ether of (cyclo) aliphatic or aroma tables hydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2- and 1,4- Cyclohexanediol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, polyglycidyl ether of phenol formaldehyde novolaks, polymers of ethylenically unsaturated groups, the Contain epoxy groups, such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, N-glycidyl (meth) acrylamide and / or allyl glycidyl ether, optionally copolymerized with various other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, glycidyl ether of fatty acids with 6-24 C atoms, epoxidized polyalkadienes, such as epoxidized polybutadiene, hydantoin epoxy resins, glycidyl group-containing  Resins, such as polyesters or polyurethanes, which have one or more glycidyl Contain groups per molecule, and mixtures of the resins and Links.

The polyamines are added to the epoxy compounds mentioned with ring opening of the oxirane grouping. The reaction can be, for example in a temperature range of 20-100 ° C, but preferably between 20-60 ° C. If necessary, 0.1-2% by weight of a Lewis Base such as triethylamine or an ammonium salt such as tetrabutylammonium iodide be catalyzed.

Suitable polyamines are also polyamine-isocyanate adducts. Common Isocyanates for polyamine-isocyanate adducts are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic tables and / or aromatic di-, tri- or tetraisocyanates, the ethyle can be niche unsaturated. Examples include 1,2-propylene diiso cyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene di isocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocy anate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, w, w'-dipropyl ether diisocy anate, 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate, 1,2- and 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, Isophorone diisocyanate, 4-methyl-1,3-diisocyanate cyclohexane, transvinyli dendiisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (1- isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) ben zole, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenyl, Adducts from 2 moles of a diisocyanate, e.g. B. hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate to one mole of a diol, e.g. B. ethylene glycol, the Adduct of 3 moles of hexamethylene diisocyanate with 1 mole of water (available under the trade name Desmodur N from Bayer AG), the adduct from 1 mol Trimethylolpropane and 3 moles of toluene diisocyanate (available under the Trade name Desmodur L from Bayer AG) and the adduct from 1 mol Trimethylolpropane and 3 moles of isophorone diisocyanate.

The addition of polyamines to the isocyanate compounds mentioned takes place, for example, in a temperature range of 20-80 ° C before pulls 20-60 ° C. If necessary, by adding 0.1 to 1% by weight a tertiary amine such as triethylamine and / or 0.1-1% by weight of one Lewis acid, such as dibutyltin laurate, can be catalyzed.  

As mentioned, the polyamines can also adducts with acryloyl compounds his. Examples of di- or polyfunctional acryloyl unsaturated Compounds for making polyamine adducts are in U.S. Patent 4,303 563, e.g. B. ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, Trimethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexamethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylol propane diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and pentaerytrituol triacrylate. More examples of usable poly Functional acryloyl-unsaturated acrylates are:

• 1) Urethane acrylates obtained by the reaction of an isocyanate group a polyisocyanate with a hydroxyacrylate, e.g. B. Hexamethylene di isocyanate and hydroxyethyl acrylate, the preparation is described in U.S. Patent 3,297,745,
• 2) Polyetherecrylates obtained by transesterification of a hydroxy terminator ten polyether with acrylic acid described in U.S. Patent 3,380,831.
• 3) Polyester acrylates obtained by esterification of a hydroxyl group containing polyester with acrylic acid, described in US Pat. No. 3,935,173.
• 4) Polyfunctional acrylates obtained by the reaction of a hydroxyl-functionalized acrylate, such as. B. hydroxyethyl acrylate
  • a) dicarboxylic acids with 4-15 C atoms,
  • b) polyepoxides with terminal glycidyl groups,
  • c) polyisocyanates with terminal isocyanate groups, described in US Pat. No. 3,560,237,
• 5) Acrylate-terminated polyester obtained by the reaction of Acrylic acid, a polyol with at least three hydroxy functions and a dicarboxylic acid described in U.S. Patent 3,567,494,
• 6) polyacrylate obtained by the reaction of acrylic acid with a Epoxidized oil containing epoxy functions, such as soy or Linseed oil described in U.S. Patent 3,125,592,  
• 7) Polyacrylate obtained by the reaction of acrylic acid with epoxy Groups of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, described in US-PS 3,373,075.
• 8) Polyacrylate obtained by the reaction of acrylic acid on Epoxy functionalized vinyl polymer, e.g. B. Polymers with glycidyl acrylate or vinyl glycidyl ether, described in US Pat. No. 3,530,100,
• 9) Polyacrylate obtained by the reaction of acrylic anhydride with Polyepoxides described in U.S. Patent 3,676,398,
• 10) Acrylate urethane ester obtained by the reaction of a hydroxyalkyl acrylates, with a diisocyanate and a hydroxyl functionalized Alkyd resin described in U.S. Patent 3,676,140;
• 11) Acrylate urethane polyester obtained by the reaction of a poly caprolactone diols or triols with an organic polyisocyanate and with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate described in U.S. Patent 3,700,634,
• 12) Urethane polyacrylate obtained by the reaction of a hydroxyfunk tionalized polyester with acrylic acid and a polyisocyanate, described in U.S. Patent 3,759,809.

The acryloyl end groups of the di- or polyacrylic monomers or the poly Acrylates from Examples 1) to 12) can be functional with polyamines be settled. The attachment can e.g. B. in a temperature range of 20- 100 ° C, preferably at 40-60 ° C, take place.

Another method for the synthesis of an amine-functionalized hardener is described in EP-A 0 002 801. Here are Acrylolyesterestercopoly mers amidized with diamines with elimination of alcohol. The one received reactive group has the following structure:

R⁵ = H or CH₃,
R⁶ = alkylene groups with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, which can be the same or different
n = 0, 1, 2 or 3
the rest

comes from the acrylic ester copolymer backbone.

The acrylic acid ester copolymer has a number average molecular weight Mn from 1000-20000, preferably 2000-5000. Examples of possible comonomes re are esters of (meth) acrylic acid such as B. methyl, ethyl, butyl, Cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) arylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, also (meth) acrylic acid, styrene and vinyl toluene.

Methyl acrylate is particularly preferred because this monomer is from aminolysis is particularly easily accessible. The proportion of methacrylate in the copolymer is 2-35% by weight. The copolymers are produced by Solution polymerization in common solvents such as toluene, xylenes, Acetates, e.g. B. butyl acetate or ethyl glycol acetate, ethers such as tetrahydro furan or aromatic mixtures such as the commercial product Solvesso 100. Die Synthesis of the copolymers is known to the person skilled in the art and does not require any further explanation. The polyamines used in aminolysis must contain at least two primary or secondary amine groups and have already been described.

Reaction products from the reaction can also be used as hardeners of a (meth) acrylic acid copolymer with alkyleneimines, as described in EP-A 0 179 954. The functional groups obtained have the structure:

R⁵ = H or CH₃
R⁷ = alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
the rest

which is defined above.

In addition to (meth) acrylic acid, the copolymer can be ester of (meth) acrylic acid or Contain vinyl compounds such as styrene. The ones that can be used, for example Comonomers were already in the definition of hydroxyl-containing Poly (meth) acrylates b) described. Examples of alkyleneimines are e.g. B. Propylene or butylene imine.

Examples of polyamines which can likewise be used as hardeners according to the invention are also those which are produced by reacting copolymers of alpha-dimethyl-m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI), which has a number tel of the molecular weight (Mn) from 1000 to 10,000, with mono- or Diketimines that contain either an OH or sec.NH grouping.

As comonomers for the preparation of the TMI copolymers, all customary vinylically polymerizable monomers used without OH functionality are, such as esters of (meth) acrylic acid such as. B. methyl, Ethyl, butyl, isobutyl, ethylhexyl, cyclohexyl and / or lauryl (Meth) acrylate can be selected, styrene, vinyl toluene and / or -Methylstyrene. The copolymers are produced using conventional methods radical solution polymerization, as is known to the person skilled in the art. The work is carried out, for example, in aprotic organic solvents, e.g. B. toluene and xylene, and esters, e.g. B. Butyl acetate.

Commonly used radical initiators, such as Peroxides and azo compounds. The reaction takes place e.g. B. with heating, for example at temperatures from 80 to 140 ° C.

The monomeric TMI can range from 2 to 40% by weight based on the weight of all monomers are copolymerized, but preferred in a range of 2 to 25% by weight.

The isocyanate-terminated copolymer is then mixed with one or  several mono- and / or diketene functionalized with OH or sec.NH. imines and / or mono- and / or dialdimines implemented.

The preparation of the ketimines and / or aldimines (hereinafter referred to as Simplification the term "ketimine" chosen, but also aldimine should include) z. B. by reacting alkanolamines or Di- or triamines, which have at least one primary amino group, in the case of Di- or triamines additionally carry a secondary amine function with Aldehydes and / or ketones with elimination of water.

Examples of alkanolamines are:
Monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, monohexanolamine or 2-amino-2-hydroxypropane.

Examples of di- and triamines which carry at least one primary amino group and one secondary amino group are:
N-methylpropylamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine or bishexa methyltriamine.

To produce the TMI acrylate / ketimine adducts, the primary Amino groups of the above amines can be blocked.

Here, the primary amines are reacted with aldehydes or ketones with elimination of water to form Schiff bases or aldimines or ketimines. Examples of such aldehydes and ketones are:
C₃-C₁₀ compounds, the hexylaldehyde, octylaldehyde, diisopropyl ketone and / or methyl isobutyl ketone. The last two compounds are particularly preferred because they show little tendency to undergo side reactions.

The OH- or sec.NH-functionalized mono- or diketimines are used in the addition to the isocyanate-terminated copolymer preferably in Deficit used, 90-95% of the isocyanate groups are preferred  implemented with OH or NH groups. The remaining excess In a final reaction step, isocyanate groups are reacted with mono alcohol len such as B. ethenol, propanol or butanol urethanized.

For the synthesis of the ketimine or aldimine-functionalized (blocked) For example, polyamines first become a TMI copolymer by radical solution polymerization. Then a Alkanolamine or di- or triketimine, which is both at least one primary as well as a secondary amine function, with the desired block aldehyde or ketone in an organic solvent Water forms an azeotropic mixture, presented. By heating this The resulting water of reaction is distilled off azeotropically.

It is favorable to carry out the preparation under inert gas. The blockie Resource can be used in excess, the following the reaction can be distilled off. It is useful as a cap to choose a ketone / aldehyde that mixes itself with water Forms azeotropically, so that an additional organic solvent can be dispensed with. To add the OH or sec.NH functionalization ten ketimins or aldimines on the isocyanate-terminated copolymer is the ketimine in z. B. 80 ° C under inert gas and the copolyme risat in z. B. metered two hours. With the help of a Lewis acid like e.g. B. Dibutyltin labrate, the reaction can optionally be catalyzed become. After the end of the metering, if the ketimine is in the There is a deficit, an alcohol, e.g. B. added butanol. It will be given nen still at an elevated temperature z. B. about 10 to 30 min. touched.

The above production method is only an example of one Procedure. It can also be worked, for example, that the copolymer is presented and the ketimine is added.

The terminated (free) amino groups of the polyamine hardener component can be capped, e.g. B. with ketones or aldehydes with training Schiff bases.

All polyamines described so far have compared to the fiction  binder components have a very high reactivity, which is reflected in a very short pot life. Because of this, it can be useful with the terminated amine groups of the polyamines mentioned Aldehydes or ketones with elimination of water to form Schiff bases or Implement aldimines or ketimines. Examples of ver for capping reversible aldehydes and ketones are C₃-C₁₀ compounds such as hexyl alde hyd, octyl aldehyde, diisopropyl ketone and / or methyl isobutyl ketone. The the last two connections are particularly preferred because they are only one show little tendency to side reactions.

The quantitative ratio of epoxy-functionalized COC (meth) acrylate 2) 2c) in the curable lacquer is preferably chosen so that the ratio between epoxy groups and amine functions between 1: 1.5 and 1.5: 1, preferably 1: 1.2 and 1.2: 1.

The COC, as they are called as component 3) above, can for example epoxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic monomers included. Part of the existing glycidyl functions can be used with Alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids must be esterified, making them unsaturated te groups are built into the resin; this is for example in the DE-A 40 27 259 described.

The partial implementation of glycidyl groups with alpha, beta-unsaturated Carboxylic acid to form component 3) can, for. B. done so that one into a heated (e.g. 50 to 100 ° C, e.g. 80 ° C) polysiloxane / Acrylic resin solution one or more alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids until the desired acid number is reached. This can happen with for example by dropping. It is stirred until the acid number is preferably below 1 mg KOH / g.

Examples of usable acids are mono- or polyunsaturated Monocarboxylic acids with e.g. B. 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, dihydro levulinic acid, sorbic acid and preferably acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid re.  

The amount of acid is preferably such that a ratio between acryloyl groups and epoxy groups from 8: 2 to 2: 8, preferred 7: 3 and 3: 7.

Polyamines can be used as crosslinker component 3a). Such Polyamines correspond to those already described above under 2c) Polyamines.

The ratio between epoxy and acryloyl groups to amine functions is chosen so that it is between 1: 1.5 and 1.5: 1, preferred between 1: 1.2 and 1.2: 1.

The CH- according to the invention which can be used as a crosslinker for component 3) Acid component 3b) can e.g. B. are produced by transesterification of a aliphatic beta-ketocarboxylic acid ester with a polyol.

Suitable beta-ketocarboxylic acid esters are, for example, esters of Acetes acetic acid or alkyl-substituted acetoacetic acids, such as alpha and / or gamma-methyl acetoacetic acid. Suitable esters of these acids are those with aliphatic alcohols, preferably lower alcohols with 1 to 4 carbons atoms of matter, such as methanol, ethanol or butanol.

As polyols for reaction with the beta-ketocarboxylic acid esters are according to a preferred embodiment of the invention monomers and polymers suitable, which are selected from:

• i) polyols from the group of straight or branched alkane-di- and polyols with 2 to 12 carbon atoms,
• ii) poly (meth) acrylates or poly (meth) acrylic containing hydroxyl groups amides based on (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyalkyl esters or (Meth) acrylic acid-hydroxyalkylamides, each with 2 to 12 carbons atoms in the alkyl part, optionally copolymerized with alpha, beta-unsaturated monomers, with a number average of Molecular weight (Mn) from 1000 to 10,000,  
• iii) hydroxyl-containing poly (meth) acrylates based on (Meth) acrylic acid hydroxyalkyl esters with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and optionally copolymerizable alpha, beta unsaturated monomers with cyclic esters from Hydroxycar bonic acids with 4 to 6 carbon atoms are modified with a Number average molecular weight (Mn) from 1000 to 10,000, and
• iv) polyester polyols or polyether polyols each with a Number average molecular weight (Mn) from 500 to 2000.

Suitable alkane di- and polyols of group i) are those with straight lines and branched chains with 2-12 carbon atoms. They contain at least two hydroxy functions, but preferably at least three. Examples of these are propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, glycerol, Trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.

Examples of hydroxyl-containing poly (meth) acrylates ii) based of (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyalkyl esters with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in Alkyl part are hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid Alcohols with at least two hydroxyl groups, such as 1,4-butanediol, mono (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol mono (meth) acrylate or 1,2,3-propanetriol mono (meth) acrylate. Examples of hydroxyl-containing poly (meth) acrylic amides ii) based on (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyalkylamides are amides acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with hydroxyalkylamines or di (hydroxyalkyl) amines each having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl part, which may have one or more hydroxyl groups, such as acrylic acid hy droxyethylamide. The in the present description and the patent Proverbs used expression (meth) acrylic and / or methacrylic meaning ten.

The hydroxyl group-containing poly (meth) acrylates of component ii) can Be homo- or copolymers. They have a number average of the molecule Largewicht of 1000 to 10,000, preferably from 3000 to 6000. Copoly Merizable monomers for the preparation of the copolymers are alpha, beta unsaturated monomers, radically polymerizable monomers from the Group of the esters of alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid  re or methacrylic acid, examples of the alcohol components of the Esters methyl, ethyl, propyl alcohol and their isomers and higher Are homologues. Other examples are diesters of maleic or fumaric acid re, the alcohol component being the same as mentioned above. Other examples are vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, alpha Methyl styrene and vinyl toluene. Other examples are vinyl ester short chain tiger carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate.

The hydroxyl-containing poly (meth) acrylates of those defined above Component iii) can be modified poly (meth) acrylate homo- and copoly be mers, as described under ii), their hydroxyl groups wholly or partially with cyclic esters, such as. B. of Hydroxycarbonsäu ren with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as butyrolactone or caprolactone are implemented. The modified poly (meth) acrylates obtained Component iii) have a number average molecular weight Mn of 1000 up to 10,000.

Examples of the polyester polyols and polyether polyols of the component iv) are those with a number average molecular weight Mn of 500 to 2000. Specific examples are reaction products of di- or Tricarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or trimellitic acid, with polyols, the polyols being in excess. Other examples are implementation tion products of di- or triols, such as propanediol, butanediol or Glycerin, with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. The synthesis of the C-H-acids Component can, for example, take place over several stages. The polyol first after removing any solvent that may be present transesterified with the aliphatic beta-ketocarboxylic acid ester.

The transesterification of the polyol can be carried out, for example, that the solvent may be removed by applying a vacuum te polyol is presented. The beta-ketocarboxylic acid ester is now in the over shot added, for example added dropwise. The reaction takes place at elevated temperature; the alcohol released is removed from the system distant.

A catalyst is also used to accelerate the reaction  possible. Examples of such catalysts are acids, such as ants acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. It is beneficial in the transesterification process Increase reaction temperature continuously (for example in steps 10 ° C / 20 min) until a temperature is reached that is scarce (approx 10 ° C) is below the boiling point of the beta-ketocarboxylic acid ester. After quantitative transesterification, the excess beta-ketocarboxylic acid reester removed, for example by applying a vacuum. Then ßend the mixture can be cooled and with an inert solvent a desired solids content can be set.

The hardener component 3b) can also 2-aceto to adjust the viscosity Contain acetoxy-ethyl methacrylate as a reactive diluent.

Components acetoacetic ester functionalized by implementing the beta-carbonyl groups with primary and / or secondary monoamines in their CH acidity are increased, such as. B. DE-A 39 32 517.

Component 3b) preferably contains one or more mixed in Catalysts in the form of Lewis bases or Brönstedt bases, the conjugated acids of the latter have a pKA value of at least 10. Lewis bases such as e.g. B. those of Group of cycloaliphatic amines, such as diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), tert-aliphatic amines, such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, N-methyldi ethanolamine, N-methyl-diisopropylamine or N-butyl-diethanolamine, and Amidines such as diazabicyloundecene (DBU), and guanidines such as e.g. B. N, N, N ', - N'-tetramethylguanidine. Further examples are alkyl or aryl substituents ized phosphines, such as. B. tributylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tris-p- Tolylphosphane, methyl-diphenylphosphine, and hydroxy and amine functions nalized phosphines, such as. B. Trishydroxymethylphosphan and Tris-di methylamino-ethylphosphane.

Examples of the Brönstedt bases that can be used are alcoholates such as Sodium or potassium ethylate, quaternary ammonium compounds, such as alkyl, Aryl or benzylammonium hydroxides or halides, such as. B. tetraethyl or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide or fluoride, and trialkyl or Triaryl phosphonium salts or hydroxides.  

The amount of the catalysts is, for example, 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2 wt .-%, based on the total solids content of the Components 3) and 3b).

The crosslinkers mentioned under 3c) are those which contain at least two transesterifiable groups, which from example wise one or more of the following groupings come from the same or can be different:

where R = alkyl and preferably H,

where alkyl and alkylene preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the carboxyl or carbon defined above for the radicals W₁, W₂ and W₃ amide groups each bonded to the group CR via the carbon atom are and the group CR via at least one of the radicals W₁, W₂ and / or W₃ is bound to a polymeric or oligomeric unit. The functionality component 3c) averages over 2 per molecule.

As mentioned above, the functionality of component 3c) is in Average over 2. This means that in a mixture with more functional  Molecules can also be used as monofunctional molecules.

The crosslinker components 3c) described above contain with W₂ at least one ester group with hydroxyl-containing compounds can network in the sense of a transesterification campaign.

The crosslinker compounds are preferably essentially free of primary ren, secondary or tertiary amino groups, as these the storage stability and can adversely affect light resistance.

The following are examples of crossester components that are capable of transesterification 3c) listed under the preferred general formula above fall. These examples are divided into three groups A1, A2 and A3 divided.

In group A1 there are on average at least two groups in the molecule contain, which are from methane tricarboxylic acid monoamide units or Derive acetoacetic acid ester-2-carboxamides.

Suitable compounds A1 are, for example, reaction products of Malonic acid diesters such as malonic acid dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, dipentyl esters or acetoacetic acid esters such as methyl, ethyl or butyl acetoacetate, -pentyl ester with polyisocyanates.

Examples of such isocyanates which can be used according to the invention are cycloaliphatic, aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates such as Tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylene di isocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcylohexane (= isophorondi isocyanate IPDI), perhydro-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, Diphenylmethane-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diisocyanate, 3,2'- and / or 3,4- Diisocyanato-4-methyl-diphenylmethane, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, tri phenylmethane-4,4'-triisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate or Mixtures of these compounds.  

In addition to these simple isocyanates, hetero contain atoms in the radical linking the isocyanate groups. Examples for this are carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, Urethane groups, acylated urea groups and biuret groups Polyisocyanates.

The known polyisocytes are particularly suitable for the invention anate, mainly used in the manufacture of paints be, e.g. B. biuret, isocyanurate or urethane groups Modification products of the simple polyisocyanates mentioned above, in particular tris (6-isocyanatohexyl) biuret or low molecular weight, Polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, as obtained by reacting im Excess IPDI used with simple polyhydric alcohols Molecular weight range 62-300, especially with trimethylolpropane can be obtained. Of course, any mixtures of the polyisocyanates mentioned for the preparation of the invention Products are used.

Suitable polyisocyanates are also the known terminal isocy prepolymers containing anate groups, such as those obtained in particular by reaction the above-mentioned simple polyisocyanates, especially diisocyanates, with deficient amounts of organic compounds with at least two groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups are accessible. When such come preferably a total of at least two amino groups and / or Compounds containing hydroxyl groups with a number average of Molar mass from 300 to 10,000, preferably 400 to 6000, for use. The corresponding polyhydroxyl compounds, e.g. B. the in polyurethane chemistry known per se, hydroxypolyester, hydroxypoly ether and / or hydroxyl-containing acrylate resins used.

In these known prepolymers, the ratio of isocyanate corresponds groups to hydrogen atoms reactive towards NCO 1.05 to 10: 1, preferably 1.1 to 3: 1, the hydrogen atoms preferably consisting of Hydroxyl groups originate.

The nature and proportions of the NCO prepolymers  Ren used starting materials are preferably so chosen that the NCO prepolymers a) have an average NCO functionality of 2 to 4, preferably 2 to 3 and b) a number average molecular weight from 500-10,000, preferably from 800 to 4000.

However, reaction products of esters and are also suitable as compound A1 Partial esters of polyhydric alcohols of malonic acid with monoisocyanates. Polyhydric alcohols are e.g. B. dihydric alcohols such as Ethanediol, the various propane, butane, pentane and hexanediols, Polyethylene and polypropylene diols, glycerin, trimethylolethane and -propane, pentaerythritol, hexanetriol and sorbitol. Suitable monoisocyanates are z. B. aliphatic isocyanates such as n-butyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocy anate, cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as cyclohexyl isocyanate, araliphati cal isocyanates such as benzyl isocyanate or aromatic isocyanates such as Phenyl isocyanate.

The corresponding malonic esters of OH groups are also suitable tendency acrylic resins, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyethers, polyester amides and imides and / or reaction products of malonic half-esters such as Malonic acid monoethyl ester with aliphatic and aromatic epoxy resins, e.g. B. epoxy-containing acrylate resins, glycidyl ethers of polyols such as Hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diphenylol propane and methane and glycidyl group-containing hydantoins, furthermore mixtures of these compounds.

The examples of the following group A2 show a suitable curing com component which has at least two groups of the formula (II)

or structural units of the formula (II ′)

contains, in which mean:

the latter group being bonded to the CH group via the C atom;

the radicals R¹ can be the same or different and represent a hydrocarbon residue, preferably an alkyl radical having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms stand, which is also interrupted by oxygen or an N-alkyl radical can be.

the latter group being bonded to the CR group via the C atom,

The number of group (II) in the hardener that can be used is preferably 2 to 20 and especially 2 to 10, with the larger numerical values refer to oligomeric or polymeric products and here mean values represent.

The hardening component which can be used according to the invention preferably has A2 the formula (III)  

in which X, Y and K are as defined above, R² is the remainder of a polyol

or the rest R² of a polycarboxylic acid

represents and n at least 2, preferably 2 to 20, in particular 2 to 10 means. In the case of oligomeric or polymeric curing components these figures are again averages. Also preferred are curing components that fall under group A2 fall, which one by non-quantitative transesterification of Compounds of the formula (IV) or of the formula (V)

obtained with polyols R² (OH) _n , where Y, K and R¹ have the above meaning, and the radicals R¹ can be the same or different.

The polyols R 2 (OH) _n mentioned above can be a polyhydric alcohol which preferably contains 2 to 12, in particular 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Examples include: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol- (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol- (1,4) and - (2,3), di-β-hydroxyethylbutanediol, hexanediol- (1.6 ), Octanediol (1,8), neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanediol (1,6), 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycylohexyl) propane, 2,2- Bis- (4- (β-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl) propane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4), tris - (β-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol and their hydroxyalkylation products, also fiethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols and xylylene glycols. Also polyesters made from or with lactones, e.g. B. epsilon-caprolactone or hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as. B. hydroxypivalic acid, gamma-hydroxydecanoic acid, gamma-hydroxycaproic acid, thioglycolic acid can be used. In the case of such polyhydric alcohols, the index n in the above formula (III) preferably stands for 2 to 4.

Alternatively, the polyol can be an oligomeric or polymeric polyol compound Represent (polyol resin), the number average molecular weight, Mn, (determined by means of gel chromatography; polystyrene standard), usually in the range of about 170 to 10,000, preferably about 500 to about 5000 lies. In special cases, however, Mn can be 10,000 g / mol and more. When Oligomers / polymers come here as polymers, polycondensates or poly addition compounds into consideration. The hydroxyl number is generally NEN 30 to 250, preferably 45 to 200 and in particular 50 to 180 mg KOH / g. These OH group-containing compounds can optionally contain other functional groups, such as carboxyl groups.

Examples of such polyols are polyether polyols, polyacetal polyols, Polyester amide polyols, polyamide polyols, epoxy resin polyols or their Reaction products with CO₂, phenolic resin polyols, polyurea polyols, Polyurethane polyols, cellulose esters and ether polyols, partially saponified Homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl esters, partially acetalized poly vinyl alcohols, polycarbonate polyols, polyester polyols or acrylate resin polyols. Polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylate resins are preferred and polyurethane polyols. Such polyols, which are also mixed can be set are described for example in DE-OS 31 24 784 ben.

Examples of polyurethane polyols result from the reaction of di- and polyisocyanates with an excess of di- and / or polyols. Appropriate Nete isocyanates are e.g. B. hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate,  Toluene diisocyanate and isocyanates formed from three moles of one Diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, and Biurete resulting from the reaction of three moles of a diisocyanate with emerge from a mole of water. Suitable polyurea polyols can be found in similarly by reacting di- and polyisocyanates with equimola ren amounts of amino alcohols, e.g. B. ethanolamine or diethanolamine, be preserved.

Examples of polyester polyols are the known polycondensates from di- or polycarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as phthalic anhydride, Adipic acid, etc., and polyols such as ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, Glycerin etc.

Suitable polyamide polyols can be similar to the polyesters can be obtained by at least partially by poly amines such as isophorone diamine, hexamethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, etc. replaced.

Examples of polyacrylate polyols or polyvinyl compound containing OH groups are known copolymers of hydroxyl-containing (Meth) acrylic acid esters or vinyl alcohol and other vinyl compounds, such as B. styrene or (meth) acrylic acid esters.

The above polycarboxylic acids R² (CO₂H) _n , where n is preferably 2 to 4 here, can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally, for. B. by halogen atoms, substituted and / or saturated. Examples of such carboxylic acids and their derivatives are: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedioic acid, Endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid and its hexachloro derivative, glutaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, dimeric and trimeric fatty acids, such as oleic acid, optionally in a mixture with monomeric fatty acids or cyclic monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, p-tert-butylbenzoic acid or hexahydrobenzoic acid. Furthermore, the reaction products of the above-mentioned polyols R² (OH) _n with cyclic carboxylic anhydrides.

The curing component A2 which can be used according to the invention is depending on the type of polyol or polycarboxylic acid component, more or less viscous liquids or solids that are at least in the usual paint solvents are largely soluble and preferably less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, of crosslinked Shares included. The transesterification equivalent weight, which is a measure of the amount of groups (II) or structural units (II ') in (A2) is generally between 100 and 5000, preferably 200 and 2000 and that Number average molecular weight Mn usually between 200 and 10,000, preferably between 500 and 5000 (determined by gel chromatography; Polystyrene standard). Methods of making such compounds are described in more detail in EP-A 0 310 011.

Further examples of the hardener component that can be used according to the invention are those of type A3, in which the group capable of transesterification derived from a compound with the grouping -CO-CRR³-COOR⁴, wherein R³ C₁-C₈-alkyl, H, preferably hydrogen and R⁴ = alkyl such as. B. Is methyl, ethyl, butyl, t-butyl.

The above groupings of A3 can be added to at least one more term monomeric or polymeric compound. You can at for example, on at least one connection of the group with one or more values ge alcohols, OH-containing polymers, polyamine and polymer capta ne bound. In terms of the transesterification function, they are more valuable tig. For example, they can be esterified with a polyepoxide a grouping dicarboxylic acid monoester, e.g. B. malonic acid monoester. A component A3 is thus obtained one transesterifiable group per epoxy group. Here you can use aromatic or aliphatic polyepoxides.

Further examples of suitable dicarboxylic acid monoesters are malonic acid moons noalkyl ester, acetone dicarboxylic acid monoalkyl ester being the alkyl radical straight-chain or branched with 1 to 6 atoms, e.g. B. methyl, ethyl, n- Can be butyl or t-butyl.  

The hardener components 3c) can be produced in conventional solvents become. It is convenient to use such solvents, which later do not interfere with the manufacture of the coating agent. It's also convenient to keep the content of organic solvents as low as possible. If the hardener component 3c) contains polar groups, e.g. B. amide or urethane Groupings, so easy dispersion in water is possible. This can optionally also be supported in that the crosslinker component neutralizable ionic groups, e.g. B. carboxyl groups, in Contain oligomer or polymer backbone. Such crosslinkers with ionic Groups can be well dispersed in water. The content of organic solvents can be reduced to low levels without the Increase the viscosity of the crosslinker solution significantly.

The ratio between 3) and 3c) is preferably chosen so that the Ratio of OH functions 3) obtained by the addition reaction the alpha, beta-unsaturated acids to the glycidyl groups and to Transesterification capable groups between 1: 1.5 and 1.5: 1, preferred is between 1: 1.2 and 1.2: 1. In addition, those in the Harz 3) contained unsaturated bonds even in the presence of radical initiates gates are polymerized, creating a further crosslinking effect is achieved. As radical initiators, for example, the above initiators described for the polymerization of the monomers used become.

The binder compositions according to the invention can be used in a conventional manner be formulated wisely as coating agents. This is generally the case by adding solvents or water.

Suitable organic solvents for the production of coating agents, for example paints, are such as those used in the manufacture of Individual components 1), 1a) - 1c), 2), 2a) - 2c, 3), 3a) - 3c) are used can be. Examples of such solvents are organic solvents agents such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example as toluene, xylene, mixtures of aliphatic and / or aromatic carbons hydrogens, esters, ethers and alcohols. These are common paint solutions  medium. To produce the coating compositions from the inventive Binders can also be prepared in aqueous solutions. You can do this if appropriate, suitable emulsifiers are used, such as those on the Lacquer sector are common.

Conventional additives can be added to produce the coating compositions as they are common in the paint sector, for example. Examples for such additives are pigments, for example transparent or opaque coloring pigments such as titanium dioxide or carbon black and effect pigments such as metal flake pigments and / or pearlescent pigments.

The binder compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable favorable for coating agents that have high scratch resistance and acid resistance should have had.

Other examples of additives are fillers, such as. B. talc and Silicates; Plasticizers, light stabilizers, stabilizers and leveling agents tel, such as silicone oils.

The coating compositions produced from the binders according to the invention can be adjusted to the desired application viscosity by appropriate Regulation of the addition of solvents and / or water and / or additives can be set.

The hardening of coatings produced from the coating agents can be carried out in a wide temperature range from, for example, -10 ° C. to 200 ° C. gene and is dependent on the respective type of crosslinking reactions.

The coating compositions produced from the binders according to the invention are suitable for coatings that adhere to a variety of substrates, such as wood, textiles, plastic, glass, ceramics, plaster, Cement and especially metal. The coating agents can also be used in more layering processes are used. For example, you can usual primers, basecoats, fillers or on existing ones Top coats are applied.  

A particularly preferred application for the inventive Binder provides the provision of coating agents for painting conditions that should have high scratch resistance and acid resistance.

The present invention thus also relates to methods of manufacture of coatings on different substrates, where on the substrate a coating agent produced from the binders according to the invention is applied, followed by drying and hardening. The invention also relates to the use of the binders according to the invention together settling in paints, especially automotive top coats or clear coats.

In any case, one obtains from the binders according to the invention coatings produced films with good hardness and good water and solvent resistance, chemical resistance, scratch resistance and high dirt-repellent effect, the dirt-repellent effect over long periods, even under unfavorable weather conditions preserved.

The coating compositions according to the invention can be applied in the customary manner Way done, for example by dipping, spraying, painting or electrostatically. It can be an advantage to start with one first clear coat, which is made from a commercially available conventional organically dissolved or aqueous clear varnish can be applied and burn in or harden and then as a second layer To apply COC-containing clear coat. Of course it is also possible as first layer to also use the COC varnish.

In the following examples, parts (T) and percentages refer (%) each on weight, unless otherwise stated.

As COC resin I was a cycloolefinic copolymer containing about 20 mol.% norbornene, 80 mol.% ethylene, used; Glass temperature 162 ° C, Mn 2000 g / mol, Mw 7000 g / mol, Mw / Mn = 3.45.  

Example 1 Production of a copolymer according to the invention based on a COC

In a 4 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel and Reflux condenser is provided

150 T of COC resin 1 (5% based on the total batch)
382.5 T xylene

presented and heated to boiling. A mixture is formed at reflux

7.5 T acrylic acid
324.6 T butyl methacrylate
286.5 T styrene
375T methyl methacrylate
618 T hydroxypropyl methacrylate
43.5 T tert-butyl perbenzoate

metered in continuously within 6 hours. Then again 80.1 T xylene and 3.9 T tert-butyl perbenzoate were added and 4 hours postpolymerized at reflux. Then 308.1 T xylene and 420.3 T Butyl acetate 98/100 added.

The polymer has a solids content of 60.3% and an acid number of 19.5 and a viscosity of 2250 mPas and has a very light weight opaque colorless appearance.

Example 2 Production of a copolymer according to the invention based on a COC

In a 4 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel and Reflux condenser is provided

300 T of COC resin 1 (10% based on the total batch)
690 T xylene
34.5 T tertiary butyl perbenzoate

presented and heated to boiling. After stirring for 15 minutes at reflux becomes a mixture of

6 T acrylic acid
257.4 T butyl methacrylate
272.4 T styrene
252 T methyl methacrylate
489 T hydroxypropyl methacrylate
34.5 T tert-butyl perbenzoate

metered in continuously within 6 hours. Then again 80.1 parts of xylene and 3 parts of tert-butyl perbenzoate were added and the mixture was kept under for 4 hours Reflux stirred.

Then 160.8 T xylene are added and the mixture with 420.3 T Butyl acetate 98/100 adjusted to a solids content of 55.0%.

A slightly opaque, colorless COC lap polymer with a Viscosity of 30 300 mPas (Höppler at 25 ° C) and an acid number of 19 mg KOH / g solid resin body.

Comparison test

An attempt was made to stir the COC resin I into a copolymer which was prepared according to the monomer formulation of Example 1.

In a 4 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel and Reflux condenser is provided

532.5 T xylene

presented and heated to boiling. Within 6 hours  Reflux a mixture

7.5 T acrylic acid
324.6 T butyl methacrylate
286.5 T styrene
375T methyl methacrylate
618 T hydroxypropyl methacrylate
43.5 T tert-butyl perbenzoate

metered in continuously. Then 80.1 T xylene and 3.9 T are again Added tert-butyl perbenzoate and postpoly for 4 hours at reflux merized. Then 308.1 T xylene and 420.3 T butyl acetate 98/100 added.

The OH-functional acrylic resin 150 T of a COC resin I under Stir added.

Even after long stirring at reflux, the COC Product not possible.

Example 3 Manufacture of paints

The COC acrylic resin from Example 2 and the OH-functional resin from Comparative experiment with a butanol etherified melamine resin in a ratio of resin: melamine resin 70:30 based on solid resin weight and with butyl acetate 98/100 to a viscosity of 30 seconds AK4 set. The paints are doctored on glass plates, one Dry film thickness of 40 microns was set. Then 20th Minutes baked at 140 ° C.

The paint films were dropped with 38% H₂SO₄ at 65 ° C. The paint film based on the resin from Example 2 was destroyed after 24 minutes Film based on the resin from the comparison test after 16 minutes.

Claims (15)

1. Suitable binders for coating agents, available from radika lisch initiated polymerization of 99.5 to 70% by weight of one or more (meth) acrylic monomers and optionally one or more of which different, radical polymeric settable monomer, in the presence of 0.5 to 30% by weight of one or more cycloolefin homopolymers and / or cycloolefin copolymers 2. Binder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclo olefin homopolymer or the cycloolefin copolymer contains:

• A) 20-100 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the monomers used for its preparation, at least one cycloolefin components and
• B) 0-80% by weight, based on the total mass of the monomers used, of at least one acyclic olefin component.

3. Binder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Cycloolefin homopolymer or the cycloolefin copolymer as acyclic Olefin component one based on one or more contains alpha-olefins with 2 to 20 carbon atoms. 4. Binder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the cycloolefin homopolymer or the cycloolefin copoly mer a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 5000 to 100,000 g / mol.   5. Binder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in net that the (meth) acrylic monomers alkyl (meth) acrylates with 1 to 18th Are carbon atoms in the alkyl part. 6. Binder according to claim 5, characterized in that at least some of the alkyl (meth) acrylates are one or more primary or secondary hydroxy functions or an epoxy function in the alkyl part having. 7. Binder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that at least some of the (meth) acrylic monomers Has carboxyl group and / or that in the manufacture of the bandage means one or more radically copolymerizable monomers were used that have one or more carboxyl groups sen. 8. A method for producing the binder according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one 0.5 to 30% by weight of one or more cycloolefin homopolymers and / or cycloolefin copolymers as in one of claims 1 to 4 defined, in liquid, optionally dissolved in a solvent Form, submitted and in it 99.5 to 70% by weight of one or more (meth) acrylic monomers and if necessary, additionally one or more of them differ cher, radically polymerizable monomer, as in one of the Claims 1 and 5 to 7 defined, in the presence of a radical tiators polymerized, the wt .-% to the sum of Solids contents of the monomers and cycloolefinhomo used relate to polymers or cycloolefin copolymers. 9. Coating agent for the production of coatings containing one or several binders according to one of claims 1 to 7, or Herge according to the method of claim 8, in addition to one or more  several crosslinkers and customary paint additives and if necessary Pigments and / or fillers. 10. Coating agent according to claim 9, characterized in that it is a or contains several common solvents. 11. Coating agent according to claim 9, characterized in that it is is an aqueous coating agent that one or more organi cal solvents. 12. Coating agent according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized records that the binders hydroxy and / or carboxyfunctional Siert and as a crosslinker one or more polyisocyanates, the may be capped and / or melamine resins, or one or more Polyepoxides are included. 13. Coating agent according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized records that the binders are epoxy functionalized and additionally are optionally hydroxy-functionalized and a crosslinker or more carboxy functionalized compounds and given if one or more melamine resins or one or more polyamines, that may be capped are included. 14. Coating agent according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized records that the binders epoxy and acryloyl functionalized are and as crosslinkers one or more polyamines which are capped can, one or more compounds with several CH-acidic Groups in the molecule or one or more crosslinkers with several transesterifiable groups are included per molecule. 15. Use of the binder according to one of claims 1 to 7, or produced by the method of claim 8, for the production of scratch-resistant and acid-resistant coatings.